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Academic literature on the topic 'Silencing génique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silencing génique"
Moissiard, Guillaume. "Induction, suppression, amplification of RNA silencing during viral infection." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13023.
Full textRNA silencing is a mechanism involved in the suppression of gene expression through nucleotide sequence-specific interactions mediated by RNA. A double-stranded RNA is processed by Dicer into 21- to 24-nt RNAs, called short-interfering (si)RNA that incorporate into a RNA-Induced Silencing Complex, to guide cleavage target mRNA in a sequence-specific manner. RNA silencing plays important antiviral role in plants. In parallel, most of phytoviruses produce suppressor proteins to counteract RNA silencing. RNA silencing can be amplified through the activity of the cellular RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR). We studied RNA silencing during Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) infection. We found that the four Arabidopsis Dicer-like (DCLs) proteins are involved to produce two classes of viral siRNAs. Then, we analysed the interactions between five silencing suppressors and RDR6 and identified the DCLs associated to RDR6. We also showed that, at least in some cases, RDR6 uses small RNAs as primers
Romon, Marjorie. "Rôle du gène de floraison VvFT dans la mise en place de la floraison chez la vigne : mise en évidence des mécanismes d'extinction génique chez la vigne et de leurs réponses face aux stress abiotiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ125/document.
Full textIn grapevine, gibberellins activate latent bud and stimulate the formation of tendrils but in contrast to Arabidopsis, they appear to inhibit the formation of inflorescences. Moreover, as the flowering of the grapevine is not sensitive ta photoperiod, one might wonder whether the ortholog of the FTgene (VvFT) still has an integrative raie in leaves and it activates the expression of the ortholog ofLFY gene (VFL). ln the first part of my thesis, we conducted a molecular analysis with original material: a rootstock 41 B transformed with a construct containing the VvFT gene under the control of the 35S promoter and a derivative of the plant Pinot Meunier, carrying a mutation in the GA-INSENSITIVE gene (GAl). Our study shows that gibberellins and 1 or the gene VvFT activate genes in flowering as a VFL, but with very different responses between the tendril, latent buds and inflorescences.ln the second part of my thesis, we are interested in silencing. We produced transgenic plants of the PN40024 which line containing either the gene encoding GFP, a stem-loop structure GF-FG, orbath. The embryogenic callus transgenic GFP and GFP + GF-FG fluoresce. We observed acomplete disappearance of fluorescence in PN40024 GFP + GF-FG, from the first leaves appear and in the whole plant Molecular analysis revealed small RNAs of 21 nt and 24nt produced from the stem-loop structure GF-FG. Small secondary 21 nt RNAs produced from the sequence of the GFP were also detected
Butel, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'un complexe chromatinien impliqué dans l'inactivation post-transcriptionnelle des ARNs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS302/document.
Full textPost-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a defense mechanism that targets invading nucleic acids from endogenous (transposons) or exogenous (pathogens, transgenes) origins. Mutations in JMJ14 and NAC52 have been retrieved from a genetic screen aiming to identify PTGS deficient mutants. JMJ14 encodes an histone demethylase targeting the bi- or tri-methylated lysine 4 of histone H3, while NAC52 encodes a transcription factor. Both act in a complex that regulates the transcription of hundreds endogenous genes. However, the function of this chromatin complex in transgene expression and in PTGS is not known. JMJ14 interacts with NAC52 but also with a guanine exchange factor of the RCC1 family. Mutations in any member of the RCC1-JMJ14-NAC52 complex reduce transgene transcription. JMJ14 binds to the transgene promoter independently of NAC52, whereas NAC52 requires JMJ14 to bind on the transcribed region. However, JMJ14 and NAC52 do not seem to be required for transcription itself. Indeed, a wild-type level of transcription is restored in the jmj14 drm2 double mutant, suggesting that the complex RCC1-JMJ14-NAC52 prevents de novo DNA methylation of the promoter by DRM2. The effects of jmj14 and nac52 mutations on transgene transcription cannot explain their specific effect on some forms of PTGS. Indeed, jmj14 and nac52 do not affect constitutively-induced PTGS, but prevent the systemic spreading of locally-induced PTGS. Mutations in SCPL45, encoding a Serine-Carboxy Peptidase-Like that interacts with NAC52, but not JMJ14, have the same effect. In contrast, rcc1 does not affect the systemic PTGS, suggesting that a JMJ14-NAC52-SCPL45 complex is involved in the control of systemic PTGS. This complex could act directly on transgene chromatin to trigger PTGS in response to the PTGS signal, or indirectly by controlling the expression of an endogenous gene encoding a protein regulating systemic PTGS. To better understand the function of JMJ14 in systemic PTGS, a genetic screen aiming to identify suppressors of jmj14 have been performed. Sixteen mutants corresponding to seven genes encoding proteins related to chromatin and having an antagonist function to JMJ14, have been characterized. Mutations in theses seven genes could suppress jmj14 by increasing transgene transcription and consequently the quantity of the PTGS systemic signal. A seventeenth mutant could have a qualitative effect on the PTGS systemic signal or could affect the perception of this signal in recipient cells. The corresponding gene remains to identify
Cattaneo, Matteo. "RNA and histone chaperone-based gene silencing in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV040/document.
Full textA sizeable fraction of proteins controlling chromatin dynamics and transcription are conserved throughout eukaryotes and are deregulated in many diseases, including cancer. In this study, we exploited the purification of two chromatin-associated proteins to characterize new actors in the context of euchromatic and/or heterochromatic gene silencing in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a reference model for the biology of chromatin.Mmi1 is an RNA binding factor that can guide the formation of facultative heterochromatin assembly at meiotic genes. Among new proteins interacting with Mmi1, we examined the function of Ccr4-Not, which is a conserved multifunctional complex processing 3'ends of RNAs and regulating gene expression. We found that Ccr4-Not is also required for the deposition of H3K9 methylation mark at Mmi1 target genes and for gene silencing in a Mmi1-independent manner at constitutive heterochromatin.In parallel, we studied two new potential partners of RITS (RNA-Induced Transcriptional Silencing), a complex required for heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. Both partners are believed to act at the interface between chromatin and transcription regulation. The first one is the histone chaperone Spt6. An initial functional characterization conducted on this protein showed its implication in gene silencing, both at constitutive and facultative heterochromatin. The second one is Abo1, a putative histone chaperone which is homologue to human ATAD2 protein, a male germ factor ectopically expressed in many tumors and considered as a promising target for cancer therapy, although little is known about its molecular function. We first showed that Abo1 is necessary for proper heterochromatin gene silencing at constitutive heterochromatin. However, transcriptomic analysis of abo1∆ cells further extended Abo1's function in gene silencing to protein-coding and non-coding regions within euchromatin. In addition, we purified Abo1 and identified by mass spectrometry the network of its associated proteins. This proteomic approach showed that Abo1 is connected to several chromatin- and transcription-linked proteins, such as histone chaperones and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Finally, we demonstrated that the severe growth defect observed in abo1Δ is completely rescued by the expression of human ATAD2. This later finding indicates that the functional characterization of Abo1 in yeast has the potential to provide important insights into the molecular function not only of Abo1, but also of the cancer linked ATAD2 protein.Altogether, our results permitted a better understanding of three actors involved in chromatin-based gene silencing in fission yeast. In addition, a further characterization of Abo1 may contribute elucidating the function of ATAD2 and its role in cancer
Duroy, Pierre-Olivier. "Quels sont les enjeux au cours de l’évolution du bananier (Musa sp.) qui ont conduit au maintien de séquences virales de Banana Streak Virus dans son génome ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20165/document.
Full textThe nuclear genome of banana plants is invaded by numerous viral sequences of banana streak virus (BSV), a DNA virus belonging to the family Caulimoviridae which does not require integration for its replication. These endogenous BSV (eBSV) are mostly defective; however, some can release a functional viral genome following activating stresses. The objectives of this work were to identify if the eBSV are maintained or not in the M. balbisiana genome and to study the impacts of this on the evolution of banana plants. First, we characterized three functional eBSV sequences present within the Musa balbisiana cv PKW genome: (Banana streak goldfinger virus (BSGFV) ; Banana streak obino l'ewai virus (BSOLV) ; and, Banana streak imove virus (BSImV). We show that eBSOLV and eBSGFV are di-allelic with just one functional allele contrary to eBSImV which are mono-allelic and for which we cannot reveal the functional allele. Their genomic areas of integration are different and we also observe that eBSOLV and eBSVGFV are both on chromosome 2 whereas eBSImV is on chromosome 1. These results allowed us to develop the molecular tools required for the characterization of these 3 functional eBSVs within the diversity of M. balbisiana. This characterization has revealed the structural diversity of eBSV and has thus clarified previously unresolved details of M. balbisiana phylogeny. Secondly, we studied the regulatory mechanism of eBSV expression. This work investigated if RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms could explain the maintenance of eBSV in the Musa genome. Our analyses have shown that, as expected, eBSV was under the control of RNAi mechanisms and the strong production of 24nt small RNAs that target eBSV suggests that Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS) was involved in this control. In parallel, we investigated the mechanisms implicated in the anti-viral defense during a BSV infection on a banana plant without eBSV in order to understand the constitutive defense of banana plants. On the basis of these results we have proposed a regulation model of eBSV and BSV and we discuss the impact of silencing regulation on eBSV evolution. Data accumulated during this work have clarified several steps in the co-evolutionary history of Musa sp. and eBSV and explain the maintenance of eBSVs in Musa genomes that we observe today
Tekaya, Hamouda Nedra. "Identification et étude d'un nouveau mécanisme nucléaire de régulation post-transcriptionnelle par les micro-ARN." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4007/document.
Full textMicro-RNA, nuclear regulation, gene silencing, SfpqThere is a growing body of evidence about the presence and the activity of the miRISC in the nucleus of mammalian cells. Here we show by quantitative proteomic analysis that Ago2 interacts with the complex formed by Sfpq, Pspc1 and NonO in a RNA-dependent fashion. Sfpq mediates the interaction between miRISC with Pspc1 and NonO in the nucleoplasm. By HITS-CLIP coupled with transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that Sfpq specifically controls the downregulation of a subset of crucial let-7a-target mRNAs in stem cells, including Lin28a, Prtg, and Igf2bp1. Sfpq directly binds to specific sequence in the 3'UTR to promote the recruitment of selected nucleoplasmic miRNAs and triggers the decay, as we show for Lin28a mRNA. These results extend the miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing into the nucleus and indicate that a dual strategy
Books on the topic "Silencing génique"
Muhammad, Sohail, ed. Gene silencing by RNA interference: Technology and application. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005.
Find full textMarin, Latterich, ed. RNAi. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Find full textR, Engelke David, and Rossi John J, eds. RNA interference. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
Find full textSohail, Muhammad. Gene Silencing by RNA Interference: Technology and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.
Find full textSohail, Muhammad. Gene Silencing by RNA Interference: Technology and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.
Find full text(Editor), C.-ting Wu, and Jay C. Dunlap (Editor), eds. Homology Effects (Advances in Genetics, Volume 46) (Advances in Genetics). Academic Press, 2002.
Find full textDunlap, Jay C., and C.-ting Wu. Homology Effects. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2002.
Find full text(Editor), C.-ting Wu, and Jay C. Dunlap (Editor), eds. Homology Effects (Advances in Genetics, Volume 46) (Advances in Genetics). Academic Press, 2002.
Find full textRNAi: RNAi (Advanced Methods). Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Find full textEngelke, David R., and John J. Rossi. RNA Interference. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2005.
Find full text