Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silicated'
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Conway, Jordan C. "Highly silicated hydroxyapatite : synthesis, characterisation and evaluation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235581.
Full textHjezi, Zahi. "Biocéramiques phosphocalciques fonctionnalisées : étude de la silanisation de surface." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0117/document.
Full textCalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone substitute. Its chemical composition is close to the mineral part of bone which induces osteoconductive ceramics. Silicated hydroxyapatites (SiHA) are being studied. The incorporation of silicon in the hydroxyapatite structure would increase the bioactivity of the implant. However, these substitutes are not osteoinductive. They do not have the ability to induce bone formation which limits their use in reparative surgery. In order to obtain osteoinductive ceramics, it is possible to functionalize their surface by biologically active molecules via organosilanes. The present work studies the influence of silicon incorporation in the hydroxyapatite structure and the functionality (i.e. number of hydrolysable groups) of amino-ethoxy-silanes on the grafting mode and the quantity of molecules at the substrates surface. HA and SiHA silanised ceramics have been produced and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The results confirmed the covalent grafting whatever the nature of the substrate and the functionality of the organosilane might be. The grafted amount increases with the functionality of organosilane. Moreover, the presence of silicon within the substrate promotes the number of ethoxyl chains involved in the heterocondensation reaction and decreases the grafted amount of organosilanes. The organosilanes are not homogeneously distributed on the surface but without formation of a layer covering the entire surface
Villanova, de Benavent Cristina. "Compositional and structural characterisation of Ni-phyllosilicates in hydrous silicate type Ni-laterite deposits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396616.
Full textEls fil- losilicats de níquel (comunament anomenats "garnierites") són importants menes en molts jaciments laterítics de Ni del món. La seva caracterització, classificació i nomenclatura és complexa, ja que normalment es troben en forma de mescles íntimes de diferents fil- losilicats de gra molt fi i baixa cristal• linitat. L'objectiu d' aquesta tesi és avançar en el coneixement de la mineralogia dels fil- losilicats de Ni del dipòsit de laterites niquelíferes de Falcondo, a la República Dominicana, per mitjà de l'ús d'un ampli espectre de tècniques analítiques: difracció de pols de raig X, anàlisi tèrmica diferencial i termogravimetria, microscòpia òptica, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig, microsonda electrònica, microscòpia electrònica de transmissió, espectroscòpia Raman, espectroscòpia d' absorció de raigs X (EXAFS i XANES, amb radiació sincrotró) i per mitjà d'experiments de dissolució. Les garnierites de Falcondo es localitzen a la part baixa de l'horitzó saprolftic en forma de rebliment de fractures i vetes, i ciments i clasts en bretxes. Els principals resultats indiquen que hi ha cinc tipus de garnierites, segons el seu color, la seva mineralogia i la química mineral. La majoria són barreges de serpentina i talc hidratat (kerolita-pimelita), tot i que també hi ha fases de la sèrie sepiolita-falcondoita. La fase que concentra més Ni és la kerolita-pimelita, mentre que a la serpentina el Ni és sistemàticament molt baix i a la sepiolita-falcondoita és molt variable. Les imatges d' alta resolució obtingudes amb microscopi electrònic de transmissió indiquen que els fil- losilicats que componen les garnierites formen una gran varietat de textures: serpentina poligonal, tubs de crisòtil, lamel• les de lizardita, lamel• les de talc hidratat i cintes de sepiolita. A més, s'ha observat que la kerolita-pimelita (rica en Ni) reemplaça sistemàticament la serpentina (pobra en Ni). L'espectroscòpia Raman permet distingir els cinc tipus descrits de garnierites i per tant, s'ofereix com una tècnica ràpida, senzilla i no destructiva per analitzar aquest tipus de minerals al camp. L' absorció de raigs X per mitjà de radiació sincrotró ha permès identificar que tot el Fe contingut en les garnierites i en les serpentines de la saprolita està en forma de Fe3+, i que tot el Ni es troba acumulat formant clusters, i no pas en forma de solució sòlida homogènia, a la capa octaèdrica. Finalment, els experiments de dissolució suggereixen que les velocitats de dissolució són més ràpides en les garnierites que contenen molta serpentina, i que la dissolució no és congruent, sent el Mg el primer element en ser posat en solució, seguit del Si i del Ni.
Rogers, Jennifer Roberts. "Nutrient-driven colonization and weathering of silicates /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004368.
Full textBoyer, Antoine. "Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation biologique d'apatites phosphocalciques carbo silicatées." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068540.
Full textAzenha, Marcelo Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro: análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Full textObjetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro : análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica /." Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Full textBanca: Celso Kooji Sonoda
Banca: Sonia Regina Panzarini Barioni
Banca: Luiz Guilherme Brentegani
Banca: Osny Ferreira Júnior
Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Doutor
Claireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401/document.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Claireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Riquieri, Hilton. "Impacto do processo de cristalização na microestrutura e na resistência à flexão de cerâmicas de silicato de lítio reforçadas por zircônia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152526.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia quanto a sua microestrutura e as mesmas propriedades mecânicas em diferentes fases de cristalização. Cento e vinte amostras de discos de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia foram usinados de acordo com as normas ISO 6872 (12x1,2mm) para o ensaio de flexão biaxial. Foram separados em 4 grupos de acordo com a fase de cristalização. Grupo I: 30 amostras de Celtra pré cristalizado (CNC); Grupo II: 30 amostras de Celtra cristalizado (CC); Grupo III: 30 amostras de Suprinity Não Cristalizado (SNC) e Grupo IV: 30 amostras de Suprinity Cristalizado (SC). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de flexão biaxial e em seguida realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Por meio microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia eletrônica com emissão de campo MEV-FEG, EDS e difração de raios X (n=4), foi realizada a caracterização completa dos materiais e análise morfológica da microestrutura para todos os grupos. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados o módulo Weibull (m) e resistência característica (σ0).
The objective of this work was to evaluate the lithium silicate reinforced by zirconia as to its microstructure and the same mechanical properties in different phases of crystallization. One hundred and twenty samples of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate discs were machined according to ISO 6872 (12x1,2mm) standards for the biaxial flexural test. They were separated into 4 groups according to the crystallization step. Group I: 30 samples of Pre-Crystallized Celtra (CPC); Group II: 30 samples of Crystallized Celtra (CC); Group III: 30 samples of Uncrystallized Suprinity (SNC) and Group IV: 30 samples of Crystallized Suprinity (SC). The specimens were submitted to the mechanical biaxial flexion test and qualitative and quantitative analyzes were performed. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy with Field emission SEM-FEG, EDS and X-ray diffraction (n = 4) were carried out to characterize the materials and morphological analysis of the microstructure for all groups. The Weibull (m) and characteristic resistance (σ0) were used for the statistical analysis.
Cavalcante, Ana Marta de Lima Nunes. "Interferência de doses crescentes de silício na absorção de nutrientes e na matéria seca de Brachiaria Decumbens Stapf." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4241.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Silicon (Si ) have attracted interest in various areas of research, and this is due to the numerous benefits it brings this element to plants , including increased productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many of these benefits are attributed to the deposition of Si adjacent to the epidermis of the leaves, functioning as a barrier to protect plants , especially grasses that are considered Silicon accumulators . The aim of this study was to evaluate Brachiaria decumbens Stapf growth within five doses of calcium silicate and magnesium . The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of Brachiaria species (B. decumbens ) and five levels of Ca and Mg silicate ( 0 , 300 , 600 , 1200 , 2400 kg ha - 1 ). It was later verified height , dry weight and elements concentrations in the ashes . Substrate samples were also collected to verify the product effects on the chemical characteristics of hydromorphic quartzarenic neosoil . The treatments with calcium silicate and magnesium caused an increase in soil pH, neutralizing the present aluminum . When comparing with the control plants under treatment of 2400 kg ha - 1 of silicate, it was found that there was a 38% reduction in plant height and dry matter production of aereal parts was five times smaller. The B.decumbens plants subjected to high doses of calcium and magnesium silicate feature slowdown in growth .
O silício (Si) vem despertando interesse em diversas áreas de pesquisa, e isto se deve aos inúmeros benefícios que este elemento traz às plantas, incluindo aumento na produtividade e na resistência a estresses bióticos e abióticos. Muitos destes benefícios são atribuídos à deposição de Si junto à epiderme das folhas, funcionando como uma barreira de proteção das plantas, principalmente em gramíneas que são tidas como acumuladoras deste elemento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento das plantas de Brachiaria decumbens em função de cinco doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da espécie braquiária (B. decumbens) e cinco doses de silicato de Ca e Mg (0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 kg ha-1 ). Posteriormente, foi verificado altura, peso de matéria seca e as concentrações de elementos nas cinzas. Amostras do substrato também foram coletadas para verificar os efeitos do produto sobre as características químicas do Neossolo quartzarênico hidromórfico. Os tratamentos com silicato de cálcio e magnésio causaram aumento do pH do solo, neutralizando o alumínio presente. Ao comparar as plantas controle com as submetidas ao tratamento de 2400 kg ha-1 de silicato constatou-se que houve redução de 38% na altura das plantas e que a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea foi cinco vezes menor. Plantas de B. decumbens submetidas a altas doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio apresentam redução do crescimento.
Fonseca, Ivana Machado [UNESP]. "Efeito da escória de siderurgia como fonte de silício e sua interação com a adubação nitrogenada em Brachiaria brizantha." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88315.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)
A escória de siderurgia é constituída basicamente por silicato de cálcio e magnésio, sendo considerada como material corretivo da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes e de silício para as plantas. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da escória de siderurgia como fonte de silício e material corretivo na presença de doses de nitrogênio nos atributos químicos do solo, no estado nutricional, no crescimento e na produção de massa seca do capim-marandu. Desenvolveu-se o estudo em casa de vegetação, na FCAV/Unesp, Campus Jaboticabal-SP, no período de dezembro/05 a julho/06, realizando dois cortes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3x3 + 1, sendo duas fontes de material corretivo, três doses de material corretivo (1,61, 3,22 e 6,44 t ha-1 de ECaCO3), três doses de nitrogênio, sendo a metade, a dose e duas vezes a dose recomendada (200 mg dm-3) aplicados nos dois cortes das plantas, e uma testemunha absoluta, com quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída por um vaso preenchido com 4 dm3 de terra de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média, e quatro plantas. Verificouse que as doses de escória aumentaram as concentrações de Si no solo e na planta, diminuindo, porém, o acúmulo de N no capim. A adubação nitrogenada associada à escória incrementou a produção de massa seca e a absorção de Si pelo capimmarandu. O uso da escória de siderurgia mostra-se adequado ao cultivo da forrageira como material corretivo da acidez do solo e fonte de silício para o capim-marandu.
The slag is constituted basically by calcium and magnesium silicate, being considered as neutralizing material of the soil acidity and as source of nutrients and of silicon for the plants. This research was carried out in greenhouse conditions with the objective to evaluate the effects of the slag plus nitrogen on the chemical attributes of the soil, nutritional state, growth and dry matter production of the marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha). The experiment was conducted in São Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil, during December/05 the July/06 period, when the grasses were cut twice. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with treatments organized in 2x3x3+1 in factorial scheme (two types of corrective material, tree corrective material rates, tree nitrogen rates plus a control treatment), with four replications. The experimental units were pots filled with 4 dm3 of medium texture Oxissol with four plants. The slag rates increased the soil and plant silicon contents. However, decreased the plant nitrogen contents. The nitrogen fertilization plus slag increased dry matter production and plant silicon contents. The slag was adequate as corrective material of the acidity of the soil and as silicon source to marandu palisadegrass.
Santos, Márcia Masson Mendes dos. "Biofortificação do tomateiro com silício via foliar pulverização foliar com diferentes fontes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/158333.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O mineral silício (Si) é considerado um elemento essencial para o ser humano, tendo diversas funções, especialmente a para formação óssea. O tomate é amplamente consumido no mundo, mas apresenta baixo teor de Si, não atendendo a exigência do ser humano. A pulverização foliar de Si em plantas tomate pode promover a biofortificação associada à melhora na qualidade pós-colheita, dependendo da fonte e da concentração do elemento na calda. Neste estudo, objetivou-se obter tomates biofortificados via pulverização foliar com Si, em diferentes fontes e concentrações, e avaliar sua qualidade tecnológica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em sistema de cultivo hidropônico, em vasos (8 dm3) preenchidos com areia, contendo uma planta por vaso. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro fontes de Si (silicato alcalino estabilizado; nanossílica; ácido silícico estabilizado e silicato de potássio) e quatro concentrações de Si (0,0; 0,2; 0,4 e 0,6 g L-1), dispostos em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Realizaram-se cinco pulverizações com Si nas plantas de tomate cultivar Micro Tom, iniciando-se no florescimento, uma vez por semana. A pulverização foliar de Si durante a fase reprodutiva das plantas de tomate foi eficiente para biofortificar o fruto e incrementar o teor de ácido ascórbico, a acidez titulável e a firmeza do fruto, destacando-se a fonte nanossílica e ácido silícico na concentração próxima de 0,4 g L-1.
The mineral silicon (Si) is considered an essential element for humans, having several functions, especially for bone formation. Tomato is a fruit widely consumed in the world but the low Si content does not meet the standard requirements for human beings. To this end, foliar spraying of tomato plants with Si may promote biofortification associated with improved post-harvest quality, depending on the source and concentration of Si used in the spraying mixture. This study aimed at producing tomatoes biofortified with Si at varying concentrations from different sources via foliar spraying, and evaluating their technological quality as well. The experiment consisted of pots (8 dm3) filled with sand containing one Micro-Tom cultivar tomato plant per pot in a greenhouse, in a hydroponic culture system. The treatments consisted of a combination of four Si sources (stabilized alkali metal silicate, nano silica, stabilized silicic acid, and potassium silicate) and four Si concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6 g L-1), arranged as a randomized block design, with five replications. Five spraying mixtures containing Si were applied to the tomato plants once a week as the flowering stage started. Foliar spraying of Si during the reproductive phase of tomato plants effectively biofortified the fruit, increasing the ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity and fruit firmness, highlighting as particularly effective the nano silica and silicic acid sources at the approximate concentration of 0.4 g L-1.
001
Froment, Aurélien. "Caractérisation structurale d'hydroxyapatites carbo-silicatées par RMN du solide : applications à l'ingénierie du tissu osseux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS435.
Full textBioceramics based on calcium phosphates, and more particularly hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) are widely popular for applications linked to bone filling. These osteoconductive macroporous bioceramics provide a function of supporting bone regrowth, but the volumes are weak and only located on the edges of the host tissue. These bioceramics also have a limited capacity to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the heart of the implant and do not degrade according to a kinetic concomitant with that of the formation of new tissues. These limits have revealed the need to develop a new generation of biomaterials for clinical applications of regenerative medicine, biomaterials no longer only having the capacity to accommodate bone regrowth but must stimulate it. Carbo-silicate hydroxyapatites for which structural knowledge is very weak or almost non-existent are serious candidate materials for this new generation of biomaterials. The double substitution in carbonate ion, promotes the properties of biodegradation and osteoconduction, and in silicate ion, which in soluble form promotes bone formation, is a source of structural modifications that can lead to the modulation of the biological properties of those biomaterials. Structural knowledge of these new materials is therefore necessary before being able to classify them as future candidates for applications. The LCMCP has long had proven expertise in "NMR crystallography" in order to determine the structural properties of materials using characterization techniques. conventional and solid-phase NMR
Porcel, Henrique Reatto. "Síntese e caracterização de silicato de zinco dopado com manganês /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191121.
Full textResumo: Os materiais nanoestruturados vêm sendo extensivamente estudados, não somente pelas novas propriedades e suas possíveis aplicações tecnológicas, mas também pela busca de uma melhor compreensão dos aspectos físicos e químicos. Em relação a materiais semicondutores, estudos da estrutura em escala nanométrica tem recebido considerável interesse em razão do efeito de tamanho que exibem. Semicondutores nanocristalinos apresentam propriedades eletrônicas intermediárias entre aqueles de estrutura molecular e sólidos macrocristalinos e são objeto de intensa pesquisa, apresentando uma grande diversidade de aplicações quando na forma nanoestruturada. Dentre esses materiais, o silicato de zinco (Zn2SiO4) puro ou dopado tem recebido atenção em razão de notáveis propriedades fundamentais, versatilidade e potencial para diversas aplicações tecnológicas. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação teve como objetivo realizar a síntese e a caracterização de Zn2SiO4 puro e dopado com átomos de manganês e sua correlação com propriedades fotoluminescentes. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado o método químico de preparação conhecido por co-preciptação. Deste modo, a caracterização morfológica foi realizada através da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de alta resolução (FEG-MEV), a qual demonstra um aglomerado de grãos, tornando a determinação do tamanho do mesmo difícil. As propriedades estruturais das nanopartículas, bem como suas propriedades físicas e químicas, foram determinadas através das técn... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nanostructured materials have been extensively studied, not only for new properties and their possible technological applications, but also for a better understanding of the physical and chemical aspects. With regard to semiconductor materials, nanoscale structure studies have received considerable interest because of the size effect they exhibit. Nanocrystalline semiconductors have intermediate electronic properties between those of molecular structure and macrocrystalline solids and are the subject of intense research, presenting a great diversity of applications when in nanostructured form. Among these materials, pure or doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) has received attention because of its remarkable fundamental properties, versatility and potential for various technological applications. In this context, this dissertation aimed to synthesize and characterize pure and doped Zn2SiO4 with manganese atoms and its correlation with photoluminescent properties. In this work, the chemical preparation method known as co-precipitation was used. Thus, the morphological characterization was performed by the high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) technique, which demonstrates a grain cluster, making the size determination difficult. The structural properties of nanoparticles, as well as their physical and chemical properties, were determined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques, with which it is possible to observe the formation of na... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Full textNo sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag (“agrosilício”) (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes 1983. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto /." Botucatu :, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Full textBanca: Rosemary Marques de A. Bertani
Banca: Marcelo Andreotti
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Resumo: No sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
Abstract: In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag ("agrosilício") (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Doutor
Mendes, Aline Teixeira. "Propriedades físico-químicas de uma nova formulação de cimento biocerâmico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179694.
Full textThe success of long-term endodontic treatments depend on mechanical and chemical preparation, as well as on the root canal fillings, the purpose of which being providing filling in a three-dimensional fashion using inert material. The ideal endodontic cement must be biocompatible, have an appropriate setting time, dimensional stability, dentin bond strength, low solubility, be easy to manipulate and radiopaque. In order to set up a standard for research involving dental materials, some specifications are set forth by ISO and ANSI/ADA, in which the tests to be carried out for each material to be assessed are provided for. The goal of this study is to assess the physical and chemical properties of a new calcium silicate-based cement, to be compared with an epoxy resin-based cement. In order to assess calcium release and pH levels, polyethylene tubes with internal diameter of 1 mm and 10 mm in length have been filled with the cements and immersed in 10 ml of deionized water. After trial periods of 1, 24, 72 and 168 hours, the samples were assessed with regard to their calcium release and pH levels, using a colorimetric spectrophotometer and a pH mete, respectively. In order to assess radiopacity, solubility and setting time, rings with 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were manufactured using the cements; the radiopacity levels were calculated in accordance with their radiographic density (mm Al). In order to assess solubility, the items were immersed in 50 ml of distilled water for seven days, with the initial mass (before immersion) and final mass (after immersion and dehumidification) being measured. The setting time assessment was carried out using Gilmore needles weighing 100 g and 456.3 g. Yield test was carried out based on ISO 6876:2001. The data obtained were analyzed through analysis of variance and Tukey test (P<0.05). The results found in this study with regard to pH e Ca- levels were significantly higher for the Biosealer cement, when compared with AH Plus (P<0.05). In the yield, radiopacity and setting time tests, the results for the bioceramic cement were lower when compared with AH Plus (P<0.05). The results for the Biosealer indicated higher solubility levels, when compared with AH Plus (P<0.05). It is conceivable to conclude that the Biosealer has shown good physical-chemical properties, such as pH, calcium release, yield, radiopacity and setting time. This new endodontic cement formulation has shown a higher solubility when compared with the level set forth in ISO 6876:2012.
Inada, Rafaela Nanami Handa. "Análise da alteração de cor promovida por materiais reparadores e cimentos endodônticos à base de silicato de cálcio com diferentes radiopacificadores /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153833.
Full textResumo: Materiais reparadores e cimentos endodônticos não devem promover alteração da coloração dental. Este estudo foi dividido em 3 publicações. Publicação 1 - avaliação da alteração cromática dentária promovida por cimentos de silicato tricálcico (TSC) associado com óxido de bismuto (TC-Bi), óxido de zircônio (TC-Zr), óxido de nióbio (TC-Nb) e Biodentine (BD). Publicação 2 - comparação dos efeitos cromáticos induzidos por cimentos TSC-Bi e silicato tricálcio com tungstato de cálcio (TSC-TC), MTA Angelus (MTA) e MTA HP Repair (MTAHP). Publicação 3 - avaliação das alterações cromáticas por cimentos endodônticos, AH Plus (AHP), MTA Fillapex (MTAF), Total Fill BC Sealer (TF) e NeoMTA Plus (NMTAP). Dentes bovinos (n=10) foram seccionados para obtenção de secções vestibulares e palatinos. Na face interna vestibular foram realizadas duas cavidades, uma na porção coronária e outra radicular, que foram preenchidas pelos materiais em estudo e com pasta triantibiótica como controle positivo (CP) e cavidades sem material como controle negativo (CN). A mensuração da alteração cromática (∆E) e luminosidade (L*) foram realizadas com espectrofotômetro, antes da inserção dos materiais (T0), imediatamente após a inserção (T1) e após 7 (T7), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 60 (T60), 120 (T120) e 180 (T180) dias. Os dados foram avaliados por meio de teste de Análise de Variância de medidas repetidas a dois critérios e Post Hoc teste LSD-Fisher, ambos com nível de significância de 5%. Publicação 1 - na porção cor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Repair materials and endodontic sealers should not promote tooth staining. This study was divided into 3 publications. Publication 1 - evaluation of dental discoloration of tricalcium silicate (TSC) cements associated with bismuth oxide (TC-Bi), zirconium oxide (TC-Zr), niobium oxide (TC-Nb) and Biodentine (BD). Publication 2 - comparison of the color effects induced by TSC-Bi cements and tricalcium silicate with calcium tungstate (TSC-TC), MTA Angelus (MTA) and MTA HP Repair (MTAHP). Publication 3 - evaluation of color changes by endodontic cements, AH Plus (AHP), MTA Fillapex (MTAF), Total Fill BC Sealer (TF) and NeoMTA Plus (NMTAP). Bovine teeth were sectioned to obtain vestibular and palatine sections. In the internal vestibular face, two cavities were performed, one in the coronary portion and the other one in the root, which were filled with the materials, and triantibiotic paste as the positive control (CP) and cavities with no filling as the negative control (CN). The measurement of the color change (ΔE) was performed with a spectrophotometer, before insertion of the materials (T0), immediately after insertion (T1) and after 7 (T7), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 60 (T60), 120 (T120) and 180 (T180) days. The data were evaluated by Variance Analysis of repeated measurements at two criteria and Post Hoc LSD-Fisher test, both with a significance level of 5%. Publication 1 - in the coronary portion TSC and CP presented higher ΔE in T180 compared to T1 (p <0,05). Only TSC-Zr and TSC-... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dufils, Thomas. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des magmas hydratés par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066240/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we focused on the properties of magmas and the effects of water on these properties using classical molecular dynamics simulations. After having pointed out the importance of water in geological processes and presented some basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations, we present a force field for dry silicate melts. We use this force field to study the equation of state, the structure and the transport properties (viscosity, electrical conductivity, diffusion coefficient) of silicate melts of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial compositions. These results are systematically compared with data of the literature. We then develop a force field for pure water compatible to the one proposed for silicates. The validity of this force field is investigated by comparison with experimental studies, ab-initio simulations and other MD simulations using classical force fields. At last we add a water-silicate interaction to the two former force fields in order to describe hydrous silicate melts. This force field is used to study the properties of water-silicate mixtures (solubility, surface tension). The structure and properties of hydrous silicate melts are evaluated as well as the speciation of water, the density, the viscosity, the electrical conductivity and the diffusion coefficients. The local structure around protonated species (OH-,H2O and H3O+) and their diffusion coefficients are also determined. All these results are compared with available data of the literature
Guignard, Jérémy. "Caractérisation texturale des assemblages métal-silicate lors de la différenciation des planétésimaux : étude de météorites et approche expérimentale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1551/.
Full textMeteorites are samples of small parent bodies accreted in the first five million years of the solar system. The diversity of meteorites can be related to different thermal evolutions of their parent bodies, from thermal metamorphism to complete mantle/core differentiation. This thesis focuses on the silicate-metal relative mobility during heating, in particular for solid systems which approach or exceed the onset of silicate melting. Two approaches are considered. Firstly, the textural evolutions in natural meteorites have been quantified. Secondly, laboratory experiments have been performed in order to identify and understand the processes which govern these textural changes. A textural study of metal and sulphide grains in H-chondrites shows that as metamorphism grade increases, phases separate, change in shape and grow. This evolution occurs progressively, making it possible to define textural criteria that vary continuously across petrographic boundaries. This evolution is consistent with independent geochemical data and thermal model. We propose a new scale of metamorphism allowing the subdivision of types 4 to 6. Grain growth experiments have been performed in synthetic analogues of meteorites: the system forsterite+nickel±melt silicate (Fo:Ni±M). The synthesis of starting materials required special care. A new sintering technique, seldom used in geosciences, has been developed: Spark Plasma Sintering. Experimental results show that mechanisms of grain growth of Fo and Ni are largely dependent of proportion and composition of each phase. Finally, results are in good agreement with natural observations and can be used to precise thermal history of planetesimals
Stocco, Fernando Carlos. "Uso de escórias de siderurgia no desenvolvimento e nutrição de gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6605.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of basic slag in mineral nutrition and development of Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens in soils in southern of the Espírito Santo. Samples were collected from a dystrophic Red Yellow Latossol, in an area under degraded pasture Brachiaria sp. Once collected, the soil was dry in the air and passed through a 2 mm sieve for chemical and physical characterization. Samples of 3.5 dm3 soil were subjected to the application of five doses of silicate: 0; 500; 1000; 1500 and 2000 kg SiO2 ha-1, using two basic slags (A and B) incubated for 30 days. The species of grasses B. brizantha and B. decumbens were sown and transplanted to the experimental units and after 40 and 80 days it took place the first and second cut of the aerial part, respectively. It was quantified fresh and dry matter of the aerial part and the number of tillers per pot. There are influence of silicate doses applied in the form of slag on the development and mineral nutrition grass. The B slag is higher than the A slag, in general, about the production of fresh, dry grass and number of tillers. The levels of nutrients and accumulations vary according to the slag, the type of grass and the grass cut. The A slag shows high level of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the aerial part of both grasses. The B. brizantha, associated with to the A slag, shows higher production of fresh matter, dry matter in the aerial part and higher levels of calcium than B. decumbens. The basic slags are alternatives in order to increase production and quality of grass Brachiaria genus, and to minimize the environmental liability created by the accumulation of basic slag
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de escórias de siderurgia sobre a nutrição mineral e desenvolvimento de Brachiaria decumbens e de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivadas em Latossolo da região Sul do Espírito Santo. Foram coletadas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico em uma área sob pastagem degradada de Brachiaria sp. Após coletado, o material do solo foi seco ao ar e passado em peneira de 2 mm, para caracterização química e física. Amostras de 3,5 dm3 do solo foram submetidas à aplicação de cinco doses de silicato: 0; 500; 1000; 1500; e 2000 kg ha-1 de SiO2, utilizando-se para isso duas escórias de siderurgia (escória A e escória B) incubadas por 30 dias. As espécies de gramíneas B. brizantha e B. decumbens foram semeadas e transplantadas para as unidades experimentais e após 40 e 80 dias realizou-se o primeiro e segundo corte da parte aérea, respectivamente. Foi quantificada a matéria fresca e a seca da parte aérea, assim como, o número de perfilhos por vaso e os teores de macronutrientes da parte aérea das gramíneas. Há influência das doses de silicato aplicadas na forma de escórias, sobre o desenvolvimento e nutrição mineral das gramíneas. A escória B é superior à escória A, de maneira geral, quanto à produção de matéria fresca, matéria seca e perfilhamento das gramíneas. Os teores e acúmulos de nutrientes variam em função da escória, da gramínea e do corte. A escória A proporciona maiores teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e cálcio na parte aérea de ambas as gramíneas. A B. brizantha, associada à escoria A, apresenta maior produção de matéria fresca, matéria seca da parte aérea e teores superiores de cálcio em relação à B. decumbens. As escórias de siderurgia se constituem em alternativas visando aumentar a produção e a qualidade das gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria, bem com minimizar o passivo ambiental gerado pelo acúmulo das escórias nós pátios das siderúrgicas.
Peyne, Julie. "Etude de l'amélioration et de la revalorisation des matières premières argileuses utilisées dans les briques en terre cuite : de l'amélioration du procédé à la revalorisation des déchets." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0070.
Full textThis study is based on the investigation of the brick clay quality and on their valorization in a geopolymer binder. First, numerous clay samples were analyzed by physical, chemical, structural and thermal characterizations, which led to abacus plots, allowing to distinguish an efficient or a non-suitable clay for the bricks production. Simultaneously, the iron interaction with the clay minerals was established. An experimental protocol was determined for the company to determine the clay quality for a brick production. Then, a feasibility study of the valorization of these clay minerals in a geopolymer binder was conducted. The FTIR study highlighted a polycondensation reaction and a reaction with the calcium, which was more or less important according to the alkali cation type of the silicate solution. An alternative to the lightweight expanded clay aggregates was evidenced, with the revalorization of brick clay materials in a lightweight geopolymer product
Soares, Jones Leite. "Síntese e caracterização de silicatos dopados com ións Cd2+ e Eu3+ pelo método do sal fundido com menor temperatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46134/tde-13122010-101939/.
Full textIn this work our objective was to synthesize and characterize orthosilicates of alkaline-earth elements with emphasis on Sr2SiO4. This is a silicate host matrix for doping with ions such as cadmium II and europium III, resulting in materials with luminescent properties. Another objective is to reduce the synthesis temperature using the methods employed here when compared to conventional methods described the literature. Both the matrix and the doped systems were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, surface area and pore size distribution, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The methods employed in this study were basically the metathesis and the molten salt; the metathesis method was conducted by sol-gel (using a commercial silica and tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS) and precipitation in air and nitrogen atmospheres. In the molten salt method, two synthesis temperatures were used: 600 and 750ºC. At 750°C an equimolar mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with strontium nitrate was used in addition to mesostructured silica in the molar ratio of 2:1. At 600°C only a mixture of strontium nitrate and mesostructured silica was used, also in the molar ratio of 2:1. In these two pathways, sodium nitrate (molar ratio Na/Si = 0.1) was used in order to facilitate the breakup of the silica oxygen bridges and its influence on the final product was also studied. Furthermore, Ca2SiO4 and Ba2SiO4 were synthesized only at 600ºC and the doping of Sr2SiO4 (1 mol %) was also carried out only at 600°C. The results show a densification of the product compared to the silica precursor and the formation of silicate nanofibers by the molten salt method. In the metathesis method we obtained strontium carbonate and other types of silicates.
Crépisson, Céline. ""Missing Xenon" : experimental and theoretical study of Xe storage in crustal and upper mantle minerals." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS095.
Full textStorage of Xe in silicate minerals has been proposed to explain the ‘Missing Xenon’ issue, i.e. the low Xe abundance in the Earth’s and Mars’ atmospheres compared to other noble gases and chondrites. However, data about Xe incorporation in minerals remain scarce due to high Xe volatility preventing studies at ambient conditions. Xe incorporation in silicates has been proposed based on experimental evidences at high pressures (P) and temperatures (T). In this PhD thesis we bring new constraints on Xe incorporation in major Earth minerals of the continental crust (quartz and feldspar) and upper mantle (olivine). Xe-bearing samples have been synthesized, characterized ex situ and investigated in situ at high P-T conditions. Theoretical calculations have been performed to propose Xe incorporation sites able to reproduce experimental observations. In olivine and quartz, a Xe for Si substitution is likely, with the formation of at least partially covalent Xe-O bonds of 1.98-2.09 Å. Up to 0.4 at% Xe could be stored in olivine at depth, and in quartz a phase transition toward a new (Xe,Si)O2 phase is evidenced at high T. In presence of Fe and Xe, a phase separation is observed between a Fe-rich phase and a Fe-poor phase for feldspars and olivine, with Xe and Fe stabilizing each other. In presence of excess water, Xe is going into the fluid phase for olivine, while it is retained in a feldspathic melt. Eventually Kr and Xe reactivity in feldspathic glass and melt is evidenced with the observation of Kr oxidation and Kr-O short bonds (2.49 ± 0.1 Å). These constraints on Xe incorporation in silicate melts and minerals at depths could be crucial in the ‘Missing Xenon’ issue
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes 1983. "Avaliação de eficiência relativa para a reatividade em silicatos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86388.
Full textBanca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Renato de Melo Prado
Resumo: A eficiência dos corretivos de acidez do solo, e, sua qualidade depende da taxa de reatividade (RE), e do poder de neutralização (PN), sendo esta eficiência indicada pelo poder relativo de neutralização total (PRNT). Para os silicatos existem poucos estudos que estabeleça taxas de reatividade para suas frações granulométricas e, portanto, utilizam-se as mesmas taxas de reatividade do calcário. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos no período de julho/2008 a outubro/2009 em casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP - Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de comparar valores de reatividade das frações granulométricas para materiais silicatados em três solos de diferentes classes texturais cultivados com plantas de alfafa. Utilizou-se seis materiais corretivos: escória, silicato de cálcio, silicato de cálcio e magnésio, wollastonita, calcário dolomítico e calcário calcítico os quais no experimento 1 e 2 foram separados em quatro frações granulométricas, peneiras: nº 10 (Ø = 2 mm), nº 20 (Ø = 0,84 mm), nº 50 (Ø = 0,30 mm) e fundo (Ø<0,30 mm), exceto a wollastonita que possui apenas a granulometria < 0,30 mm. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em três solos: Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico e Neossolo Quartzarênico. No 1° experimento aplicou-se quatro doses (1, 2, 4 e 8 t ha-1) afim de obter a curva de neutralização dos solos, para determinar a dose a ser aplicada de cada fração granulométrica para atingir o pH 5,5. O 2° experimento constou da aplicação das doses ecomendadas no primeiro experimento e com o valor de pH obtido aos 90 dias de incubação calculou-se a eficiência relativa de reatividade para cada fração granulométrica, tomando-se como referência o pH obtido com a aplicação do calcário dolomítico na peneira... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : The efficiency and quality of materials for soil acidity correction are based on the reactivity rate (RR) and neutralization power (NP), and it is indicated by the effective calcium carbonate (ECC). Considering that there are few studies establishing reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions, lime values are used as reference. Three experiments were carried in the period July/2008 to October/2009 out in greenhouse in College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu - SP, aiming to compare reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions in three soils with distinct textures cultivated with alfalfa plants. Slag, calcium silicate, calcium+magnesium silicate, wollastonite, dolomitic and calcitic lime were the materials evaluated. The first and second experiments consisted of four particlesize fractions obtained from each material, separated by the sieves no. 10 (Ø = 2 mm), no. 20 (Ø = 0.84 mm), no. 50 (Ø = 0.30 mm) and bottom (Ø < 0.30 mm), except that the wollastonite has the particle-size fraction < 0,30 mm. Treatments were applied in three soils: Oxisol, Hapludox and Quartzipsamment. In the first study, four doses were applied (1, 2, 4 and 8 t ha- 1) to obtain soil neutralization curve and thus determine which one was to be applied for each particle-size fraction to reach pH 5.5. The second study consisted of the application of the recommended doses from the first experiment. Then, with the pH values obtained 90 days after incubation, the relative efficiency of reactivity was calculated for each particle-size fraction based on the pH of dolomitic lime from the last sieve. Afterwards, RR and ECC were calculated. In the third study, the doses to increase soil base saturation up to 80% were calculated based on both the PRNT reported in the laboratory and in the experiment. Treatments were incubated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dubernet, Stéphan. "Défauts ponctuels dans les silicates : élaboration, coloration, altération de verres archéologiques, caractérisation de défauts dans un luminiphore silicaté." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30205.
Full textJardine, Alexander Pompermayer. "Atividade antimicrobiana de cimentos que contêm silicato de cálcio em dentina infectada por biofilme muiti-espécies : um estudo em microcospia confocal à laser." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151439.
Full textThis study aimed to assess, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the antimicrobial effect of Neo MTA Plus, Biodentine and MTA Angelus, using a microcosmo biofilm model, and to describe the microrganisms morphology, by SEM. Fifty-six dentin blocks were made from human teeth roots, cut in a size 5 x 4 x 4 mm, cleaned and sterelized. Two blocks were used to sterelization control. The others 54 blocks were fixed in Hawley retainers made for 6 volunteers that used it for 72h. After this period, they were placed in wells with BHI for 21 days, at 37ºC. At the end of the biofilm growth, the samples were randomly divided in 5 groups: Neo MTA Plus (n=12), Biodentine (n=12), MTA Angelus (n=12), negative control (n=12), and SEM analysis (n=6). The cements were placed in contact with the blocks of the tested groups. All samples were replaced in wells with BHI by 7 days at 37ºC. CLSM analysis evaluated the dentin blocks and cements isolated. SEM observation were performed in the six samples of the respective group. All groups presented a level of viable bacteria higher than 50%. Neo MTA Plus was the only one that showed significant difference from the negative control group (P=.0379). SEM analysis showed a biofilm composed of spherical and rod-shaped bacteria surrounded by extracellular matrix. All groups presented viable bacteria and Neo MTA Plus had the highest antimicrobial effect.
Vedovatto, Felipe. "Silício no controle de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum em feijoeiro." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11642.
Full textA antracnose do feijoeiro é causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc & Magnus) Scribner, sendo considerada uma das principais doenças que atacam a cultura, podendo ocasionar perdas e diminuição da produtividade final e uma das alternativas de controle mais utilizadas é a indução química e genética de resistência. O uso do silício na agricultura apresenta vários benefícios, tais como: diminuição de toxidez por metais, alívio do estresse salino e da falta de água, aumento da resistência a ventos fortes, aumento da resistência a patógenos e insetos, entre outros. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do silício como indutor de resistência à antracnose do feijoeiro, utilizando diferentes fontes no recobrimento de sementes. Foram utilizadas quatro fontes de silício: cinza de casca de arroz carbonizada, pó de rocha produto comercial Potenccy®, o produto comercial Supa Sílica, Agrichem® e o produto comercial Silicon SiO2, Rigrantec®. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: no experimento 1 foram testadas as fontes de silício aplicadas em sementes da cultivar IPR Graúna, suscetível a antracnose, através da avaliação sanitária e fisiológica das sementes, e foi realizada a análise histológica das plântulas e do tegumento das sementes para detectar a presença de silício. A fonte de silício que apresentou as melhores respostas para o controle da antracnose, no experimento 1, foi utilizada no experimento 2, que foi realizado em campo, com duas cultivares de feijão suscetíveis a antracnose (IPR Graúna e IPR Uirapuru), onde foram avaliadas a emergência e sintomas nas plântulas. Foi possível identificar silício nas folhas primárias de plântulas de feijão, somente para o tratamento com silício oriundo do produto comercial Silicon SiO2, Rigrantec®. A aplicação de silício reduz efeito negativo da inoculação com Colletotrichum lindemuthianum nas sementes de feijão.
Diniz, Vandeberg. "Durabilidade de união e carga cíclica para falha do silicato de litío reforçado por zircônia após cimentação adesiva /." São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180712.
Full textBanca: Tarcísio José Arruda Paes Júnior
Banca: Laís Regiane da Silva Concílio
Resumo: No presente trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido fluorídrico (5% e 10%), na resistência de união entre uma cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia (sem cristalização adicional, com queima de glaze e com queima adicional de cristalização) e um cimento resinoso, com e sem envelhecimento. Avaliou-se também o comportamento em fadiga de uma cerâmica à base de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia (sem cristalização adicional, com de queima de glaze e com queima adicional de cristalização) cimentada adesivamente a um material análogo a dentina (NEMA G10), na ausência ou presença de envelhecimento. Para o teste de microtração os blocos cerâmicos de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia foram cortados em blocos menores e divididos aleatoriamente em 12 grupos (N = 72; n = 6). No teste de fadiga os espécimes foram em formato de discos (diâmetro de 12 mm e espessura de 1,2 mm) cimentados a discos de resina epoxi Nema G10 (diâmetro de 12mm e espessura de 2,3mm), divididos em 6 grupos (N = 120; n = 20) e submetidos a ensaio de fadiga pelo método da escada (100.000 ciclos, 20 Hertz de frequência). Os dados resistência de união (MPa) e fadiga (N) foram submetidos à ANOVA 2-fatores, e respectivamente submetidos aos testes de Tukey e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante para o fator "termociclagem" (ANOVA 2 fatores, p<0,05) sendo os grupos sem termociclagem superiores aos grupos com envelhecimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : This study evaluated the effect of different hydrofluoric acid concentrations (5% and 10%) on the bond strength between a zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (without additional crystallization, glaze firing and additional crystallization firing) and a resinous cement, with and without aging. The fatigue behavior of a zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate-based ceramic (without additional crystallization, glaze firing and additional crystallization firing) adhesively cemented to a material like dentin (NEMA G10) was also evaluated with or without thermal aging. For the microtensile test, the zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic blocks were cut into smaller blocks and randomly divided into 12 groups (N=72; n=6). In the fatigue test, discs (diameter 12 mm and thickness 1.2 mm) were cut, cemented to NEMA G10 epoxy resin discs (diameter 12 mm and thickness 2.3 mm), assigned into 6 groups (N=120, n=20) and subjected to the fatigue test by the ladder method (100,000 cycles, 20 Hertz frequency). The bond strength (MPa) and fatigue (N) data were submitted to 2-Way ANOVA, and respectively submitted to Tukey and Bonferroni tests (p <0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference for the "thermocycling" factor (2-Way ANOVA, p <0.05), with the groups without thermocycling been superior to the aged groups (Tukey). The Bonferroni test indicated that within the same condition (with or without thermocycling), the groups with additional crystallization or glaze firing showed higher results than the groups without additional firing. Thus, the bond between ZLS and the resin cement was negatively affected by thermal aging in water. On the other hand, the fatigue behavior of ZLS discs cemented on NEMA G10 was higher in the groups that received glaze or crystallization firing and lower in the aged groups...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pires, Cleo Thomas Gabriel Vilela Menegaz Teixeira. "Síntese e pilarização de ácidos silícicos lamelares." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250072.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um crescente interesse na obtenção de materiais lamelares modificados, devido as suas propriedades únicas e consequentes aplicações científicas e tecnológicas possíveis. Ácidos silícicos como a magadeíta, a kaneíta e a ilerita são compostos extremamente versáteis, podendo-se variar os seus espaçamentos basais a partir de intercalações com grupos de cadeia carbônica longa ou troca iônica. Outras alterações possíveis são as substituições isomórficas do silício por átomos tri- ou tetravalentes como alumínio e titânio respectivamente, modificando as propriedades químicas da lamela. Neste trabalho os ácidos silícicos lamelares magadeíta, ilerita e kaneíta foram sintetizados pelo método hidrotérmico, contendo também átomos de Al e Ti inseridos na estrutura. Em todos os casos observou-se que conforme aumenta-se a quantidade de metal adicionado ou o tempo de tratamento hidrotérmico, ocorrem transições de fase que seguem a ordem: amorfa, fase lamelar de interesse, cristobalita e tridimita, bem como suas misturas em situações intermediárias. Diferentes métodos de pilarização com TiO2 foram exaustivamente testados, variando-se uma série de parâmetros. O método que se mostrou mais eficiente consistiu na utilização de CTAB e TBAOH como agentes espaçadores sob refluxo a 353 K, seguido de adição direta do alcoxido no material intercalado seco, então refluxados a 363 K sob fluxo de nitrogênio. Os materiais obtidos por este método possuem mesoporos com 4,8 nm de diâmetro em media, porem a área superficial obtida foi de apenas cerca de 270 m g. Nos materiais pilarizados foram imobilizados os fotocatalisadores pirílio (TPP) e tiapirílio (TPTP) de modo a provar a eficiência na degradação fotocatalítica do pesticida metidation. Os materiais híbridos apresentaram desempenho superior aos fotocatalisadores orgânicos puros, o que representa um ótimo ponto inicial para a otimização deste processo. Também o comportamento fotofísico dos corantes impregnados nos materiais pilarizados foram estudados
Abstract: Recently, the interest to obtain modified layered materials is increasing, due to their properties and possible scientific and technological applications. Silicic acids such as magadiite, kenyaite and ilerite are extremely versatile compounds, allowing to vary the basal spacing by intercalation with carbonic long chains groups or ionic exchange process. Other possible modifications are isomorphic substitution by aluminum, titanium or iron atoms, with changeing the lamella chemical properties. In this investigation layered silicic acids magadiite, ilerite and kenyaite, containing also Al and Ti atoms inserted into the lamellar structure, were synthesized by hydrothermal method. For all cases was observed that with the increase of metal amount added or the hydrothermal treatment time there are phase transitions, following the order: from amorphous, to layered phase to crystobalite and tridimite, as mixtures of them at intermediate situations. Different pilarization methods with TiO2 were exhaustedly tested by varying many parameters. The most efficient methods used CTAB and TBAOH as swelling agents under reflux at 353 K, followed by direct alcoxide addition on the dry material, then refluxed at 363 K with dry nitrogen atmosphere. These materials have mesopores with 4.8 nm average diameter, nevertheless just 270 m g surface area. Some pillared materials were used to immobilize the photocatalyst pyrylium (TPP) and thiopyrylium (TPTP) and then test in the photocatalytic degradation of methidathion pesticide. The hybrid materials showed a better activity than that of pure organic, what means a great initial point to optimize this process. The photophysic behavior of impregnated dyes on pillared materials was also studied
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
Bonfils, Benjamin. "Mécanismes et verrous de la carbonatation minérale du CO2 en voie aqueuse." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7920/1/bonfils_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textAupoil, Julien. "Etude des mécanismes de dissolution/polycondensation lors de la géopolymérisation : réactivité du métakaolin et influence de la solution d'activation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET014.
Full textGeopolymers are alternative aluminosilicates binders prepared from metakaolin and alkaline silicate solutions. However, the origin of their setting through a massive polycondensation of aluminosilicates remains unclear. The influence of hydroxide ions and of the stoichiometry Si-Al-alkali in solution has to be clarified. But these species are also implicated in the dissolution of metakaolin. First, interactions between hydroxides and silicates in the activating solution were expressed by means of the Hammett function H- to quantify free hydroxides, and of the buffering capacity β to quantify hydroxide bonded to silicates. Then the dissolution was dissociated from the polycondensation by progressively diluting the metakaolin mixed with the solution. The dissolution was then monitored by microcalorimetry and static 27Al NMR. As a complement, the geopolymerization was described as occurring in several steps using rheometry, conductimetry, SAXS and QENS. Third, a microcalorimetry-NMR correlation exhibited that the dissolution pathway remained unchanged whatever the initial silicate and sodium concentrations and the nature of the alkali used, thus whatever the initial H- and β. On the contrary, the higher those parameters, the higher the dissolution rate. The rheological setting time of geopolymers is also directly dependent on the dissolution rate. The suggested mechanisms involves that the initially bonded hydroxides in the activating solution, expressed by β, are progressively released in solution according to a dissolution-condensation loop process
Scannell, Garth. "Understanding the structure and deformation of titanium-containing silicate glasses from their elastic responses to external stimuli." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158591.
Full textThe responses of structure and properties to composition and temperature have been investigated for glasses in TiO2-SiO2 and Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Additionally, the response of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses to plastic deformation has been studied. (x)TiO2-(1-x)SiO2 glasses were prepared through the sol-gel process with compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol% and compared to commercial glasses prepared through flame hydrolysis deposition with x = 0, 5.4, and 8.3 mol%. (x) Na2O - (y) TiO 2 - (1-x-y) SiO2 glasses were prepared with x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol% and y = 4, 7, and 10 mol% through a melt-quench process. Density and index of refraction of glasses was measured through the Archimedes's method and using a prism coupler, respectively. The glass transition temperature of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses was measured through differential thermal analysis.
The structure and elastic moduli have been studied through Raman spectroscopy and Brillouin light scattering, respectively, at room temperature and in-situ up to 1200 °C for TiO2-SiO2 glasses and up to 800 °C for Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses. Young's modulus was observed to decrease from 72 GPa to 66 GPa with the addition of 8.3 mol% TiO2 in TiO2-SiO2 glasses and to increase from 65 GPa to 73 GPa with the addition of 10 mol% TiO2 in 10 Na2O - (0-10) TiO2-SiO2 glasses. The addition of TiO2 was observed to shift the 460, 490, and 600 cm-1 Raman peaks to lower frequencies in TiO2-SiO2 glasses, suggesting a more open and flexible network, and the 720, 800, and 840 cm -1 Raman peaks to higher frequencies in Na2O-TiO2 -SiO2 glasses, suggesting a lower free volume and stiffer network. The addition of TiO2 has little effect on the temperature response of the elastic moduli in either system, but decreases the thermal expansion and increases the frequency shifts in the 950 and 1100 cm -1 Raman peaks in the TiO2-SiO2 system while the thermal expansion increases with initial additions of TiO2 and then remains constant in the Na2O-TiO2-SiO 2 system.
Changes in structure and property with composition have been discussed, and structural models were proposed. The reduction of thermal expansion and elastic moduli in TiO2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the promotion of cooperative, inter-tetrahedral rotations facilitated by the longer and weaker Ti-O bonds. The increase in elastic moduli in the Na2O-TiO 2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the formation of small clusters with local, relatively high Ti and Na concentrations, promoted by Ti adopting a five-fold coordination in a square-pyramidal geometry. These clusters work to shield the silica network from non-bridging oxygens from the presence of Na while simultaneously increasing the volume bond density of the glass.
For Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses, the response to mechanical damage and plastic deformation has been examined through Vickers indentation experiments at loads from 10 mN to 49 N. Fracture toughness was measured through the single-edge precracked beam method. The permanent deformation volumes around Vickers indents were investigated through atomic force microscopy. Critical loads for crack initiation and cracking patterns were systematically investigated and correlated with the elastic properties of glass. Vickers indents were observed to change from a mixture of radial/median and cone cracks to radial/median and lateral cracks as Poisson's ratio increases. As Poisson's ratio increases hardness decreases from 5.5 GPa to 4.5 GPa, the average radial/median crack length roughly doubles, and fracture toughness remains constant. A minimum in the critical crack initiation load was observed at ν = 0.21–0.22. The volume of glass deformed through shear flow during indentation increases gradually with increasing Poisson's ratio, becomes larger than the densified volume at ν = 0.237. The densified volume increases between ν = 0.18 and ν = 0.21 and decreases rapidly from 16.5 µm3 to 8.7 µm3 at ν = 0.235–0.237. A correlation between the minimum in crack initiation load and the change in deformation mechanisms over the same Poisson’s ratio range was observed.
Quina, Antonio de Jesus Alves de. "Estudos das Propriedades de Termoluminescência (TL), Ressonância Paramagnética (EPR) e Absorção Ótica (AO) para caracterização do mineral Monticelita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-07102016-080128/.
Full textThe properties of optical absorption, thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance of natural silicate mineral named MONTICELLITE belonging to Olivine group have been investigate in order to characterize this mineral of chemical formula CaMgSiO4. The optical absorption spectrum has shown that there are three bands in visible and near infrared. They occur at 450, 660 and 1050 nm. The two first absorption bands, first one around blue and second one around yellow-red are responsible for green colour of mineral. It was shown that these two absorption bands are due to absorption by chromium contained in the material of 450 nm photon and 660 nm photon from incident beam in the spectrophotometer causing excitation from fundamental to two excited states. 1050 nm band is due to Fe2+. Glow curves of Monticellite sample irradiated with γ-rays have shown TL peaks at 150, 270 e 370 °C. Using deconvolution method and various heating rates method following activation energy and frequency factor values for 270 °C peak, E1=1.35 eV and s1=4,98x1011 s-1 and for 370 °C peak E2=1.70 eV and s2=1,88x1011 s-1. Irradiation with y-rays with dose varying from 5 to 50 kGy a linear TL vs dose curve was obtained. This result shows that Monticellite Mineral can be used for high dose radiation dosimetry. The EPR spectrum of the natural sample presented an unexpected and interesting result. Besides a typical six lines due to hyperfine interaction in Mn2+ ion, a large signal with g =6,34 indicate an aggregate of hematite (Fe2O3). This signal changes into Fe3+ signal with g =2, under annealing at high temperatures of 800 to 1100 °C. Altogether these results characterize sufficiently enough the mineral Monticellite.
Silva, Dailto 1960. "A mobilidade dos elementos traço e geração de fusão félsica na crosta durante o impacto de meteoritos : implicações para a evolução da crosta hadeana." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287218.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: A pesquisa foi realizada na cratera de impacto de meteorito de Araguainha (Goiás / Mato Grosso, Brasil) e compreendeu três desenvolvimentos científicos principais. O primeiro engloba a petrografia e geoquímica de rochas graníticas parcialmente fundidas do núcleo da cratera de impacto. Foi possível separar, por petrografia e posicionamento geográfico, os litotipos do granito preservado (GP) dos litotipos de fusão (granito parcialmente fundido (GPF), veios de fusão (VF) e capa de fusão (CF)). Contudo, estes litotipos apresentam características geoquímicas muito semelhantes para elementos maiores, menores, traços e terras raras. O diagrama que se mostrou o melhor discriminante entre os litotipos de fusão e os granitos preservados foi o Th/U x TiO2, que indica enriquecimento relativo na razão Th/U nos granitos. O granito preservado é também rico em quartzo e apresenta empobrecimento em elementos como Ti, Zr, Ce, Y, Eu, Nb e elementos terras raras. Essas características permitem postular uma possível influência hidrotermal na geração dos litotipos de fusão. O segundo desenvolvimento aborda a mobilidade dos elementos traço e geração de fusões félsicas na crosta terrestre durante o impacto de meteoritos e implicações para a evolução da crosta Hadeana. Nesse caso, o processo de acresção crustal por impacto pode ser um mecanismo complementar, capaz de explicar uma importante modificação da crosta terrestre Hadeana ocorrida entre 3.9-4.5 Ga. O terceiro desenvolvimento trata dos efeitos do impacto na indução de fusão incongruente da crosta da Terra, tendo como base a fusão da biotita. O estudo mostrou que a biotita pré-impacto é distinta daquela pós-impacto, com texturas, estrutura e quimismo contrastantes. Demonstrou-se que até 9% do granito de Araguainha é produto de cristalização a partir da quebra da biotita. A biotita funde incongruentemente durante o processo de impacto, produzindo uma fusão aluminosa, que preenche bolsões e rede de fraturas nas rochas. Impactos do tamanho de Araguainha ou maiores são capazes de gerar volumes substanciais de fundidos aluminosos na crosta
Abstract: The focus of this PhD thesis is on granitic targets impacted by meteorites and felsic melting generation in the crust during impacts. Key features of the Araguainha impact crater (Goiás / Mato Grosso, Brazil) were employed as a control. Field, petrographic and analytical data collected in the study area were grouped into three, central scientific developments. The first comprises the petrography and geochemistry of partially melted granitic rocks observed in the core of the Araguainha crater. The work shows that it is possible to separate, by petrography and geographical positioning, preserved granite rocks from melt rock types, such as the partially melted granite (GPF), the melted veins (VF), and the melted caps (CF). These rock types have very similar geochemical characteristics regarding major, minor, trace and rare earth elements. However, melt rock types are readily discriminated from preserved granites in Th/U x TiO2 scatergrams; granites show relative enrichment in the ratio Th/U. Another noteworthy feature is that the preserved granite rich in quartz is depleted in Ti, Zr, Ce, Y, I, Nb and REE, indicating a possible influence of hydrothermal systems in the formation of melt products. The second development provides clues on the mobility of trace elements and generation of felsic melts in the crust during the meteorite impact, and implications for the evolution of the Hadean crust. It is argued that process of crustal accretion by impacts may have been one of the mechanisms that can explain important modification of the Earth's crust during the Hadean (3.9-4.5 Ga). The third development deals with the effects of shock-induced incongruent melting within Earth's crust, using the case of biotite melting. It was demonstrated that pre-impact and pos-impact biotites found in Araguainha show distinct textures, structures and chemistry. Results show that up to 9% of Araguainha granite is a product of magma crystallization from breakdown of biotite. The biotite melts incongruently during the impact process, producing an aluminous fusion, which fulfills pockets and fracture networks of the rocks. Impacts of the size of Araguainha or larger seem to be capable of generating substantial amounts of aluminous melt in the crust
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
Foltran, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Aplicação de calcário, silicato e gesso em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar sem despalha a fogo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86357.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O Brasil é destaque internacional na produção de cana-de-açúcar, sendo o Estado de São Paulo responsável por 68% da produção de cana com aproximadamente 3,7 milhões de ha. (FNP, 2008). A aplicação de calcário em superfície, sem incorporação, tem-se mostrado viável em sistema de plantio direto para diversas culturas. Porém, para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sem queima prévia, ainda não se tem um estudo detalhado. Como no sistema de produção de cana crua também é mantida a palha sobre o solo, é possível obter os mesmos benefícios ou até melhores em razão da grande quantidade de palha e do sistema radicular da cana. Outra alavanca tecnológica e ecologicamente correta é o uso de silicato de cálcio como corretivo de solo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos promovidos no solo e na produção de colmos de cana pela aplicação de doses de calcário, silicato de cálcio e gesso em soqueira de cana crua. Instalou-se quatro experimentos no ano agrícola de 2002/03, num Latossolo vermelho-amarelo arenoso. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Experimento (I): Os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 4 x2, em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas compostas de quatro doses de calcário (0, 900, 1800 e 3600 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas por duas doses de gesso (0 e 1700 kg ha-1). Experimento (II): As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de silicato (0, 850, 1700 e 3400 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas por duas doses de gesso (0 e 1700 kg ha-1) em esquema de parcela subdividida. Experimento (III): As parcelas foram compostas por dois corretivos (calcário e silicato) e as subparcelas por quatro níveis de corretivos (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 vezes a necessidade de calagem). Experimento (IV): Composto por seis tratamentos- 1) testemunha; 2) gesso agrícola; 3) calcário; 4) silicato; 5) mistura...
Sugarcane production in Brazil is the biggest in the world. There are two main producing regions: Northeast and Center-South. Sao Paulo State is responsible for 68% of cane production with approximately 3.7 milion ha. Surface liming without incorporation is considered feasible in no-tillage system for several crops. However, as to sugarcane a comprehensive study has not been made so far. Another technological eco-friendly tool is the use of slag as a soil acidity corrective material. This research aimed at comparing the effects in the soil and cane production brought by the application of limestone, calcium silicate and gypsum in green sugarcane ratton. Four experiment was carried out on Latosol in 2002/2003. A randomized complete block design, in split-plot scheme, and four replications was used. Experiment (I): The plots were composed by four dolomite limestone levels (0, 900, 1800 e 3600 kg ha-1) and the subplot were composed by without and with phosphogypsum application (0 e 1700 kg ha-1). Experiment (II): The plots were composed by four calcium silicate levels (0, 850, 1700 e 3400 kg ha-1) and the subplot were composed by without and with phosphogypsum application (0 e 1700 kg ha-1). Experiment (III): The plot were composed by two soil acidity corrective (limestone and calcium silicate) and the subplot composed by four levels. Experiment (IV): Composed by six treatment: 1) check; 2) phosphogypsum; 3) limestone; 4) calcium silicate; 5) limestone + phosphogypsum; 6) calcium silicate + phosphogypsum. Evaluated cane yields and soil chemical characteristics at 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40; 0,40-0,60 m depth. Limestone and Calcium silicate promoted acidity reduction and increasing on Ca and Mg content of soil profile.
Oliveira, Vaeudo Valdimiro 1982. "Sílicas mesoporosas e silicatos lamelares contendo agentes organofuncionalizados : sorção e liberação controlada de fármacos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250068.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Na presente investigação foram sintetizados os híbridos inorgânico-orgânicos micro/mesoestruturados: a) silicato lamelar do tipo kanemita sódica, b) sua forma quimicamente modificada com cobre e c) sílica mesoporosa SBA-16. A combinação dos reagentes Na2SiO3/NaOH/etanol e Na2SiO3/NaOH/Cu(NO3)2/etanol propiciaram a obtenção de kanemita sódica e sua forma contendo o cobre incorporado na estrutura inorgânica, através da substituição isomórfica do silício nas razões molares Si/Cu = 50, 100 e 200. Para as sílicas mesoporosas foram usados sistemas formados por copolímeros F127/TEOS/H2O, F127/TEOS/etanol/H2O e F127/TEOS/butanol/H2O em meio ácido. Os materiais organofuncionalizados previamente intercalado com dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) e etilenodiamina (EN) formam os sólidos lamelares Na-KN-DMSO, Na-KN-EN e Cu-KN-EN, através do processo de pós-síntese com o agente sililante 3-iodopropiltrimetoxissilano, que reagiu subsequentemente com dietil iminodiacetato e benzidina, formando os híbridos mesoporosos. Os híbridos lamelares foram aplicados na sorção de metais e corantes em soluções aquosas. Dentre os cátions bário, cobalto e cobre, o cobre foi mais facilmente sorvido em Na-KN-EN quando comparado com Na-KN-DMSO. No caso dos corantes verde brilhante e azul reativo 15, o primeiro foi também mais eficiente na sorção. No processo de liberação de fármacos amoxicilina e omeprazol foram utilizados os híbridos mesoporosos. Os dados de liberação mostram que o primeiro fármaco apresentou uma cinética de liberação satisfatória no fluido intestinal simulado (FIS), enquanto que o omeprazol liberou em maior quantidade no fluido gástrico simulado (FGS)
Abstract: The present investigation deals with the syntheses of inorganic-organic nano/mesostrutered hybrids: a) sodic lamellar silicate kanemite, b) its chemically modified form with copper and c) SBA-16 mesoporous silicas. The reagents combination Na2SiO3/NaOH/ethanol and Na2SiO3/NaOH/Cu(NO3)2/ethanol enabled to obtain sodic kanemite and its synthesized form containing incorporated copper in the inorganic structure, through the isomorphic substitution of silicon using the molar ratio Si/Cu = 50, 100 and 200. For mesoporous silicas the copolymers F127/TEOS/H2O, F127/TEOS/ethanol/H2O and F127/TEOS/butanol/H2O in acidic condition were used. The synthesized organofunctionalized materials were previously intercalated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylenediamine (EN) in the Na-KN-DMSO, Na-KN-EN and Cu-KN-EM lamellar solids, through the post-synthesis process with the silylating agent 3-iodopropyltrimethoxysilane, which subsequently reacted with diethyl iminodiacetate and benzidine. The lamellar hybrids were applied for cation and dye sorption processes. Among barium, cobalt and copper, the last cation was more favorable sorbed in Na-KN-EN, when compared with Na-KN-DMSO. In case of brilliant green and reactive blue 15 dyes, the first one was also more efficient in sorption. The controlled drug delivery process, amoxicillin and omeprazole were applied with mesoporous hybrid systems. The delivery data demonstrated that the first drug presented a satisfactory kinetic in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), while omeprazole presented high amount in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF)
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
Rzeplinski, Igor. "Implications de la chimie du xénon sur les contextes planétaire et nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS268.
Full textXenon (Xe) is the heaviest element among the stable noble gases series. This element undergoes a geochemical paradox involving its elemental abundance and its isotopic fractionation. Several theories has been proposed as solutions. Here we investigate the hypothesis of Xe incorporation in silicates at moderate pressure. Samples are made from natural mineral powders loaded with Xe-enriched gas, heated up to a temperature between 800 and 1,400 °C under 3.5 GPa. A significant isotopic fractionation is observed for 11 samples showing a maximum value d(Xe) = 2.30 ± 0.19 ‰ per atomic mass unit. Based on these results, we propose a scenario as the Xe paradox solution (Rzeplinski et al., 2022). It consists firstly in the incorporation of Xe in crystals solidifying from successive magma oceans within the 100 first million years of Earth existence. This incorporation favors the heaviest isotopes retention within minerals. Then, each planetesimal impact generating a new magma ocean triggers the escape of a significant part of the atmosphere, which is lost to space. Finally, Xe contained into silicates progressively degas and overprints the chondritic signature of the secondary atmosphere until reaching nowadays observed value. This scenario can be extended to Mars. In addition, our work provides us phases containing up to 0.318 ± 0.016 n%Xe. Those materials could have a potential application in nuclear industry. By delaying the appearance of Xe bubbles in the fuel, its burnup could be increased
Engel, Sylvia [Verfasser]. "Bioverkapselung lebender Bakterien (Escherichia coli) mit Poly-(Silicat) nach Transformation mit dem Silicatein-alpha-Gen / Sylvia Engel." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025406796/34.
Full textMISSO, AGATHA M. "Síntese e caracterização de fósforos a base de silicatos de cálcio e magnésio dopados com európio e disprósio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27510.
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Fósforos a base de silicatos de Ca e Mg foram preparados pelo método sol-gel combinado com o processo de sais fundidos. O gel de sílica foi obtido a partir da solução de Na2SiO3 usando soluções de cloretos de európio, disprósio, cálcio e magnésio. Assim, estes cloretos foram homogeneamente distribuídos no gel. O gel obtido foi seco e tratado termicamente a 900°C por 1h para permitir a fusão dos sais presentes. Em seguida o material foi lavado com água até teste negativo para íons Cl- e seco em estufa a 80°C. A redução do európio para Eu2+ foi realizada em um forno sob atmosfera de 5% de H2 e 95% de Ar a 900°C por 3h para obter os fósforos de CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ e CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+:Dy3+. Nos difratogramas de DRX das amostras, a diopsita foi identificada como fase cristalina principal e quartzo, como a secundária. Micrografias obtidas por MEV (microscopia eletrônica de varredura), das amostras, mostraram morfologia acicular, esférica, folhas e bastonetes das partículas e dos aglomerados . Curva de análise térmica (TGA-DTGA) revelou que a temperatura de cristalização do CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ é próxima de 765°C. Estudos de espectroscopia de fotoluminescência foram baseados nas transições interconfiguracionais 4fN → 4fN-1 5d do íon Eu2+. O espectro de excitação apresentou banda larga relativa à transição de transferência de carga ligante metal (LMCT) O2- (2p) → Eu3+ na região de 250 nm e bandas finas oriundas das transições 4f → 4f do íon Eu3+ , mostrando a transição 7F0 → 5L6 em 393 nm quando a emissão é monitorada em 583,5 nm. E o espectro de emissão com excitação monitorada em 393 nm apresentou picos finos entre 570 e 750 nm característicos das transições 5D0 → 7 FJ (J = 0 - 5) do íon Eu3+ , indicando que o íon Eu3+ se encontra em um sítio com centro de inversão. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o método desenvolvido é viável na síntese de fóforos, CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ e CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+:Dy3+ como foi proposto.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Andrade, Aline Silva. "Biocompatibilidade e bioatividade de cimentos à base de silicato tricálcico : estudo in vitro e in vivo /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138911.
Full textBanca: Gisele Faria
Banca: Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte
Resumo: Cimentos à base de silicato tricálcico são desenvolvidos como alternativa ao Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a biocompatibilidade e bioatividade do cimento experimental silicato tricálcico com 20% de óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) (STC) e MTA Plus (MTAP). Capítulo1- Células humanas de osteoblastos (Saos-2) foram utilizadas para análise da viabilidade celular por meio dos ensaios de MTT e Vermelho Neutro (NR), da bioatividade pela atividade da enzima fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e da presença de área mineralizada pela coloração de Vermelho de Alizarina (ARS). Os dados obtidos para MTT, NR e ALP foram analisados por ANOVA e Bonferroni, e ARS, por ANOVA e Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Nos ensaios de viabilidade celular, os materiais não foram citotóxicos. Maior atividade de ALP ocorreu aos 7 dias para todos materiais avaliados. Área mineralizada foi observada em todos os grupos, sendo menor para o grupo STC. Concluiu-se que o cimento experimental silicato tricálcico com 20% de óxido de zircônio e MTA Plus apresentam citocompatibilidade e potencial bioativo. Capítulo 2- A reação inflamatória induzida pelo STC e MTAP foi investigada em subcutâneo de ratos. Tubos de polietileno foram preenchidos com STC (n= 20) e MTAP (n= 20) e implantados no subcutâneo dorsal de quarenta ratos. No grupo controle (GC; n= 20), tubos vazios foram implantados. Após 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias, os tubos de polietileno com o tecido conjuntivo circundante foram fixados e embebidos em parafina. O núme... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Tricalcium silicate- based cements have been developed as an alternative to Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA). The aim of the study was to evaluate biocompatibility and bioactivity of the tricalcium silicate cement replaced with 20% zirconium oxide (STC) e MTA Plus (MTAP). Chaper 1- Human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2) were exposed to test materials and assessed for viability, MTT and Neutral Red (NR) assay, and bioactivity for ALP activity assay and alizarin red staining (ARS). Unexposed cells acted as the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Bonferroni post- test (P < 0.05) to MTT, NR and ALP, and ANOVA and Tukey post- test (P ≤ 0.05) to ARS. MTT and NR results, all tested cements were non-cytotoxic. The highest ALP activity occurred at the 7th days. Mineralized area was observed in all materials, STC group showed lower mineralized area. Experimental tricalcium silicate with 20% zirconium oxide and MTA Plus have present biocompatibility and bioactive potential. Chapter 2- The inflammatory reaction induced by tricalcium silicate cement replaced with 20% zirconium oxide (STC) e MTA Plus (MTAP) was evaluated in rat subcutaneous tissues. A polyethylene tube filled with STC (n= 20) and MTAP (n= 20) was placed into the dorsal subcutaneous of forty rats; in the control group (GC; n= 20), empty tubes were implanted. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the polyethylene tubes surrounded by connective tissue were embedded in paraffin. The number of inflammatory ce... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Cruz, Alenice Ferreira. "Remo??o de bisfenol-A por silicatos modificados com cobalto." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1309.
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O bisfenol-A ? um importante produto qu?mico, amplamente utilizado em ind?strias para a produ??o de policarbonatos, resinas epoxi e outros pl?sticos. Existe uma car?ncia em desenvolver m?todos eficazes para remov?-lo de efluentes. Uma vez que, o mesmo faz parte dos chamados poluentes emergentes, pois ? um contaminante prejudicial para os organismos, mesmo em baixas concentra??es, devido ao seu efeito nocivo sobre sa?de. Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o desempenho de dois silicatos mesoporosos (MCM-41 e Co-silicato) frente ? adsor??o do bisfenol-A. Os perfis de difra??o de raio-X dos materiais confirmaram a forma??o da MCM-41 e o material modificado (Co-silicato) demonstrou alterar ao ?nico elemento de ordem estrutural, que ? a disposi??o dos canais paralelos (2?=2). As imagens de MEV mostraram que os materiais n?o apresentaram morfologia definida. Dados indicaram que ambos os materiais apresentam elevada ?rea espec?fica, sendo 988 m2g-1 para MCM-41 e 729 m2g-1 para Co-silicato. O material Co-silicato mostrou elevado potencial como adsorvente, frente ? MCM-41. A elevada ?rea superficial, aliada ao tamanho dos poros, juntamente com a presen?a de ?ons met?licos (cobalto) favoreceram o processo de adsor??o. A forma??o de s?tios ativos no silicato, ap?s a inser??o de cobalto, favoreceu a adsor??o do contaminante. A partir dos testes de adsor??o realizados em pH 3, 6 e 9 foi poss?vel notar que o material que teve uma melhor capacidade de adsor??o foi o material Co-silicato. Diante dos testes de cin?tica, o material Co-silicato nas faixas de pH analisadas demonstrou maior potencial de adsor??o do bisfenol-A, em rela??o ao resultados de remo??o obtidos com o material MCM-41. Os modelos utilizados para os ajustes matem?ticos da adsor??o foram as isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich, e Redlich-Peterson. O valor do coeficiente de correla??o (R2) 0,9641 pH 3; (R2) 0,9834 pH 6 e (R2) 0,9959 pH 9 dos par?metros de Redlich-Peterson sugeriram que o modelo de Redlich-Peterson descreve melhor o comportamento de adsor??o de bisfenol-A no material Co-silicato, j? que apresenta maior valor do coeficiente de correla??o em pH testados, comparando com os valores de correla??o (R2) de Langmuir e Freundlich. Os dados revelaram que a modifica??o da MCM-41 com ?tomos de cobalto alteraram as propriedades f?sico-qu?mica do material, e potencializou o adsorvente para adsor??o da mol?cula de bisfenol-A.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
Bisphenol-A is an important chemical, widely used in industries for the production of polycarbonates, epoxy resins and other plastics. There is a lack of effective methods to remove it from effluents. Since it is part of so-called emerging pollutants, it is a harmful contaminant for organisms, even in low concentrations, because of its harmful effect on health. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of two mesoporous silicates (MCM-41 and Co-silicate) against the adsorption of bisphenol-A. The X-ray diffraction profiles of the materials confirmed the formation of MCM-41 and the modified material (Co-silicate) was shown to change to the only structural element, which is the arrangement of the parallel channels (2? = 2). The SEM images showed that the materials did not present definite morphology. Data indicated that both materials presented a high specific area, being 988 m2g- 1 for MCM-41 and 729 m2g-1 for Co-silicate. Co-silicate material showed high adsorbent potential compared to MCM-41. The high surface area, together with the pore size, together with the presence of metallic ions (cobalt) favored the adsorption process. The formation of active sites in the silicate, after the insertion of cobalt, favored the adsorption of the contaminant. From the adsorption tests carried out at pH 3, 6 and 9 it was possible to observe that the material with the best adsorption capacity was the Co-silicate material. Due to the kinetic tests, the Co-silicate material in the analyzed pH ranges showed a higher adsorption potential of bisphenol-A in relation to the removal results obtained with the MCM-41 material. The models used for the mathematical adjustments of the adsorption were the isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson. The value of the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9641 pH 3; (R2) 0.9834 pH 6 and (R2) 0.9959 pH 9 of the Redlich-Peterson parameters suggested that the Redlich-Peterson model better describes the adsorption behavior of bisphenol-A in the Co-silicate material, since it presents Higher value of the pH correlation coefficient tested, compared with the Langmuir and Freundlich correlation values (R2). The data revealed that the modification of MCM-41 with cobalt atoms altered the physicochemical properties of the material and potentiated the adsorbent for adsorption of the bisphenol-A molecule.
Ramos, Francisca Solânea de Oliveira 1985. "Estruturas 3D a partir de estruturas 2D : transformações hidrotérmica e topotática." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250404.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A aplicação dos silicatos lamelares como catalisadores apresenta como limitações as baixas área superficial e acidez, porém, esses sólidos têm como principais propriedades a reatividade dos grupos Si-OH e Si-ONa da superfície de suas lamelas e sua capacidade de troca iônica. Em função disso, esses sólidos podem sofrer uma variedade de modificações em sua superfície e em seu espaço lamelar e até passar de uma estrutura 2D para uma estrutura 3D. As lamelas do silicato lamelar Na-RUB-18, além de serem recobertas por Si-OH e Si-O, são constituídas de cavidades de quatro anéis de cinco membros [5], presentes tanto no RUB-24 quanto na MOR, assim como em outros zeólitos, indicando que tal lamelar seja potencial precursor de estruturas zeolíticas. Por tais motivos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e descrever como o Na-RUB-18 se transforma nas estruturas zeolíticas MOR e RUB-24, por processos hidrotérmico e topotático, respectivamente, e como essas estruturas 2D e 3D se relacionam. A gradual aproximação das lamelas do Na-RUB-18 e conseqüente condensação dos grupos Si-OH, ou seja, unidades Q ([O4Si]3Si-OH), ocasiona a formação de ligações Si-O-Si, unidades Q ([O4Si]4-Si), gerando a estrutura 3D. No caso do zeólito MOR, esse processo é induzido pela adição de uma fonte de alumínio, Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 ou Na2Al2O4. O presente trabalho também investiga a etapa de aproximação das lamelas do Na-RUB-18, ocasionando na sua condensação em RUB-24. A condensação das lamelas do precursor lamelar no RUB-24 via processo topotático é conduzida por um agente direcionador de estrutura, o íon trietilenotetramônio, comprovando que tal processo, como a transformação hidrotérmica, não acontece aleatoriamente
Abstract: The application of the layered silicates in heterogeneous catalysis has limitations such as low surface area and acidity. However, these solids also have ion exchange capacity and their surfaces can be covalently modified with silylation reagents. As a result, they can undergo a variety of surface changes yielding modifications in interlayer space and in the structure lamellar that may even cause collapse of a 2D structure to a 3D. The framework of layered silicate Na-RUB-18 is composed of four five-membered rings, [5] and its surface made of Si-OH and Si-ONa. The [5] cage is a building unit also found in zeolitic structures, as RUB-24 and MOR, indicating that the structure of Na-RUB-18 contains important elements of microporous materials structures and should be regarded as a potential precursor structure to the three-dimensional four-connected microporous framework silicates. This work aimed of studying and describing the transformations of the Na-RUB-18 into MOR and RUB-24 by hydrothermal and topotactic process, respectively. The gradual reduction of interlayer distance of the Na-RUB-18 led to the condensation of the Si-OH groups, Q units ([O4Si]3Si-OH), forming Si-O-Si bonds, Q units ([O4Si]4-Si), i.e., a 3D structure. In the preparation of MOR zeolite by hydrothermal transformation, the process is conducted through addition of a aluminum source, Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 or Na2Al2O4. This work also investigated the formation of RUB-24 through Na-RUB-18 collapsing. The topotactic reaction between Si-OH groups of the lamellar precursor was conducted by a structure-directing agent, triethylenetetrammonium ion, proving that this process, as the hydrothermal transformation, does not occur randomly
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestra em Química
Santos, Felipe Antunes. "Vitrocerâmica à base de silicato de lítio para uso como material dentário utilizando casca de arroz como fonte alternativa de silica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97133/tde-08102013-084019/.
Full textThis work suggests the replacement of commercial silica by silica obtained from rice husk as alternative source for obtaining lithium disilicate material that can be used in dental application. The lithium disilicate as dental material is a glass-ceramic that has good mechanical properties and chemical stability. For these developments the materials have been obtained using stoichiometry of 33.33%mol. Li2O and 66.67%mol. SiO2, without complementary oxide addition or with, seeking better fracture toughness comportment, to both sources of silica, commercial and from rice husk. As initial characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed for the mixtures of materials before and after the fusion to obtain the glasses. For materials without oxide addition, the two materials developed were characterized for their devitrification, in other words, the transition from glass to glass-ceramic was observed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), using different heating rates and granulometries. Peak crystallization temperatures (Tp), to both silica sources, heat rate 10°C/min and 1mm of granulometry, was in average values of 640°C. The DTA was used to verify the devitrification in material with oxide addition too. In addition, to observe the possible formation of intermediate phases on stoichiometric system of lithium disilicate, were also carried out high temperature X-ray diffractomery (HTXRD). To view the microstructural changes occurring in the system, according to the variation of heat treatments temperatures (HT), silica source and oxides influence, characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic behavior of the materials in cell colonies was observed by the cytotoxicity test. Mechanical properties, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness, were determined by calculus, using Vickers test data. Values of approximately 1.75 MPam½ were obtained for both silica sources with oxide addition to 660°C (HT). Results obtained show great potential in the replacement of commercial silica by rice husk silica.
Carrera, Betzabel Noemi Silva. "Estudo de propriedades de termoluminescência e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica de lapis lazuli." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24062015-163152/.
Full textLapis Lazuli is a natural silicate mineral investigated in the present work. It is a complex solid solution of four other silicate minerals, sodalite, Nosean, Hanyne and Lazurite. This compositon of solid solution does not allow the estimate of the percentage of each mineral component from the result of X ray fluorescence analysis, which has revealed as main oxide components of lapis lazuli as (in mol % ) SiO_2 (33,2), CaO (16,3), MgO (12,1) and Al_2 O_3 (10,1) and in smaller concentrations Na_2 O (6,10), SiO_3 (5,90), Fe_2 O_3 (2,05), K_2 O (1,90) plus others in even smaller concentration. For the characterization of the lapis lazuli sample, we used thermoluminescence (TL), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and reflectance spectroscopy techniques. In TL, of course, glow curves of natural or irradiated or annealed samples have been used.\\\\ A typical glow curve presented peaks at 296.5°C and at 372°C, but irradiated sample has shown peaks at 140°C, 250°C and 350°C. Later it was shown that 140 °C peak is actually a superposition of 116°C and 160°C peaks. The second peak is the prominent one and its height grows linearly with the dose up to about 7000 to 8000 Gy. Lapis lazuli presents an anomalous fading. The first peak decays from 3400 (a.u.) to 1700 (a.u.) in 45 hours, the second peak decays from 8500 (a.u.) to 3000 (a.u.) in the same 45 hours. For the evalution of parameters E and s, peak shape method and Tm-Tstop methods have been used. The third method based on various heating rates for TL reading, with the direct use of method yielded unrealistic E and s values. We did not find explanation why, but doing the deconvolution of glow curves for each heating rate we found more realistic results. The deconvolution has shown four peaks at 110°C, 146°C, 191°C ands 245°C with E-values, respectively equal to 1.229eV, 1,23eV, 1.24eV and 1,25 eV. The EPR spectrum of natural sample consisted of six signals of Mn^(2+) and strong Fe^(3+) signal at g=2,0. The irradiation of the order of tens of kGy produced a signal around g=2,003 due to radiation induced F-center. The reflectance spectrum shows a dip around 600- 800nm which corresponds to an absorption band of the same wavelength and is responsible for blue colour.
Leite, Regina Marques [UNESP]. "Efeito da escória de siderurgia na nutrição e desenvolvimento inicial de eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90609.
Full textA escória de siderurgia é um dos resíduos gerados durante a produção de ferro-gusa. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de ferro-gusa e isso significa geração de aproximadamente dez milhões de toneladas por ano deste passivo ambiental. Entretanto, as escórias básicas de siderurgia podem ser usadas como corretivos de acidez do solo, fornecendo cálcio, magnésio e silício, sendo que o seu uso evita a extração de outros produtos da natureza, como o calcário, por exemplo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a influência das escórias de siderurgia no crescimento e nutrição do eucalipto na sua fase inicial (6 meses pós plantio) e nos atributos químicos do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo e Neossolo Quartzarênico e foi analisado de duas formas: 1ª) avaliação do efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de escória (doses proporcionais a zero; 300; 600; 1200 e 2400 kg/ha); e 2ª) comparação do tratamento equivalente a 2400 kg/ha de escória com testemunha absoluta, adubação química (somente NPK) e calcário. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com seis repetições. Foram realizadas análises químicas de solo aos três e aos seis meses após o início da condução do experimento. Avaliou-se mensalmente a altura e o diâmetro das plantas e, ao encerramento, quantificou-se massa verde e massa seca de folhas, galhos, tronco e raízes, área foliar, teores de macro e micronutrientes e silício nas folhas, galhos, tronco e raízes. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com o auxílio do programa SISVAR.2 Os resultados indicaram que, após três meses, a aplicação de 2400 kg/ha de escória proporcionou aumento do pH e V% do solo e redução da acidez potencial em ambos os solos. Após seis meses do plantio, os valores de pH foram semelhantes quando se comparou a dose de 2400 kg/ha com o calcário...
Blast furnace slag is one of residues generated during cast-iron production. Brazil is one of the largest producers of cast-iron. This means the generation of approximately ten million tonnes per year of environmental liabilities. However, slag can be used as soil pH-correcting material supplying calcium, magnesium and silicon, and that its use prevents the extraction of other products of nature, such as limestone, for example. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of blast furnace slags on growth and nutrition of eucalyptus in its initial phase (6 months after planting) and chemical soil attributes. The experiment was conducted in Oxisol and a Typic Quartzipsamment and was analyzed in two ways: 1st) evaluation of the effect of application of increasing slag doses (rates proportional to zero, 300, 600; 1200 and 2400 kg / ha), and 2nd) comparison of a treatment equivalent to 2400 kg / ha of slag against an absolute control, chemical fertilization (NPK only) and limestone. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with six repetitions. Soil chemical analyses were performed three and six months after installation of the experiment. It was evaluated monthly height and diameter of the plants and the closure, is quantified green and dry mass of leaves, branches, trunk and roots, leaf area; macronutrient, micronutrient, and silicon in the leaves, branches, trunk and roots . The data were analyzed statistically using the SISVAR software program. The results indicated that, after three months, the application of 2400 kg / ha of slag increased soil pH and V%, and decreased potential acidity in both soils. Six months after planting, pH values were similar when the 2,400 kg / ha dose was compared with the dose of limestone. Increased slag doses provided increased green and dry mass production of leaves, leaf area, and dry mass of branches, increased leaf... (Complete abstract click electronic acess below)
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]. "Avaliação de eficiência relativa para a reatividade em silicatos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86388.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A eficiência dos corretivos de acidez do solo, e, sua qualidade depende da taxa de reatividade (RE), e do poder de neutralização (PN), sendo esta eficiência indicada pelo poder relativo de neutralização total (PRNT). Para os silicatos existem poucos estudos que estabeleça taxas de reatividade para suas frações granulométricas e, portanto, utilizam-se as mesmas taxas de reatividade do calcário. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos no período de julho/2008 a outubro/2009 em casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP – Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de comparar valores de reatividade das frações granulométricas para materiais silicatados em três solos de diferentes classes texturais cultivados com plantas de alfafa. Utilizou-se seis materiais corretivos: escória, silicato de cálcio, silicato de cálcio e magnésio, wollastonita, calcário dolomítico e calcário calcítico os quais no experimento 1 e 2 foram separados em quatro frações granulométricas, peneiras: nº 10 (Ø = 2 mm), nº 20 (Ø = 0,84 mm), nº 50 (Ø = 0,30 mm) e fundo (Ø<0,30 mm), exceto a wollastonita que possui apenas a granulometria < 0,30 mm. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em três solos: Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico e Neossolo Quartzarênico. No 1° experimento aplicou-se quatro doses (1, 2, 4 e 8 t ha-1) afim de obter a curva de neutralização dos solos, para determinar a dose a ser aplicada de cada fração granulométrica para atingir o pH 5,5. O 2° experimento constou da aplicação das doses ecomendadas no primeiro experimento e com o valor de pH obtido aos 90 dias de incubação calculou-se a eficiência relativa de reatividade para cada fração granulométrica, tomando-se como referência o pH obtido com a aplicação do calcário dolomítico na peneira...
The efficiency and quality of materials for soil acidity correction are based on the reactivity rate (RR) and neutralization power (NP), and it is indicated by the effective calcium carbonate (ECC). Considering that there are few studies establishing reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions, lime values are used as reference. Three experiments were carried in the period July/2008 to October/2009 out in greenhouse in College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu – SP, aiming to compare reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions in three soils with distinct textures cultivated with alfalfa plants. Slag, calcium silicate, calcium+magnesium silicate, wollastonite, dolomitic and calcitic lime were the materials evaluated. The first and second experiments consisted of four particlesize fractions obtained from each material, separated by the sieves no. 10 (Ø = 2 mm), no. 20 (Ø = 0.84 mm), no. 50 (Ø = 0.30 mm) and bottom (Ø < 0.30 mm), except that the wollastonite has the particle-size fraction < 0,30 mm. Treatments were applied in three soils: Oxisol, Hapludox and Quartzipsamment. In the first study, four doses were applied (1, 2, 4 and 8 t ha- 1) to obtain soil neutralization curve and thus determine which one was to be applied for each particle-size fraction to reach pH 5.5. The second study consisted of the application of the recommended doses from the first experiment. Then, with the pH values obtained 90 days after incubation, the relative efficiency of reactivity was calculated for each particle-size fraction based on the pH of dolomitic lime from the last sieve. Afterwards, RR and ECC were calculated. In the third study, the doses to increase soil base saturation up to 80% were calculated based on both the PRNT reported in the laboratory and in the experiment. Treatments were incubated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Santos, Silas Cardoso dos. "Desenvolvimento de queimadores para iluminação a gás à base de silicato de terras raras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-30092014-105716/.
Full textYttrium disilicate (Y2Si2O7) shows luminescent proprieties and is a potential material to replace rare earth oxides in porous burner technology for lighting. In conformation process from suspensions the control of stability of particles in aqueous medium is an important step to produce ceramic components that show homogeneous microstructure and structural stability. This work presents studies about surface behavior, stability and rheological behavior of aqueous suspensions of Y2Si2O7 and β-Y1,95Dy0,05Si2O7 and aims to prepare suitable suspensions for replica method, and vegetable fibers were used as template to produce porous components for gas burners. In this study key parameters on stability and rheological behavior of suspensions were evaluated, as well as the stimulated luminescence of powders by increasing temperature and radiant efficiency of gas burner prototype. The results as compared with yttria and rare earth concentrate containing yttria are very promising. By colloidal processing of β-Y1,95Dy0,05Si2O7 and using replica method from Luffa Cylindrica vegetable sponge a prototype of gas burner lamp showing good handle strength, visible spectral emissivity (λ=580nm), radiant efficiency of 13%, and great potential to be used for lighting internal spaces according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
Rizo, Garza Hanika. "Différenciation précoce de la terre silicatée enregistrée dans les roches archéennes d'Isua (Groenland) : implications sur la dynamique du manteau au cours du temps." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861891.
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