Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silicon cycle'
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Neu, Silke, Jörg Schaller, and E. Gert Dudel. "Silicon availability modifies nutrient use efficiency and content, C:N:P stoichiometry, and productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-221008.
Full textFripiat, François. "Isotopic approaches in the silicon cycle: the Southern Ocean case study." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210187.
Full text(1) A new mass spectrometer method (HR-SF-ICPMS) has been developed for 30Si-isotopic abundance measurements. This methodology is faster and easier than the previous available methodologies and has the same precision. A complete set of incubation was coupled with parallel 32Si-incubations and the two methodologies give not significantly different bSiO2 production rates. In the Southern Ocean, especially in the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the large silicic acid concentration degrades the sensitivity of the method with Si dissolution fluxes staying generally below the detection limit. In contrast, the 28Si-isotopic dilution was sensitive enough to assess low biogenic silica dissolution rates in silicic acid poor waters of the northern ACC. We show that large accumulation of detrital dissolving biogenic silica after productive period implies really efficient silicon loop with integrated (euphotic layer) dissolution:production ratio equal or larger than 1.
(2) We largely expand the silicic acid isotopic data in the open ocean. Relatively simple mass and isotopic balances have been performed in the Antarctic Zone and have allowed to apply for the first time ä30Si in a quantitative way to estimate regional net silica production and quantify source waters fueling bSiO2 productivity. We observe that at the end of the productive period as suggested with 30Si-incubation, large accumulation of detrital biogenic silica in the surface waters increase the D:P ratio and subsequently dampens the bSiO2 production mediated isotopic fractionation with residual biogenic silica carrying heavier ä30Si than expected. Seasonal isotopic evolution is simulated and seems in agreement with our observations. These simulations strongly suggest working with non-zero order equations to fully assess the seasonal expression of the different processes involved: mixing, uptake, dissolution. Si-isotopes are also tracking the origin and fates of the different ACC pools across the Southern Ocean meridional circulation. Moreover during the circumpolar eastward pathway, the bSiO2 dissolution in deep water decreases the corresponding ä30Si values and this imprint is further transmitted via the upper limb of the meridional circulation in the intermediate water masses.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Frost, Sean. "Applying an environmental life-cycle approach to a silicon photovoltaic system." Thesis, Frost, Sean (2009) Applying an environmental life-cycle approach to a silicon photovoltaic system. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/2531/.
Full textNeu, Silke, Jörg Schaller, and E. Gert Dudel. "Silicon availability modifies nutrient use efficiency and content, C:N:P stoichiometry, and productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Nature Publishing Group, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30213.
Full textDelvigne, Camille. "The Archaean silicon cycle insights from silicon isotopes and Ge/Si ratios in banded iron formations, palaeosols and shales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209652.
Full textFirst, this study focuses on Si inputs and outputs to ocean over a limited time period (~2.95 Ga Pongola Supergroup, South Africa) through the study of a palaeosol sequence and a contemporaneous banded iron formation. The palaeosol study offers precious clues in the comprehension of Archaean weathering processes and Si transfer from continent to ocean. Desilication and iron leaching were shown to be the major Archaean weathering processes. The occurrence of weathering residues issued of these processes as major component in fine-grained detrital sedimentary mass (shales) attests that identified weathering processes are widely developed and suggest an important dissolved Si flux from continent to the ocean. In parallel, banded iron formations (BIFs), typically characterised by alternation of iron-rich and silica-rich layers, represent an extraordinary record of the ocean-derived silica precipitation throughout the Precambrian. A detailed study of a 2.95 Ga BIF with excellent stratigraphic constraints identifies a seawater reservoir mixed with significant freshwater and very limited amount of high temperature hydrothermal fluids as the parental water mass from which BIFs precipitated. In addition, the export of silicon promoted by the silicon adsorption onto Fe-oxyhydroxides is evidenced. Then, both Si- and Fe-rich layers of BIFs have a common source water mass and a common siliceous ferric oxyhydroxides precursor. Thus, both palaeosols and BIFs highlight the significance of continental inputs to ocean, generally under- estimated or neglected, as well as the close link between Fe and Si cycles.
In a second time, this study explores secular changes in the Si cycle along the Precambrian. During this timespan, the world ocean underwent a progressive decrease in hydrothermal inputs and a long-term cooling. Effects of declining temperature over the oceanic Si cycle are highlighted by increasing δ30Si signatures of both chemically precipitated chert and BIF through time within the 3.8-2.5 Ga time interval. Interestingly, Si isotope compositions of BIF are shown to be kept systematically lighter of about 1.5‰ than contemporaneous cherts suggesting that both depositions occurred through different mechanisms. Along with the progressive increase of δ30Si signature, a decrease in Ge/Si ratios is attributed to a decrease in hydrothermal inputs along with the development of large and widespread desilication during continental weathering.
Le cycle externe du silicium au précambrien (4.5-0.5 Ga) reste mal compris malgré sa position clé dans la compréhension des processus opérant à la surface de la Terre primitive. En l’absence d’organismes sécrétant un squelette externe en silice, le cycle précambrien du silicium était vraisemblablement très différent de celui que nous connaissons à l’heure actuelle. Notre conception de l’océan archéen est limitée à l’hypothèse d’une concentration en silicium proche de la saturation en silice amorphe. Cette thèse vise à une meilleure compréhension des processus qui contrôlaient le cycle géochimique externe du silicium à l’archéen (3.8-2.5 Ga). Dans cette optique, le rapport germanium/silicium (Ge/Si) et les isotopes stables du silicium (δ30Si) représentent des traceurs idéaux pour démêler les différents processus contrôlant le cycle du Si.
Dans un premier temps, cette étude se focalise sur les apports et les exports de silicium à l’océan sur une période de temps restreinte (~2.95 Ga Pongola Supergroup, Afrique du Sud) via l’étude d’un paléosol et d’un dépôt sédimentaire de précipitation chimique quasi-contemporain. L’étude du paléosol apporte de précieux indices quant aux processus d’altération archéens et aux transferts de silicium des continents vers l’océan. Ainsi, la désilicification et le lessivage du fer apparaissent comme des processus majeurs de l’altération archéenne. La présence de résidus issus de ces processus d’altération en tant que composants majeurs de dépôts détritiques (shales) atteste de la globalité de ces processus et suggère des flux significatifs en silicium dissout des continents vers l’océan. En parallèle, les « banded iron formations » (BIFs), caractérisés par une alternance de niveaux riches en fer et en silice, représentent un enregistrement extraordinaire et caractéristique du précambrien de précipitation de silice à partir de l’océan. Une étude détaillée d’un dépôt de BIFs permet d’identifier une contribution importante des eaux douces dans la masse d’eau à partir de laquelle ces roches sont précipitées. Par ailleurs, un mécanisme d’export de silicium via absorption sur des oxyhydroxydes de fer est mis en évidence. Ainsi, les niveaux riches en fer et riche en silice constituant les BIFs auraient une même origine, un réservoir d’eau de mer mélangée avec des eaux douces et une contribution minime de fluides hydrothermaux de haute température, et un même précurseur commun. Dès lors, tant les paléosols que les BIFs mettent en évidence l’importance des apports continentaux à l’océan, souvent négligés ou sous estimés, ainsi que le lien étroit entre les cycles du fer et du silicium.
Dans un second temps, cette étude explore l’évolution du cycle du silicium au cours du précambrien. Durant cette période, l’océan voit les apports hydrothermaux ainsi que sa température diminuer. Dans l’intervalle de temps 3.8-2.5 Ga, les effets de tels changements sur le cycle du silicium sont marqués par un alourdissement progressif des signatures isotopiques des cherts et des BIFs. Le fort parallélisme entre l’évolution temporelle des compositions isotopiques des deux précipités met en évidence leur origine commune, l’océan. Cependant, les compositions isotopiques des BIFs sont systématiquement plus légères d’environ 1.5‰ que les signatures enregistrées pas les cherts. Cette différence est interprétée comme le reflet de mécanismes de dépôts différents. L’alourdissement progressif des compositions isotopiques concomitant à une diminution des rapports Ge/Si reflètent une diminution des apports hydrothermaux ainsi que la mise en place d’une désilicification de plus en plus importante et/ou généralisée lors de l’altération des continents.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hughes, Harold. "Si isotopes in tropical rivers as a proxy of the continental silicon cycle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209808.
Full textKey issues treated in this thesis are the improvement of our understanding of 1° the spatial and seasonal variability of Si isotopic signatures in rivers, 2° the biological influence on the riverine isotopic signatures and on DSi and BSi fluxes, and 3° the impact of the type of weathering on the riverine isotope signatures.
The isotopic composition of different tropical basins such as the Congo River (Central Africa), the Tana River (Kenya), the Amazon (South America) and its tributaries, were determined along with other physico-chemical parameters. In order to achieve this, the water sample purification processing, necessary before isotope analyses, required specific improvements that are also pre-sented here. The average of all the riverine δ30Si signatures available so far is +1.11 ‰ (n = 253). The impact of diatom growth on the isotopic signatures of the rivers can be clearly shown in the different systems studied, and especially in the Congo River where the isotopic signature could be used in order to estimate the diatom production. The impact of anthropic perturbations through dam construction is also clearly shown in the Tana River. On a global scale the biological influ-ence on the riverine isotopic signatures is estimated to induce an increase of 0.18 ‰ of the δ30Si signature in rivers. This study also confirms the preponderant influence of weathering and secondary clay formation on dissolved Si isotope signatures in the studied rivers. Finally, isotopic signatures from these rivers are compared to data available for other rivers around the world in order to draw large trends on a global scale.
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Le silicium (Si) est l’un des éléments les plus abondants sous forme dissoute dans les rivières et est un nutriment fondamental tant dans les rivières que dans les écosystèmes marins. Le cycle continental du Si est complexe et inclut des interactions avec de nombreux réservoirs secondaires, comme les argiles et la silice biogénique (BSi), rendant les flux de Si difficiles à quantifier. Les isotopes stables fournissent un moyen de tracer et de décrire le cycle d’un élément. Le fractionnement isotopique qui accompagne le transfert de l’élément d’un réservoir à un autre induit des signatures isotopiques spécifiques qui peuvent être utilisées pour retracer la source et la trajectoire suivie par cet élément au cours de son cycle biogéochimique. Le but de cette thèse est d’explorer le potentiel des isotopes du Si en tant qu’indicateur des facteurs contrôlant la concentration en Si dissous (DSi) dans les rivières et plus spécifiquement dans les rivières tropicales.
Les questions principales traitées dans cette thèse sont l’amélioration des connaissances de :1° la variabilité spatiale et saisonnière des signatures isotopiques du Si dans les rivières, 2° l’influence biologique sur les signatures isotopiques des rivières et sur les flux de DSi et BSi et 3° l’impacte du type d’altération sur les signatures isotopiques des rivières.
Les compositions isotopiques de différents bassins tropicaux tels que le Fleuve Congo (Afrique Centrale), le Fleuve Tana (Kenya), l’Amazone (Amérique du Sud) et ses principaux affluents ont été déterminées en même temps que d’autres paramètres physicochimiques. Pour ce faire, le pro-cédé de purification des échantillons d’eau, préalable aux analyses isotopiques, a nécessité des améliorations spécifiques qui sont également présentées ici. La moyenne de toutes les signatures δ30Si accessibles à l’heure actuelle est de +1.11 ‰ (n = 253). L’impact de la croissance des diatomées sur les signatures isotopiques des rivières est démontré dans les différents systèmes étudiés, spécialement pour le Fleuve Congo où la signature isotopique a pu être utilisée afin de déterminer la production de diatomées. L’influence de perturbations anthropiques telles que la construction de barrages a pu être démontrée pour le Fleuve Tana. À l’échelle globale, on estime que l’influence biologique sur la signature isotopique des rivières mène à une augmentation de 0.18 ‰ de la signature δ30Si moyenne des rivières. Cette étude confirme également l’influence prépondérante de l’altération et de la formation d’argiles secondaires sur les signatures isotopiques du DSi dans les rivières étudiées. Enfin, les signatures isotopiques de ces rivières sont comparées aux données accessibles pour d’autres rivières à travers le monde afin d’en déduire les grandes tendance à l’échelle mondiale.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Closset, Ivia. "Le cycle biogéochimique du silicium dans l’Océan Austral par les approches isotopiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066124/document.
Full textSouthern Ocean biogeochemistry plays a crucial role on global marine primary production by impacting the nutrient availability even in low latitude surface water. Variations in the silicon (Si) cycle are large and its coupling to other nutrient biogeochemical cycles is still not well understood in this ocean. Results of two different isotopic approaches suggested that a strong silicon pump was quickly initiated in spring by a switch from regenerated to new biogenic silica production. The seasonal evolution of natural Si isotopic composition (δ30Si) was mainly driven by the balance between the “dissolution to production” and “Si-supply to Si-uptake” ratios that decoupled the isotopic dynamics of particulate and dissolved Si-pools (DSi and BSi, repectively). We also used δ30Si measurements to track seasonal flows of BSi to the deep sea with. These results confirmed that the δ30Si is well preserved during particles settling. The seasonal evolution of δ30Si signal allows for the first time to quantify important features about the processes controlling the diatoms’ productivity and its fate, such as mixing events that bring nutrient in the ML or the seasonal evolution of particles sinking velocities. These insights confirm that the δ30Si of DSi and BSi, combined to isotopic technics to measure Si fluxes in the ML, are promising tools to improve our understanding on the Si-biogeochemical cycle and provide new constraints for application to biogeochemical models
Kameswari, Rajasekaran Mangalaa. "Silicon biogeochemical cycle along the land to ocean continuum : Focus on Indian monsoonal estuaries." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066713/document.
Full textSilicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust and one of the key nutrient in aquatic ecosystems. There are strong interactions of Si with carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes. The present thesis focused on variability of silicon (amorphous-ASi, lithogenic-LSi and dissolved-DSi) and Si isotopes along the land to ocean continuum. We investigated the seasonal and spatial variability of ASi, LSi & DSi and Si isotopes in ~20 Indian estuaries. We categorize the estuaries using statistical analysis (PCA and cluster analysis). Diatom uptake seems to be the main process controlling ASi during dry period, especially in the South. Weathering and erosion control the variability of LSi in the remaining estuaries. Similarly lithogenic supply controls Si during wet period in all estuaries and no impact of diatoms was seen because of high suspended load. Si isotopic compositions trace the Si sources and biogeochemical pathways. The isotopic results exhibit clear seasonal difference with high impact of type of weathering during both seasons. They show that southwest watersheds are very special in terms of weathering regime compared to the other watersheds because of topography and climate. The impact of agriculture and forest cover on Si cycle is also clearly evidenced in all the basins during wet period. We show that groundwater Si isotopic variability results from a combination of dissolution and production of minerals. Overall, this study shows the preponderant influence of weathering and type of secondary clays on Si isotopes irrespective to the seasons, rather than the biological uptake or mixing as reported elsewhere
Cockerton, Helen Elizabeth. "Late-glacial and Holocene variations in the Si cycle in the Nile Basin : multi-isotope evidence from modern waters and lake sediments." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42906.
Full textCoffineau, Nathalie. "Processus contrôlant la distribution des isotopes du silicium dissous (δ30Si) dans l'océan Atlantique et Indien." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0067/document.
Full textUse of silicon isotopes (δ30Si) as a paleoceanographic proxy requires sound knowledge of the distribution and behaviour of silicon isotopes throughout the ocean. Over the past few years considerable effort has been made to map the silicon isotope composition (δ30Si) of silicic acid (dissolved silicon, DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) throughout the ocean. Diatoms uptake DSi to build up their opal frustules (BSi). During this process, diatoms discriminate against the heavier isotope of silicon (30Si) in favor of the light isotope (28Si). This fractionation leads to BSi that has a lower δ30Si than the DSi source by 1.1 ‰ to 1.5 ‰. In turn, this results in surface waters with low DSi concentrations due to biological removal, and high δ30Si values due to Rayleigh distillation. Conversely, when the BSi dissolves it is with discrimination against the heavier isotope producing dissolved silicon with a δ30Si lower by 0.55 ‰. At the same time, episodes of upwelling occurring throughout the growing season, ocean circulation and mixing, contribute to modify the δ30Si of the dissolved silicon pool in the surface mixed layer, which complicate the use of diatom δ30Si as a proxy for DSi removal during the growing season. This dissertation aims to better understand the processes driving the Si cycle and the δ30Si signature of water masses in different regions of the ocean. New data of δ30Si of dissolved Si are presented and discussed. These data come from 6 CTD profiles from ANTXXIII/9 campaign (Atlantic and Indian sector of the Southern Ocean), 7 CTD profiles from ANTXXIV/3 (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean), and 5 CTD profiles from the campaign MSM10/1 (north Subtropical and Tropical Atlantic Ocean). Samples were purified by ion-exchange chromatography following preconcentration via Mg(OH)2 precipitation and extraction of silicon using triethylamine molybdate. Isotopic analyses were carried on a Neptune MC-ICP-MS at medium resolution (Ifremer, Brest)
Kumbhat, Nitesh. "New Carbon-Silicon Carbide Composite Board Material for High Density and High Reliability Packaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7100.
Full textRoubeix, Vincent. "Transformations biogéochimiques et transfert du silicium dans la zone de transition fleuve-mer: le rôle des diatomées planctoniques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210638.
Full textLa construction d’un modèle global du cycle de Si le long du continuum aquatique continent-océan a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la zone de transition fleuve-mer pour le transfert du silicium continental vers les océans. Ce transfert est influencé par les diatomées planctoniques qui fixent le DSi et, en sédimentant, retiennent une partie du silicium continental dans les sédiments des estuaires.
Les modifications des flux de Si continentaux par les diatomées planctoniques dans les estuaires ont été clarifiées par :
1) des expériences sur l’écophysiologie d’une diatomée d’eau douce euryhaline (Cyclotella meneghiniana) particulièrement peu affectée par l’augmentation de salinité subi par le plancton lors de son transport des fleuves à la mer,
2) l’étude de la dissolution de la silice biogénique (bSiO2) qui constitue la coque externe des diatomées, et notamment l’effet de la salinité et des bactéries sur ce processus de recyclage du DSi,
3) la reconstitution du mélange des eaux et des diatomées dans un estuaire par l’expérimentation (3 espèces de diatomées dans un gradient salin artificiel) et par la construction et l’utilisation d’un modèle de Si dans la zone de mélange estuarienne.
Les résultats soulignent notamment l’importance des variations de salinité, de la turbidité de l’eau, de la nature des diatomées de rivière (sténohalines versus euryhalines) et de la viabilité des cellules sur les transformations et la rétention du silicium dans la zone de transition fleuve-mer.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Laget, Manon. "Rôle des Rhizaria dans les cycles biogéochimiques de l’océan épi- et mésopélagique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0690.
Full textThe epipelagic and mesopelagic oceans play a key role in the production, recycling, and transfer of both organic and mineral matter to the deep ocean. Rhizaria (including Radiolaria and Phaeodaria) are planktonic protists thriving in these layers throughout the world ocean. They can display either mixotrophic or heterotrophic feeding behavior, and some of them form silica skeletons. Furthermore, these organisms can aggregate detrital material around them, forming fast-sinking particles. Sampling these fragile organisms is challenging, but advances in in situ imaging techniques have improved estimates of their abundance and roles in element fluxes. Still, due to a lack of measurements at the cellular level, our understanding of their global carbon biomass and their roles in biogeochemical processes remains limited. To fill this gap, the carbon content of diverse rhizarian taxa was measured, covering a broad size spectrum, and an allometric relationship was established, revealing an overall low carbon density compared to smaller protists. Using boosted regression trees and a global Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) 5 dataset, including >167,000 rhizarian images recorded all over the world ocean, global carbon biomass of >600-μm Rhizaria was reestimated to be 1.7% of the total mesozooplankton biomass within the upper 500 m of the water column. This biomass was found to be 10-fold higher in the mesopelagic than in the epipelagic layer. Subsequently, mesopelagic flux-feeder Phaeodaria were estimated to intercept 3.8-9.2% of the gravitational POC flux exported out of the euphotic zone. In the Southern Ocean, where their abundance was previously shown to be low, this interception rate can reach as high as 11.2-23.4%. In addition, biogenic silica (bSi) production rates of Phaeodaria were estimated, being the first quantification of bSi production in the mesopelagic layer. As the sole bSi producers in this layer, they play a significant role in its recycling, co-dominating the silicon cycle along with diatoms and sponges. Lastly, a new methodology to measure the sinking speed of marine particles using the UVP6 mounted on a sediment trap was introduced. After collecting approx. 9,000 measurements of particle sinking speeds in the North Atlantic, no strong relationships were found between morphological measurements provided by the UVP6 and sinking speeds. Instead, it was observed that sinking speeds increased with depth and were influenced by environmental conditions. These results highlight the importance of considering community composition, including both phytoplankton and zooplankton, for speed estimation and to refine flux estimates using in situ imaging
Niu, Gang. "Epitaxy of crystalline oxides for functional materials integration on silicon." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601689.
Full textFraysse, Fabrice. "Cycle biogéochimique du silicium dans les environnements superficiels continentaux : Impact des plantes terrestres." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179740.
Full textSathya, Santhana. "Fabrication of a thin film resistance heater." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175624104.
Full textMariot, David. "Nouveau procédé de modification de silice pour le renforcement d'élastomères silicones." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0013.
Full textThis work deals with a new way of modifying silica surface in a view to reinforce silicone elastomers. The surface-initiated ring-opening-polymerization (Si-ROP) of cyclosiloxanes was performed directly from the surface of silica dispersed in water. The characteristics of silica used in this study and their behavior in aqueous dispersion were first studied. For pH higher than the Point of Zero Charge, silica presents silanolate groups at its surface that are able to initiate the ROP of cyclosiloxanes from the surface, and not in aqueous suspension. The influence of the counter-cation and its concentration proved to be essential, in addition to silica's adsorbing properties. Modified silicas obtained by this new process were deeply analyzed by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), fragmentation-GC, simple impulsion 29Si RMN and pyrolysis GC-MS in order to describe precisely the grafting conformation. The polymerization process was then scaled up to produce higher quantities of modified silica, which were incorporated in a model silicone formulation. Highest and lowest grafting densities tended to poor silica dispersions, as shown by image treatment. Hardness tests, uniaxial tensile and cyclic tests and tear resistance tests were performed in order to evaluate the influence of the grafting (conformation and vinylated groups) on silicone elastomers properties
Nicolaï, Julien. "Caractérisation, compréhension et modélisation de l'évolution des défauts induits par des cycles thermiques dans le silicium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4305/document.
Full textSilicon is the prefered material of the Microelectronics industry. The increase of its cost incited the industries to optimize the use of wafers. Recycling them thus became current : it is the case for test wafers or SOI wafers. However, recycling presents limits : during the cycles, wafers quality decreases more or less quickly. Impact of process cycles on wafers quality is thus very important. High-temperature annealing is the most detrimental process. To understand what phenomena are involved during annealing cycles, samples which have been cycled were studied by differents techniques. LST and TEM were quite particularly used, coupling global measurements of defects density and size with local measurements to determine defects characteristics. Interstitial oxygen loss during cycles were measured by FTIR. We found that every cycle is composed by a defects nucleation stage, mainly precipitates of silicon oxide, and a growth stage. The determination of morphology and precipitates stoichiometry was realized. The behavior of these precipitates was described by a model taking into account various phenomena : oxygen loss, point defects distribution and cycles effects (ramp up/down and high-temperature stage). The robustness of the model was also tested by comparing the predictions made with the results taken from the bibliography
Iloughmane-Gaspard, Hafida. "Ene reactivite d'alcenylsilanes et -germanes : synthese et stabilisation de metalloles du groupe 14." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30214.
Full textStarkey, Sarah K. "Determining the Extent of Hothouse Climate Effects on the Jurassic Silica Cycle." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493757729025098.
Full textChadha, Vishal. "Design and Implementation of a Second Generation Logic Cluster for Multi-Technology Field Programmable Gate Arrays." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1126539992.
Full textMatic, Nikola. "SURFACE SCIENCE ASPECTS OF ELECTROCATALYSIS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1397794046.
Full textMosseri, Julie. "Cycle biogéochimique du silicium et contrôle de la pompe biologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22053.pdf.
Full textThe oceanic biogeochemical silicon cycle was studied in the Southern Ocean on the naturally iron enriched Kerguelen plateau (KEOPS program) and in the northeast Atlantic in a frontal zone of production regime transition (POMME program). Data obtained as part of the KEOPS program are stocks and production fluxes of biogenic silica attributable to diatoms in the surface layer. The impact of iron on silicon utilization by natural diatom populations is analysed. Results underscore the role of iron on silicic acid uptake by diatoms. In the naturally iron-enriched area, diatoms have higher affinities for silicic acid which allows them to efficiently exploit low and limiting concentrations of this nutrient. In addition, this work provides evidence of the iron impact on the specific and elemental composition of diatom communities. By contrast with the HNLC offshore area, the diatom assemblage of the naturally iron enriched area is composed by more lightly silicified species and has Si:C and Si:NO3 uptake ratios quite typical of diatoms growing in favourable nutritional conditions. However, on a seasonal basis analysis of nutrient utilization shows that nitrate utilization is very low. Results show that the diatom bloom utilizes predominatly ammonium as its nitrogen source, which is produced by an active heterotrophic community. Data obtained as part of the POMME program are the export fluxes of biogenic and lithogenic silica in the mesopelagic layer from each part of the frontal zone dividing two distinct production regimes (i. E. Mesotrophy versus oligotrophy). Results provide an annual estimate of BSi/LSi export in this area of the northeast Atlantic Basin. BSi export fluxes are relatively low in relation to the limitation of silica production at the surface. Moreover, the spatial variability of BSi export flux is contrary to the gradient of productivity at the surface ; advective processes are hypothesised to explain these observations. Globally, the KEOPS and POMME system functionning is described from a combined analysis of the food web structure and the biogeochemical fluxes in these systems. The fate of produced matter is discussed to understand the biological pump characteristics. This work, in combination with an analysis of biogenic silica production and export in the Global Ocean puts in perspective the role of diatoms in the carbon biological pump. We found that if diatoms play an important role in the quantitative export of matter (i. E. The biological pump intensity), they are not as efficient in the export process as compared to their production (i. E. The biological pump efficiency)
Casu, Santiago. "Ouverture de cycles aromatiques à l'aide de catalyseurs bifonctionnels thiorésistants." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10152.
Full textCatalytic hydrotreatements are crucial processes of refining. The severe regulations governing cetane index and polyaromatics content in diesels encourage the industrials to develop new processes. A second hydrotreatement of a desulfurized diesel can improve its properties and for this type of reaction aromatic ring-openin catalysts could lower hydrogene consumtion. The present study is focused on such thioresistant bifunctional catalysts. Catalytic tests on tetralin have shown that iridium supported in silica-alumina based catalysts can selectively open polyaromatics compounds. We tried to optimize the activity and thioresistance of those catalysts by preparing bimetallic solids containing platinum and iridium. A real feed micro-pilote was also used to reproduce industrial conditions and the reaction products were caracterized by two-dimensions gaz chromatography
Irfan, Muhammad Adeel. "In vitro toxicity of new engineered nanoparticles through their life cycle." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12276.
Full textDiallo, Alpha Dassimou. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'une micro-machine thermique à cycle de Stirling." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD035.
Full textIn France, it is estimated that more than 27 TWh of heat at a temperature between 100 and 200°C is lost each year. The recovery of this lost heat is therefore an important issue in reducing overall energy consumption. Heat recovery can be done using Stirling machines, which are reversible thermodynamic machines that convert heat into mechanical motion, which could then be converted into electricity from two sufficiently different temperature sources. The recovery of the heat produced by electronic systems could be done with a miniaturized Stirling machine capable of producing electricity from any heat source. Such a micro-machine can also operate in "refrigerator" mode (transporting heat from a hot source to a cold source through mechanical work) and could be used to cool electronic components. The energy efficiency of Stirling machines can reach 38% (with a hot source at 200°C) and their maintenance is considered minimal. However, no Stirling machine has yet been demonstrated with a volume of less than one cubic centimeter. In 2015, a three-phase Stirling micromachine architecture that can be miniaturized using MEMS technologies has been proposed and successfully tested in macro-volume (with a size of about twenty centimeters). The present thesis work was devoted to the miniaturization of this new Stirling micromachine concept for heat recovery between 50 and 200°C, using MEMS technologies. This approach would allow the simultaneous fabrication of large quantities of micro-machines and thus the possible creation of micromachine networks at low cost per watt of electricity produced. The studied micromachines are made up of a stack of silicon and glass wafers. Their design challenges have been studied in detail and their expected mechanical output power has been estimated. The necessary manufacturing processes were developed and the characterization of each element was carried out prior to assembly. In particular, they include hybrid membranes 5 mm in diameter and 200 microns thick that act as micro-volume pistons and are key elements of the machine. These membranes are made up of silicon parts (spirals and discs) embedded in a flexible silicone elastomer membrane whose mechanical properties have therefore been studied in detail. Numerical simulations of the mechanical and dynamic behavior of these hybrid membranes were presented. The agreement between the numerical simulations and the characterizations was considered to be very satisfactory. These membranes proved to be very robust and the displacement of their center can reach 1 to 2 mm without damage. Their resonance frequencies range from 850 Hz to 2800 Hz and it was shown that they can operate at 200°C without aging. In addition, the optimization of a gold thermocompression assembly process has resulted in tensile breaking stresses of about 20-30 MPa, among the best reported in the literature. Prototype of 20x20x8mm three-phase micromachines were assembled, but their operation in motor mode could not be observed, even for a temperature difference of 100°C. However, when magnets were inserted to induce the displacement of the membranes by electromagnetic excitation, it was possible to observe an encouraging cooling effect. As a result of the work carried out, the main basic elements are now available and should allow further optimization under much more favorable conditions
Rebreanu, Laura. "Study of the Si biogeochemical cycle in the sediments of the Scheldt continuum, Belgium/The Netherlands." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210273.
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Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Van, Bree Kenneth Arie. "Silicon cycles : an analysis of the patterns of growth in the semiconductor industry using system dynamics methods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11545.
Full textDowson, Mark. "Novel retrofit technologies incorporating silica aerogel for lower energy buildings." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7075.
Full textCamargo, Matteuzzo Marcela. "Etude écologique de Metania spinata (Porifera) à Lagoa Verde, Minas Gerais, Brésil et analyse isotopique de l'oxygène dans les spicules, visant une interprétation paléoenvironnementale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4352.
Full textFreshwater sponges (Porifera) produce siliceous spicules with taxonomic and paleoenvironmental value. Sediments with high concentrations of spicules, called spongilite, are present in NW Minas Gerais (Brazil). They formed during the last 28000 years. In order to investigate the reliability of these deposits to record past environmental changes, we proceeded to two kinds of calibration, from sponges currently produced in a small lake of NW Minas Gerais (Lagoa verde). (1) The ecology of M. spinata, the only sponge of the lake, was monitored over its annual cycle. The sponge produced 4 spicules categories in relation with seasonal changes in precipitation, evaporation, water temperature and dissolved silicon content. These relationships confirm previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions from fossil spicule assemblages. (2) The oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of biogenic silica is commonly used as a paleoenvironmental proxy. This proxy has never been calibrated for fresh water sponge spicules. We checked whether M. spinata formed its spicules in isotopic equilibrium with the lake water. The δ18O signature of the spicules showed a positive thermo-dependent relationship with the δ18O of the lake water, conversely to what was expected for an equilibrium precipitation. This result suggests that a biological kinetic fractionation occurred. This kinetic fractionation needs to be systematically characterized for paleoenvironmental reconstruction purpose
Sadou, Yaye Hassane. "Etude du cycle de vie du Ticagrelor par une approche combinée prédictive et caractérisation structurale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS024/document.
Full textTragedies caused by the misuse of pharmaceuticals have put the drug safety at the core of the concerns of healthcare providers. Throughout its life cycle, a drug may be subjected to environmental stresses, which can lead to its degradation. Thorough understanding about the susceptibility of a drug to degrade is an essential step to avoid it. This problem is in particular relevant in a hospital setting, where commercial drugs are usually applied to specific cases without a clear understanding of its limitations. As part of this PhD project, a life cycle study strategy for a commercial drug has been implemented in order to increase its safety in use. Given the prominence of solid forms in the therapeutic arsenal, ticagrelor, a recent antiplatelet agent (APA) in tablet form, was chosen for this study. The first step was devoted to the evaluation of the intrinsic stability and the structural elucidation of the degradation products making use of LC-HR-MSn, providing access to the elemental composition. Degradation pathways have been proposed and the safety of the products has been evaluated via an in silico toxicological approach. Furthermore because antiplatelet agents are often used in combination therapy, in the second part, a preformulation strategy with aspirin in the solid state has been studied using the complementary techniques LC-HR-MSn, DSC, PXRD, and TGA. The mixture of the two active pharmaceutical ingredients gave rise to a simple eutectic. We have demonstrated that the degradation of ticagrelor in these mixtures is closely related to the stability of aspirin, which is modulated by environmental conditions. The ticagrelor study provides a model for the safety management of other drugs and can contribute to their appropriate recycling
Delgado, Soler Laura. "Optimització in silico de compostos antitumorals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32013.
Full textNowadays, personalized medicine and directed therapies have emerged as appealing strategies for pharmaceutical companies. The long-term goal is developing new treatments to target molecular pathways altered only in affected cells, thus reducing undesired side effects and toxicity problems. This is a tedious and long process although the incorporation in its framework of rational drug design techniques has reduced the time needed to identify new active molecules. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in a given pathology allows finding a point of the process that can be targeted, usually a protein, restoring the normal cell behavior. Once identified the therapeutic target it is possible to find compounds that reproduce interactions between this protein and the corresponding natural regulations by means of molecular modeling techniques. In principle, these compounds are expected to mimic the biological effect of the natural regulators. Antitumoral therapies oriented to promote apopotosis or control the cell proliferation process are gaining importance nowadays. In addition, opportunities for therapeutic intervention in this context are growing with the discovery of new proteins involved in these pathways. In fact, the drawback of compounds known at date relies on selectivity problems and, thus, the huge number of undesired side effects of these treatments. Hence, development of selective treatments is a very active research field. The goal of the present PhD project is to identify new anticancer agents using molecular modeling techniques. On the one hand, it has been tried to identify inhibitors of the Bcl-2 protein family in order to restore normal apoptosis levels in tumoral cells and, on the other hand, for the CDK4 and CDK6 proteins, key regulators of eukaryotic cell cycle. All these proteins are deregulated in many types of cancer and thus, are presented as interesting targets for the cancer treatment. The identification of compounds with potency and selectivity for these proteins that can be used as lead compounds that finally will become commercial drugs is seeked.
Loucaides, Socratis. "Human impact on the silica cycle : reduction of dissolved silica inputs into the ocean as a result of the increasing impervious cover /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/loucaidess/socratisloucaides.pdf.
Full textJamier, Robert. "Génération automatique de parties opératives de circuits VLSI de type microprocesseur." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322276.
Full textHodyl, Jozef Andrew Zbigniew, and jozef hodyl@flinders edu au. "Silica Immobilised Metal Ion Activated Molecular Receptors." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090301.162335.
Full textGrasse, Patricia [Verfasser]. "Silicon and Neodymium Isotope Constraints on Biogeochemical Cycles and Water Mass Mixing in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific / Patricia Grasse." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020831006/34.
Full textSun, Xiaole. "Isotope-based reconstruction of the biogeochemical Si cycle : Implications for climate change and human perturbation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79188.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Nassreddine, Salim. "Hydroconversion de la tétraline sur catalyseurs à base d'iridium supporté sur silice-alumine." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812690.
Full textSCIBONA, ALESSANDRO. "INFLUENCE OF HYDROLOGY AND PRIMARY PRODUCERS ON SILICA CYCLE AND STOICHIOMETRY WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488086.
Full textEl, Hawi Nancy. "Silice en milieu non alcoolique : synthèse de nanoparticules et enrobage de nano-objets magnétiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000257/.
Full textThe synthesis of silica nanoparticles has been developed in protic media (alcohol and/or water). This excludes the direct association with methods or compounds used in non-polar media (organometallic chemistry, polymers). In this work, we present a novel method for silica synthesis in a non-alcoholic media. Highly condensed (condensation rate of 93%) silica nanoparticles of controlled size (diameter ranging from 20 to 150 nm) were synthesized using this new process in aprotic solvents (THF and DME). The study of the influence the different parameters (solvent, stabilizer, catalyst, concentration of the reactants, temperature, water amount) allowed to control the formation rate of the nanoparticles. A detailed NMR study in solution and in solid state showed that the solvent and the primary amine (used as catalyst) are involved in the stabilization processes. The silica core is surrounded by an organic shell which includes alkylammonium (derived from the used amine) as well as water and solvent molecules. The opportunity for coating metallic nanoparticles using this method has been briefly assessed with iron nanoparticles and this work shows compatibility between the synthesis media. The study of the coating of FeCo nanoparticles leads to the most significant result since, by controlling the molar ratio H2O/FeCo, we are able to maintain the initial magnetic properties of the FeCo objects. This represents the breaking of the first blocking point toward the use of oxidable metallic particles in air. The control of the different experimental parameters (temperature, solvent, concentration, "prehydrolysis", sonication) allows to obtain objects which size varies from 40 to 100 nm and which contain about ten FeCo nanoparticles coated with silica
Beucher, Charlotte. "Production et dissolution de la silice biogène dans les systèmes marins : Mesure par spectrométrie de masse." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2016.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the study of the biogeochemical cycle of silicon. This study aims to quantify production and dissolution rates of biosilica (BSiO2) in coastal and open ocean (the bay of Brest and the Southern Ocean). For that, an isotopic method (30Si as a tracer), using mass spectrometry, is developed. A time series (2 years, weekly sampling) of production and dissolution rates of biosilica (BSiO2), at SOMLIT/Brest station, shows a high seasonal variability. Annually, 50% of the biosilica produced in surface waters of the bay of Brest are regenerated. During productive period, the dissolution is related to BSiO2 production and to temperature. Comparatively to studies conducted in 1981 and 1993, a change of microphytoplankton dominance is observed in the Bay of Brest. Dinoflagellates out-compete diatoms from mid-August to end of October 2001 and during August 2002. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the shift: a bottom-up control in 2001 and a top-down control in 2002. Measurements performed in the Indian-Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, during summer 2003, reveal a total recycling of biosilica. Dissolution rates were not related to temperature but to percentage of dead diatoms. A correlation between integrated enzymatic protease activity of total bacteria and mean specific dissolution rate is observed for stations with high BSiO2 (> 100 mmol m-2). In the Southern Ocean, the synthesis of data about biosilica recycling show that the silicic acid pump can run into 3 modes and is more efficient during spring. The existence of such periods without silica-export must be considered both, in present and past primary production reconstruction
Yactine, Bassem. "Synthèse et caractérisation de silicones fonctionnels par polymérisation par ouverture de cyclosiloxanes." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20216.
Full textLe, Viet Duc. "Etude de l’influence des hétérogénéités microstructurales sur la tenue en fatigue à grand nombre de cycles des alliages d’aluminium de fonderie." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0012/document.
Full textThis work treats the influence of the microstructural heterogeneities on the multiaxial high cycle fatigue (HCF) strength of cast aluminium alloys used in an automobile context. The characteristic microstructural heterogeneities present in this family of materials are the aluminium matrix (often characterised by the SDAS and/or the DAS and the precipitation hardening level), inclusions (silicon particles and intermetallics) and casting defects (oxide films and casting porosity).In order to clearly decouple these effects, three cast Al-Si alloys, obtained thank to different casting processes (gravity die casting and lost foam die casting) and associated with several heat treatments (T7 and Hot isostatic pressing-HIP), have been investigated. The HIP treatment is used in order to obtain a porosity free alloy. A vast experimental HCF campaign, including four loading modes (uniaxial (R=-1), torsion (R=-1), combined tension-torsion (R=-1) and equibiaxial tension (R=0.1)) has been undertaken. The following effects on the HCF behaviour have been characterised for the porosity free alloy as well as porosity containing alloys: (a) the effect of the multiaxiality (for the loading modes at R=-1), (b) the effect of the mean stress and (c) the effect of the biaxality (for equibiaxial tensile loads at R=0.1). The fatigue damage mechanisms have been studied in order to highlight the roles of the casting pores, the aluminium matrix and the inclusions on the fatigue damage mechanisms.Two analytical fatigue models are proposed. The first one concerns the effect of the loaded volume on the uniaxial fatigue strength of the porosity containing alloys using an approach to predict of the maximum pore size in a given volume. The second model, based on a probabilistic approach, takes into account the competition between the different observed damage mechanisms and leads to a Kitagawa-Takahashi type diagrams for different loading modes. It is shown that these analytical models result in good predictions for the three materials investigated and the four loading modes.A numerical study, presented in the last section, is related to the 3D finite element analysis of real pores. Real pore geometries are obtained thank to micro-tomography observations. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of predicting the fatigue strength at the macroscopic scale thanks to the local mechanical behaviour around critical pores
Pasquet, Cédric. "Disproportionation and ring-opening polymerization of silmethylene-siloxane derivatives." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0072.
Full textPolysilmethylenesiloxanes are belonging to the “hybrid” silicone family. The presence of a methylene group into the polymer backbone enhances their thermal stability, which is particularly interesting in high-tech applications. The synthesis of such polymers by polycondensation did not so far lead to high molar mass polymers, contrary to those prepared by ring-opening polymerization. The synthesis of such polymers is described in this manuscript, from the monomer to the macromolecule. The silmethylene cyclic dimer, the monomer of interest, is synthesized by cyclization of 1,3-dichlorotetramethylsilmethylene. This latter can be generated from the disproportionation of the direct process residue, a by-product of the silicone industry. The disproportionation proceeds either by methylation with methyl lithium, or by Me/Cl interchange reaction catalyzed by AlCl3 in presence of tetramethylsilane. This latter led to a selective dechlorination of chlorosilanes and chlorosilmethylenes in mild conditions, which has not been yet observed with the DPR. Cationic ring-opening polymerization in presence of triflic acid of such silmethylene cyclic dimer led to bis-silanol polysilmethylenesiloxanes. Depending on the purity of monomer, high molar masses can be targeted. The reaction temperature also plays a critical role in order to avoid any cyclization of the growing chains. While triflic acid plays a role of catalyst, it does not allow controlling molar masses. Comparisons with conventional organic monomers were made to identify the polymerization mechanism which involves two propagating species in equilibrium, a silyl-oxonium ion and a silyltriflate ester. An increase of the reaction temperature shifts this equilibrium towards ionic species, responsible of back- and end-biting reactions. Thus the optimal reaction temperature of ROP of the silmethylene cyclic dimer has been set at 25°C previously and confirmed here. The ROP reaction of the silmethylene cyclic dimer in presence of triflic acid and silanol molecule allows designing the obtained molar masses, while keeping a certain control of end-groups. Variations of molar masses with the silanol content speaks for a polymerization occurring through an activated monomer mechanism. Experiments done to confirm this mechanism open routes to the polymerization of other cyclosiloxanes where the competition between the activated chain end (ACE) and the activated monomer (AM) mechanisms could be controlled
Murray, Katie Virginia. "Characterization of the Interfacial Fracture of Solvated Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network (S-IPN) Silicone Hydrogels with a Cyclo-Olefin Polymer (COP)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31918.
Full textInterfacial fracture data was collected through the application of the wedge test, a relatively simple test allowing for the measurement of fracture properties over time in environments of interest. In this case, the test was performed at discrete temperatures within range of 4Ë C to 80Ë C. Two COP adherends were bonded together by a layer of one of the S-IPN silicone hydrogels. Upon the insertion of a wedge between the two adherends, debonding at one of the two interfaces would initiate and propagate at a decreasing rate. Measurements were taken of the debond length over time and applied to develop crack propagation rate versus strain energy release rate (SERR) curves. The SERR values were determined through the application of an analytical model derived for the wedge test geometry and to take into account the effects of the hydrogel interlayer. The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was applied to the crack propagation rate versus SERR curves by shifting the crack propagation rates with the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation-based shift factors developed for the bulk behavior of each hydrogel. The application of TTSP broadened the SERR and crack propagation rate ranges and presented a large dependency of the adhesion of the system on the viscoelastic nature of the hydrogels. Power-law fits were applied to the master curves in order to determine parameters that could describe the adhesion of the system and be applied in the development of a finite element model representing the interfacial fracture that occurs for each system. The finite element models were used to validate the analytical model and represent the adhesion of the system such that it could be applied to future geometries of interest in which the S-IPN silicone hydrogels are adhered to the COP substrate.
[Files modified per J. Austin, July 9, 2013 GMc]
Master of Science
Sferratore, Agata. "Modelling the transfer, transformation and retention of silica along aquatic continuums : an upgraded deterministic approach." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066518.
Full textBéteille, Jean-Pierre. "Thermolyse eclair d'allyl-1 silacyclopentenes-3 : etude mecanistique et application a la synthese d'hydrogenosiloles et de leurs derives fonctionnels." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30156.
Full textLauerwald, Ronny [Verfasser], and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Hartmann. "Rivers in the Silica and Carbon Cycles : A Quantitative Analysis for North America / Ronny Lauerwald. Betreuer: Jens Hartmann." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020930063/34.
Full textLemaitre, Nolwenn. "Approche multi-proxy (Thorium-234, Baryum en excès) des flux d'export et de reminéralisation du carbone et des éléments nutritifs associés à la pompe biologique océanique." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0009/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the different controls that affect the oceanic biological carbon pump. Particulate export and remineralization fluxes were investigated using the thorium-234 (234Th) and biogenic barium (Baxs) proxies.In the North Atlantic, the highest particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were associated to biogenic (biogenic silica or calcium carbonate) and lithogenic minerals, ballasting the particles.Export efficiency was generally low (< 10%) and inversely related to primary production, highlighting a phase lag between production and export. The highest transfer efficiencies, i.e. the fraction of POC that reached 400m, were driven by sinking particles ballasted by calcite or lithogenic minerals.The regional variation of mesopelagic remineralization was attributed to changes in bloom intensity, phytoplankton cell size, community structure and physical forcing (downwelling). Carbon remineralization balanced, or even exceeded, POC export, highlighting the impact of mesopelagic remineralization on the biological pump with a near-zero, deep carbon sequestration for spring 2014.Export of trace metals appeared strongly influenced by lithogenic material advected from the margins. However, at open ocean stations not influenced by lithogenic matter, trace metal export rather depended on phytoplankton activity and biomass.A last part of this work focused on export of biogenic silica, particulate nitrogen and iron near the Kerguelen Island. This area is characterized by a natural iron-fertilization that increases export fluxes. Inside the fertilized area, flux variability is related to phytoplankton community composition
Lemesle, Charlotte. "Peintures auto-stratifiantes bio-sourcées : concept et mécanisme." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R012.
Full textThe goal of this PhD thesis is to design bio-based self-stratifying coatings for railway applications. This process provides a multifunctional coating in a single application step, offering an interesting alternative to conventional multi-layer coating process as it meets current environmental and industrial constraints, such as reduction of waste production, electricity consumption and cost. Over the last three years, self-stratifying coatings based on different bio-based epoxy and silicone resins were set up. As a first step, theoretical models were used to predict the layering of the different binary epoxy/silicon systems. However, the first experimental results obtained were not clearly correlated with the predicted ones in term of stratification level. Indeed, self-stratification phenomenon is influenced by many factors which are usually not taken into account in the theoretical models. The influence of these parameters on the stratification process was therefore investigated during this thesis. It led to the conclusion that the nature, the surface energy and the polarity of the resins, the solvent volatility, the curing temperature and the nature of the cross-linking agent have an impact on the degree of stratification. Thereafter, ageing tests were performed on the coatings showing two perfectly distinct stratified layers, to compare their resistance to humidity and UV radiation to those of conventional multi-layer coatings. Finally, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment was carried out to quantify the environmental impact of the self-stratifying process using bio-based resins compared to the multilayer process using oil-based resins