Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silicon solar cells – Design and construction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Silicon solar cells – Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

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Pa, P. S. "Design of Thin Films Removal on Solar-Cells Silicon-Wafers Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.805.

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In this study, the design of the mechanism of a recycling system using composite electrochemical and chemical machining for removing the surface layers from silicon wafers of solar cells is studied. The reason for constructing a new engineering technology and developing a clean production approach to perform the removal of surface thin film layers from silicon wafers is to develop a mass production system for recycling defective or discarded silicon wafers of solar cells that can reduce pollution. The goal of the development is to replace the current approach, which uses strong acid and grinding and may cause damage to the physical structure of silicon wafers and cause pollution to the environment, to efficiently meet the requirements of industry for low cost. It can not only perform highly efficient recycling of silicon wafers from discarded solar cells to facilitate the following remelting and crystal pulling process, but can also recycle defective silicon wafers during the fabrication process of solar cells for rework. A small gap width between cathode and workpiece, higher temperature, higher concentration, or higher flow rate of machining fluid corresponds to a higher removal rate for Si3N4 layer and epoxy film. Pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of workpiece, but raises the current rating. A higher feed rate of silicon wafers of solar cells combine with enough electric power produces fast machining performance. The electrochemical and chemical machining just needs quite short time to make the Si3N4 layer and epoxy film remove easily and cleanly. An effective and low-cost recycle process for silicon wafers of solar cells is presented.
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Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz, and Agnieszka Iwan. "Photo-Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems Based on Silicon Solar Cells and Supercapacitor-Engineering Concept." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153867.

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Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage system based on silicon solar cells and supercapacitors. In the first step, based on commercially available elements, we designed a solar charger and simulated its work in idealized conditions. Secondly, we designed appropriate electronic connections and control systems, allowing for the charging–discharging process of the energy storage system. After constructing three type of demonstrators of solar energy charger, we tested it. The novel design allowed us to achieve total available energy from solar panel energy conversion up to 93%.
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Tian, Bozhi, and Charles M. Lieber. "Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel nanowire structures for photovoltaics and intracellular probes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 12 (October 31, 2011): 2153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-25.

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Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) represent a unique system for exploring phenomena at the nanoscale and are expected to play a critical role in future electronic, optoelectronic, and miniaturized biomedical devices. Modulation of the composition and geometry of nanostructures during growth could encode information or function, and realize novel applications beyond the conventional lithographical limits. This review focuses on the fundamental science aspects of the bottom-up paradigm, which are synthesis and physical property characterization of semiconductor NWs and NW heterostructures, as well as proof-of-concept device concept demonstrations, including solar energy conversion and intracellular probes. A new NW materials synthesis is discussed and, in particular, a new “nano-tectonic” approach is introduced that provides iterative control over the NW nucleation and growth for constructing 2D kinked NW superstructures. The use of radial and axial p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) silicon NW (Si-NW) building blocks for solar cells and nanoscale power source applications is then discussed. The critical benefits of such structures and recent results are described and critically analyzed, together with some of the diverse challenges and opportunities in the near future. Finally, results are presented on several new directions, which have recently been exploited in interfacing biological systems with NW devices.
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Xue, Chun Rong, and Xia Yun Sun. "Design for Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.961.

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This document explains and demonstrates how to design efficient amorphous silicon solar cells. Some of the fundamental physical concepts required to interpret the scientific literature about amorphous silicon are introduced. The principal methods such as plasma deposition that are used to make amorphous siliconbased solar cells are investigated. On the basis, high-efficiency solar cells based on amorphous silicon technology are designed. Multi-junction amorphous silicon solar cells are discussed, how these are made and how their performance can be understood and optimized. To conclude this document, some of the directions that are important for future progress in the field are presented.
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Allen, Norman S. "Book Review: Light Harvesting NanoMaterials, Bentham e-Books, ISBN: 978-1-60805-959-1; e-ISBN: 978-1-60805-958-4." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010049.

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Light Harvesting NanoMaterials, Bentham e-Books, ISBN: 978-1-60805-959-1;e- ISBN: 978-1-60805-958-4 Edited by Surya Prakash Singh The harvesting, capture and efficient conversion of solar light energy into electrical and heat energy through chemical and structural materials is now a rapid and exciting field of significant advancement and investigation in the scientific world. Many of these novel and often complex materials can attain important developments for many industrial outlets in energy transformation from solar power. This book targets a number of key newly developed nano-materials and consists in total of five chapters each one compiled by authors who are experts in that particular field and is edited by Surya Prakash Singh. The book consists of a number of important topics many developmental in the fields of organic/polymeric nano-materials which brings the reader up-to-date on many important features. The first chapter covers recent investigations covering the inter-locking and embedding of inorganic transistion metal compound based nano-particles onto solar panel surfaces as anti-reflective coatings in order to enhance light absorption characteristics for effective energy conversion. Silicon, titanium and silver compounds in various nano-formats are highlighted. Here the properties of the particles in harvesting light energy as a support and their photochemistry provides many important answers to questions in relation to the efficiencies of energy harnessing. The efficiencies of these processes is examined practically and theoretically in some depth with many very well illustrated devices. Silver nano-particles were particularly valuable and effective in this regard for enhancing solar energy absorption. Nano-crystalline titanium dioxide is a widely investigated material for solar energy harnessing but its inefficiency in absorption like many materials is a major deficiency. In chapter two, the use of doped titanias utilising tetrapyrolic sensitisers and various metal complexes for overcoming this problem is reviewed. Here, the deficiencies of usual ruthenium complexes is superseded via more effective porphyrins, phthalocyanines and corroles and with enhanced coupling i.e. via zinc significant energy conversions may be achieved. The next chapter explores the behavior and properties of polymeric materials as matrices for nano-composites where again energy efficiency conversion is crucial in determining the role of the light induced physic-chemicalprocesses. In this case the design of polymer based nanocomposites is widely assessed and is proving to be one of the most interesting and upcoming fields in solar energy harnessing. Of course, one major setback in this area with organo-materials is durability. In chapter four, one rather interesting area of growing interest in utilising solar energy is that dealing with gold and titania nanoparticles called “plasmonic photocatalysts”. This important field has direct relevance to photo-induced electrical and semiconductor processes aswell as significance in the manufacture of photoelectrochemical catalysts due to their broad visible absorption characteristics and hence high efficiency. In this context, the formulation and properties of the various catalysts can result in the production of novel highly active material complexes with high efficacy for oxidation of organic compounds. In the last chapter C60-based solar cells with copper oxides, CuInS2, phthalocyanines, diamond, porphyrin and exciton-diffusion blocking layers have been fabricated and characterized for use in energy efficient solar cell construction. High efficiencies are observed in all these devices when utilized with C60. To summarize, this important edited text provides the reader with a highly useful and valuable source of scientific information which focuses on many important aspects of development in light energy harvesting processes in both fields of photochemistry and photophysics thus providing many valuable ways forward for further scientific development for the future in solar energy conversion and photocatalysis. It makes interesting reading coupled with many new ideas and is very well illustrated and certainly provides a valuable reference source for chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers working in the field in both academia, government and industry, alike.
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Ruan, Kaiqun, Ke Ding, Yuming Wang, Senlin Diao, Zhibin Shao, Xiujuan Zhang, and Jiansheng Jie. "Flexible graphene/silicon heterojunction solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 27 (2015): 14370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03652f.

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Feteha, M. Y., G. M. Eldallal, and M. M. Soliman. "Optimum design for bifacial silicon solar cells." Renewable Energy 22, no. 1-3 (January 2001): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(00)00025-2.

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Strehlke, S., S. Bastide, J. Guillet, and C. Lévy-Clément. "Design of porous silicon antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells." Materials Science and Engineering: B 69-70 (January 2000): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(99)00272-x.

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Hossain, Mohammad I., Wayesh Qarony, Vladislav Jovanov, Yuen H. Tsang, and Dietmar Knipp. "Nanophotonic design of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 8 (2018): 3625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00628h.

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Zhou, Zhen, and Linxing Shi. "Optimized design of silicon thin film solar cells with silicon nanogratings." Optik 126, no. 6 (March 2015): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.02.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

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Shih, Jeanne-Louise. "Zinc oxide-silicon heterojunction solar cells by sputtering." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112583.

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Heterojunctions of n-ZnO/p-Si solar cells were fabricated by RF sputtering ZnO:Al onto boron-doped (100) silicon (Si) substrates. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were also deposited onto soda lime glass for electrical measurements. Sheet resistance measurements were performed with a four-point-probe on the glass samples. Values for samples evacuated for 14 hours prior to deposition increased from 7.9 to 10.17 and 11.5 O/□ for 40 W, 120 and 160 W in RF power respectively. In contrast, those evacuated for 2 hours started with a higher value of 22.5 O/□, and decreased down to 7.6 and 5.8 O/□. Vacuum annealing was performed for both the glass and the Si samples. Current-voltage measurements were performed on the ZnO/Si junctions in the dark and under illumination. Parameters such as open-circuit voltage, Voc; short-circuit current, Isc; fill factor, FF; and efficiency, eta were determined. A maximum efficiency of 0.25% among all samples was produced, with an I sc of 2.16 mA, Voc of 0.31V and a FF of 0.37. This was a sample fabricated at an RF power of 80 W. Efficiency was found to decline with vacuum annealing. Furthermore, interfacial state density calculated based on capacitance-voltage measurements showed an increase in the value with vacuum annealing. The results found suggest that the interface states may be due to an interdiffusion of atoms, possibly those of Zn into the Si surface. The Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) method was used to determine diffusion length to be at a value ∼40--80 mum and therefore a minority carrier lifetime calculated of 3 musec. It was also used to determine the surface recombination velocity (SRV) of the fractured surface of the Si bulk from the fabricated solar cells. An SRV of ∼500 cm/sec was determined from the fractured Si surface, at a point located at 30 and 20 mum away from the junction interface.
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Richards, Bryce Sydney Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Novel uses of titanium dioxide for silicon solar cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20476.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have a long history in silicon photovoltaics (PV) as antireflection (AR) coatings due to their excellent optical properties and low deposition cost. This work explores several novel areas where TiO2 thin films could be use to enhance silicon (Si) solar cell performance while reducing device fabrication costs. Amorphous, anatase and rutile TiO2 thin films are deposited using ultrasonic spraydeposition (USD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) systems, both designed and constructed by the author. Initial experiments confirmed that no degradation in the bulk minority carrier lifetime (????bulk) occurred during high-temperature processing, although the stability of the USD-deposited TiO2 films was dependent on the furnace ambient. A major disadvantage of TiO2 AR coatings is that they afford little surface passivation. In this work, a novel method of achieving excellent surface passivation on TiO2-coated silicon wafers is presented. This involved growing a 6 nm-thick SiO2 layer at the TiO2:Si interface by oxidising the wafer after TiO2 film deposition. The increase in surface passivation afforded by the interfacial SiO2 layer results in a decrease in the emitter dark saturation current density (J0e) by nearly two orders of magnitude to 4.7 ??? 7.7 ??~ 10???14 A/cm2. This demonstrates the compatibility of the TiO2/SiO2 stack with high-efficiency solar cells designs. By varying the film deposition and annealing conditions, TiO2 refractive indices in the range of 1.726 ??? 2.633 (at ???? = 600 nm) could be achieved. Subsequently, a double-layer antireflection (DLAR) coating was designed comprised of low and high TiO2 refractive index material. The best experimental weighted average reflectance (Rw) achieved was 6.5% on a planar silicon wafer in air. TiO2 DLAR coatings are ideally suited to multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers, which do not respond well to chemical texturing. Modelling performed for a glass and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulated buried-contact solar cell indicated that a TiO2 DLAR coating afforded a 7% increase in the short circuit current density, when compared to a standard, commercially-deposited TiO2 single-layer AR coating. Finally, it is demonstrated that chemical reactions with phosphorus prevent TiO2 from acting as a successful phosphorus diffusion barrier or dopant source. The applicability of TiO2 thin films to various silicon solar cell structures is discussed.
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Narasimha, Shreesh. "Understanding and application of screen-printed metallization, aluminum back surface fields, and dielectric surface passivation for high-efficiency silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16453.

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Fisher, Kate School of Photovoltaic &amp Renewable Energy Engineering UNSW. "The pitfalls of pit contacts: electroless metallization for c-Si solar cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29568.

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This thesis focuses on improving the adhesion of electroless metal layers plated to pit contacts in interdigitated, backside buried contact (IBBC) solar cells. In an electrolessly plated, pit contact IBBC cell, the contact grooves are replaced with lines of pits which are interconnected by the plated metal. It is shown, however, that electroless metal layers, plated by the standard IBBC plating sequence, are not adherent on pit contact IBBC solar cells. The cause of this adhesion problem is investigated by examining the adhesive properties of each of the metal layers in the electroless metallization sequence on planar test structures. This investigation reveals that Pd activation of heavily P diffused Si impedes Ni silicide growth and that, in the absence of a silicide at the Ni/Si interface, an electrolessly plated Cu layer will cause the underlying Ni layer to peel away from the substrate. It is also found that the Ni silicidation process itself intermittently causes the unreacted Ni to spontaneously peel away from the substrate. An electroless metallization sequence that results in thick, adhesive Cu deposits on planar &lt 100&gt surfaces is developed in this thesis. It is shown that this process leads to the formation of a Ni silicide on both n- and p- type, heavily diffused surfaces. Fully plated, pit contact IBBC solar cells were not able to be fabricated during the course of this work but it is reasonable to expect that the modified plating sequence developed in this work will result in the metal layers being adhesive on these cells.
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Krygowski, Thomas Wendell. "A novel simultaneous diffusion technology for low-cost, high-efficiency silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22973.

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Weber, J??rgen Wolfgang Photovoltaic &amp Renewable Engergy Engineering UNSW. "Design, construction and testing of a high-vacuum anneal chamber for in-situ crystallisation of silicon thin-film solar cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Photovoltaic and Renewable Engergy Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24847.

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Thin-film solar cells on glass substrates are likely to have a bright future due to the potentially low costs and the short energy payback times. Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, grain size &gt 1 pm) has the advantage of being non-toxic, abundant, and long-term stable. Glass as a substrate, however, limits the processing temperatures to ~600??C for longer process steps. Films with large grain size can be achieved by solid phase crystallisation (SPC), and especially by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) on seed layers, using amorphous silicon deposited at low temperatures as a precursor film. With SPC and SPE, the amorphous silicon film is typically crystallised at ~600??C over hours. During this anneal at atmospheric pressure -depending on the properties of the amorphous silicon film- ambient gas can percolate the film and can negatively affect the crystallisation. In this work, a high-vacuum anneal chamber was designed and built to allow the in-situ crystallisation of amorphous silicon films deposited on glass in a PECVD cluster tool. An important aspect of the design was the comfortable and safe operation of the vacuum anneal chamber to enable unattended operation. This was realised by means of a state-of-the-art, programmable temperature controller and a control circuit design that incorporates various safety interlocks. The chamber interior was optimised such that a temperature uniformity of 2-3K across the sample area was achieved. The chamber was calibrated and tested, and SPC and SPE samples were successfully crystallised. In initial SPC crystallisation experiments with solar cell structures, after post-deposition treatments, a 1 -sun open-circuit voltage of 465 mV was obtained, similar to furnace-annealed samples. In initial experiments with SPE solar cell structures, difficulties regarding the characterisation of the unmetallised solar cells with the quasi-steady-state open-circuit voltage method (QSSVOC) were encountered after post-deposition hydrogen treatment. A possible explanation for these difficulties is the contact formation with the metal probes. Furthermore, limiting factors of the QSSVOC method for the characterisation of unmetallised cells with high contact resistance values were investigated and, additionally, the accuracyof the QSSVOC setup was improved in the low light intensity range.
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Sheng, Xing Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Thin-film silicon solar cells : photonic design, process and fundamentals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105936.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2012.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-159).<br>The photovoltaic technology has been attracting widespread attention because of its effective energy harvest by directly converting solar energy into electricity. Thin-film silicon solar cells are believed to be a promising candidate for further scaled-up production and cost reduction while maintaining the advantages of bulk silicon. The efficiency of thin-film Si solar cells critically depends on optical absorption in the silicon layer since silicon has low absorption coefficient in the red and near-infrared (IR) wavelength ranges due to its indirect bandgap nature. This thesis aims at understanding, designing, and fabricating novel photonic structures for efficiency enhancement in thin-film Si solar cells. We have explored a previously reported a photonic crystal (PC) based structure to improve light absorption in thin-film Si solar cells. The PC structure combines a dielectric grating layer and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for effcient light scattering and reflection, increasing light path length in the thin-film cell. We have understood the operation principles for this design by using photonic band theories and electromagnetic wave simulations. we discover that this DBR with gratings exhibit unusual light trapping in a way different from metal reflectors and photonic crystals. The light trapping effects for the DBR with and without reflector are numerically investigated. The self-assembled anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) technique is introduced to non- lithographically fabricate the grating structure. We adjust the AAO structural parameters by using different anodization voltages, times and electrolytes. Two-step anodization is employed to obtain nearly hexagonal AAO pattern. The interpore periods of the fabricated AAO are calculated by fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. We have also demonstrated the fabrication of ordered patterns made of other materials like amorphous Si (a-Si) and silver by using the AAO membrane as a deposition mask. Numerical simulations predict that the fabricated AAO pattern exhibits light trapping performance comparable to the perfectly periodic grating layer. We have implemented the light trapping concepts combining the self-assembled AAO layer and the DBR in the backside of crystalline Si wafers. Photoconductivity measurements suggest that the light absorption is improved in the near-IR spectral range near the band edge of Si. Furthermore, different types of thin-film Si solar cells, including a-Si, mi- crocrystalline Si ([mu]-Si) and micromorph Si solar cells, are investigated. For demonstration, the designed structure is integrated into a 1:5 [mu]m thick [mu]c-Si solar cell. We use numerical simulations to obtain the optimal structure parameters for the grating and the DBR, and then we fabricate the optimized structures using the AAO membrane as a template. The prototype devices integrating our proposed backside structure yield a 21% improvement in efficiency. This is further verified by quantum efficiency measurements, which clearly indicate stronger light absorption in the red and near-IR spectral ranges. Lastly, we have explored the fundamental light trapping limits for thin-film Si solar cells in the wave optics regime. We develop a deterministic method to optimize periodic textures for light trapping. Deep and high-index-contrast textures exhibit strong anisotropic scattering that is outside the regime of validity of the Lambertian models commonly used to describe texture-induced absorption enhancement for normal incidence. In the weak ab- sorption regime, our optimized surface texture in two dimensions (2D) enhances absorption by a factor of 2.7[pi]n, considerably larger than the classical [pi]n Lambertian result and exceeding by almost 50% a recent generalization of Lambertian model for periodic structures in finite spectral range. Since the [pi]n Lambertian limit still applies for isotropic incident light, our optimization methodology can be thought of optimizing the angle/enhancement tradeoff for periodic textures. Based on a modified Shockley-Queisser theory, we conclude that it is possible to achieve more than 20% efficiency in a 1:5 [mu]m thick crystalline Si cell if advanced light trapping schemes can be realized.<br>by Xing Sheng.<br>Ph. D.
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Jain, Nikhil. "Design of III-V Multijunction Solar Cells on Silicon Substrate." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33048.

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With looming energy crisis across the globe, achieving high efficiency and low cost solar cells have long been the key objective for photovoltaic researchers. III-V compound semiconductor based multijunction solar cells have been the dominant choice for space power due to their superior performance compared to any other existing solar cell technologies. In spite of unmatched performance of III-V solar cells, Si cells have dominated the terrestrial market due to their lower cost. Most of the current III-V solar cells are grown on Ge or GaAs substrates, which are not only smaller in diameter, but are also more expensive than Si substrate. Direct integration of high efficiency III-V solar cells on larger diameter, cheaper and readily available Si substrate is highly desirable for increased density, low-cost and lightweight photovoltaics. However, the polar-on-nonpolar epitaxy, the thermal mismatch and the 4% lattice mismatch makes the direct growth of GaAs on Si challenging, rendering the metamorphic cell sensitive to dislocations. The focus of this work is to investigate and correlate the impact of threading dislocation density on the performance of lattice-mismatched single-junction (1J) GaAs and dual-junction (2J) InGaP/GaAs solar cells on Si substrate. Utilizing our calibrated dislocation-assisted modeling process, we present the design methodology to optimize the structure of 2J InGaP/GaAs solar cell on Si substrate. Our modeling results suggest an optimistic future for integrating III-V solar cell technology on Si substrate and will be useful for future design and prediction of metamorphic III-V solar cell performance on Si substrate.<br>Master of Science
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Sana, Peyman. "Design, fabrication and analysis of high efficiency multicrystalline silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15039.

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Sun, Yechuan, and 孙也川. "Improvement of polymer solar cells through device design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849940.

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In this thesis, fabrication of polymer solar cells through different device designs is presented and the resulted solar cell performance is discussed. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are chosen as the photoactive layer materials as this material combination has been widely used and well investigated. The known properties of P3HT and PCBM make systematical studies and modeling for the effect of device designs on the performance of polymer solar cells possible although this is beyond the scope of this thesis. First, ITO electrodes were fabricated by sputtering and used as the transparent electrode for polymer solar cells. Properties of ITO film fabricated by different sputtering conditions were compared. Radio frequency (RF) sputtered ITO was found to exhibit the best transparency overall. This condition was further applied to the fabrication of ITO electrode for polymer solar cells with light trapping structures. Low temperature processed silicon oxide (SiOx) / titanium oxide (TiOx) periodic structures were fabricated by sol-gel method. Optical transmittance of the bottom electrode was altered by the presence of the reflective coating and thus the absorption in the photoactive layer was affected. By varying the number of layer pairs and thickness of each layer in the reflective coating, improvement of polymer solar cell performance was found by inserting reflective coating for optimized conditions. Finally, semi-transparent polymer solar cells with inverted structure were demonstrated using conductive polymer as the anode. The process in device preparation was vacuum-free and thus could be potentially useful in large-scale roll-to-roll fabrication.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Physics<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Books on the topic "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

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Schropp, Ruud E. I. Amorphous and microcrystalline silicon solar cells: Modeling, materials, and device technology. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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Waldvogel, Winfried. Herstellung und Charakterisierung von SIPOS-Silizium-Solarzellen. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1991.

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Basin, A. S. Poluchenie kremnievykh plastin dli͡a solnechnoĭ ėnergetiki: Metody i tekhnologii. Novosibirsk: In-t teplofiziki SO RAN, 2000.

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Meier, Johann Emil. Herstellung und Untersuchung passivierender Grenzschichten in amorphen Silizium Schottky-Solarzellen. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1992.

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Kōmuten, Takenaka. Taiyō denchi ittaigata gaisōzai oyobi chokuryū kyūden ni yoru jiritsugata enerugī jukyū shisutemu no gijutsu kaihatsu: Itaku gyōmu seika hōkokusho. [Tōkyō-to Kōtō-ku]: Takenaka Kōmuten, 2014.

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Kagōbutsu hakumaku taiyō denchi no saishin gijutsu: Recent development of thin film compound semiconductor photovoltaic cells. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2013.

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Vögt, Michael. Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Heterosolarzellen auf der Basis von WSe2-Einkristallen. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1992.

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Build your own solar panel. Wheelock, VT: Wheelock Mountain Publications, 2000.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Cu(InGa)Se2 based thin film solar cells. London: Academic, 2009.

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Yamaguchi, Masafumi, and Laurentiu Fara. Advanced solar cell materials, technology, modeling, and simulation. Hershey PA: Engineering Science Reference, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

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Pudasaini, Pushpa Raj, and Arturo A. Ayon. "Design Guidelines for High Efficiency Plasmonics Silicon Solar Cells." In High-Efficiency Solar Cells, 497–514. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01988-8_16.

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Ruckteschler, R., and J. Knobloch. "Design Considerations for Heavily Doped Layers in Silicon Solar Cells." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1094–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_197.

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Metri, Ashwini A., T. S. Rani, and Preeta Sharan. "A Simulation Study of Design Parameter for Quantum Dot-Based Solar Cells." In Silicon Photonics & High Performance Computing, 131–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7656-5_15.

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Zampiva, Rubia Young Sun, Annelise Kopp Alves, and Carlos Perez Bergmann. "Mg2SiO4:Er3+ Coating for Efficiency Increase of Silicon-Based Commercial Solar Cells." In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2017, 820–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57078-5_77.

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Posthuma, Niels E., Barry J. O’Sullivan, and Ivan Gordon. "Technology and Design of Classical and Heterojunction Back Contacted Silicon Solar Cells." In Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells, 521–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22275-7_16.

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Saravanan, S., R. S. Dubey, and S. Kalainathan. "Design and Analysis of Thin Film Based Silicon Solar Cells for Efficient Light Trapping." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 129–34. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2367-2_17.

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Chen, Fengxiang, and Lisheng Wang. "Light Trapping Design in Silicon-Based Solar Cells." In Solar Cells - Silicon Wafer-Based Technologies. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/20962.

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Akubude, V. C. "Versatile Applications of Solar Cells." In Materials Research Foundations, 24–39. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901410-2.

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Solar cells have changed the way electricity is generated; it helps the world to reduce carbon emission, and consequently makes our electric grid system more resilient and reliable. Hence, this chapter presents the concept of solar cells and the basic principle of operation. The chapter also discusses materials in construction of solar cells including conventional semiconductors such as silicon and emerging/organic materials such as perovskite and quantum dots. Various applications of solar cells which include space research, telecommunications, grid connections, stand-alone connections and off-grid applications are also highlighted. Given the versatile application of solar cells, it is the future of electricity generation.
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Kumar Singh, Manoj, Pratik V. Shinde, Pratap Singh, and Pawan Kumar Tyagi. "Two-Dimensional Materials for Advanced Solar Cells." In Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94114.

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Inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells account for more than 90% of the market despite a recent surge in research efforts to develop new architectures and materials such as organics and perovskites. The reason why most commercial solar cells are using crystalline silicon as the absorber layer include long-term stability, the abundance of silicone, relatively low manufacturing costs, ability for doping by other elements, and native oxide passivation layer. However, the indirect band gap nature of crystalline silicon makes it a poor light emitter, limiting its solar conversion efficiency. For instance, compared to the extraordinary high light absorption coefficient of perovskites, silicon requires 1000 times more material to absorb the same amount of sunlight. In order to reduce the cost per watt and improve watt per gram utilization of future generations of solar cells, reducing the active absorber thickness is a key design requirement. This is where novel two-dimensional (2d) materials like graphene, MoS2 come into play because they could lead to thinner, lightweight and flexible solar cells. In this chapter, we aim to follow up on the most important and novel developments that have been recently reported on solar cells. Section-2 is devoted to the properties, synthesis techniques of different 2d materials like graphene, TMDs, and perovskites. In the next section-3, various types of photovoltaic cells, 2d Schottky, 2d homojunction, and 2d heterojunction have been described. Systematic development to enhance the PCE with recent techniques has been discussed in section-4. Also, 2d Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite explained briefly. New developments in the field of the solar cell via upconversion and downconversion processes are illustrated and described in section-5. The next section is dedicated to the recent developments and challenges in the fabrication of 2d photovoltaic cells, additionally with various applications. Finally, we will also address future directions yet to be explored for enhancing the performance of solar cells.
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"Graphene Materials for Third Generation Solar Cell Technologies." In Materials for Solar Cell Technologies I, 29–61. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901090-2.

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Photovoltaic technology is the most sustainable source of renewable energy because sunlight radiation is free and readily available. Therefore, the materials required accessing this energy source, cost and the efficiency of conversion from solar to electricity is the topic of interest in continued research. Graphene as a sp2-hybridized 2-dimensional carbon with unique crystal and electronic properties comprising high charge carrier mobility, optical transparency, inexpensive, excellent mechanical strength and flexibility with chemical stability and inertness among others is a suitable material for application in various units of the different architectures in third generation solar cells. It can be applied as a semiconductor layer, electrolyte and counter-electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells; electrode, perovskite, electron and hole transporting layers in perovskite solar cells; and electrode, hole transporting layer and electron acceptor and donor in organic solar cells; in addition to graphene/silicon Schottky junction. Following the application of graphene in various units of the third generation architecture, the power conversion efficiency has increased from 1.9% to over 22%, with ongoing research expected to develop a more stable design with longevity comparable to commercially available silicon-based p-n junction.
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Conference papers on the topic "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

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Dubey, Swapnil, C. S. Soon, Sin Lih Chin, and Leon Lee. "Performance Analysis of Innovative Top Cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (TPV) Modules Under Tropics." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59075.

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The main focus area of this research paper to efficiently remove the heat generated during conversion of solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) module. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of commercial available PV module varies in the range of 8%–20% depending on the type of solar cell materials used for the module construction, e.g. crystalline silicon, thin film, CIGS, organic, etc. During the conversion process, only a small fraction of the incident solar radiation is utilize by PV cells to produce electricity and the remaining is converted into waste heat in the module which causes the PV cell temperature to increase and its efficiency to drop. This thermal energy could be extract using air or water as a heat removal fluid to utilize in heating applications. The purpose of a solar photovoltaic module is to convert solar energy into electricity. The hybrid combination of photovoltaic module and thermal collector called Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module. Such PVT module combines a PV, which converts electromagnetic radiation (photons) into electricity, with a solar thermal module, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from the PV module. Cooling of cells either by natural or forced circulation can reduce the PV cell temperature. The simultaneous cooling of the PV cells maintains their PV efficiency at a satisfactory level and offers a better way of utilizing solar energy by generating thermal energy as well. PVT system has higher overall efficiency as compared to separate PV and thermal collector. The heat output of a PVT module can be used for space heating or production of domestic hot water. This paper presents an innovative design of top cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (T-PV) module and its performance under outdoor weather condition of Singapore. T-PV collector is designed to flow fluid over the top of PV panel through a very narrow gap between the solar lens. This process improves heat removal process from PV panel, and hence, improves the electrical output of PV panel as compared to other PVT collector available in the market. By flowing the water from top of the PV panel will also provide better thermal efficiency. A T-PV collector system with storage tank, sensors, pump, flow meters, data logger and controls, have been installed at test-site located in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. Performance analysis of T-PV collector system has been evaluated under the tropical climatic conditions of Singapore. It was found that T-PV module could produce additional electrical power as compared to standard PV panel of same capacity by operating at lower temperature. In addition to electricity, T-PV panel also generate the hot water up to 60 deg C at an average thermal efficiency of 41% for usage in residential and commercial buildings. The average thermal energy output was 3.1 kWh/day on typical day’s basis.
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Dalal, Vikram L., B. Moradi, and G. Baldwin. "Design considerations for stable amorphous silicon solar cells." In Amorphous silicon materials and solar cells. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41040.

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Gowrishankar, Vignesh, Shawn R. Scully, Michael D. McGehee, Qi Wang, and Howard Branz. "Amorphous-Silicon / Polymer Solar Cells and Key Design Rules for Hybrid Solar Cells." In Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcpec.2006.279419.

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Kerestes, Christopher, Yi Wang, Kevin Shreve, and Allen Barnett. "Transparent silicon solar cells: Design, fabrication, and analysis." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5614408.

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Liu, Yen-Chih, Wei-Yu Chen, Chien-Hung Lin, and Chi-Chun Li. "Crystalline silicon solar cells selective emitter pattern design." In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6186387.

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Hejazi, F., S. Y. Ding, Y. Sun, A. Bottomley, A. Ianoul, and W. N. Ye. "Design of plasmonic enhanced silicon-based solar cells." In Photonics North 2012, edited by Jean-Claude Kieffer. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006549.

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Guha, S., J. Yang, A. Pawlikiewicz, T. Glatfelter, R. Ross, and S. R. Ovshinsky. "A novel design for amorphous silicon alloy solar cells." In Conference Record of the Twentieth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1988.105659.

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Krc, J., A. Campa, F. Smole, and M. Topic. "Potential of optical design in tandem micromorph silicon solar cells." In Photonics Europe, edited by Andreas Gombert. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.662807.

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Ngwe Soe Zin, Andrew Blakers, Evan Franklin, and Vernie Everett. "Design, characterization and fabrication of silicon solar cells for ≫50% efficient 6-junction tandem solar cells." In 2008 33rd IEEE Photovolatic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2008.4922451.

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Kerestes, Christopher, Timothy Creazzo, and Allen Barnett. "Design and fabrication of transparent silicon solar cells for high efficiency." In 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2009.5411328.

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