Journal articles: 'Silicon'

1

Renlund, Gary M., Svante Prochazka, and Robert H. Doremus. "Silicon oxycarbide glasses: Part II. Structure and properties." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 12 (December 1991): 2723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2723.

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Silicon oxycarbide glass is formed by the pyrolysis of silicone resins and contains only silicon, oxygen, and carbon. The glass remains amorphous in x-ray diffraction to 1400 °C and shows no features in transmission electron micrographs (TEM) after heating to this temperature. After heating at higher temperature (1500–1650 °C) silicon carbide lines develop in x-ray diffraction, and fine crystalline regions of silicon carbide and graphite are found in TEM and electron diffraction. XPS shows that silicon-oxygen bonds in the glass are similar to those in amorphous and crystalline silicates; some silicons are bonded to both oxygen and carbon. Carbon is bonded to either silicon or carbon; there are no carbon-oxygen bonds in the glass. Infrared spectra are consistent with these conclusions and show silicon-oxygen and silicon-carbon vibrations, but none from carbon-oxygen bonds. 29Si-NMR shows evidence for four different bonding groups around silicon. The silicon oxycarbide structure deduced from these results is a random network of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with some silicons bonded to one or two carbons substituted for oxygen; these carbons are in turn tetrahedrally bonded to other silicon atoms. There are very small regions of carbon-carbon bonds only, which are not bonded in the network. This “free” carbon colors the glass black. When the glass is heated above 1400 °C this network composite rearranges in tiny regions to graphite and silicon carbide crystals. The density, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, elastic modulus, index of refraction, and viscosity of the silicon oxycarbide glasses are all somewhat higher than these properties in vitreous silica, probably because the silicon-carbide bonds in the network of the oxycarbide lead to a tighter, more closely packed structure. The oxycarbide glass is highly stable to temperatures up to 1600 °C and higher, because oxygen and water diffuse slowly in it.

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Deng, Xuebiao, Huai Chen, and Zhenyu Yang. "Two-dimensional silicon nanomaterials for optoelectronics." Journal of Semiconductors 44, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 041101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/44/4/041101.

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Abstract Silicon nanomaterials have been of immense interest in the last few decades due to their remarkable optoelectronic responses, elemental abundance, and higher biocompatibility. Two-dimensional silicon is one of the new allotropes of silicon and has many compelling properties such as quantum-confined photoluminescence, high charge carrier mobilities, anisotropic electronic and magnetic response, and non-linear optical properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of two-dimensional silicon nanomaterials with a range of structures (silicene, silicane, and multilayered silicon), surface ligand engineering, and corresponding optoelectronic applications.

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3

Sciortino, Francesco. "Silicon in silico." Nature Physics 7, no. 7 (July 2011): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2038.

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Nasution, Sarah Purnama. "PENGGUNAAN BAHAN SILIKON SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI SEDOTAN PLASTIK." Jurnal Seni dan Reka Rancang: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Desain 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jsrr.v2i1.10104.

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AbstractUse of Silicon Materials as an Alternative to Replacing Plastic Straws. Continuous development hasresulted in many changes in the pattern of people’s living needs, especially in the use of natural resources.This results in reduced natural resources and damage to natural sustainability. One example is the useof plastic straws in the lives of Indonesian people. The use of plastic straws is increasing with increasingconsumption patterns of the Indonesian people. However, these problems can be minimized by the useof environmentally friendly raw materials. Materials that can be an alternative to the problem are theuse of silicon instead of plastic straws. Silicon is a harmless chemical that is synthetic polymer rubberwhich is chemically formed through a series of oxygen-oxygen, which can be used for several times. Thisscientific paper aims to analyze the use of plastic straws in everyday life that have an impact on theenvironment. analyze the impact of alternative use of straws made of silicon so that it can help reducethe use of plastic, and formulate recommendations for making bottled bottles, and ready to eat places ofsilicon.Keywords: chemicals, environmentally friendly plastics, plastic straws, silicon AbstrakPenggunaan Bahan Silikon Sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Sedotan Plastik. Perkembanganzaman yang terus menerus mengakibatkan banyaknya perubahan pada pola kebutuhan hidupmasyarakat terutama pada penggunaan sumber daya alam. Hal tersebut mengakibatkanberkurangnya sumber daya alam dan terjadinya kerusakan pada kelestarian alam. Adapunsalah satu contohnya yaitu penggunaan sedotan plastik dalam kehidupan masyarakatIndonesia. Penggunaan sedotan plastik semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya polakonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Namun permasalahan tersebut dapat diminilisasi denganpenggunaan bahan baku ramah lingkungan. Bahan yang dapat menjadi alternatif darimasalah tersebut yaitu penggunaan silikon sebagai pengganti sedotan plastik. Silikonmerupakan bahan kimia yang tidak berbahaya yaitu karet polimer sintetis yang secara strukturkimianya terbentuk melalui rangkaian silicone-oxygen, dapat digunakan untuk beberapa kalipenggunaan. Makalah ilmiah ini memiliki tujuan yaitu menganalisis penggunaan sedotanplastik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang berdampak terhadap lingkungan. menganalisisdampak dari alternatif penggunaan sedotan yang terbuat dari silikon sehingga dapatmembantu pengurangan penggunaan plastik, dan menyusun rekomendasi pembuatan botolkemasan, dan tempat makan siap saji dari bahan silikon.Kata kunci: bahan kimia, plastik, ramah lingkungan, sedotan plastik, silikon.

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5

Cassedanne, Jeannine Odette, and Hamílcar Freire de Carvalho. "Dosagem de silício em silico-fosfatos naturais." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 13 (December 1, 1990): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1990_0_39-42.

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This study describes a silicon volumetric titration in minerals silico-phosphates. Silicon is precipited as quinolin silico-molibdate and molybdenum is titsted by complexometric-accumulation method. In the range of 0,5 to 2,5 mg of silicon, a precision of about 0,5% is reached with a good reproducibility. A previous elimination of phosphates ions is necessary.

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6

Wang, Yalin. "Effect of Nano Titanium Oxide with Different Surface Treatments on Color Stability of Red-Tinted Silicone Rubber." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1334903.

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To improve the color stability of facial prosthesis silicone rubber, this paper studied the effect of nano titanium oxide with different surface treatments on the color stability of red pigment-colored silicone rubber. Under the simulated sunlight aging condition, this paper takes MDX4-4210 silicone rubber as the matrix, silicon aluminum-coated nano TiO2 as the shading agent, and cadmium red oil paint as the colorant, and it observes the values of silicon aluminum-coated nano-TiO2 silicone rubber film with 1 mm thickness and different concentrations (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15%) before and after aging. The experimental results showed that in the four concentrations of silicon aluminum-coated nano-TiO2 film, the Δ E , Δ L ∗ , Δ a ∗ , Δ b ∗ values gradually decreased with the increase of the concentration of silicon aluminum-coated nano-TiO2. The lowest was in the 0.10% group; however, it increased in the 0.15% group. There was a significant difference among the concentration groups P < 0.05 . The method of covering nano-TiO2 silicone rubber film with different concentrations of silicon aluminum has a certain effect on delaying the discoloration of prosthetic silicone rubber, and it provides a new idea for improving the color stability of the prosthetic silicone rubber.

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Abt, I., H. Fox, B. Moshous, R. H. Richter, K. Riechmann, M. Rietz, J. Riedl, R. St Denis, and W. Wagner. "Gluing silicon with silicone." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 411, no. 1 (July 1998): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00301-5.

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8

Shrestha, Roshan P., and Mark Hildebrand. "Evidence for a Regulatory Role of Diatom Silicon Transporters in Cellular Silicon Responses." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 1 (November 7, 2014): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00209-14.

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ABSTRACT The utilization of silicon by diatoms has both global and small-scale implications, from oceanic primary productivity to nanotechnological applications of their silica cell walls. The sensing and transport of silicic acid are key aspects of understanding diatom silicon utilization. At low silicic acid concentrations (<30 μM), transport mainly occurs through silicic acid transport proteins (SITs), and at higher concentrations it occurs through diffusion. Previous analyses of the SITs were done either in heterologous systems or without a distinction between individual SITs. In the present study, we examined individual SITs in Thalassiosira pseudonana in terms of transcript and protein abundance in response to different silicic acid regimes and examined knockdown lines to evaluate the role of the SITs in transport, silica incorporation, and lipid accumulation resulting from silicon starvation. SIT1 and SIT2 were localized in the plasma membrane, and protein levels were generally inversely correlated with cellular silicon needs, with a distinct response being found when the two SITs were compared. We developed highly effective approaches for RNA interference and antisense knockdowns, the first such approaches developed for a centric diatom. SIT knockdown differentially affected the uptake of silicon and the incorporation of silicic acid and resulted in the induction of lipid accumulation under silicon starvation conditions far earlier than in the wild-type cells, suggesting that the cells were artificially sensing silicon limitation. The data suggest that the transport role of the SITs is relatively minor under conditions with sufficient silicic acid. Their primary role is to sense silicic acid levels to evaluate whether the cell can proceed with its cell wall formation and division processes.

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9

Ito, Takuya, Yasuyuki Ota, and Kensuke Nishioka. "Pattern Formation of Silicon Oxide Thin Film with InkMask." Applied Mechanics and Materials 481 (December 2013): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.481.98.

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Patterned silicon oxide films were formed by a simple process using a dimethyl-silicone-oil as source and inks as patterning masks.After the coating of the ink, the dimethyl-silicone-oil was coated onto the substrate. The sample was heated at 150oC and ozone gas was irradiated. After the heat treatment with ozone gas, patterned silicon film was formed. The circle pattern with a diameter of 20 μm wassuccessfully formed.After the formation of the patterned silicon oxide film, the silicon oxide was hardly observed at the position where the ink coated.

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10

Hu, Qian, Zhengliang Xue, Shengqiang Song, Robert Cromarty, and Yiliang Chen. "Utilization of Silicon Dust to Prepare Si3N4 Used for Steelmaking Additives: Thermodynamics and Kinetics." Processes 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12020301.

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Silicone monomers are the basic raw materials for the preparation of silicone materials. The secondary dust generated during the preparation of silicone monomer by the Rochow–Müller method is a fine particulate waste with high silicon content. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of silicon powder after pretreatment were analyzed, and an experimental study was conducted on the use of silicon dust in the preparation of Si3N4, a nitrogen enhancer for steelmaking, by direct nitriding method in order to achieve the resourceful use of this silicon dust. Furthermore, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the nitriding process at high temperatures were analysed using FactSage 8.1 software and thermogravimetric experiments. The results indicate that after holding at a temperature range of 1300~1500 °C for 3 h, the optimal nitriding effect occurs at 1350 °C, with a weight gain rate of 26.57%. The nitridation of silicon dust is divided into two stages. The first stage is the chemical reaction control step. The apparent activation energy is 2.36 × 105 kJ·mol−1. The second stage is the diffusion control step. The silicon dust growth process is mainly controlled by vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) and vapor–solid (VS) mechanisms.

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11

Polmanteer, Keith E. "Silicone Rubber, Its Development and Technological Progress." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 61, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 470–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536197.

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Abstract This paper has described silicone rubber, its first commercial development in 1944, and its technological progress since then. Pioneering research on silicon opened the door to the development of silicone polymers and silicone rubber. The substitution of two methyl groups on silicon was present in the first examples of silicone rubber and still is the predominant organic group in commercial silicone rubber today. Silicone rubbers have filled a need in the marketplace because of their combination of unusual properties not found in other rubbers. The alternating inorganic main-chain atoms of silicon and oxygen, and the two pendant organic groups, primarily methyl, provide strong chain bonds, backbone flexibility, ease of side-group rotation, and low “inter” and “intra” molecular forces. This molecular makeup and properties thereof are primarily responsible for the observed performance of silicone rubbers. Many significant advances in silicone rubber have been discussed in chronological sequence to trace its history from 1944 to 1987.

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12

Narini, Philip P., John L. Semple, John B. Hay, Stan J. Lugowski, and Dennis Smith. "Does Silicone Gel Migrate Via Lymphatics After Subcutaneous Injection?" Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 2 (June 1994): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039400200205.

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PP Narini, JL Semple, JB Hay, SJ Lugowski, D Smith. Does silicone gel migrate via lymphatics after subcutaneous injection? Can J Plast Surg 1994;2(2):67-70. Reports have documented the presence of elemental silicon, evidence of silicone elastomer, or silicone polymers (gel) in lymph nodes and other sites distant from implanted prostheses. It has been suggested that this occurs via the lymphatic system; however, the mechanism of spread or migration of silicone has not been previously studied. This study investigated the possible role of lymphatics in the migration of silicone gel. In the sheep model, it is possible to obtain continuous samples of both afferent and efferent lymph by cannulating lymphatic vessels. The drainage areas of subcutaneous lymph nodes in the sheep have previously been studied. In our model, the efferent lymphatic vessel from the prefemoral lymph node was cannulated to obtain samples of lymph (efferent and ‘pseudoafferent’). After baseline samples were collected, 3 to 5 mL of free silicone gel was injected subcutaneously in the drainage area of this node. Samples (5 to 10 ml.) of lymph were continuously collected (for up to 50 days), sealed, stored at −20°C, and then submitted as a group for trace element analysis to quantitate the levels of elemental silicon. No statistically significant increase was seen in baseline levels of elemental silicon after silicone gel injections. Statistically significant higher levels of silicon were found in afferent (mean 799 ± 22 part per billion [ppb]) compared with efferent lymph (mean 607 ± 19 ppb). This experimental study did not identify significant increases in elemental silicon levels in lymphatic vessels after the subcutaneous introduction of free silicone gel. Higher levels were found in afferent versus efferent lymph. This implies that migration of silicone gel does not occur soon after the exposure of a subcutaneous space to free silicone gel, or that the migration of silicone gel may occur by a cellular mechanism that can bypass the lymphatic vessels.

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13

Renlund, Gary M., Svante Prochazka, and Robert H. Doremus. "Silicon oxycarbide glasses: Part I. Preparation and chemistry." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 12 (December 1991): 2716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2716.

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Silicone polymers were pyrolyzed to form silicon oxycarbides that contained only silicon, oxygen, and carbon. The starting polymers were mainly methyl trichlorosilane with a small amount of dimethyl dichlorosilane. NMR showed that the polymers had a silicon-oxygen backbone with branching and ring units. When the polymer was heated in hydrogen, toluene and isopropyl alcohol, used in production of the polymer, were given off in the temperature range 150 °C to 500 °C. Substantial decomposition of the polymer itself began only above about 700°by evolution of methane. The network of silicon-oxygen bonds and silicon-carbon bonds did not react and was preserved; the silicon-carbon bonds were linked into the silicon-oxygen network. The silicon oxycarbide was stable above 1000 °C, showing no dimensional changes above this temperature. The interior of the silicon oxycarbide was at very low effective oxygen pressure because oxygen diffused slowly in it. There was also a protective layer of silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon oxycarbide.

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14

Dmytruk, Andriy, Yeon-Su Park, Atsuo Kasuya, Hideki Kikuchi, Masae Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, and Akira Watanabe. "Silicon Subiodide Clusters." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.020.

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Silicon subiodide clusters (SinIm, n = 1–20) produced by laser ablation of bulk powder silicone tetraiodide have been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed a tendency to form different structures of the clusters depending on n: chain, ring, and cage structures for n ≤ 6, 6 < n < 16, and n ≥ 16, respectively. The results showed that iodine, like hydrogen, can be used for stable silicon cluster termination.

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Dmytruk, Andriy, Yeon-Su Park, Atsuo Kasuya, Hideki Kikuchi, Masae Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, and Akira Watanabe. "Silicon Subiodide Clusters." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18073.

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Silicon subiodide clusters (SinIm, n = 1–20) produced by laser ablation of bulk powder silicone tetraiodide have been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed a tendency to form different structures of the clusters depending on n: chain, ring, and cage structures for n ≤ 6, 6 < n < 16, and n ≥ 16, respectively. The results showed that iodine, like hydrogen, can be used for stable silicon cluster termination.

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Camargo, Mônica Sartori de, Hamilton Seron Pereira, Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer, Angélica Araújo Queiroz, and Caroline Borges dos Reis. "Soil reaction and absorption of silicon by rice." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 2 (2007): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000200011.

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The solubility and availability of silicon can be influenced by soil reaction. A pot experiment with a clayey textured Rhodic Acrustox was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of soil reaction on silicon availability to rice plants. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme (4 x 4) with four materials (calcitic lime, calcium and magnesium silicate, pure silicic acid, and wollastonite), four rates (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500 mg per 5 kg-pot) and four replicates. After 60 days, dry matter yield and silicon absorption by the rice shoot plants, pH CaCl2, and soluble silicon (0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid and 0.01 mol L-1CaCl2) in the soil were evaluated. The materials increased soil pH as the applied rates increased, except silicic acid. Soluble silicon extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid also increased with applied rates. For calcium chloride, soluble silicon increased in the soil only with wollastonite and calcium and magnesium silicate, agreeing with its total content. Silicon absorption by the above-ground part of the rice plants was linearly correlated with rates of wollastonite, followed by calcium and magnesium silicate, silicic acid and calcitic lime. Soil pH increase with lime was not sufficient to provide silicon to the rice. The 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 soluble silicon had the best correlation with silicon absorption by plants. More studies are necessary under field conditions and other soils to corroborate the presented results.

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17

Lee, J. H., and D. Zuckerman. "Silicon, Silicone, and Breast Implants." PEDIATRICS 110, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.5.1030.

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Lee, Jae Hong, and Diana Zuckerman. "Silicon, Silicone, and Breast Implants." Pediatrics 110, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.5.1030a.

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19

Amanov, Danijel', Viktor Shevko, Gul'nara Karatayeva, and Galimzhan Serzhanov. "Thermodynamic analysis of obtaining ferroalloy from silicon-aluminum-containing silica clay." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.04.410.

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20

Bocharnikova, Е. А., and V. V. Matichenkov. "Methods for Investigations the Biologically Active Forms of Si in Soil, Plants and Agrochemicals." Агрохимия, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123120037.

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A set of methods for determining the active forms of silicon – monomers and polymers of silicic acid – in the soil–plant system is described in order to assess the silicon state of soils, the level of plant availability of silicon, as well as to assess the potential effectiveness of solid silicon-containing compounds as a source of bioavailable silicon. The parameter “active silicon” proposed to characterize the availability of bioavailable silicon in soils includes actual silicon, i.e. the content of monosilicon acid present in the soil solution at the moment, and “potential silicon” – monosilicon acid, which can pass into the soil solution from the solid phase. Based on the “active silicon” parameter, a classification of soils has been developed depending on the level of bioactive silicon deficiency.

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21

Sheth, Manas. "A Comparative Study of Silicon and Silicon Carbide Semiconductors." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24206001809.

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22

Exley, Christopher, Gea Guerriero, and Xabier Lopez. "How is silicic acid transported in plants?" Silicon 12, no. 11 (January 3, 2020): 2641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00360-w.

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AbstractPlants accumulate silicon in their tissues as amorphous silica. The form of silicon taken up by plants is silicic acid, a neutral molecule that passes through membrane channels with water. After seminal work on rice identified an aquaporin that appeared to mediate the passage of silicic acid, several papers followed and classified similar channels (referred to as “transporters”) in a number of plant species. These channels have been described as essential for silicon uptake and specific for the metalloid. Herein, we critically review the published data on the characterisation of one channel in particular, Lsi1, and identify possible caveats in results and limitations in methods used. Our analysis does not support the suggestion that the identified channels are specific for silicic acid. Computational analyses of the size of the Lsi1 pore additionally suggest that it may not play a significant role in mediating the movement of silicic acid in planta. We suggest that to avoid further confusion, channels currently implicated in the transport of silicic acid in planta are not referred to as silicon-specific transporters. Future research including the use of molecular dynamics simulations will enable the unequivocal identification of channels involved in silicon transport in plants.

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Sigurðardóttir Kvaran, Hildur Rún. "Falin verðmæti í jarðvarmaorku." Icelandic Journal of Engineering 24 (November 22, 2018): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.24.2.

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The extraction of silicon from geothermal water plays a vital role in the sustainability and increased utilization of geothermal power plants. By removing the silicon from the liquid, injecting wastewater is greatly facilitated, as silicon deposits cause significant problems in the injection wells. Both the cost of precipitation problems are high and the possibility of extracting other substances from the liquid once the silicone has been removed. geoSilica Iceland is a world leader in the processing of silicon from geothermal water using a revolutionary method.

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Kuo, Chil Chyuan, Ying Jie Wang, and Zhong Sheng Shi. "Development of a High Precision Silicone Rubber Mold for Cylinder Block." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.342.

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This work demonstrates a technique for producing accurate wax patterns made from a high precision silicone rubber mold. Silicon rubber mold was cut into five components, which is the minimum number of components for assembling the silicone rubber mold. The advantages of this silicon rubber mold include savings in assembly time, reduction of human error while assembling the silicone rubber mold and good assembly precision. The shrinkage of critical dimensions can be controlled within 2.19%. Results reported here can speed up the velocity in the development of a new cylinder block in the motorcycle industry.

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Carduner, K. R., R. O. Carter, and L. C. Westwood. "Identification and Assay of an Organosilicon Contaminant in Unleaded Gasolines." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 7 (September 1988): 1265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429922.

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Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy is used to determine the concentration of a silicon impurity that appeared in some samples of unleaded fuel from a metropolitan area in 1984 and 1985. Silicon-29 NMR is used to identify the contaminant as the cyclic silicone, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. This silicone tetramer is also observed in the NMR of a commercial coating, a xylene solution of linear and cyclic silicones, used as a moisture barrier in the electronics industry.

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Hadi, Shaikh Mohd Hizami Shaikh Abd, Latiffah Zakaria, Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique, Murnita Mohmad Mahyudin, and Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor. "The potential of soluble silicon for managing white root disease in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)." October 2021, no. 15(10):2021 (October 2, 2021): 1346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3343.

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Rubber growers in Malaysia depend on soil drenching with propiconazole fungicide to control white root disease (WRD) caused by Rigidoporus microporus. The fungal infection affected the environmental ecosystem, giving rise to fungicide resistance. Recently, silicon (Si) has become an alternative to reduce and delay pathogenic fungal invasion. Therefore, the present study investigates the antifungal property of soluble silicon against R. microporus in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). In vitro dose-response towards soluble silicon types, i.e., silicic acid, sodium meta-silicate, sodium silicate, and calcium silicate with different concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, 5000, and 8000 ppm) were determined on the Ayer Molek strain of R. microporus using the Poisoned Food Technique. Results showed that sodium meta-silicate inhibited mycelial growth (100%) at 5000 and 8000 ppm concentrations compared to other types of soluble silicon. However, silicic acid inhibited more than 50% R. microporus at a minimal concentration of 500 ppm, which could be considered the most effective antifungal from the soluble silicon group. Moreover, the higher pH values did not solely affect the inhibition rate of R. microporus. Microscopic observation showed the changes of R. microporus hyphae width grown on soluble silicon medium agar compared to the control (without Si). The Dipped Stick Inhibition Assay revealed that a higher concentration and more frequent soluble silicon application effectively inhibited R. microporus growth. Thus, this study proved that soluble silicon, especially silicic acid and sodium meta-silicate, showed promising results as antifungal agents and fungicidal in controlling white root disease

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Zulkiflee, Izzat, Syafira Masri, Mazlan Zawani, Atiqah Salleh, Ibrahim Nor Amirrah, Mohd Farhanulhakim Mohd Razip Wee, Salma Mohamad Yusop, and Mh Busra Fauzi. "Silicon-Based Scaffold for Wound Healing Skin Regeneration Applications: A Concise Review." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194219.

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Silicon has made its breakthrough in various industries, including clinical and biomedical applications. Silicon-based biomaterials that were fabricated into various types of scaffolds may attract interest due to their highly favorable properties covering their excellent biocompatibility, high surface area, mechanical strength, and selectivity depending on their application including film, hydrogel, nanoparticles, and so on. Silicon-based materials have also shown exciting results involving cell culture, cell growth, as well as tissue engineering. In this article, a simple review compromising the evaluation of silicon’s unique properties has been discussed and followed by the application of the silicone-based product in future perspectives in biomedical fields. The review goals are to widen and inspire broader interest in silicone-based materials in wound healing research.

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Yusrini, Marita, and Yaacob Iskandar Idris. "Dispersion of Strengthening Particles on the Nickel-Iron-Silicon Nitride Nanocomposite Coating." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.705.

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Nickel-iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition technique. The deposition was performed at current density of 11.5 A dm-2. Nano-size silicon nitride was mixed in the electrolyte bath as dispersed phase. The effects of silicon nitride nanoparticulates in the nickel-iron nanocomposite coating were investigated in relation to the concentration of silicon nitride in the plating bath. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the deposited nickel iron alloy coating has face-centered cubic structure (FCC). However, a mixture of body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) phases were observed for nickel iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite coatings. . The change of crystal structure to FCC + BCC is due to the higher Fe content in the deposit. The crystallite size of Ni-Fe nanocomposite coating decreased with increasing concentration of silicon nitride in the coating. An increase of silicone nitride in electrolyte solution leads to the increase in surface roughness of the nickel-iron-silicon nitride nanocomposite.

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Monterola, Emmanuel Dioresma, Naomi Tabudlong Paylaga, Giovanni Jariol Paylaga, and Rolando Viño Bantaculo. "Anomalous Effect on the Phononic Thermal Conductivity of Silicene Nanoribbon by Hydrogenation." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.110.

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Silicene is a two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of silicon known to have a lower thermal conductivity than graphene; thus, more suitable for thermoelectric applications. This paper investigates the effect of hydrogenation on the thermal conductivity of silicene nanoribbon (SiNR) using equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations. The simulations were carried out in Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) using a modified Tersoff potential that considers both Si-Si and Si-H interactions. The thermal conductivity of fully hydrogenated silicene nanoribbon (H-SiNR), also known as silicane nanoribbon, was found to be higher than that of pristine SiNR in all the temperatures and dimensions considered here. This anomalous enhancement in the thermal conductivity is similar to that found in hydrogenated silicon nanowires (H-SiNWs). A mechanism for this anomalous effect has been proposed relating the hydrogenation of SiNR with the stiffening and increase of the acoustic out-of-plane flexural (ZA) phonon modes. Also, for both SiNR and H-SiNR, the thermal conductivities generally increase as the dimensions are increased while they generally decrease as the temperatures are increased, in agreement to other reports.

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30

Mayer, H. "Silicon-Microemulsions-Konzentrate / Silicone Microemulsion Concentrates." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 30, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1993-300207.

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Radovanovic, E., M. F. Gozzi, M. C. Gonçalves, and I. V. P. Yoshida. "Silicon oxycarbide glasses from silicone networks." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 248, no. 1 (June 1999): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00101-5.

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Owen, Michael J. "Silicon, Silica and Silicone in Kentucky." Silicon 6, no. 3 (May 12, 2014): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-014-9198-y.

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Meador, Adam L. "Silicon, Silica and Silicone in Romania." Silicon 7, no. 4 (May 27, 2015): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9294-7.

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Kappel, Rita M., Antonius J. H. Klunder, and Ger J. M. Pruijn. "Silicon chemistry and silicone breast implants." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 37, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-013-0914-4.

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Lozovoy, Kirill A., Vladimir V. Dirko, Olzhas I. Kukenov, Arseniy S. Sokolov, Konstantin V. Krukovskii, Mikhail S. Snegerev, Alexey V. Borisov, Yury V. Kistenev, and Andrey P. Kokhanenko. "RHEED Study of the Epitaxial Growth of Silicon and Germanium on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite." C 10, no. 2 (April 10, 2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c10020036.

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Two-dimensional silicon (silicene) and germanium (germanene) have attracted special attention from researchers in recent years. At the same time, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and graphene are some of the promising substrates for growing silicene and germanene. However, to date, the processes occurring during the epitaxial growth of silicon and germanium on the surface of such substrates have been poorly studied. In this work, the epitaxial growth of silicon and germanium is studied directly during the process of the molecular beam epitaxy deposition of material onto the HOPG surface by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). In addition, the obtained samples are studied by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A wide range of deposition temperatures from 100 to 800 °C is considered and temperature intervals are determined for various growth modes of silicon and germanium on HOPG. Conditions for amorphous and polycrystalline growth are distinguished. Diffraction spots corresponding to the lattice constants of silicene and germanene are identified that may indicate the presence of areas of graphene-like 2D phases during epitaxial deposition of silicon and germanium onto the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

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Jari, Irina, Alexandru G. Naum, Liliana Gheorghe, Dragos Negru, Paloma Horjinec, Bogdan M. Ciuntu, Daniel Timofte, and Manuela Ursaru. "Granuloma of Silicone Breast Implants A case report and literature review." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7035.

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Silicone, a synthetic polymer containing the element silicon, has been used for breast implants. Complications resulting from the placement of silicone breast implants are becoming more frequent in clinical practice. Breast implant rupture is common and poses challenges for radiologists and physicians. Radiologists must be familiar with the normal and abnormal findings of common implants. Clinically apparent silicone granulomas are a relatively rare complication of breast implant placement and surgical resection is indicated when they are symptomatic or of diagnostic concern. The objective of this study is to examine the latest generations of silicone breast implants and the clinical literature related to silicone granulomas together with a case of silicon granuloma diagnosed in our service. The findings are based on diagnostic breast Ultrasound and MRI scans performed at our service.

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Zhang, Jingchao, Yang Hong, Zhen Tong, Zhihuai Xiao, Hua Bao, and Yanan Yue. "Molecular dynamics study of interfacial thermal transport between silicene and substrates." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 37 (2015): 23704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03323c.

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For the first time, the interfacial thermal resistance between silicene and multiple substrates,i.e., crystalline silicon and silica, amorphous silicon and silica are calculated using a transient heating molecular dynamics technique.

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Jang, D. H., Gil Ho Gu, and Chan Gyung Park. "Low Temperature Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals Fabricated by PECVD and their Optical Property." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1094.

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Bulk silicon is the material for microelectronics fabrication such as memory device. However, its optical properties are poor due to its indirect band gap. Since the photoluminescence from porous silicon at room temperature was first reported by Canham, silicon nanostructures have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as Si-based LEDs, solar cell. In the present study, the nanocrystalline silicons were synthesized by non-thermal plasma from gas phase. And Nitrogen plasma was applied to reduce the nonraidative recombination center which related to the emission efficiency. To confirm the effect of nitrogen plasma, the compositional, electrical and optical analysis of silicon nanocryatals layer were also investigated.

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Du, Yi, Jincheng Zhuang, Jiaou Wang, Zhi Li, Hongsheng Liu, Jijun Zhao, Xun Xu, et al. "Quasi-freestanding epitaxial silicene on Ag(111) by oxygen intercalation." Science Advances 2, no. 7 (July 2016): e1600067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600067.

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Silicene is a monolayer allotrope of silicon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure with massless Dirac fermion characteristics similar to graphene. It merits development of silicon-based multifunctional nanoelectronic and spintronic devices operated at room temperature because of strong spin-orbit coupling. Nevertheless, until now, silicene could only be epitaxially grown on conductive substrates. The strong silicene-substrate interaction may depress its superior electronic properties. We report a quasi-freestanding silicene layer that has been successfully obtained through oxidization of bilayer silicene on the Ag(111) surface. The oxygen atoms intercalate into the underlayer of silicene, resulting in isolation of the top layer of silicene from the substrate. In consequence, the top layer of silicene exhibits the signature of a 1 × 1 honeycomb lattice and hosts massless Dirac fermions because of much less interaction with the substrate. Furthermore, the oxidized silicon buffer layer is expected to serve as an ideal dielectric layer for electric gating in electronic devices. These findings are relevant for the future design and application of silicene-based nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.

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Nishioka, Kensuke, Kosei Sato, Takuya Ito, and Yasuyuki Ota. "Low Temperature Formation of Silicon Oxide Thin Film and Modification of Film Quality by Argon Excimer Light." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.408.

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Silicon oxide thin film was formed using reaction of spin-coated dimethyl-silicone-oil and 5% ozone gas at low temperature of 300°C. Silicone oil is used for lubrication, insulation, and so on, and it is inexpensive and easy to deal with owing to its stability. FT-IR spectrum of the formed silicon oxide film was similar to that of the thermally oxidized film, and we hardly observed peaks of Si-CH3and C-H bonds originated in silicone oil. The Si-OH bonds in the film were observed. The Si-OH bond causes the degradation of the electric properties of the insulator. In order to remove the Si-OH bonds, the silicon oxide film was treated with an argon excimer light at room temperature. The wavelength of the light was 126 nm. The amount of Si-OH bond was drastically reduced by the UV annealing. The energy of the UV light is high and the value is 9.8 eV. The high energy light may cut the bond of Si-OH. Therefore, the amount of Si-OH bond could be reduced.

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He, Gu, Xiang Wang, Mengnan Zhou, Xiaohong Zhang, and Jinliang Qiao. "Novel thermothickening lubricant with elastomeric nano-particles." RSC Advances 5, no. 82 (2015): 67343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09052k.

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Jantke, Laura-Alice, Antti J. Karttunen, and Thomas F. Fässler. "Chemi-Inspired Silicon Allotropes—Experimentally Accessible Si9 Cages as Proposed Building Block for 1D Polymers, 2D Sheets, Single-Walled Nanotubes, and Nanoparticles." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030822.

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Numerous studies on silicon allotropes with three-dimensional networks or as materials of lower dimensionality have been carried out in the past. Herein, allotropes of silicon, which are based on structures of experimentally accessible [Si9]4− clusters known as stable anionic molecular species in neat solids and in solution, are predicted. Hypothetical oxidative coupling under the formation of covalent Si–Si bonds between the clusters leads to uncharged two-, one- and zero-dimensional silicon nanomaterials not suffering from dangling bonds. A large variety of structures are derived and investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Their relative energies are in the same range as experimentally known silicene, and some structures are even energetically more favorable than silicene. Significantly smaller relative energies are reached by the insertion of linkers in form of tetrahedrally connected Si atoms. A chessboard pattern built of Si9 clusters bridged by tetrahedrally connected Si atoms represents a two-dimensional silicon species with remarkably lower relative energy in comparison with silicene. We discuss the structural and electronic properties of the predicted silicon materials and their building block nido-[Si9]4– based on density functional calculations. All considered structures are semiconductors. The band structures exclusively show bands of low dispersion, as is typical for covalent polymers.

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Mastalieva, V. A., V. Neplokh, A. I. Morozov, A. A. Nikolaeva, A. S. Gudovskikh, I. S. Mukhin, and S. V. Makarov. "Study of nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon nanowires." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012023.

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Abstract This work studies generation of second and third harmonics in arrays of vertically oriented silicon nanowires (SiNWs) encapsulated into a silicone membrane and separated from the growth substrate. The structures were produced by plasma-chemical etching of silicon substrate resulting in a formation of homogeneous arrays of SiNWs. Such SiNW-based membranes demonstrated efficient infrared-to-visible light conversion by generation of second and third harmonic signals visible by a naked eye. This study contributes to the development of technology of optical devices based on silicon and presents a new route for visualization of infrared radiation.

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Curto, Yannic, Marcus Koch, and Guido Kickelbick. "Chemical and Structural Comparison of Different Commercial Food Supplements for Silicon Uptake." Solids 4, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solids4010001.

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Various food supplements for silicon uptake were compared in terms of their structures and chemical compositions. In particular, we analyzed the silanol group content, which can be an indicator of the uptake of the siliceous species in the human body. We analyzed the commercial products Original Silicea Balsam®, Flügge Siliceous Earth Powder, Pure Colloidal Silicon, and BioSil® by applying various methods such as FTIR, 29Si NMR, and TGA. The Si-OH group content of the samples containing pure silica was the highest for the Original Silicea Balsam followed by the Pure Colloidal Silicon. The siliceous earth powder revealed the lowest content of such groups and the densest structure. BioSil® contained a considerable concentration of organic molecules that stabilized orthosilicic acid. The study may help to understand the silicon uptake behavior of different food supplements depending on their chemical structure.

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Syari’ati, Ali, and Veinardi Suendo. "Effect of Electrochemical Reaction Enviroment on the Surface Morphology and Photoluminescence of Porous Silicon." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.60.

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Porous silicon (p-Si) is a well-known silicon based material that can emit visible light at room temperature. The radiative recombination that originated from quantum confinement effect shows photoluminescence (PL) in red, while the defect on silicon oxide at the surface of p-Si shows in blue-green region. Porous silicon can be synthesized through two methods; wet-etching and electrochemical anodization using hydrofluoric acid as the main electrolyte. The electrochemical anodization is more favorable due to faster etching rate at the surface than the conventional wet-etching method. The objective of this research is to show that both of porous silicons can be synthesized using the same main electrolyte but by varying the reaction environment during anodization/etching process. Here, we shows the wet-etching method that enhanced by polarization concentration will produce porous silicon with silicon oxide defects by means blue-green emission, while direct electrochemical anodization will produce samples that emit red PL signal. The effect of introducing KOH into the electrolyte was also studied in the case of enhanced-wet-etching method. Surface morphology of porous silicon and their photoluminescence were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope and PL spectroscopy, respectively.

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46

W. S., Widodo, R. Soenoko, M. A. Choiron, and A. A. Sonief. "Sealing performance analysis of composite gaskets made of silicone rubber filled with ramie natural fibers." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 6178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.28.0484.

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Silicon rubber gaskets are commonly used in many industries for low pressure sealing conditions only. The research studies about the sealing performance improvement of a novel composite gasket made of the silicone rubber filled with ramie natural fibers in a bolted joint connection. In this research the sample of gasket consists of 4 different types of gasket i.e. a pure silicone rubber gasket and the silicone rubber composite gasket with 1, 2 and 3 layers of ramie fiber woven. The gaskets are tested using a water pressure testing equipment with a variation of internal fluid pressure and difference torques at 8 N.m, 12 N.m, 16 N.m and 20 N.m. The sealing performance is measured based on the maximum fluid pressure that can be hold by the gaskets before the fluid leaking occurred. The results show that the silicone rubber composite gaskets have better sealing performance comparing with the pure silicone rubber gaskets where the silicon rubber gaskets capable to hold the internal fluid pressure until around 5 times rather than pure silicon rubber gaskets (0.17 MPa comparing with 0.90 MPa). On the other hand the sealing performance of the composite gasket with 3 layers is almost 2 times better than the composite gasket with 1 layer and around 1.5 times better than the composite gasket with 2 layer of fiber woven.

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47

Galashev, Alexander. "Computer implementation of the method for electrolytic production of thin films for biomedical applications: short review." AIMS Biophysics 11, no. 1 (2024): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2024004.

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<abstract> Optimizing the electrodeposition process condition requires considerable effort and time. The use of modeling and simulations can largely solve this problem. This short review is focused on the development of mathematical models and molecular dynamics simulations, which can be used to predict the electrodeposition of thin silicon and silicon carbide films using the KCl-KF-KI electrolyte. The use of computer simulations to obtain thin films of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide is considered. Silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide are important biomedical materials. Additionally, we consider modeling the decomposition process of various precursors used as sources of Si4+ and C4+ ions for electrolytic deposition. The calculation of various physical properties of crystalline silicon and important modifications of silicon carbide, including the thermal conductivity, surface diffusion coefficients, and a detailed structure determined by constructing Voronoi polyhedra, are discussed. A computer model allows one to explore the use of “a defective silicene/silicon carbide” hybrid material as a lithium-ion battery anode. The possibilities for solving problems of processes optimization in modern methods for producing biomedical materials are discussed. </abstract>

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Tursunov, Ikrom gulamjonovich, Abdurahim Abduraxmonovich Okhunov, and Odiljon Oxundadaevich Mamatkarimov. "ABOUT THE SILICON SENSITIVITY OF THE DEEP LEVEL WITH ALTERNATING PRESSURE." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i2.794.

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ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the strain sensitivity of silicon with deep levels under variable pressure. It is shown that in the pressure swing in silicon with deep levels, there is a redistribution of the primary spatial inhomogeneities in the distribution of impurities so that the electron-hole relaxation after stress relief will occur in the new potential relief. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini membincangkan tentang sensitiviti kepekaan strain silikon pada pelbagai tahap dalam tekanan. Keputusan menunjukkan terdapat ketidakharmonian agihan pada spasial utama dalam agihan kotoran dengan ayunan tekanan dalam silikon pada tahap dalam, supaya relaksasi lubang-elektron setelah pelepasan tekanan akan berlaku dalam pelepasan potensi baru.

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Hu, Liang, Ou Sheng Zhang, and Chao Can Zhang. "Self-Stratification Silicon Gradient Film Prepared by Emulsion Blend Technique." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2145.

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We investigated the effect of film-formation temperature andTg’s difference on the self-stratification gradient silicone film prepared by emulsion blend (poly(3-[tris(trimethyl silyloxy)silyl] propyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) /poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) 50/50 by wt) (PTRIS-co-MMA/PBA-co-MMA) technique. The self-stratification film with gradient distribution of silicon was relatively easily obtained when both blend components could fully fuse to form a continuous film. Moreover, proper nonparallelTgs facilitated migration of the silicon component to the film-air interface during the film-formation and hence the gradient distribution was obtained. WhenTgof silicon-free component was 40°C, self-stratification gradient film with concentration of silicon components varying in a gradient-like manner along the overall transaction of the film was fabricated.

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Maruyama, Benji, and Fumio S. Ohuchi. "H2O catalysis of aluminum carbide formation in the aluminum-silicon carbide system." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 6 (June 1991): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1131.

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Aluminum carbide was found to form catalytically at aluminum-silicon carbide interfaces upon exposure to water vapor. Samples, composed of approximately 2 nm thick layers of Al on SiC, were fabricated and reacted in vacuo, and analyzed using XPS. Enhanced carbide formation was detected in samples exposed to 500 Langmuirs H2O and subsequently reacted for 600 s at 873 K. The cause of the catalysis phenomenon is hypothesized to be the weakening of silicon-carbon bonds caused by very strong bonding of oxygen atoms to the silicon carbide surface. Aluminum carbide formation is of interest because of its degrading effect on the mechanical properties of aluminum/silicone carbide reinforced metal matrix composites, as well as its effect on the electrical properties of aluminum metallizations on silicon carbide layers in microelectronic components.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Silicon'

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