Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silica skins

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Silica skins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Silica skins"

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Cai, Yichen, Jie Shen, Chi-Wen Yang, Yi Wan, Hao-Ling Tang, Areej A. Aljarb, Cailing Chen, et al. "Mixed-dimensional MXene-hydrogel heterostructures for electronic skin sensors with ultrabroad working range." Science Advances 6, no. 48 (November 2020): eabb5367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5367.

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Skin-mountable microelectronics are garnering substantial interest for various promising applications including human-machine interfaces, biointegrated devices, and personalized medicine. However, it remains a critical challenge to develop e-skins to mimic the human somatosensory system in full working range. Here, we present a multifunctional e-skin system with a heterostructured configuration that couples vinyl-hybrid-silica nanoparticle (VSNP)–modified polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel with two-dimensional (2D) MXene through nano-bridging layers of polypyrrole nanowires (PpyNWs) at the interfaces, featuring high toughness and low hysteresis, in tandem with controlled crack generation and distribution. The multidimensional configurations endow the e-skin with an extraordinary working range (2800%), ultrafast responsiveness (90 ms) and resilience (240 ms), good linearity (800%), tunable sensing mechanisms, and excellent reproducibility. In parallel, this e-skin platform is capable of detecting, quantifying, and remotely monitoring stretching motions in multiple dimensions, tactile pressure, proximity sensing, and variations in temperature and light, establishing a promising platform for next-generation smart flexible electronics.
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Watchman, Alan. "Perspectives and potentials for absolute dating prehistoric rock paintings." Antiquity 67, no. 254 (March 1993): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045051.

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Absolute dating of prehistoric rock paintings is an exciting archaeological pursuit. Sophisticated sample collection, handling and pretreatment methods and new analytical equipment and techniques are minimizing contamination and permitting identification of trace amounts of organic substances in prehistoric paints. Radiocarbon dating using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is producing dates for minute residues of blood, charcoal and plant fibres, either accidentally or deliberately incorporated in paintings. Carbon-bearing laminations, such as oxalate-crusts and silica skins, which have accumulated under and over rock art, have also been recently dated.
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Tang, Zhenhua, Shuhai Jia, Xuesong Shi, Bo Li, and Chenghao Zhou. "Coaxial Printing of Silicone Elastomer Composite Fibers for Stretchable and Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040666.

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Despite the tremendous efforts dedicated to developing various wearable piezoresistive sensors with sufficient stretchability and high sensitivity, challenges remain pertaining to fabrication scalability, cost, and efficiency. In this study, a facile, scalable, and low-cost coaxial printing strategy is employed to fabricate stretchable and flexible fibers with a core–sheath structure for wearable strain sensors. The highly viscous silica-modified silicone elastomer solution is used to print the insulating sheath layer, and the silicone elastomer solutions containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used as the core inks to print the conductive inner layer. With the addition of silica powders as viscosifiers, silica-filled silicone ink (sheath ink) converts to printable ink. The dimensions of the printed coaxial fibers can be flexibly controlled via adjusting the extrusion pressure of the inks. In addition, the electro-mechanical responses of the fiber-shaped strain sensors are investigated. The printed stretchable and wearable fiber-like CNT-based strain sensor exhibits outstanding sensitivities with gauge factors (GFs) of 1.4 to 2.5 × 106, a large stretchability of 150%, and excellent waterproof performance. Furthermore, the sensor can detect a strain of 0.1% and showed stable responses for over 15,000 cycles (high durability). The printed fiber-shaped sensor demonstrated capabilities of detecting and differentiating human joint movements and monitoring balloon inflation. These results obtained demonstrate that the one-step printed fiber-like strain sensors have potential applications in wearable devices, soft robotics, and electronic skins.
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Lee, Sang Gil, Young Ho Kim, Jun Tae Bae, Chung Hee Lee, Hyeong Bae Pyo, Kuk Hyoun Kang, and Dong Kyu Lee. "Fabrication of Hollow Porous Silica Using a Combined Emulsion Sol–Gel Process and Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer for Loading of Quercetin." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11226.

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Flavonoids have recently attracted significant interest as potential reducing agents, hydrogendonating antioxidants, and singlet oxygen-quenchers. Quercetin, in particular, induces the expression of a gene, known to be associated with cell protection, in dose- and time-dependent manners. Therefore, quercetin may be used as an effective cosmeceutical material useful in the protection of dermal skin. In this study, hollow porous silica spheres used to load quercetin were prepared by using a combined emulsion sol–gel process and triblock copolymer as a template. Fabrication of hollow porous silica spheres was performed under various conditions such as the molar ratios of H2O/TEOS (w) and weight ratios of poloxamer 184/poloxamer 407. Loading of quercetin in hollow porous silica spheres was devised to improve the stability of quercetin and to consider the possibility as a raw cosmetic material. The surface of inclusion complexes of quercetin in hollow porous silicas was modified to enhance the stability of quercetin. The physicochemical properties of the samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analysis. Determination of quercetin concentration was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
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Arriagada, Francisco, and Javier Morales. "Limitations and Opportunities in Topical Drug Delivery: Interaction Between Silica Nanoparticles and Skin Barrier." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190404121507.

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The first limiting barrier for the transport in the skin is the stratum corneum; different strategies have been developed to overcome this barrier, including chemical enhancers. However, these penetration enhancers have limitations, including toxic adverse effects. In this context, research into nanomaterials has provided new tools to increase the residence time of drugs by generating a reservoir, increasing the specificity of drugs and reducing their adverse effects, and improving the penetration of drugs that are difficult to formulate. Silica nanoparticles have been proposed as suitable nanocarriers for skin delivery. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in the interaction, transport and fate of silica nanoparticles in the skin have not been fully investigated. This paper reviews significant findings about the interaction between silica-based nanocarriers and the skin. First, this review focuses on the properties and functions of the skin, the skin penetration properties of silica nanoparticles, their synthesis strategies and their toxicity. Finally, advances and evidence on the application of silica nanocarriers in skin drug delivery are provided, in which the use of nanoparticles increases the stability and solubility of the bioactive compound, enhancing its performance, act as penetrator enhancer and improving controlled release. Thus, improving the treatment of some skin disorders.
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Kim, Sung-Hyun, Dong Han Lee, SeoYoon Choi, Jun-Young Yang, Kikyung Jung, Jayoung Jeong, Jae Ho Oh, and Jin Hee Lee. "Skin Sensitization Potential and Cellular ROS-Induced Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082140.

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Nowadays, various industries using nanomaterials are growing rapidly, and in particular, as the commercialization and use of nanomaterials increase in the cosmetic field, the possibility of exposure of nanomaterials to the skin of product producers and consumers is increasing. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials with a very small size, they can act as hapten and induce immune responses and skin sensitization, so accurate identification of toxicity is required. Therefore, we selected silica nanomaterials used in various fields such as cosmetics and biomaterials and evaluated the skin sensitization potential step-by-step according to in-vitro and in-vivo alternative test methods. KeratinoSensTM cells of modified keratinocyte and THP-1 cells mimicking dendritic-cells were treated with silica nanoparticles, and their potential for skin sensitization and cytotoxicity were evaluated, respectively. We also confirmed the sensitizing ability of silica nanoparticles in the auricle-lymph nodes of BALB/C mice by in-vivo analysis. As a result, silica nanoparticles showed high protein binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity, but no significant observation of skin sensitization indicators was observed. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of skin sensitization by nanomaterials, the results of this study showed that silica nanoparticles did not induce skin sensitization.
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Becker, Lillian C., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel Liebler, James G. Marks, et al. "Safety Assessment of Silylates and Surface-Modified Siloxysilicates." International Journal of Toxicology 32, no. 3_suppl (May 2013): 5S—24S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813486299.

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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, trimethylsiloxysilicate, and trifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsiloxysilicate as used in cosmetics. These silylates and surface-modified siloxysilicates function in cosmetics as antifoaming agents, anticaking agents, bulking agents, binders, skin-conditioning agents—emollient, skin-conditioning agents—occlusive, slip modifiers, suspension agents—nonsurfactant, and viscosity increasing agents—nonaqueous. The Expert Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data as well as information from a previous CIR safety assessment of amorphous silica. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, trimethylsiloxysilicate, and trifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsiloxysilicate are safe as used when formulated and delivered in the final product not to be irritating or sensitizing to the respiratory tract.
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Koul, Ashwani, Stanzin Angmo, and Sanjay Bharati. "Preventive Role of Vitamin D in Silica-Induced Skin Fibrosis: A Study in Relation to Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 86, no. 3-4 (June 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000434.

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Abstract.The protective effects of vitamin D analogue calcipotriol in silica-induced skin fibrosis were studied in the present study. Male BALB / c mice were divided into four groups; Control, Vitamin D, Silica and Silica+Vitamin D. Silica was administered as a single intradermal injection (40 µg / µL, dissolved in normal saline; particle size 1 – 5 µm) in the hind limbs of animals in Silica & Silica+Vitamin D group. Vitamin D group animals received topical application of 100µL of vitamin D solution (10-7M in Ethanol) daily for 12 weeks. Silica+Vitamin D group animals received co-treatment of silica and vitamin D as described for other groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content of treated sections were measured. The TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured in serum of all treated animals. The silica-induced oxidative stress was measured in terms of lipid peroxidation in skin tissue. Antioxidant defence system was assessed in terms of levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. A significant increase in the dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content was observed after silica treatment (931 ± 57.98 to 1804.61 ± 146.20 µm)(p < 0.05). Vitamin D co-treatment reduced dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content compared to Silica group (p < 0.05). Similarly a decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 levels were also observed after vitamin D treatment. A significant reduction in oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation (4.92 ± 0.70 to 2.40 ± 0.31 nmol / mg protein). Therefore, present study suggested that vitamin D could be an effective agent against silica-induced skin fibrosis and oxidative stress.
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Vogt, Annika, Fiorenza Rancan, Sebastian Ahlberg, Berouz Nazemi, Chun Sik Choe, Maxim E. Darvin, Sabrina Hadam, et al. "Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (December 8, 2014): 2363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.245.

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The investigation of nanoparticle interactions with tissues is complex. High levels of standardization, ideally testing of different material types in the same biological model, and combinations of sensitive imaging and detection methods are required. Here, we present our studies on nanoparticle interactions with skin, skin cells, and biological media. Silica, titanium dioxide and silver particles were chosen as representative examples for different types of skin exposure to nanomaterials, e.g., unintended environmental exposure (silica) versus intended exposure through application of sunscreen (titanium dioxide) or antiseptics (silver). Because each particle type exhibits specific physicochemical properties, we were able to apply different combinations of methods to examine skin penetration and cellular uptake, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy on cells and tissue sections, flow cytometry of isolated skin cells as well as Raman microscopy on whole tissue blocks. In order to assess the biological relevance of such findings, cell viability and free radical production were monitored on cells and in whole tissue samples. The combination of technologies and the joint discussion of results enabled us to look at nanoparticle–skin interactions and the biological relevance of our findings from different angles.
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Arriagada, Francisco, Santi Nonell, and Javier Morales. "Silica-based nanosystems for therapeutic applications in the skin." Nanomedicine 14, no. 16 (August 2019): 2243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2019-0052.

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Aging, exposure to oxidants, infectious pathogens, inflammogens, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental and genetic factors can result in the development of various skin disorders. Despite immense progress being made in dermatological treatments, many skin-associated problems still remain difficult to treat and various therapies have limitations. Progress in silica-based nanomaterials research provides an opportunity to overcome these drawbacks and improve therapies and is a promising tool for inclusion in clinical practice to treat skin diseases. This review focuses on the use of various types of silica nanoparticles with therapeutic applications in various skin disorders. These nanosystems improve treatment efficacy by maintaining or enhancing the effect of several drugs and are useful tools for nanomedicine, pharmaceutical sciences and future clinical applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silica skins"

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Watchman, Alan Leslie, and n/a. "Properties and dating of silica skins associated with rock art." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.104443.

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Hydrated amorphous silicon dioxide (Si02.nH-,O), or opal-A, is deposited naturally from seepage and runoff water as white or brown rock surface coatings, called 'skins', that often partly obscure rock paintings and engravings, but occasionally, a thin translucent silica skin can form a protective film over rock art. White lustrous silica skins, less than 1 mm thick, occur where seepage water regularly flows from bedding and joint planes, whereas much thinner brown skins form on the sides of boulders and cliffs where runoff water periodically flows. To find the degree of silica skin variability and to determine how climate and rock type affect the properties of silica skins I collected samples at seven Australian and two Canadian rock painting sites that were located in temperate, tropical and sub-arctic regions. The skins had developed on sandstone, quartzite, schist, gneiss and migmatite. I studied the effects of the skins on rock art stability, documented their compositions, textures and structures to establish their common properties, and searched for a way to date the silica which would provide an indication of the minimum age of the underlying art. 1 also made replication experiments to determine factors that influence the properties of artificial silica skins and the rates of their precipitation so that I could propose a mechanism for natural silica skin formation, and ascertain whether an artificial silica skin could act as a protective rock art conservation measure. I was able to subdivide the analysed samples into silica skin Types I, II and III on the basis of their colour (translucent, white or brown), composition (SiO2, Al2O3 and absorbed water contents) and texture (smooth vitreous or vermiform). I propose that silica skins initially begin to form on stable rock surfaces by a process involving a combination of evaporation- and ionic-induced polymerisation of silicic acid in seepage and runoff water. Condensation reactions, random clustering of small silica spheres and deposition of the resulting aggregates eventually produce a thin surficial silica film. Deposition of silica often traps micro-organisms that live in the damp seepage and runoff water zones, and these fossils in finely laminated skins enable the radiocarbon dating of silica deposition, and therefore the dating of rock paintings enclosed by silica. Micro-excavation of silica layers associated with rock art combined with accelerator mass spectrometry gave preliminary radiocarbon determinations that were either consistent with, or contradicted, prevailing opinions about the antiquity of the rock art at selected sites. Experiments using a laser technique for combusting fossilised microorganisms in finely laminated skins were unable to generate sufficient carbon for dating. Catalysis of a mixture of equal proportions of methyl-trimethoxy silane and water produces a translucent stable film that may be suitable as a consolidant, whereas other artificial silica skins made from silica glass and tetra-ethoxy silane develop microfractures on drying, and these are unsuitable as rock art consolidants.
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Moia, Claudia. "In vitro toxicological assessment of amorphous silica particles in relation to their characteristics and mode of action in human skin cells." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9760.

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Background: Silica is the common name for silicon dioxide (SiO2) materials and exists in both crystalline and amorphous forms. While crystalline silica is known for its severe health effects, amorphous silica has been considered safe and applied in many areas. However, some recent studies have showed evidence of their toxicity, raising concerns about its use as nanomaterial for biomedical applications. When nanomaterials enter the body, they are enveloped in biological fluids rich in biomolecules, which compete for binding to the nanomaterial. Such effect could alter their surface chemistry and therefore affect their bio-distribution and interaction with cells. Aim and objectives: As part of the EU-funded NANODRUG network programme, the aim of this project was the in vitro toxicity assessment of commercially-sourced fumed and colloidal amorphous silica particles in relation to their physico-chemical properties and potential application as carriers for drug delivery. The objectives were 1) characterization of silica particles hydrodynamic (Hd) size and dispersity in different cell culture media; 2) in vitro toxicological assessment of silica particles in human skin cells; 3) delineation of toxicity mechanisms in relation to their size; 4) assessment of the influence of Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) on particle Hd size and toxicity; and 5) contributing to the overall objective of the NANODRUG programme - development of safe nanodrugs for skin application - through collaborations with different partners.
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Ostrowski, Anja [Verfasser]. "Silica Nanoparticles in Mouse Models of Skin Diseases : Local Penetration, Systemic Distribution and Effect on Allergic Contact Dermatitis / Anja Ostrowski." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1064869769/34.

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Shetty, Smitha. "Investigation of Geometrical Effects on Microneedle Geometry for Transdermal Applications." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/860.

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Hollow biocompatible microneedle arrays were designed and fabricated using two different bulk micromachining techniques-Deep Reactive Ion Etching and Coherent Porous Silicon technology to investigate their reliability for transdermal applications. An in-house experimental setup was developed for microneedle fracture and split thickness penetration force measurements. Out of plane needle array configurations (100and#956;m needle length) with intra array geometric variations including needle shape, diameter, intra-array pitch and density (1a 625) were characterized on cadaver skin to predict skin barrier penetration without fracture. Use of microneedle array as transdermal patch necessitates reliable penetration and not just pushing against stratum corneum like a bed of nails. Critical in plane fracture tests were conducted on single microneedle columns with different geometry to validate the failure mechanism with force quantification relations. Preliminary penetration characterization was performed on skin like polymer followed by direct testing on cryogen preserved cadaver skin. Compressive and indentation test were performed on both excised skin and polymer to analyze their mechanical behavior on loading and establish a mechanical correlation. Finite element modeling using ANSYS was done to examine the effect of shear loading on the needles due to lack of experimental verification.
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Hillebrand, Marcus [Verfasser], Gerrit [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüürmann, Gerrit [Gutachter] Schüürmann, and Dieter [Gutachter] Schrenk. "Development of a computational consensus model for the in silico prediction of the skin sensitising potential of organic chemicals in the context of REACH / Marcus Hillebrand ; Gutachter: Gerrit Schüürmann, Dieter Schrenk ; Betreuer: Gerrit Schüürmann." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226100899/34.

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Benoist, Louis. "Etude du système immunitaire chez la seiche Sepia officinalis : un potentiel pour l'aquaculture Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation In-Depth In Silico Search for Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Antimicrobial Peptides Following Bacterial Challenge of Haemocytes." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC226.

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Les Céphalopodes comme la seiche Sepia officinalis, malgré une durée de vie courte, sont retrouvés dans les océans depuis des millions d’années. Chez ces animaux atypiques, peu de pathologies ont été observées révélant la présence d’un système immunitaire efficace mais peu étudié qui repose sur des processus innés. L’étude du système immunitaire de la seiche a été menée au niveau du corps blanc, organe hématopoïétique ; des cellules circulantes, les hémocytes et au niveau de la peau, première barrière avec le milieu extérieur. Au niveau du corps blanc, l’étude transcriptomique et protéomique a mis en évidence la présence de facteurs en lien avec l’hématopoïèse dont des membres de la voie de signalisation JAK-STAT. Des facteurs immunitaires ont également été identifiés révélant une possible multifonctionnalité du corps blanc. La réponse immunitaire face à Vibrio splendidus a pu être appréhendées à partir d’une analyse transcriptomique comparative sur les hémocytes. Toutefois cette dernière n’ayant pas permis d’identifier clairement des peptides antimicrobiens, une analyse in silico originale a été développée permettant de sélectionner cinq peptides candidats dont trois ont révélé une activité antibactérienne ciblée contre des bactéries du genre Vibrio. Enfin, une étude au niveau de la peau et de son mucus a été initiée. Cette étude par des approches -omiques a permis l’identification de facteurs en lien avec la reconnaissance des pathogènes et la réponse immunitaire. Par ailleurs, douze souches ont pu être isolées et identifiées au niveau du microbiome cutané. L’ensemble de ces résultats représente un apport majeur concernant le système immunitaire chez la seiche permettant d’initier des études fonctionnelles lors d’une infection ou en fin de vie. Ces études permettraient de comprendre le mode d’action des facteurs immunitaires identifiés, l’implication de chaque entité dans la réponse immunitaire ou dans la mise en place et la maintenance du microbiome
Cephalopods such as the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, despite their short lifespan, have been found in the oceans for millions of years. In these atypical animals, few pathologies have been observed, revealing the presence of an effective but little studied immune system based on innate processes. The study of the cuttlefish's immune system has been carried out on the white body, a haematopoietic organ; on the circulating cells, the haemocytes; and on the skin, the first barrier with the external environment. At the white body level, the transcriptomic and proteomic study highlighted the presence of factors linked to haematopoiesis, including members of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Immune factors have also been identified, revealing a possible multifunctionality of the white body. The immune response to Vibrio splendidus could be apprehended from a comparative transcriptomic analysis of haemocytes. However, as the latter did not allow the clear identification of antimicrobial peptides, an original in silico analysis was developed to select five candidate peptides, three of which revealed a targeted antibacterial activity against bacteria of the Vibrio genus. Finally, a study of the skin and its mucus was initiated. This study using -omic approaches enabled the identification of factors related to pathogen recognition and immune response. In addition, twelve strains were isolated and identified at the level of the skin microbiome. All these results represent a major contribution concerning the immune system in cuttlefish, making it possible to initiate functional studies during an infection or at the end of life. These studies would make it possible to understand the mode of action of the identified immune factors, the involvement of each entity in the immune response or in the establishment and maintenance of the microbiome
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Beckstein, Pascal. "Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232474.

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Im Bereich der industriellen Metallurgie und Kristallzüchtung treten bei zahlreichen Anwendungen, wo magnetische Wechselfelder zur induktiven Beeinflussung von leitfähigen Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden, auch Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche auf. Das Anwendungsspektrum reicht dabei vom einfachen Aufschmelzen eines Metalls in einem offenen Tiegel bis hin zur vollständigen Levitation. Auch der sogenannte RGS-Prozess, ein substratbasiertes Kristallisationsverfahren zur Herstellung siliziumbasierter Dünnschichtmaterialien, ist dafür ein Beispiel. Um bei solchen Prozessen die Interaktion von Magnetfeld und Strömung zu untersuchen, ist die numerische Simulationen ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel. Für beliebige dreidimensionale Probleme werden entsprechende Berechnungen bisher durch eine externe Kopplung kommerzieller Programme realisiert, die für Magnetfeld und Strömung jeweils unterschiedliche numerische Techniken nutzen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch im Allgemeinen mit unnötigem Rechenaufwand verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickelter Methodenapparat auf Basis der FVM vorgestellt, mit welchem sich diese Art von Berechnungen effizient durchführen lassen. Mit der Implementierung dieser Methoden in foam-extend, einer erweiterten Version der quelloffenen Software OpenFOAM, ist daraus ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug in Form einer freien Simulationsplattform entstanden, welches sich durch einen modularen Aufbau leicht erweitern lässt. Mit dieser Plattform wurden in foam-extend auch erstmalig dreidimensionale Induktionsprozesse im Frequenzraum gelöst.
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Hillebrand, Marcus. "Development of a computational consensus model for the in silico prediction of the skin sensitising potential of organic chemicals in the context of REACH." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31514.

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Die Hautsensibilisierung (Typ 4 Hautallergie) nimmt in der Toxizitätsbewertung einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein, was u.a. daran zu sehen ist, dass sie unter dem europäischen Chemikaliengesetz REACH schon sehr früh, d.h. ab einer Jahrestonne, abgeprüft werden soll. Die Dissertation untersucht, ob die derzeit im Tierversuch stattfindende Toxizitätsprüfung durch computerchemische Methoden ersetzt werden kann. Dazu wurde eine Datenbank aus über 2000 Stoffen erstellt, aus der wichtige Unterschiede zwischen den eingesetzten Tiermodellen herausgelesen werden konnten. In den Untersuchungen trat auch zu Tage, dass – entgegen vorheriger Annahmen – die Bioverfügbarkeit, d.h. die Aufnahme von Substanzen über die Haut, im Tierversuch nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Zudem ist eine Abschätzung des hautsensibilisierenden Effekts von Stoffen anhand eines Read-across (Interpolation aus strukturähnlichen Verbindungen) und von Strukturalarmen (Substruktur­elemente als Indikatoren für einen bestimmten Effekt) möglich. Wenn beide Ansätze im Rahmen einer Konsens­modellierung miteinander verschränkt werden, ergibt sich sogar eine gute Vorhersagestatistik.
Skin sensitisation (type 4 skin allergy) is an important parameter in the toxicity assessment of chemicals, which is underlined by the fact that it is evaluated even at the lowest tonnage (1 t/a), which can be registered under the european chemicals regulation (REACH). In this thesis it was investigated if the currently used animal models can be replace or refined with computational (in silico toxicological) methods. In this regard a data base consisting of about 2000 substances was build. With its data important differences between the currently applied animal tests could be derived. Furthermore, the investigation found that – in contrast to previous assumptions – the bioavailability of a chemical compound, i.e. the uptake via the skin, has only a minor impact on the test result of the evaluated animal models. Moreover, it was demonstated that the skin sensitising potential of chemicals can be predicted by read-across (interpolation with structurally similar substances) and with structural alerts (substructural elements which indicate a particular effect). Combining both prediction methods with consensus modelling lead to a good prediction regarding the question whether a particular chemical compound is a sensitiser or not.
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Beckstein, Pascal. "Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30749.

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Im Bereich der industriellen Metallurgie und Kristallzüchtung treten bei zahlreichen Anwendungen, wo magnetische Wechselfelder zur induktiven Beeinflussung von leitfähigen Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden, auch Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche auf. Das Anwendungsspektrum reicht dabei vom einfachen Aufschmelzen eines Metalls in einem offenen Tiegel bis hin zur vollständigen Levitation. Auch der sogenannte RGS-Prozess, ein substratbasiertes Kristallisationsverfahren zur Herstellung siliziumbasierter Dünnschichtmaterialien, ist dafür ein Beispiel. Um bei solchen Prozessen die Interaktion von Magnetfeld und Strömung zu untersuchen, ist die numerische Simulationen ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel. Für beliebige dreidimensionale Probleme werden entsprechende Berechnungen bisher durch eine externe Kopplung kommerzieller Programme realisiert, die für Magnetfeld und Strömung jeweils unterschiedliche numerische Techniken nutzen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch im Allgemeinen mit unnötigem Rechenaufwand verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickelter Methodenapparat auf Basis der FVM vorgestellt, mit welchem sich diese Art von Berechnungen effizient durchführen lassen. Mit der Implementierung dieser Methoden in foam-extend, einer erweiterten Version der quelloffenen Software OpenFOAM, ist daraus ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug in Form einer freien Simulationsplattform entstanden, welches sich durch einen modularen Aufbau leicht erweitern lässt. Mit dieser Plattform wurden in foam-extend auch erstmalig dreidimensionale Induktionsprozesse im Frequenzraum gelöst.
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Books on the topic "Silica skins"

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Ehninger, Dan, and Alcino J. Silva. Tuberous Sclerosis and Autism. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0009.

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Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a single-gene disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes (Consortium, 1993; van Slegtenhorst et al., 1997). In 70% of cases, TSC gene mutations arise de novo. The remaining 30% of cases are familial with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Tuberous sclerosis belongs to the group of phakomatoses (neurocutaneous disorders) and is associated with characteristic manifestations in various organ systems, including the brain, skin, kidney, lung, heart, and liver (Crino, Nathanson, & Henske, 2006; Curatolo, Bombardieri & Jozwiak, 2008). Pathological manifestations in these organ systems often include tumor growths or tissue malformations (hamartomas). While penetrance is high, expressivity of TSC phenotypes is highly variable. The birth incidence of TSC is approximately 1:6,000 (Osborne, Fryer, & Webb, 1991). This chapter is an updated and extended version of a previous article on this topic (Ehninger, de Vries, & Silva, 2009)
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Book chapters on the topic "Silica skins"

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Nafisi, Shohreh, Monika Schäfer-Korting, and Howard I. Maibach. "Measuring Silica Nanoparticles in the Skin." In Agache's Measuring the Skin, 1141–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32383-1_44.

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Baba, Hiromi, Jun-ichi Takahara, and Fumiyoshi Yamashita. "In Silico Approach." In Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds, 363–76. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56526-0_32.

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Tilkorn, H., K. Ernst, A. Osterhaus, A. Schubert, and V. Schwipper. "Treatment of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars with Cryosurgery and Silicon Gel Sheeting." In Wound Healing and Skin Physiology, 561–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77882-7_54.

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Sprenger, Adrian, Victoria Küttner, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, and Jörn Dengjel. "Global Proteome Analyses of SILAC-Labeled Skin Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 179–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-227-8_10.

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Viehbeck, Jana, Alexandra Speich, Swetlana Ustinov, Dominik Böck, Michael Wiehl, and Rainer Brück. "Establishment of an In-Silico Model for Simulation of Dehydration Process in Human Skin to Compare Output Parameter with Clinical Study." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 277–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49666-1_22.

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Sunkle, Sagar, Deepak Jain, Krati Saxena, Ashwini Patil, Rinu Chacko, and Beena Rai. "Generate and Test for Formulated Product Variants With Information Extraction and an In-Silico Model." In Advanced Digital Architectures for Model-Driven Adaptive Enterprises, 223–50. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0108-5.ch010.

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The chemical industry is expanding its focus from process-centered products to product-centered products. Of these, consumer chemical products and other similar formulated products are especially ubiquitous. State of the art in the formulated product design relies heavily on experts and their expertise, leading to extended time to market and increased costs. The authors show that it is possible to construct a graph database of various details of products from textual sources, both offline and online. Similar to the “generate and test” approach, they propose that it is possible to generate feasible design variants of a given type of formulated product using the database so constructed. If they restrict the set of products that are applied to the skin, they propose to test the generated design variants using an in-silico model. Even though this chapter is an account of the work in progress, the authors believe the gains they can obtain from a readily accessible database and its integration with an in-silico model are substantial.
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Tobón, Catalina, Andrés Orozco‐Duque, Juan P. Ugarte, Miguel Becerra, and Javier Saiz. "Complexity of Atrial Fibrillation Electrograms Through Nonlinear Signal Analysis: In Silico Approach." In Interpreting Cardiac Electrograms - From Skin to Endocardium. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69475.

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Cornetta, Gianluca, David J. Santos, and José Manuel Vázquez. "Passive Components for RF-ICs." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 189–214. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0083-6.ch008.

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The modern wireless communication industry is demanding transceivers with a high integration level operating in the gigahertz frequency range. This, in turn, has prompted intense research in the area of monolithic passive devices. Modern fabrication processes now provide the capability to integrate onto a silicon substrate inductors and capacitors, enabling a broad range of new applications. Inductors and capacitors are the core elements of many circuits, including low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, baluns, mixers, and oscillators, as well as fully-integrated matching networks. While the behavior and the modeling of integrated capacitors are well understood, the design of an integrated inductor is still a challenging task since its magnetic behavior is hard to predict accurately. As the operating frequency approaches the gigahertz range, device nonlinearities, coupling effects, and skin effect dominate, making difficult the design of critical parameters such as the self-resonant frequency, the quality factor, and self and mutual inductances. However, despite the parasitic effects and the low quality-factor, integrated inductors still allow for the implementation of integrated circuits with improved performances under low supply voltage. In this chapter, the authors review the technology behind monolithic capacitors and inductors on silicon substrate for high-frequency applications, with major emphasis on physical implementation and modeling.
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Cronin, M. T. D., and M. Hewitt. "In Silico Models to Predict Passage through the Skin and Other Barriers." In Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 725–44. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00285-6.

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Daskalaki, Andriani. "Modeling of Porphyrin Metabolism with PyBioS." In Handbook of Research on Systems Biology Applications in Medicine, 643–54. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-076-9.ch036.

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) involves administration of a photosensitizer (PS) either systemically or locally, followed by illumination of the lesion with visible light. PDT of cancer is now evolving from experimental treatment to a therapeutic alternative. Clinical results have shown that PDT is at least as efficacious as standard treatments of malignancies of the skin and Barrett’s esophagus. Hemes and heme proteins are vital components of essentially every cell in virtually all eukaryote organisms. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is produced in cells via the heme synthesis pathway from the substrate aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Exogenous administration of ALA induces accumulation of (PpIX), which can be used as a photosensitiser for tumor detection or photodynamic therapy. Although the basis of the selectivity of ALA-based PDT or photodiagnosis is not fully understood, it has sometimes been correlated with the metabolic rate of the cells, or with the differential enzyme expressions along the heme biosynthetic pathway in cancer cells. An in silico analysis by modeling may be performed in order to determine the functional roles of genes coding enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway like ferrochelatase. Modeling and simulation systems are a valuable tool for the understanding of complex biological systems. With PyBioS, an object-oriented modelling software for biological processes, we can analyse porphyrin metabolism pathways.
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Conference papers on the topic "Silica skins"

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Manandhar, Suman, Noriyuki Yasufuku, and Kazutaka Shomura. "Skin Friction of Taper-Shaped Piles in Sands." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79078.

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The main theme of this paper is to evaluate the skin friction and unit skin friction of different types of pile on a defined model ground. The typical silica sands were selected to make model ground at high relative densities of 80% and 60% respectively at confining pressure of 50 kPa to perform the pile load test on selected two different model ground. Model ground has been prepared by free falling of sand through sieve on the chamber to meet the required relative densities. Relative densities have acquired after evaluating desired height and area of nozzle through which dry sands fall. To fulfill the requirement, different types of tapered piles were selected to perform the pile load test. Straight and different types of tapered pile have driven in silica sands respectively at relatively high densities. Experimental results have showed that the skin friction of straight pile is considerably low with compared to tapered pile and wedging effects can be clearly seen towards the depth of penetration. In conclusion, it is clearly seen that the skin friction of tapered pile can be improved with increasing tapering angles. Higher the angle the greater the skin friction. Further, lateral stresses around the pile increases laterally during loading. Lateral stresses are increased with increase on amounts of pile expansion. The skin frictions of tapered piles have pressing effect and soil tamping effect.
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Katragadda, R. B., and Y. Xu. "A novel intelligent textile technology based on silicon flexible skins." In Proceedings. Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2005.5.

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Katragadda, Rakesh B., and Yong Xu. "A novel intelligent textile technology based on silicon flexible skins." In 2007 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2007.4432973.

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Liang, Dawei, Luis Fraser Monteiro, Maria L. Fraser Monteiro, and Brian Culshaw. "Simple fiber optic silicon impact sensor for smart skins applications." In Optical Tools for Manufacturing and Advanced Automation, edited by John W. Berthold III, Richard O. Claus, Michael A. Marcus, and Robert S. Rogowski. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.166866.

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Zhang, J. M., J. G. Sun, and Z. J. Pei. "Optical Transmission Properties of Silicon Wafters: Theoretical Analysis." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59195.

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As a nondestructive measurement method, laser scattering has been preliminarily applied to detect subsurface damage in silicon wafers, but the quantitative correlation between scatter images and subsurface damage depth has not been established yet. In order to assess subsurface damage depth in silicon wafers, a systematic study has been carried out. In the authors’ another paper, a detailed experimental investigation on optical transmission percentage of silicon wafers was presented. As a follow up, this paper will describe a method to calculate the “skin depth” of silicon wafers from the experimental data of optical transmission percentage. And also, how to apply this “skin depth” on assessment of subsurface damage depth will be discussed.
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Kim, Sangchae, Smitha Shetty, Dorielle Price, and Shekhar Bhansali. "Skin Penetration of Silicon Dioxide Microneedle Arrays." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260142.

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Kim, Sangchae, Smitha Shetty, Dorielle Price, and Shekhar Bhansali. "Skin Penetration of Silicon Dioxide Microneedle Arrays." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398349.

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Cuevas, Andres, Thomas Allen, James Bullock, Yimao Wan, Di Yan, and Xinyu Zhang. "Skin care for healthy silicon solar cells." In 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356379.

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Shao, Leilai, Sicheng Li, Ting Lei, Tsung-Ching Huang, Raymond Beausoleil, Zhenan Bao, and Kwang-Ting Cheng. "Ultra-thin Skin Electronics for High Quality and Continuous Skin-Sensor-Silicon Interfacing." In DAC '19: The 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3317928.

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Gupta, R., B. S. Dwadasi, and B. Rai. "In-silico Skin Model: A Tool for Virtual Testing of Formulations." In 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on High Performance Computing Workshops (HiPCW). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hipcw.2016.030.

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