Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silicates'
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Villanova, de Benavent Cristina. "Compositional and structural characterisation of Ni-phyllosilicates in hydrous silicate type Ni-laterite deposits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396616.
Full textEls fil- losilicats de níquel (comunament anomenats "garnierites") són importants menes en molts jaciments laterítics de Ni del món. La seva caracterització, classificació i nomenclatura és complexa, ja que normalment es troben en forma de mescles íntimes de diferents fil- losilicats de gra molt fi i baixa cristal• linitat. L'objectiu d' aquesta tesi és avançar en el coneixement de la mineralogia dels fil- losilicats de Ni del dipòsit de laterites niquelíferes de Falcondo, a la República Dominicana, per mitjà de l'ús d'un ampli espectre de tècniques analítiques: difracció de pols de raig X, anàlisi tèrmica diferencial i termogravimetria, microscòpia òptica, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig, microsonda electrònica, microscòpia electrònica de transmissió, espectroscòpia Raman, espectroscòpia d' absorció de raigs X (EXAFS i XANES, amb radiació sincrotró) i per mitjà d'experiments de dissolució. Les garnierites de Falcondo es localitzen a la part baixa de l'horitzó saprolftic en forma de rebliment de fractures i vetes, i ciments i clasts en bretxes. Els principals resultats indiquen que hi ha cinc tipus de garnierites, segons el seu color, la seva mineralogia i la química mineral. La majoria són barreges de serpentina i talc hidratat (kerolita-pimelita), tot i que també hi ha fases de la sèrie sepiolita-falcondoita. La fase que concentra més Ni és la kerolita-pimelita, mentre que a la serpentina el Ni és sistemàticament molt baix i a la sepiolita-falcondoita és molt variable. Les imatges d' alta resolució obtingudes amb microscopi electrònic de transmissió indiquen que els fil- losilicats que componen les garnierites formen una gran varietat de textures: serpentina poligonal, tubs de crisòtil, lamel• les de lizardita, lamel• les de talc hidratat i cintes de sepiolita. A més, s'ha observat que la kerolita-pimelita (rica en Ni) reemplaça sistemàticament la serpentina (pobra en Ni). L'espectroscòpia Raman permet distingir els cinc tipus descrits de garnierites i per tant, s'ofereix com una tècnica ràpida, senzilla i no destructiva per analitzar aquest tipus de minerals al camp. L' absorció de raigs X per mitjà de radiació sincrotró ha permès identificar que tot el Fe contingut en les garnierites i en les serpentines de la saprolita està en forma de Fe3+, i que tot el Ni es troba acumulat formant clusters, i no pas en forma de solució sòlida homogènia, a la capa octaèdrica. Finalment, els experiments de dissolució suggereixen que les velocitats de dissolució són més ràpides en les garnierites que contenen molta serpentina, i que la dissolució no és congruent, sent el Mg el primer element en ser posat en solució, seguit del Si i del Ni.
Rogers, Jennifer Roberts. "Nutrient-driven colonization and weathering of silicates /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004368.
Full textClaireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401/document.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Claireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro: análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Full textObjetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro : análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica /." Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Full textBanca: Celso Kooji Sonoda
Banca: Sonia Regina Panzarini Barioni
Banca: Luiz Guilherme Brentegani
Banca: Osny Ferreira Júnior
Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Doutor
Boulliung, Julien. "Solubilité, spéciation et diffusion de l'azote dans les verres et silicates fondus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0254.
Full textNitrogen (N) belongs to the volatile elements (like hydrogen and carbon) that are essential for life on Earth. The behavior of N during high temperature geological processes, such as during magmatic processes, remains poorly understood. This study focuses on N solubility, speciation, and diffusion in silicate glasses and melts to better understand the N behavior during these processes. N solubility in silicate melts was studied for different melt compositions and for a wide range of fO₂ (IW –8 to IW +4.1) at 1425°C and 1 atm. The data obtained highlight the fundamental control of fO₂ and the degree of polymerization of the silicate melt on N solubility. These new data suggest that a mafic to ultra-mafic magma ocean could have incorporated a similar or higher amount of N compared to the actual bulk silicate Earth, suggesting that N may have been to the atmosphere and/or stored in Earth's deep interior (i.e., deep mantle, core). For the study of N diffusion in silicate glasses and melts, experimental and analytical developments were necessary. The first diffusion coefficient of N (as N³⁻) in silicate melts was determined from uni-axial diffusion experiments in a basaltic andesitic melt (4.2 × 10⁻⁸ cm².s⁻¹). The data highlight that N³⁻ diffusivity depends on melt composition. This dependence on the melt composition is more important than that of argon (Ar). Furthermore, N³⁻ diffusion is significantly slower than that of Ar in similar silicate melts, implying that N/Ar ratios can be fractionated during reducing magmatic processes (e.g., during Earth's magma ocean stage)
Hazm, Jamal Eddine. "Silicates et aluminosilicates microporeux obtenus en milieu fluoré avec, comme structurants, le 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (DABCO) ou le 1-azabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (quinuclidine)." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0238.
Full textBartelmehs, Kurt Lane. "Modeling the properties of silicates." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164529/.
Full textMcCollam, Bridget E. "Thermochemistry of a synthetic Na-Mg rich triple-chain silicate determination of thermodynamic variables and geological applications /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Find full textDeus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Full textNo sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag (“agrosilício”) (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes 1983. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto /." Botucatu :, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Full textBanca: Rosemary Marques de A. Bertani
Banca: Marcelo Andreotti
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Resumo: No sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
Abstract: In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag ("agrosilício") (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Doutor
Roberts, Alexander John. "Tailored synthetic silicates for deNOx catalysis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843099/.
Full textMolster, Frans Johan. "Crystalline silicates in circumstellar dust shells." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/91412.
Full textGudbrandsson, Snorri. "Vitesses d'altération expérimentales des silicates d'aluminium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933440.
Full textDiddams, P. A. "Sheet silicates : structure and catalytic properties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356665.
Full textEddy, M. M. "Structural studies on some framework silicates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379871.
Full textBovey, J. "Modified layered silicates as acid catalysts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596810.
Full textGambhir, Manoj. "Models of phase transitions in silicates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624645.
Full textJarry, Philippe. "Thermodynamique et rhéologie des silicates fondus." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066189.
Full textGudbrandsson, Snorri. "Experimental weathering rates of aluminium-silicates." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2225/.
Full textThe chemical weathering of primary rocks and minerals in natural systems has a major impact on soil development and its composition. Chemical weathering is driven to a large extent by mineral dissolution. Through mineral dissolution, elements are released into groundwater and can readily react to precipitate secondary minerals such as clays, zeolites, and carbonates. Carbonates form from divalent cations (e. G. Ca, Fe and Mg) and CO2, and kaolin clay and gibbsite formation is attributed to the weathering of aluminium- rich minerals, most notably the feldspars. The CarbFix Project in Hellisheiði SW-Iceland aims to use natural weathering processes to form carbonate minerals by the re-injection of CO2 from a geothermal power plant back into surrounding basaltic rocks. This process is driven by the dissolution of basaltic rocks, rich in divalent cations, which can combine with injected CO2 to form and precipitate carbonates. This thesis focuses on the dissolution behaviour of Stapafell crystalline basalt, which consists of three major phases (plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine) and is rich in divalent cations. Steady-state element release rates from crystalline basalt at far-from-equilibrium conditions were measured at pH from 2 to 11 and temperatures from 5° to 75° C in mixed-flow reactors. Steady-state Si and Ca release rates exhibit a U-shaped variation with pH, where rates decrease with increasing pH at acid condition but increase with increasing pH at alkaline conditions. Silicon release rates from crystalline basalt are comparable to Si release rates from basaltic glass of the same chemical composition at low pH and temperatures =25°C but slower at alkaline pH and temperatures =50°C. In contrast, Mg and Fe release rates decrease continuously with increasing pH at all temperatures. This behaviour is interpreted to stem from the contrasting dissolution behaviours of the three major minerals comprising the basalt: plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Element release rates estimated from the sum of the volume fraction normalized dissolution rates of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine are within one order of magnitude of those measured in this study. In addition, these experimental results show that during injection of CO2-charged waters with pH close to 3. 6, crystalline basalt preferentially releases Mg and Fe relative to Ca to the fluid phase. The injection of acidic CO2-charged fluids into crystalline basaltic rocks may therefore favour the formation of Mg and Fe carbonates rather than calcite at acidic to neutral conditions. Plagioclase is the most abundant phase in crystalline basalts and thus influences strongly its reactivity. Plagioclase dissolution rates based on Si release show a common U-shaped behaviour as a function of pH where rates decrease with increasing pH at acid condition but increase with increasing pH at alkaline conditions. Constant pH plagioclase dissolution rates increase with increasing anorthite content at acid conditions, in agreement with literature findings. Interpretation and data fitting suggests that plagioclase dissolution rates are consistent with their control by the detachment of Si-rich activated complexes formed by the removal of Al from the mineral framework. Most notably, compared with previous assumptions, plagioclase dissolution rates are independent of plagioclase composition at alkaline conditions, e. G. Anorthite-rich plagioclase dissolution rates increase with increasing pH at alkaline conditions. At such conditions rapid plagioclase dissolution rates likely dominate divalent metal release from crystalline basalts to the fluids phase due to its high Ca content. Gibbsite is commonly the first mineral formed during low temperature dissolution of plagioclase. Gibbsite is an aluminium-hydroxide that is found in various soils as well as the dominant phase in many bauxite ores. Gibbsite precipitation rates were measured in closed system reactors at alkaline condition, both at 25 °C and 80 °C as a function of fluid saturation state. Analyses of the solids demonstrate that gibbsite precipitation occurred in all experiments. The comparison of gibbsite precipitation to the dissolution rates of plagioclase at pH 11 shows that the rates are close to equal. The precipitation rates of gibbsite, however, decrease faster with decreasing pH than plagioclase dissolution rates. As such it seem likely that plagioclase dissolution is faster than gibbsite precipitation at near to neutral pH, and the relatively slow rate of gibbsite precipitation influences plagioclase weathering in many Earth surface systems. Kaolinite is commonly the second secondary mineral formed during low temperature dissolution of plagioclase. Kaolinite precipitation rates were measured in mixed flow reactors as a function of fluid saturation state at pH=4 and 25 °C. In total eight long-term precipitation experiments were performed in fluids mildly supersaturated with respect to kaolinite, together with a known quantity of cleaned low defect Georgia Kaolinite as seeds. Measured kaolinite precipitation rates are relatively slow compared with plagioclase dissolution rates. This observation suggests that kaolinite formation during weathering is limited by its precipitation rates rather than by the availability of aqueous species sourced from plagioclase dissolution. Taken together the results of this study provide some of the fundamental scientific basic for predicting the rates and consequences of crystalline basalt and plagioclase dissolution at both the Earth's surface and during the near surface injection of CO2 as part of carbon storage efforts. Results indicate that although gibbsite precipitation rates are relatively rapid, the relatively slow precipitation rates of kaolinite may be the process controlling the formation of this mineral at the Earth's surface. This observation highlights the need to further quantify this secondary mineral precipitation rates at conditions typical at the Earth's surface. Moreover, as the composition of divalent metals released from crystalline basalts varies significantly with pH, CO2 carbonation in basalt should yield a systematic variation in the identity of carbonate and zeolite minerals precipitated with distance from the injection site. This latter conclusion can be tested directly as part of the currently on-going CarbFix project in Hellisheiði, Iceland
Yang, Xiaofang. "Interactions between iron oxides and silicates /." Luleå : Division of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, 2008. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2008/31/.
Full textMagdaliniuk, Sandrine. "Biodisponibilité du naphtalène dans des suspensions argileuses." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0457_MAGDALINIUK.pdf.
Full textThe principle aim of this work is to determine the parameters limiting the bioavailability of organic compounds in the environment. For this study, we used naphthalene, a poorly soluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as model of organic compound. The biodegradation of naphthalene by Burkholderia cepacia was studied in the presence of different clay particles in suspension: Namontmorillonite which does not retain naphthalene (Kp=0mLg-1), two materials with narrow retention capacity, montmorillonite/polyacrylamide complex (Kp=40mLg-1) and a river sediment (Kp=20mLg-1), and an organo-clay which sorbes naphthalene in high quantities (Kp=5920mLg-1). Only a slight and non significant modification of the biodegradation rate of naphtalene are observed in the presence of the complex maybe due to the small concentration of particles (< 0,5gL-1). With the sediment, the quantities of biodegraded naphthtalene and the biodegradation rates are increased, explained by the biodegradable organic carbon and the indigeneous microorganisms canied out by the sediment. However, the presence of 0. 5gL-1 montmorillonite (non sorbant) and 0. 5gL-1 of B34 (high sorbant) decreases by a factor about 3 the biodegradation rates. Several experimentations show that neither external mass transfer, neither internaI mass transfer are responsible for the reduction of bioavailability of naphthalene. By its high cationic exchange capacity, Na-montmorillonite retain oligoelements, limiting their bioavailability. Naphthalene sorption by organo clay B34 is responsible for the decrease of its concentration in solution, explaining the slower biodegradation kinetics. In conclusion, the modification of the biodegradation kinetics are related to the bioavailability of the compound and also of the bioavailability of other mineral compounds
Farges, François. "Organisation locale autour de Zr, Th et U dans des silicates amorphes : minéraux métamictes et verres silicates." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077052.
Full textAouad, Georges Crovisier Jean-Louis Stille Peter. "Influence de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sur la dégradation de silicates incidence sur la stabilité de matrices de confinement de déchets et d'un machefer industriel /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000509.
Full textNeuville, Daniel R. "Propriétés thermodynamiques et rhéologiques des silicates fondus." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077141.
Full textErmochine, Vladimir. "Apport de la chimie quantique à l'étude des aluminosilicates et de surfaces de silice et silicium." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-240.pdf.
Full textVickers, Samantha G. "2D PASS-CPMG a new NMR method for quantifying structure in non-crystalline solids /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1238098414.
Full textDijkstra, Catharinus. "Silicates and water ice around evolved stars." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/92484.
Full textWall, Gurvinder Kaur. "The chemistry of synthetic and mineral silicates." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1992. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6335/.
Full textByrne, C. P. "Modification of layered silicates for PET nanocomposites." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431475.
Full textMarlow, D. J. "Organically modified silicates as dye laser media." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395446.
Full textBarker, Carolyn Marie. "Catalytic processes in porous transition metal silicates." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271958.
Full textCrichton, Alexander. "Equations of state of dense hydrous silicates." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395821.
Full textZgambo, Thomas P. (Thomas Patrick). "Calcium Silicates: Glass Content and Hydration Behavior." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332357/.
Full textMathieu, Romain. "Solubilité du sodium dans les silicates fondus." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL044N/document.
Full textAlkalis in molten silicates have a complex behaviour, changing from lithophile to volatile elements depending on temperature and/or reducing conditions. However, due to the lack of experimental data concerning activity/composition relationships, there is no thermodynamic model available to describe alkali solubility in silicate melts, and their partitioning between melts, minerals and gases. In order to tackle this issue, we have developed a new device for the determination of sodium oxide activity in silicate melts by equilibration of melts with gaseous environment of known Na partial pressure at high temperature and fixed oxygen fugacity (PO2) following: Na(gaz) +1/2 O2(gaz) = Na2O(liq). Using equilibrium data we have establish a model able to predict the sodium solubility and activity in silicate melt belonging CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system, at differents PNa and temperatures, as a function of optical basicity, i.e. melt composition. These results have allowed us to determine new type of phase diagram at isoPNa. Finally, this study have to many applications in cosmochemistry, steel and magmatic process
Edwards, A. R. "Defects and diffusion in garnet structured silicates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606285.
Full textRzeplinski, Igor. "Implications de la chimie du xénon sur les contextes planétaire et nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS268.
Full textXenon (Xe) is the heaviest element among the stable noble gases series. This element undergoes a geochemical paradox involving its elemental abundance and its isotopic fractionation. Several theories has been proposed as solutions. Here we investigate the hypothesis of Xe incorporation in silicates at moderate pressure. Samples are made from natural mineral powders loaded with Xe-enriched gas, heated up to a temperature between 800 and 1,400 °C under 3.5 GPa. A significant isotopic fractionation is observed for 11 samples showing a maximum value d(Xe) = 2.30 ± 0.19 ‰ per atomic mass unit. Based on these results, we propose a scenario as the Xe paradox solution (Rzeplinski et al., 2022). It consists firstly in the incorporation of Xe in crystals solidifying from successive magma oceans within the 100 first million years of Earth existence. This incorporation favors the heaviest isotopes retention within minerals. Then, each planetesimal impact generating a new magma ocean triggers the escape of a significant part of the atmosphere, which is lost to space. Finally, Xe contained into silicates progressively degas and overprints the chondritic signature of the secondary atmosphere until reaching nowadays observed value. This scenario can be extended to Mars. In addition, our work provides us phases containing up to 0.318 ± 0.016 n%Xe. Those materials could have a potential application in nuclear industry. By delaying the appearance of Xe bubbles in the fuel, its burnup could be increased
Jones, Alison. "Ionic mobility in stuffed-silica minerals." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/19720/.
Full textIliev, Plamen. "The effect of silicate ions released from silicate-substituted calcium phosphates (Actifuse) on human osteoblast cell behaviour." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201664.
Full textQuandalle, Christophe. "Etude spectroscopique de l'activation alcaline de silicoaluminate." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10022.
Full textJullien, Michel. "Polytypisme, ordre d'empilement et interstratification dans la cookéite et les phyllosilicates non micacés du métamorphisme : influence de la pression /." Rennes : Université de Rennes I, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370190508.
Full textDemyk, Karine. "Les silicates interstellaires : composition physico-chimique et évolution." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010953.
Full textJiang, Zhimei. "Structural investigations of layered silicates by vibrational spectroscopy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31440.pdf.
Full textLeyva, Francisco Jose. "The role of silicates in interstitial lung disease." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05112007-132055/.
Full textSchultz, Peter Kasimir. "Structural relationships in layer silicates and their intercalates /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs387.pdf.
Full textRobertson, Claire J. "Novel mesoporous silicates as indoor air pollutant scavengers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21847.
Full textVidgeon, E. A. "The chemistry of polyorganosiloxanes prepared from mineral silicates." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333063.
Full textMarks, Geoffrey Philip. "Some reactions of polyorganosiloxanes derived from mineral silicates." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329826.
Full textLigny, Dominique de. "Proprietes thermiques de mineraux et de silicates vitreux." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077088.
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