Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silices poreuses'
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Zhao, Yixuan. "Nanocomposites de silices micro et méso poreuses/nanofils de Bi élaborés sous haute pression." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS082.
Full textBulk bismuth has moderate thermoelectric properties. The reduction of its dimensionality (for example Bi nanowires) can improve its thermoelectric properties, in other words, this reduction can improve the Seebeck coefficient, and decrease the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. These nanowires could be used for Peltier refrigeration. Micro- and mesoporous silica? have channels that allow to confine Bi atoms and thus to create nano-sized Bi wires inside. Molten Bi at high pressure was compressed under high pressure in order to insert it into the pores. High pressure and high temperature are generated by a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and a CONAC28 large volume press. The lattice dynamics and the stability of the different phases of Bi were first studied. The experimental results are consistent with those calculated and the Raman spectrum of Bi III was observed for the first time. The Bi/silica micro- and meso-porous composite samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, and NPD. Some characterization techniques were suitable to confirm the synthesis. In the case of Bi/MFI, Bi chains of 6Å were observed with TEM. The average number of Bi atoms per cell (14 Bi) was determined by the Rietveld refinement using the calculated model (24 Bi/cell). DFT calculations have been performed for Bi/MFI nanocomposites to predict their physical properties. They show that the composites with 14 Bi would have a gap energy between 0.4eV and 1.69eV. In the case of Bi/nanotubes, only TEM could be used to characterize the nanotubes filled with 4nm diameter Bi nanowires prepared in the DAC or Bi rods of diameter around 10nm produced in CONAC28. In addition, the nanotubes in the Bi/nanotube composite transformed into crystalline quartz. Physical measurements were also performed in order to check if the thermoelectric properties are improved. Using the Van der Pauw method, an increase of electrical resistivity was observed (10 times and 3.3 times higher than in bulk Bi). However, the Seebeck coefficient measured has the same order of magnitude for both bulk Bi and the composites. Therefore, the measurements of isolated Bi nanowires will be necessary
Carlier, Eric. "Elaboration et caractérisation de catalyseurs par greffage de polymères fonctionnalisés sur silices poreuses : tests de l'activité catalytique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10225.
Full textRamamonjinirina, Evelyne. "Formation de films mixtes au sein de silices greffées poreuses par insertion de molécules alkylées à groupements fonctionnels variés : étude de leurs propriétés chromatographiques." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10081.
Full textHOUSSE-FERRARI, VERONIQUE. "Preparation et caracterisation de silices poreuses modifiees par des polymeres et des copolymeres du n,n dimethylacrylamide. Utilisation pour la separation chromatographique des proteines." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066172.
Full textRamamonjinirina, Evelyne. "Formation de films mixtes au sein de silices greffées poreuses par insertion de molécules alkylées à groupements fonctionnels variés étude de leurs propriétés chromatographiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600628d.
Full textMaouacine, Koceila. "Matériaux hybrides poreux silice/polymère comme électrolytes pour batterie lithium-ion tout solide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AIXM0024.
Full textThe design of lithium-ion batteries using a solid electrolyte is currently one of the most studied ways to overcome safety problem of these devices. In this thesis work, we propose a new approach to develop a porous silica/polymer hybrid electrolyte, containing a higher weight fraction of mesoporous silica than polymer. Two morphologies of silica hybrid materials were studied: as compressed powders (pellets) and as thin films. In the first part of the work, a hybrid silica powder was synthesized and then calcined to liberate the porosity. The mesoporous silica was then functionalized with different polymers of PEG of low molecular weight then by a simple solution impregnation. The hybrid powders were shaped as pellets, presenting inter- and intra-particle porosity. It was shown that the hybrid pellets present promising ionic conductivity properties when the inter- and intraparticle porosities are filled with the PEG-LiTFSI complex for PEG of low molar mass (300-600 g/mol). In the second part, mesoporous silica films were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode using a rotating disc electrode (RDE). After the characterization of these films from a textural properties and a microstructure point of view, they were functionalized by the PEG-LiTFSI complex via an impregnation process and the preliminary study of their ionic conductivity was performed
Macé, Magali. "Membranes d'alumine nano-poreuses pour l'élaboration de nanostructures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22103/document.
Full textThe nanoporous alumina membrane rise in recent years a great interest in the synthesis of nanoobjects. These membranes have pores naturally very vertical organized in a hexagonal lattice(honeycomb structure). The pore diameter may vary between 20 and 200nm spaced 60 to 540nmand the thickness of the membrane can vary from 100nm several hundred microns. During this thesis work, two approaches have been explored to synthesize nano-structures. The first is touse these membranes as nano-tanks. The barrier layer formed at the bottom of the membrane whose thickness is about equal to the diameter of pores is reduced to 10nm by chemical etching. Then deposits from materials (Au, Co, Si) were performed in membranes with pores of 180nmand 40nm previously degassed. These 3D objects have been produced under ultra-high vacuum(10-10 mbar), confined within nano-tanks, transparent to electrons. TEM studies allow accessto the morphology of nanoparticles, which are proving to be crystallin, according to several crystallographic directions. In plane view perpendicular to the interface for those deposited atthe bottom of the nano-tank and cross-sectional view for those deposited on the walls. It has also been possible to perform studies of in-situ annealing (RT to 1000° C) in TEM of Au particles. The second approach relies on the use of membranes opened as an evaporation mask. This technique allows to duplicate the pattern of the membrane to the substrate previously cleaned, to form a network of nanoparticles corresponding to the material deposited. We have achieved reproducible, gold dot arrays, under UHV conditions using membranes with a pore size of 180 nm
Guillemot, François. "Couches poreuses de silice structurées par des latex : structure, propriétés mécaniques et applications optiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00543809.
Full textBalzer, Bichouard Christine. "Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes en silice méso- et micro-poreuses, passives ou catalytiquement actives." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20216.
Full textLeroux, Denis. "Polystyrène sulfoné supporté sur silice poreuse : greffage et activité en catalyse acide." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10290.
Full textYi, Xiaofeng. "Encapsulation d’hétéropolyacides de type Keggin et de Keplerate de type polyoxomolybdate (Mo132) pour la catalyse hétérogène en phase liquide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10221/document.
Full textHeterogenization of Heteropolycompounds has been paid much attention due to their accordance to the principles of Green Chemistry. In this work, we focus on the encapsulation Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPA) and Keplerate -type {Mo132}. Two Keggin-type HPAs (namely H3PW12O40 and H3PMo12O40) were encapsulated into two types of MOFs (MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-100(Fe)). The physical and structural properties of these catalysts and their catalytic properties were studied. HPW@MIL-101(Cr) was not very promising neither in terms of activity nor in terms of reusability in the esterification of butanol and acetic acid. However, HPMo@MIL-101(Cr) had a good performance in the epoxidation of cyclooctene with more than 70% conversion and no significant decrease in activity after 3-run recycling. Nevertheless, the leaching of HPMo took place during the epoxidation of cyclooctene catalyzed by HPMo@MIL-100(Fe). Finally, an attempt to encapsulate Keplerate-type {Mo132} into porous silica MCM-48 was done. Despite various approaches, encapsulated Keplerate was not obtained, whereby several hypotheses were evoked including that the Keplerate was lost during the final washing step. In order to explore the hypothesis of the leaching of {Mo132} by washing, the functionalization of MCM-48 using propylamino groups was performed to try to immobilize {Mo132} by an ionic linkage. The low angle XRD suggested the structural collapse of the silica framework – in contradiction to N2-absorption/desorption. The catalytic properties of {Mo132} in the epoxidation of cyclooctene were studied, but the {Mo132} Keplerate decomposed immediately in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Cazelles, Rémi. "Bioconversion du CO2 en méthanol par un système polyenzymatique encapsulé dans des nanocapsules poreuses de silice." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCM0009/document.
Full textThe decline of oil production, linked with the decrease of carbon feedstock for chemical synthesis leads scientist to find new sources of carbon for the chemical industry. Use of carbon dioxide would help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions while providing a renewable feedstock of C1 molecular building blocks. By reversing the biological metabolic reaction pathway of three dehydrogenase, we carried out multistep multienzyme biosynthesis of methanol from CO2 using formate dehydrogenase from Candida Boidinii, formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas Putida and alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccacharomyces cerevisiae. We improved the system active by adjusting the catalytic conditions and the relative quantity of each dehydrogenase. Phosphite dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas stutzeri was also chosen among 4 different studied systems to be introduced into the catalysis as a cofactor regenerating system for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The enzymatic system was then immobilized by encapsulation into novel phospholipid templated silica nanocapsules, allowing an increase of the methanol productivity by a factor 15. We show that the last limitation of the process as substrate availability and product accumulation can be overcome by running continuous enzymatic flow conversion in a gas phase
Dourdain, Sandrine. "Caractérisation structurale, poreuse et mécanique de films minces de silice mésoporeuse.Influence de la fonctionnalisation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201895.
Full textLes paramètres pertinents influençant la structuration des films minces ont été appréhendés. En particulier, des études in situ par réflectivité des rayons X et par Diffusion en incidence rasante des rayons X (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering, GISAXS), ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle prédominant de l'humidité relative. Des protocoles d'extraction par rinçage à l'éthanol ont été établis pour dégager efficacement les structures mésoporeuses sans les écraser.
Une méthode d'analyse de la porosité des films minces a ensuite été développée. Cette méthode est basée sur l'analyse quantitative des courbes de réflectivité par la méthode matricielle. Complémentée par l'analyse des clichés GISAXS, elle nous a permis de déterminer sur couche mince non seulement la porosité, la taille des pores et des murs mais aussi la surface spécifique et la distorsion des pores.
Les pores de ces films mésoporeux ont une dimension idéale pour y parfaire l'étude de la condensation capillaire de l'eau. Quand l'eau pénètre dans les pores, le contraste de densité électronique décroît fortement. Ainsi, les techniques de diffusion des rayons X (réflectivité et GISAXS) permettent de suivre les isothermes de condensation et de désorption de l'eau dans les pores. La distribution de taille des pores peut alors être obtenue. Les isothermes d'adsorption d'eau ont permis également d'estimer la porosité, mais aussi d'appréhender par le biais de l'équation de Laplace, les propriétés mécaniques des films en accédant à leur module d'Young.
Finalement nous avons conclu cette thèse par l'étude de la fonctionnalisation des films par divers groupements fonctionnels localisés à la surface des mésopores, dans l'optique de modifier leur hydrophilicité ou leur réactivité chimique.
Reynes, Jérôme. "Procédé de confinement d'éléments radioactifs à vie longue par frittage d'une matrice poreuse de silice." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20143.
Full textDourdain, Sandrine. "Caractérisation structurale, poreuse et mécanique de films minces de silice mésoporeuse : influence de la fonctionnalisation." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1020.pdf.
Full textThis work dealt with the synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica thin films. The synthesis uses the surfactant self-assembly route in order to template a silica gel. Hybrid thin films presenting a high degree of organization at the nanometer scale are obtained. Then the surfactant removal leads to materials of organized and tailored porosities and of large surface areas. Different synthesis parameters have been investigated. In situ measurements carried out by X ray Reflectivity (XR) and Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) have evidenced the major role played by the relative humidity. Some surfactant removal methods by ethanol rinsing have also been tested, with the intent to empty the mesopores without collapsing the mesostructured films. Based on the complete analysis of the reflectivity curves, a new method to determine the porosity of thin films has been developed. In combination with GISAXS experiments the pore and wall sizes, the surface area of the films and their pore distortion were obtained. The mesopores have a perfect size to promote the capillary condensation of water at ambient relative humidity. As the electron density contrast decreases strongly when water infiltrates the mesopores, the XR and GISAXS techniques have permitted to monitor by different ways the adsorption and the desorption of water in the porous network. The pore size distribution and porosity were estimated from the analysis of isotherms. Looking at the direct film structure deformation during the humidity cycles, some mechanical properties have also been investigated yielding the quantitative determination of the Young Modulus. Finally, this thesis was concluded by the study of the mesoporous films functionalisation. Different kinds of chemical functions have been grafted at the surface of mesopore with the aim to modify their hydrophilicity or their chemical reactivity
Dourdain, Sandrine Gibaud Alain. "Caractérisation structurale, poreuse et mécanique de films minces de silice mésoporeuse influence de la fonctionnalisation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1020.pdf.
Full textMorançais, Aurore. "Céramiques poreuses de SiC obtenues par réaction entre le silicium et le graphite : influence des réactions auto-entretenues sur la porosité." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0001.
Full textProcesses involving an SHS step lead spontaneously to very porous materials. The objective of this work was to use this particularity to prepare SiC ceramics with a controlled pore content. Special attention was paid to the understanding of the matter transfer which occurs during processes controlled by phenomena intermediate between diffusion and SHS [. . . ]
Raachini, Rita. "Nanoparticles of Ni strongly embedded in porous silica : towards the design of efficient catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS540.
Full textPhenols may be obtained from lignin instead of petroleum. Here, improving lignin conversion by hydrogenolysis, while limiting side hydrogenation of produced phenols using nickel-based catalysts instead of noble metals, was our main concern. Porous materials made of highly dispersed nickel onto silica were synthesized by different ways, characterized before and after reduction under H2, then tested in the hydrogenolysis of three compounds bearing C-OAr bonds, as in the β-O-4 linkage of lignin, using isopropanol as H-donor. In a first series of materials, Ni was introduced by the impregnation of Aerosil-380 in the presence of ammonia and similar materials were prepared with Rh. The latter favored phenol formation but resulted in much slower C-OAr cleavage. In fact, the most active catalyst was found to be the Ni-based one, affording high phenol productivity could be reached by reducing the Ni-based catalyst at high temperature. Unlike Ni, no Rh-phyllosilicates were detected, this was related to the counterion in the precursor and the metal itself. Secondly, designing highly dispersed nickel-based mesoporous monoliths with different pore structures (Sx) (wormlike, hexagonal or cubic pore structures) through an original sol-gel method. Divergences were observed between the reduced forms of NiII@Sx, with better yields with the more open cubic structure. The resulting solids were compared to two materials obtained by the impregnation of either aerosil silica or a hexagonal silica monolith with Ni(II) in the presence of ammonia in order to study the effect of the support and the incorporation method. the best catalyst with respect to phenol selectivity, avoiding its hydrogenation to cyclohexanol, was Ni-based aerosil silica. Lastly, studying the effect of adding a second metal with Ni (Co or Fe) by three methods, impregnation of Co or Fe on Ni@SBA-15 like monolith, a direct one-pot synthesis introduction or co-impregnation of both metals Ni and Co or Fe on blank SBA-15 like monolith. The incorporation method of metals is the most critical parameter. Incorporation Co or Fe by “two-solvents” method on Ni@SBA-15 like monolith led to the best catalytic activity in terms of selectivity towards phenol. In fact, not all active species were sufficiently reduced and it would be interesting to increase the reduction temperature of these solids and to optimize the reaction conditions
Astruc, Marianne. "Etude rhéo-optique des mécanismes de dispersion de mélanges sous cisaillement simple: Mélanges concentrés de polymères immiscibles: Mélanges polymères-charges poreuse." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1014.
Full textAstruc, Marianne. "Étude rhéo-optique des mécanismes de dispersion de mélanges sous cisaillement simple. 1 Mélanges concentrés de polymères immiscibles. 2 Mélanges polymères-charges poreuse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275370.
Full textKloul, Marzouk. "Contribution à la mise au point de méthodes de contrôle et de caractérisation de guides d'ondes composites silicium poreux et silice poreuse / molécules organiques à propriétés optiques non linéaires." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1028.pdf.
Full textKloul, Marzouk Bulou Alain Skarka Vladimir. "Contribution à la mise au point de méthodes de contrôle et de caractérisation de guides d'ondes composites silicium poreux et silice poreuse / molécules organiques à propriétés optiques non linéaires." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1028.pdf.
Full textRaulin-Woznica, K. "Etude du dopage par des ions actifs et des nanoparticules semi-conductrices de matériaux sol-gel pour l'optique. Interaction dopant-matrice et croissance localisée de nanoparticules par irradiation laser." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414072.
Full textVIVARAT-PERRIN, MARIE-PIERRE. "Realisation de nouveaux supports a base de copolymeres reactifs adsorbes sur silice poreuse. Etude de leurs proprietes en chromatographie d'echange d'ions de proteines. Etude quantitative des parametres d'interaction en chromatographie d'affinite." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066363.
Full textChemmi, Houria. "Diffusion multi-échelle et sorption hydrique dans les matériaux cimentaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00671390.
Full textChemmi, Houria. "Diffusion multi-échelle et sorption hydrique dans les matériaux cimentaires." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/67/13/90/PDF/ThA_se_Houria_Chemmi.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to study the physical processes implied in the moisture transport in hardened cementitious based materials. Understanding such processes is of particular importance for improving the durability of these widely used materials. We focus on white and grey cement pastes CEM I hardened during long periods of time (up to two years) in controlled atmosphere. In order to decouple the physical processes of moisture transport in the intricated multiscales of these cement pastes, we have also considered calibrated porous materials in the range of micro-, meso and macropores. We used a multiscale NMR platform including spectroscopy, high and low field relaxometry and diffusometry. Other complementary techniques like conductivity and X-tomography have been also used. We have insisted on the possibility of controlling in situ the degree of humidity inside the different NMR probes and on the analysis of experimental data to extract representative parameters for the moisture transport. With these techniques and some original theoretical models, we have shown that the geometry and transport are highly related to the local connectivity and control directly the moisture transport on the micro-meso scales by the confinement. We succeed to explain why is so difficult to modify the moisture distribution at the micro-meso pore scales of these cement pastes. This is important for the durability of these widely used materials because more than 80% of the porosity stays in these ranges of pore sizes. We have also answered to the question concerning the impact of the surface properties and local geometries on the moisture dynamics in the micro-mesoscales of these materials. Last, we have shown the easy way of inducing modification of hydration state in the open access of the macroporosity, contrary to the large difficulty of inducing the same changes at the micro and mesoscale
Toquet, Fabien. "Study of the combined roles of the Silica/Oil/UHMWPE formulation and process parameters on morphological and electrical properties of battery Separators." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1014/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to understand the effect of the formulation and more specifically of the precipitated silica on the resistivity of the PE-separators. The PE-separators are designed for the lead-acid batteries. PE-separators are composed of precipitated silica, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) and organic oil. The first part of this work was to elaborate PE-separator models at a laboratory scale. Then, the factors impacting the structural and physico-chemicals properties of PE-separators were investigated. These factors are mainly the amounts of oil, precipitated silica, the grade of the precipitated silica, the temperature conditions of crystallization and the device used to elaborate the membrane. The influence of the amounts of oil and precipitated silica on the crystallization of the polyethylene wasthoroughly described showing that the oil helps to increase the final crystallinity of UHMWPE and that the silica plays a role of oil reservoir. Moreover, it was shown that the amount and the grade of precipitated silica have an influence on the wettable part of the porosity of the PE-separators. The coating of the pores by the precipitated silica is responsible of the wettability of the membranes by the electrolyte. Thus, an empirical parameter has been proposed in order to quantify the efficiency of the dispersion and distribution of the precipitated silica in the membrane. The more the membranes are wettable by the electrolyte the more the resistivity of the membranes is decreased. To finish, for a same amount of components and a same method of processing, it is possible to discriminate the efficiency of each grade of precipitated silica for the battery separator application
Bossert, Marine. "Étude expérimentale de la cavitation dans les milieux mésoporeux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS236.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental study of cavitation in porous silicon and porous alumina, mesoporous materials which are both generally thought to be made of straight, independent pores, with a diameter of few tens of nanometers. In order for the pores to empty through cavitation, we developed a simple technique to reduce their aperture. In the first part of the thesis, we demonstrate that cavitation occurs in nanopores. In large pores (d > 10 nm) and over a wide temperature range the cavitation thresholds measured for nitrogen are consistent with predictions from Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Far from the critical point, we observe a deviation of the order of 20% between the measured and theoretical thresholds. This deviation can be interpreted in the CNT framework by taking into account the surface tension dependence with the curvature of the bubbles. For materials with small pores - such as SBA16 (d ≈ 6 nm) - the cavitation threshold depends on the ratio between the radii of the critical nuclei and the pore, illustrating the presence of interactions between the bubble and the pore walls. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to porous silicon. Systematic measurements of adsorption isotherms with nitrogen and helium over a wide range of temperature in numerous samples suggest that the structure of porous silicon looks more like a disordered and interconnected 3D pore network than an array of straight independent pores. Moreover, sorption measurements on samples under an external stress show that the coupling between mechanics and adsorption is negligible
Malan, Daniel Francois. "Poreuse silikon as elektroniese materiaal: vervaardiging, modellering en karakterisering." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10092.
Full textPorous silicon has been obtained by anodizing monocrystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid solutions. The experimental conditions needed to obtain this material are described. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed the morphology of the pores. The diffusion-limited model is the current accepted model explaining the formation of porous silicon. The structure of porous silicon formed on lightly doped n-type silicon does, however, not agree with the morphologies predicted by the basic model. The model was·therefore extended to include the n-type observations. The observed straight pores, the fluctuation of pore length and the double layered structure were succesfully simulated. Visible photoluminescence were obtained from p-type porous silicon. The properties of the emitted light were investigated together with the quantum confinement and siloxene models describing this behaviour of porous silicon. The effect of the anodizing parameters on the electroluminescence visible during the anodic oxidation of porous silicon were investigated leading to additional proof of the quantum confinement model. A model describing the band structure of the silicon-electrolyte system during electroluminescence is proposed.