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Journal articles on the topic 'Silicated'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Labjar, Houda, and Hassan Chaair. "Synthesis and characterization of apatite silicated powders with wet precipitation method." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400106.

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The synthesis of apatite silicated Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x (SiHA) with 0≤x≤2 was investigated using a wet precipitation method followed by heat treatment using calcium carbonate CaCO3 and phosphoric acid H3PO4 and silicon tetraacetate SiC8H20O4 (TEOS) in medium of water ethanol, with three different silicate concentrations. After drying, the samples are ground and then characterized by different analytical techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis.

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2

Yi, Li, Gianguido Ramis, Guido Busca, and Vincenzo Lorenzelli. "Characterization of silicated anatase powders." Journal of Materials Chemistry 4, no. 11 (1994): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9940401755.

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3

Kostanovskiy, A. V., M. G. Zeodinov, M. E. Kostanovskaya, and A. A. Pronkin. "Electrical Resistivity of Silicated Silicon Carbide." High Temperature 56, no. 5 (September 2018): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x18050152.

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4

YI, L., G. RAMIS, G. BUSCA, and V. LORENZELLI. "ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Silicated Anatase Powders." ChemInform 26, no. 10 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199510016.

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5

Rubtsov, A. V., D. N. Shermatov, A. I. Khabibullin, U. Yu Strokina, and T. D. Batyrgareev. "Formation of silicated layer of austenitic pipe steel with different pipe sizes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 022069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022069.

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Abstract Tubular furnaces of hazardous production facilities are unique technical devices, and serve for open fire heating of various process media to relatively high temperatures. Some of the furnaces, such as pyrolysis furnaces, hydrogen conversions are also reactors that serve to decompose the hydrocarbon feedstock into separate components. The most important element of the structure is a tubular coil. The effect of high temperatures and working media on the coil metal inevitably leads to metal degradation by forming various defects, changing the structure and mechanical properties for the worse. One of the most unfavorable moments is considered saturation of the surface layers of the metal with carbon or another - carburization of the metal. When the metal is carburized, its embrittlement occurs and the probability of brittle destruction increases. All this can lead to frequent shutdown of furnaces for repairs and significant costs. One way to contain the active diffusion of carbon into the metal may be to silicate the surface of the coil elements using different silicating mixtures, since silicon can effectively delay carbon incorporation. In this work, studies are carried out on the peculiarities of the formation of a silicated layer in fragments of pipes with dimensions of 160x6 mm, 32x2 mm, 57x4 mm made of steel 08Kh18N10T depending on the holding time in the silicating mixture.

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6

Holt, Stephen A., Philip A. Reynolds, and John W. White. "Growth of silicated films at the solid/liquid interface." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2, no. 24 (2000): 5667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b007606f.

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7

Bouregba, Adil, and Adeljebbar Diouri. "Silicocarnotite Synthesis and Bioactivity in Artificial Saliva Medium." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 38 (August 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.38.38.

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The aim of this study is the synthesis and investigation of bioactive response of acrystalline silicophosphate.A monophasic silicocarnotite was elaborated by solid state reaction from a mixture of beta-tricaliciumphosphate and dicalcium silicate based on mussel shells according to the diagram of system Ca3(PO4)2–Ca2SiO4, at 65 % and 35% respectively , these starting materials are heated up to 1450 °C to obtain a monophasic silicocaronitite. The obtained result probed that the main crystalline phase which was detected and recognized in the heated sample at 1400 and 1450 °C was a well-crystallized silicocarnotite. The test of bioactivity of silicocarnotite in artificial saliva causes the appearance of a reaction layer on the materials surface after 4 hours soaking and growth up during 30 days.This layer is constituted of a biphasic mixture of Si–Ca–P–H material, silicated hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite phase are the mainly developing ones with increasing soaking time.The analysis and characterization of the precipitated appearing on the material surface has confirmed experimentally the in vitro bioactivity of silicocarnotite monophasic material.

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8

Palard, Mickael, J. Combes, Eric Champion, and Didier Bernache-Assollant. "Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Si-Substituted HA Ceramics with Controlled Composition." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.1059.

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This work aimed at preparing dense and monophasic silicated hydroxyapatite ceramics over the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 mol of silicon. The synthesis of the powder via an aqueous precipitation process followed by an adapted thermal treatment showed that it was possible to obtain dense single-phased apatite ceramics containing up to 0.6 mol of silicon. The in vitro biological characterization of these materials was performed.

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9

Xiao, Yong Feng, Bao Dong Wang, Xiao Ting Liu, Xiao Huan Wang, Li Jun Zhao, Geng Zhi Yu, and Qi Sun. "Mechanism and Kinetics Study of Sintering Process for Alumina Recovery from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2824.

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In this paper, the de-silicated fly ash (DSFA) was sintered with soda and calcium oxide. Detailed analysis and characterization was carried out by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Two dominant reactions take place in the sintering process. The kinetics was studied by using Jander mode, and the sintering activation energies were determined based on the weight loss of CO2.

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10

Staroszczyk, Hanna, and Piotr Janas. "Microwave-assisted preparation of potato starch silicated with silicic acid." Carbohydrate Polymers 81, no. 3 (July 2010): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.017.

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11

Siniscalco, David, Maggy Dutreilh-Colas, Zahi Hjezi, Julie Cornette, Nadia El Felss, Eric Champion, and Chantal Damia. "Functionalization of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics: Raman Mapping Investigation of Silanization." Ceramics 2, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2020029.

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Surface modification of bioceramic materials by covalent immobilization of biomolecules is a promising way to improve their bioactivity. This approach implies the use of organic anchors to introduce functional groups on the inorganic surface on which the biomolecules will be immobilized. In this process, the density and surface distribution of biomolecules, and in turn the final biological properties, are strongly influenced by those of the anchors. We propose a new approach based on Raman 2D mapping to evidence the surface distribution of organosilanes, frequently used as anchors on biomaterial surfaces on hydroxyapatite and silicated hydroxyapatite ceramics. Unmodified and silanized ceramic surfaces were characterized by means of contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman mapping. Contact angle measurements and AFM topographies confirmed the surface modification. Raman mapping highlighted the influence of both the ceramic’s composition and silane functionality (i.e., the number of hydrolysable groups) on the silane surface distribution. The presence of hillocks was shown, evidencing a polymerization and/or an aggregation of the molecules whatever the silane and the substrates were. The substitution of phosphate groups by silicate groups affects the covering, and the spots are more intense on SiHA than on HA.

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12

Finocchio, Elisabetta, Guido Busca, Stefano Rossini, Ugo Cornaro, Valerio Piccoli, and Roberta Miglio. "FT-IR characterization of silicated aluminas, active olefin skeletal isomerization catalysts." Catalysis Today 33, no. 1-3 (January 1997): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00106-x.

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13

Nilsen, Bjoern P., Julia H. Onuferko, and Bruce C. Gates. "Silicated aluminas prepared from tetraethoxysilane: catalysts for skeletal isomerization of butenes." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 25, no. 3 (August 1986): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i100023a006.

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14

Desport, Barthélémy, Joëlle Carpena, Jean-Louis Lacout, Daniel Borschneck, and Jérôme Gattacceca. "Characterization of a calcium phospho-silicated apatite with iron oxide inclusions." Journal of Crystal Growth 316, no. 1 (February 2011): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.12.054.

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15

Montes-Sotomayor, S., R. Houot, and M. Kongolo. "Flotation of silicated gangue iron ores: Mechanism and effect of starch." Minerals Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(97)00139-8.

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16

Parven, Kausar, Noorulain Soomro, Rafique Ahmed Lashari, and Fahim Ashrad. "Xylotomical Comparision of Fossil Wood with Living Wood of the Sapotaceae Family, from Manchar Formation Exposed at Thano Bula Khan, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.." Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 01 (August 30, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.11.

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A new silicated wood fossil related to the Sapotaceae family was identified from Quaternary Manchar beds of Thano Bula Khan (Paleoforest), Jamshoro, Pakistan. The xylotomic characteristics of the present fossil wood, i.e., diffuse porous wood, parenchyma tissue structure, rays and pits indicated close attributes with the genus Sapota belonging to family Sapotaceaee. The taphonomic evidence of the fossilized remains inferred that the tree from possessing fossilized wood was developed in situ, but was carried into the current location from another region.

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17

Rogers, Keegan, Arthur Stem, Carlos Roncal, Richard Johnson, and Jared Brown. "63 A Case for Amorphous Silica Nanoparticle Exposure in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): i54—i55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.132.

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Abstract We have hypothesized that sugarcane burning in developing countries contributes to an endemic kidney pathology in agricultural workers called chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu). Elemental analysis shows that sugarcane stalks contain a high percentage of amorphous silica (SiO2). Therefore, we hypothesized that burning of sugarcane generates silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) that present an inhalation hazard to these agricultural workers. To determine if SiNPs are present in sugarcane ash and kidney biopsies from agricultural workers, we utilized single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and found SiNPs, which ranged in size from 190-212 nm, in sugarcane ash. In a small cohort of CKDu patients from El Salvador and Mexico, we found a significant increase in the number of SiNPs in their kidney biopsies within a similar size range as observed in sugarcane ash. Additionally, Wistar rats exposed to sugarcane ash intranasally for 24 weeks developed focal injury in the tubulointerstitium and glomeruli with deposition of SiNPs in the kidney. To further determine the cellular effects of SiNPs, we exposed human proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells to sugarcane ash, de-silicated ash, or sugarcane ash derived SiNPs. Despite not being directly cytotoxic to PCT cells at 24 hrs, SiNPs were taken up and generated reactive oxygen species. Vimentin staining confirmed PCT cells underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) following treatment with ash or SiNPs but not with de-silicated ash. These findings suggest SiNPs present in sugarcane ash are capable of driving EMT in PCT cells potentially contributing to a CKDu phenotype.

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18

Liu, Y. D., and H. J. Choi. "Carbon nanotube-coated silicated soft magnetic carbonyl iron microspheres and their magnetorheology." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07B502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670603.

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19

Wheeler, Donna L., Louis G. Jenis, Matthew E. Kovach, Jason Marini, and A. Simon Turner. "Efficacy of silicated calcium phosphate graft in posterolateral lumbar fusion in sheep." Spine Journal 7, no. 3 (May 2007): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2006.01.005.

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20

Holt, S. A., J. L. Ruggles, P. A. Reynolds, and J. W. White. "Structural development of silicated films self-assembled at the air–water interface." Physica B: Condensed Matter 336, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(03)00289-8.

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21

Rabiee, Sayed Mahmood, Roya Ravarian, Mohammad Mehmanchi, Parastoo Khoshakhlagh, and Misaq Azizian. "Effect of alumina on microstructure and compressive strength of a porous silicated hydroxyapatite." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 12, no. 2 (November 7, 2012): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.2012.9772.

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22

Stöcker, Michael, Trygve Riis, Harald Hagen, Lars Skattebøl, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen, Ragnar Ryhage, and Roland Isaksson. "Double Bond and Skeletal Isomerization of 1-Butene over Lanthanum-Modified Silicated Alumina." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 40b (1986): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.40b-0200.

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23

Palard, Mickaël, Eric Champion, and Sylvie Foucaud. "Synthesis of silicated hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6−x(SiO4)x(OH)2−x." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181, no. 8 (August 2008): 1950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2008.04.027.

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24

Panteix, P. J., E. Béchade, I. Julien, P. Abélard, and D. Bernache-Assollant. "Influence of anionic vacancies on the ionic conductivity of silicated rare earth apatites." Materials Research Bulletin 43, no. 5 (May 2008): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.05.030.

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25

Gomes, F. J., J. L. M. Rangel, N. G. Marques, R. X. Vieira, M. J. M. Trópia, I. M. Castro, and R. L. Brandão. "Solubilization of zinc and nickel from different silicated minerals by bacteria and fungi." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)84392-7.

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26

Willems, Luc, André Pouclet, and Jean-Paul Vicat. "Existence of karsts into silicated non-carbonated crystalline rocks in Sahelian and Equatorial Africa, hydrogeological implications." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.4.337.

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Abstract Various cavities studied in western Niger and South Cameroon show the existence of important karstic phenomena into metagabbros and gneisses. These large-sized caves resulted from generalized dissolution of silicate formations in spite of their low solubility. Karstification is produced by deep hydrous transfer along lithological discontinuities and fracture net works. The existence of such caves has major implications in geomorphology, under either Sahelian and Equatorial climate, and in hydrogeology and water supply, particularly in the Sahel area. Introduction. – Since a few decades, several karst-like morphologies are described in non-carbonated rocks (sandstones, quartzites, schistes, gneisses…) [Wray, 1997 ; Vicat and Willems, 1998 ; Willems, 2000]. The cave of Guéssédoundou in West Niger seems to be due to a large dissolution of metagabbros. The cave of Mfoula, South Cameroon, attests for the same process in gneisses. This forms proof that big holes may exist deeper in the substratum even of non-carbonated silicate rocks. Their size and number could mainly influence the landscape and the hydrogeology, especially in the Sahelian areas. Guéssédoundou, a cave into metagabbros in West Niger. – The site of Guéssédoundou is located 70 km south-west of Niamey (fig. 1). The cave is opened at the top of a small hill, inside in NNE-SSW elongated pit (fig. 2 ; pl. I A). The hole, 3 to 4 m deep and 20 m large, has vertical walls and contains numerous sub-metric angular blocks. A cave, a few meters deep, comes out the south wall. Bedrocks consist of metagabbros of the Makalondi greenstone belt, a belt of the Palaeoproterozoic Birimian Formations of the West Africa craton [Pouclet et al., 1990]. The rock has a common granular texture with plagioclases, partly converted in albite and clinozoisite, and pyroxenes pseudomorphosed in actinote and chlorite. It is rather fairly altered. Chemical composition is mafic and poorly alkaline (tabl. I). A weak E-W schistosity generated with the epizonal thermometamorphism. The site depression was created along a N010o shear zone where rocks suffered important fracturation and fluid transfers, as shown by its silification and ferruginisation. The absence of human activity traces and the disposition of the angular blocks attest that the pit is natural and was due to the collapse of the roof of a vast cavity whose current cave is only the residual prolongation. To the vertical walls of the depression and at the cave entry, pluridecimetric hemispheric hollows are observed (pl. I B). Smooth morphology and position of these hollows sheltered within the depression dismiss the assumptions of formation by mechanical erosion. In return, these features are typical shape of dissolution processes observed into limestone karstic caves. That kind of process must be invoked to explain the opening of the Guéssédoundou cave, in the total lack of desagregation materials. Dissolution of metagabbro occurred during hydrous transfer, which was probably guided by numerous fractures of the shear zone. Additional observations have been done in the Sirba Valley, where similar metabasite rocks constitute the substratum, with sudden sinking of doline-like depressions and evidence of deep cavities by core logging [Willems et al., 1993, 1996]. It is concluded that karstic phenomena may exist even in silica-aluminous rocks of crystalline terrains, such as the greenstones of a Precambrian craton. Mfoula a cave into gneisses in South Cameroon. – The cave of Mfoula is located 80 km north-east of Yaoundé (fig. 3). It is the second largest cave of Cameroon, more than 5,000 m3, with a large opening in the lower flank of a deep valley (pl. I C). The cavity is about 60 m long, 30 m large and 5 to 12 m high (fig. 4; pl. I D). It is hollowed in orthogneisses belonging to the Pan-African Yaoundé nappe. Rocks exhibit subhorizontal foliation in two superposed lithological facies: the lower part is made of amphibole- and garnet-bearing layered gneisses, and the upper part, of more massive granulitic gneisses. Average composition is silico-aluminous and moderately alkaline (tabl. I). The cave is made of different chambers separated by sub-cylindrical pillars. The ceiling of the main chamber, 6 m in diameter, is dome-shaped with a smooth surface (D, fig. 4). The walls have also a smooth aspect decorated with many hemispherical hollows. The floor is flat according to the rock foliation. They are very few rock debris and detrital fragments and no traces of mechanical erosion and transport. The general inner morphology is amazingly similar to that of a limestone cave. The only way to generate such a cavity is to dissolve the rock by water transfer. To test the effect of the dissolution process, we analysed a clayey residual sampled in an horizontal fracture of the floor (tabl. I). Alteration begins by plagioclases in producing clay minerals and in disagregating the rock. However, there is no more clay and sand material. That means all the silicate minerals must have been eliminated. Dissolution of silicates is a known process in sandstone and quartzite caves. It may work as well in gneisses. To fasten the chemical action, we may consider an additional microbial chemolitotrophe activity. The activity of bacteria colonies is known in various rocks and depths, mainly in the aquifer [Sinclair and Ghiorse, 1989 ; Stevens and McKinley, 1995]. The formation of the Mfoula cave is summarized as follow (fig. 5). Meteoric water is drained down along sub-vertical fractures and then along horizontal discontinuities of the foliation, particularly in case of lithological variations. Chemical and biological dissolution is working. Lateral transfers linked to the aquifer oscillations caused widening of the caves. Dissolved products are transported by the vertical drains. Regressive erosion of the valley, linked to the epeirogenic upwelling due to the volcano-tectonic activity of the Cameroon Line, makes the cavities come into sight at the valley flanks. Discussion and conclusion. – The two examples of the Guéssédoundou and Mfoula caves evidence the reality of the karsts in non-carbonated silicated rocks. The karst term is used to design ≫ any features of the classical karst morphology (caves, dolines, lapies…) where dissolution plays the main genetical action ≫ [Willems, 2000]. Our observations indicate that (i) the karst genesis may have occurred into any kind of rocks, and (ii) the cave formation is not directly dependent of the present climate. These facts have major consequences to hydrogeological investigations, especially for water supply in Sahelian and sub-desertic countries. Some measurements of water transfer speed across either sedimentary pelitic strata of the Continental terminal or igneous rocks of the substratum in West Niger [Estèves and Lenoir, 1996 ; Ousmane et al., 1984] proved that supplying of aquifers in these silico-aluminous rocks may be as fast as in a karstic limestone. That means the West Niger substratum is highly invaded by a karstic net and may hidden a lot of discontinuous aquifers. The existence of this karst system can be easily shown by morphological observations, the same that are done in karstic limestone regions (abnormally suspended dry valleys, collapses, dolines…). Clearly, this must be the guide for any search of water, even in desertic areas where limestones are absent.

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27

Kamboj, Sunil, and Vikas Rana. "Formulation optimization of aprepitant microemulsion-loaded silicated corn fiber gum particles for enhanced bioavailability." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 42, no. 8 (December 21, 2015): 1267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2015.1122611.

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28

Lasgorceix, M., A. M. Costa, E. Mavropoulos, M. Sader, M. Calasans, M. N. Tanaka, A. Rossi, C. Damia, R. Chotard-Ghodsnia, and E. Champion. "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of silicated hydroxyapatite and impact of insulin adsorption." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 25, no. 10 (May 25, 2014): 2383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5237-x.

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29

Fu, Chang Qing, Meng Xu, Zheng Yang, Qing Gui Lv, and Liang Shen. "Emulsifier-Free Core-Shell Hybrid Latexes from Castor Oil-Based Waterborne Polyurethane and Polyacrylate Containing Fluorine and Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1620.

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The core-shell polyurethane-acrylate(PUA) emulsion containing fluorine and silicon in the core was synthesized by “one-pot” emulsion polymerization in the presence of castor oil-based polyurethane without traditional emulsifier, using methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA) as the main monomers, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (G04), γ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH-570) as the functional monomers. The structure and properties of the fluorinated-silicated PUA and their films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and contact angle testing. The results showed that fluorine and silicon monomers had effectively copolymerized with acrylic monomers and a core-shell structure in the latex was formed. The water contact angle for film-air interface is 92.5o, and the cetane contact angle for film-air interface is 47.5 o.

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30

Juwono, Ariadne L., and Handoko Subawi. "The Treated Rice Straw as Potentially Feedstock of Wood and Rice Straw Fiber Blend for Pulp and Paper Making Industry." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.318.

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The study aimed to describe the alkaline treatment advantage to remove ash component from natural rice straws. Most of the ash component in the rice straw is silica. High ash content is particularly harmful to cutting tools and to chemical to recovery systems in the pulp paper industry. In this study, the silica content has been removed simply through by immersion process in the 5% sodium hydroxide solution to obtain de-silicated rice straw. The study revealed the effectiveness of this alkaline process and the compatibility in commercial practice. The rice straw pulping is considered competitively to complement the global demand of raw material in paper production. Therefore, the treated rice straw plays an important role in providing raw material in the form of wood and rice straw blend feedstock for pulp and paper industry.

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31

Jouini, Houda, Imène Mejri, Joaquin Martinez-Ortigosa, Jose L. Cerrillo, Mourad Mhamdi, Antonio E. Palomares, Gérard Delahay, and Teresa Blasco. "Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia over Fe-Cu modified highly silicated zeolites." Solid State Sciences 84 (October 2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.08.008.

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32

Haouas, Mohamed, David P. Petry, Michael W. Anderson, and Francis Taulelle. "29Si NMR Relaxation of Silicated Nanoparticles in Tetraethoxysilane−Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide−Water System (TEOS−TPAOH−H2O)." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, no. 25 (May 29, 2009): 10838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp903454f.

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33

Buskens, Pascal, Maurice Mourad, Nicole Meulendijks, Renz van Ee, Marieke Burghoorn, Marcel Verheijen, and Emile van Veldhoven. "Highly porous, ultra-low refractive index coatings produced through random packing of silicated cellulose nanocrystals." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 487 (December 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.09.041.

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34

Walsh, William, Rema Oliver, Tian Wang, Daniel Wills, Jordan Conway, Thomas Buckland, and Iain R. Gibson. "235. Evaluation of a nanosynthetic silicated calcium phosphate putty in a posterolateral rabbit spinal fusion model." Spine Journal 20, no. 9 (September 2020): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2020.05.646.

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35

Carpéna, Joëlle, Laurent Boyer, Michel Fialin, Jean-Robert Kiénast, and Jean-Louis Lacout. "Ca2+, PO, SiO44− coupled substitution in the apatitic structure: stability of the mono-silicated fluor-britholite." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 333, no. 7 (October 2001): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(01)01656-1.

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36

Soulet, Stéphane, Joëlle Carpéna, Jacques Chaumont, Jean-Claude Krupa, and Marie-Odile Ruault. "Determination of the defect creation mechanism in the mono-silicated fluoroapatite. Disorder modeling under repository conditions." Journal of Nuclear Materials 299, no. 3 (December 2001): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00697-3.

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37

Xu, Hongsheng, Chang Wei, Cunxiong Li, Zhigan Deng, Gang Fan, Minting Li, and Xingbin Li. "Selective recovery of valuable metals from partial silicated sphalerite at elevated temperature with sulfuric acid solution." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 20, no. 4 (July 2014): 1373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.07.021.

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38

Baraček, Jan, Martin Palou, Jiří Másilko, Jaromír Wasserbauer, František Šoukal, Tomáš Opravil, and Martin Boháč. "Application of Sol-Gel Method to Investigate the Influence of P₂O₅ on the Course of Reactions in CaO-SiO₂ System." Materials Science Forum 851 (April 2016): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.851.92.

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The effect of P2O5 addition on the calcium silicate phase equilibrium during the sol-gel synthesis of dicalcium silicate was investigated using Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It is established that phosphorous oxide can form solid solution with dicalcium silicate, but its causes the formation of phosphatic calcium silicate phases such as Ca14.92 (PO4)2.35(SiO4)5.65 and 5CaO.SiO2.P2O5 also. Local analysis has demonstrated the presence of calcium phosphate epicenters containing silicon oxide and calcium silicate zones with minimum content of phosphorous oxide and intermediary areas of various phosphatic calcium silicates. The formation of two distinct islets of calcium silicate and calcium phosphate is due to the affinity between acid oxides (SiO2, P2O5) and basic one (CaO) during sol-gel process. Then, the formation of various phosphatic calcium silicates result from the diffusion of P2O5 towards calcium silicate and that of SiO2 towards calcium phosphate.

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Kozasa, Takashi, and Hisato Sogawa. "Formation of crystalline silicate around oxygen–rich AGB stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 191 (1999): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900203124.

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Crystallization of silicate has been investigated within the framework of dust formation in steady state gas outflows around oxygen–rich AGB stars, where silicates are locked not only into homogeneous silicate grains but also into the mantles of heterogeneous grains. Based on the thermal history of dust grains after their formation, the crystallization calculation results in no crystalline silicate for the mass loss rate Ṁ ≤ 2 × 10−5M⊙ yr−1. Only silicate in the mantles of heterogeneous grains can be crystallized for Ṁ ≥ 3 × 10−5M⊙ yr−1, while homogeneous silicate grains remain amorphous. The mass fraction of crystalline silicate increases with increasing Ṁ. The radiation transfer calculations confirm the appearance of an emission feature around 33.5 μm, taking olivine as a representative of crystalline silicates. On the other hand, the 10μm feature appears in absorption, being dominated by homogeneous silicate grains. These trends are consistent with the observations. Thus the crystalline silicate is a diagnostics of high mass loss rate at the late stage of AGB stellar evolution, reflecting the formation process of dust grains.

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40

Liang, Jian-Jie, Alexandra Navrotsky, Thomas Ludwig, Hans J. Seifert, and Fritz Aldinger. "Enthalpy of Formation of Rare-earth Silicates Y2SiO5 and Yb2SiO5 and N-containing Silicate Y10(SiO4)6N2." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (April 1999): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0158.

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The enthalpies of formation of two rare-earth silicates (Y2SiO5 and Yb2SiO5) and a N-containing rare-earth silicate Y10(SiO4)6N2 have been determined using high-temperature drop solution calorimetry. Alkali borate (52 wt% LiBO2·48 wt% NaBO2) solvent was used at 800 °C, and oxygen gas was bubbled through the melt. The nitrogen-containing silicate was oxidized during dissolution. The standard enthalpies of formation are for Y2SiO5, Yb2SiO5, and Y10(SiO4)6N2, respectively, –22868.54 ± 5.34, –22774.75 ± 8.21, and –14145.20 ± 16.48 kJ/mol from elements, and –52.53 ± 4.83, –49.45 6 ± 8.35, and –94.53 ± 11.66 kJ/mol from oxides (Y2O3 or Yb2O3, SiO2) and nitride (Si3N4). The silicates and N-containing silicate are energetically stable with respect to binary oxides and Si3N4, but the N-containing silicate may be metastable with respect to assemblages containing Y2SiO5, Si3N4, and SiO2. A linear relationship was found between the enthalpy of formation of a series of M2SiO5 silicates from binary oxides and the ionic potential (z/r) of the metal cation.

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41

DERRIEN, RICHARD, ETHAN MICHAEL SULLIVAN, STEPHEN LIU, ELODIE MOINE, and FRANCIS BRIAND. "Silicate Island Formation in Gas Metal Arc Welding." Welding Journal 100, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2021.100.002.

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Because formation of silicate islands during gas metal arc welding is undesirable due to decreased productivity and decreased quality of welds, it is important to understand the mechanism of the formation of these silicate islands to mitigate their presence in the weld. The effects of welding parameters on the silicate formation rate were studied. Results showed that the applied voltage and oxidizing potential of the shielding gas were the parameters that most strongly influenced the amount of silicates formed on the surface of the weld bead. High-speed video was used to observe the formation of silicate islands during the welding process, which showed that the silicates were present at each stage of the welding process, including the initial melting of the wire electrode, and grew by coalescence. A flow pattern of the silicate islands was also proposed based on video analysis. An electromagnetic levitation system was used to study the growth kinetics of the silicate islands. Silicate coverage rate was found to increase with increasing oxidizing time, increasing oxidizing potential of the atmosphere, and increasing content of alloying elements except for Ti.

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42

Wooden, Diane H. "Cometary Silicates: Interstellar and Nebular Materials." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600016403.

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AbstractEvidence for interstellar material in comets is deduced from IR spectra, in situ measurements of Comet Halley, and chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles (CP IDPs). IR spectra of comets reveal the spectrally active minerals: amorphous carbon, amorphous silicates, and (in some comets) crystalline silicates. Evidence suggests amorphous silicates are of interstellar origin while crystalline silicates are of nebular origin.10 μm spectra of comets and sub-micron amorphous silicate spherules in CP IDPs have shapes similar to absorption spectra through lines-of-sight in the ISM. Thermal emission models of cometary IR spectra require Fe-bearing amorphous silicates. Fe-bearing amorphous silicates may be Fe-bearing crystalline silicates formed in AGB outflows that are amorphized through He+ ion bombardment in supernova shocks in the ISM.Crystalline silicates in comets, as revealed by IR spectra, and their apparent absence in the ISM, argues for their nebular origin. The high temperatures (>1000 K) at which crystals form or are annealed occur in the inner nebula or in nebular shocks in the 5 – 10 AU region. Oxygen isotope studies of CP IDPs show only 1% by mass of the silicate crystals are of AGB origin. Together this suggests crystalline silicates in comets are probably primitive grains from the early solar nebula.

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43

Niciu, H., Dorel Radu, C. Onose, A. Ioncea, Daniela Niciu, H. Stroescu, and C. S. Onose. "The Permanently Bonded Glass Decor from Chemical Precursors." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.579.

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Alkaline earth metal silicates as well as many polyvalent metals silicates can be obtained through aqueous solutions reactions between an alkaline silicate solution and the solutions of metal salts. The vitrifiation of the oxide compositions, established by the necessary molar ratios for the projected glass, is realised by calculating the concentration of chemical precursors, through their reaction directly on the substrate. The sodium silicate viscosity in aqueous solution and the viscosity of nitrogenated compounds or oxalates necessary in the silicates synthesis is compatible with the necessary viscosity for ink-jet cartridges. The necessary silicates forming reactions were studied directly on the deposition support, so that the functional characteristics of the multicompartment ink-jet cartridges were used. Compositions were realised, in which the colouring effect was obtained with ionic colorants. The vitrifiation and the quality of the obtained thin films were studied through Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

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44

Heckmann, W., F. Ramsteiner, and Ch Mehler. "Morphology of Poly Amide Nanocomposites Characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron Spectroscopic Imaging (ESI)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028580.

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The introduction of organophilic layered silicates into a polyamide matrix significantly improves stiffness and strength [1,2]. Two methods are known to prepare such nanocomposites. For both methods cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium, located in the interlayer galleries of the layered silicates must be exchanged by quaternary alkyl ammonium ions containing at least one alkyl chain and so rendering the originally hydrophilic into an organophilic silicate. in the insitu-method monomeric caprolactam is intercalated between the modified silicate interlayers and subsequently polycondensated to polyamide. By this method the silicates can be broken down into their nanoscale building blocks as can be shown by TEM and ESI (Fig. 1). Another more direct possibility to delaminate the silicates is melt mixing in an extruder. with both methods similar degrees of delamination can be achieved.This paper presents some of our morphological results on polyamide containing organically modified montmorillonite.

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45

Jakobsen, U. H. "A hydrated barium silicate in unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks of central North Greenland." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 374 (March 1990): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.374.08.

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AbstractA new occurrence of barium silicates has been found in unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks of central North Greenland. Two different barium minerals have been identified, the Ba-feldspar hyalophane, and an unknown and hitherto undescribed hydrated Ba-silicate with an anhydrous chemical composition identical to cymrite but with about 4 moles of water in the mineral structure. Both silicates are found in a black organic-rich chert sequence in close association with baryte. No replacement textures are observed between the three Ba-minerals.The hydrated Ba-silicate in the unmetamorphosed rock sequence of the Navarana Fjord area is considered to represent a member in a sequence of Ba-silicates from the unknown Ba-silicate with four H2O in the structure (BaAl2Si2O8·4H2O), through cymrite with one H2O (BaAl2Si2O2O8·H2O) to celsian with none (BaAl2Si2O8). This sequence might reflect the continuous release of water during prograde diagenesis and metamorphism. The association between chert and Ba minerals in the sedimentary rocks of the Navarana Fjord area is believed to reflect an addition of silica and barium by hydrothermal solutions.

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46

Lii, Kwang-Hwa. "High-T, High-P Hydrothermal Synthesis of Uranium Silicates and Germanates." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092407.

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Most uranium minerals can be classified as oxidized species in which U is fully oxidized to U(VI), and reduced species, in which U occurs primarily as U(IV). Uranyl silicates are an important group of uranium(VI) minerals in the altered zones of many uranium deposits [1]. Uranyl silicates have also received attention because they form when spent nuclear fuel interacts with water containing silicon under oxidizing conditions. One naturally occurring uranium(IV) silicate exists, namely coffinite (USiO4), which is the most important ore mineral for uranium after uraninite. Numerous synthetic uranium(VI) silicates and germanates containing organic amines or alkali metals as countercations have also been reported [2]. In contrast to the uranium(VI) compounds, the chemistry of materials containing uranium(V) is considerably less developed owing to the tendency of U(V) to either oxidize to U(VI) or disproportionate to U(IV) and U(VI). We have synthesized a pentavalent-uranium silicate and a germanate by a high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal method in gold ampoules contained in a high-pressure reaction vessel at ca. 600 °C and 170 MPa [3a,b]. Following the synthesis of the U(V) compounds, a number of mixed-valence uranium silicates and germanates have been synthesized, for example, a mixed-valence uranium(IV,V) silicate, Cs2K(UO)2Si4O12 [3c], a uranium(IV,VI) germanate, Cs8U(UO2)3(Ge3O9)3·3H2O [3d], uranium(V,VI) silicates and germanates, A3(U2O4)Ge2O7 (A = Rb, Cs) and [Na9F2][(UO2)3(Si2O7)2] [3e,f], and a uranium(IV,V,VI) silicate, Na7UO2(UO)2(UO2)2Si4O16 [3g] in which three oxidation states of uranium co-exist in one compound. In addition, tetravalent-uranium compounds, Cs2USi6O15 and Cs4UGe8O20 [3h,i], were also synthesized. All members in the family of uranium silicates and germanates with the oxidation states of uranium from +4 to +6 have been observed. In this presentation the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structures, and XPS spectroscopy of these interesting compounds will be reported.

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47

Okamoto, Tamami, and Shigeru Ida. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Dust Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk: Crystalline to Amorphous Silicate Ratio in Comets." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bc1.

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Abstract The observationally inferred crystalline abundance in silicates in comets, which should have been formed in the outer region of a protoplanetary disk, is relatively high (∼10%–60%), although crystalline silicates would be formed by the annealing of amorphous precursors in the inner disk region. In order to quantitatively address this puzzle, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the advection/diffusion of silicate particles in a turbulent disk in a setting based on the pebble accretion model: pebbles consisting of many small amorphous silicates embedded in an icy mantle are formed in the outer disk region, silicate particles are released at the snow line, crystalline silicate particles are produced at the annealing line, silicate particles diffuse beyond the snow line, and they eventually stick to drifting pebbles to return to the snow line. In the simple case without sticking and with steady pebble flux, we show through the simulations and analytical arguments that the crystalline components in silicate materials beyond the snow line are robustly and uniformly ≃5%. On the other hand, in a more realistic case with sticking and with a decaying pebble flux, the crystalline abundance increases to ∼20%–25%, depending on the ratio of the decay to diffusion timescales. This abundance is consistent with the observations. In this investigation, we assume a simple steady-accretion disk. The simulations coupled with the disk evolution are needed for a more detailed comparison with observed data.

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48

Rankin, Andrew G. M., Paul B. Webb, Daniel M. Dawson, Jasmine Viger-Gravel, Brennan J. Walder, Lyndon Emsley, and Sharon E. Ashbrook. "Determining the Surface Structure of Silicated Alumina Catalysts via Isotopic Enrichment and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 41 (October 5, 2017): 22977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08137.

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49

Chun, Chen Ji, Hao Chuan Yong, and Zhang Jin Song. "Interfacial microstructure and mechanical strength of ferritic stainless steel and silicated graphite joints bonded with Cu/Ni composite interlayers." Scripta Materialia 54, no. 4 (February 2006): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.058.

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50

Krasilnikov, A. Ya, and A. V. Ryaposov. "CORROSION AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BASED ON SILICON CARBIDE COMPOUNDES, SILICATED GRAPHITE UNDER CONDITIONS OF DECONTAMINATION SOLUTIONS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 305 (August 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.08.pp.003-010.

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Use of various construction materials in equipment is limited by the chemical resistance of these materials. Siliconized graphite and silicon carbide are used as sliding bearings in the equipment. The purpose of the study was to test the stability of these materials in solutions of alkalis and acids, which are parts of decontamination solutions for nuclear power plants. Preliminarily, positive results were obtained on the chemical resistance of silicon carbide and siliconized graphite materials.

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