Academic literature on the topic 'Silence localization'

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Journal articles on the topic "Silence localization"

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Thon, Geneviève, K. Pernilla Bjerling, and Inga Sig Nielsen. "Localization and Properties of a Silencing Element Near the mat3-M Mating-Type Cassette of Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Genetics 151, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.3.945.

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Abstract Transcription is repressed in a segment of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome II that encompasses the mat2-P and mat3-M mating-type cassettes. Chromosomal deletion analysis revealed the presence of a repressor element within 500 bp of mat3-M. This element acted in synergy with the trans-acting factors Swi6, Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Clr4 and had several properties characteristic of silencers: it did not display promoter specificity, being able to silence not only the M mating-type genes but also the S. pombe ura4 and ade6 genes placed on the centromere-distal side of the mat3-M cassette; it could repress a gene when placed further than 2.6 kb from the promoter and it acted in both orientations, although with different efficiencies, the natural orientation repressing more stringently than the reverse. Following deletion of this element, two semistable states of expression of the mat3-M region were observed and these two states could interconvert. The deletion did not affect gene expression in the vicinity of the mat2-P cassette, 11 kb away from mat3-M. Conversely, deleting 1.5 kb on the centromere-proximal side of the mat2-P cassette, which was previously shown to partially derepress transcription around mat2-P, had no effect on gene expression near mat3-M. A double deletion removing the mat2-P and mat3-M repressor elements had the same effect as the single deletions on their respective cassettes when assayed in cells of the M mating type. These observations allow us to refine a model proposing that redundant pathways silence the mating type region of S. pombe.
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Anton, Kristina, Arne Ernst, and Dietmar Basta. "A static sound source can improve postural stability during walking." Journal of Vestibular Research 31, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-200015.

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BACKGROUND: During walking, postural stability is controlled by visual, vestibular and proprioceptive input. The auditory system uses acoustic input to localize sound sources. For some static balance conditions, the auditory influence on posture was already proven. Little is known about the impact of auditory inputs on balance in dynamic conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at investigating postural stability of walking tasks in silence and sound on condition to better understand the impact of auditory input on balance in movement. METHODS: Thirty participants performed: walking (eyes open), tandem steps, walking with turning head and walking over barriers. During each task, acoustic condition changed between silence and presented noise through an earth-fixed loudspeaker located at the end of the walking distance. Body sway velocity was recorded close to the body’s center of gravity. RESULTS: A decreased body sway velocity was significant for walking (eyes open), tandem steps and walking over barriers when noise was presented. Those auditory stimuli did not affect sway velocity while walking with turning head. The posture has probably improved due to the localization ability when walking with the head facing forward, while the localization ability was impaired when turning the head. CONCLUSIONS: The localization ability of a fixed sound source through the auditory system has a significant but limited impact on posture while walking.
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Kirkland, Jacob G., Misty R. Peterson, Christopher D. Still, Leo Brueggeman, Namrita Dhillon, and Rohinton T. Kamakaka. "Heterochromatin formation via recruitment of DNA repair proteins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 7 (April 2015): 1395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1413.

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Heterochromatin formation and nuclear organization are important in gene regulation and genome fidelity. Proteins involved in gene silencing localize to sites of damage and some DNA repair proteins localize to heterochromatin, but the biological importance of these correlations remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of double-strand-break repair proteins in gene silencing and nuclear organization. We find that the ATM kinase Tel1 and the proteins Mre11 and Esc2 can silence a reporter gene dependent on the Sir, as well as on other repair proteins. Furthermore, these proteins aid in the localization of silenced domains to specific compartments in the nucleus. We identify two distinct mechanisms for repair protein–mediated silencing—via direct and indirect interactions with Sir proteins, as well as by tethering loci to the nuclear periphery. This study reveals previously unknown interactions between repair proteins and silencing proteins and suggests insights into the mechanism underlying genome integrity.
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Martin, Anna R., Camille M. Syrett, Arpita Myles, Michael L. Atchison, and Montserrat C. Anguera. "Atypical Xist RNA Localization to the Inactive X in a Female-biased Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 40.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.40.18.

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Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease that affects women nine times more than men. The genetic basis for this bias is the X-chromosome, where the greatest concentration of immunity related genes on any chromosome can be found. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and through a process, known as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), silence one of their X-chromosomes randomly to have a similar level of X-linked gene expression as males (XY). In XCI, XIST RNA, a long non-coding RNA, is expressed from the future inactive X (Xi) and is bound to it in cis by the transcription factor YY1. As XIST coats the Xi, it recruits heterochromatin modifiers to condense and silence it. Previous research has shown that human SLE patient B cells exhibit altered localization of XIST RNA, thus indicating that they have partial reactivation of the Xi. To explore this relationship, we worked with NZB/W F1mice, which are a well-characterized murine model of SLE that also displays a female bias. The hypothesis of our study is that due to reduced expression of YY1, NZB/W F1 mice have altered Xist RNA localization leading to increased expression of X-linked genes in splenic B cells. Preliminary results using qPCR indicate that the concentration of YY1 is reduced across all stages of disease in NZB/W F1 when compared to age-matched wild type (WT) mice. Using Xist RNA FISH, we have observed that the activated B cells of late stage disease NZB/W F1 mice have decreased localization of Xist RNA to the Xi when compared to WT. In addition, we observed that the expression of TLR7 and CXCR3, two x-linked genes, are increased in diseased NZB/W F1 when compared to age-matched WT.
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Rothé, Benjamin, Lucia Leal-Esteban, Florian Bernet, Séverine Urfer, Nicholas Doerr, Thomas Weimbs, Justyna Iwaszkiewicz, and Daniel B. Constam. "Bicc1 Polymerization Regulates the Localization and Silencing of Bound mRNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 35, no. 19 (July 27, 2015): 3339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00341-15.

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Loss of the RNA-binding protein Bicaudal-C (Bicc1) provokes renal and pancreatic cysts as well as ectopic Wnt/β-catenin signaling during visceral left-right patterning. Renal cysts are linked to defective silencing of Bicc1 target mRNAs, including adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6). RNA binding of Bicc1 is mediated by N-terminal KH domains, whereas a C-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) self-polymerizesin vitroand localizes Bicc1 in cytoplasmic fociin vivo. To assess a role for multimerization in silencing, we conducted structure modeling and then mutated the SAM domain residues which in this model were predicted to polymerize Bicc1 in a left-handed helix. We show that a SAM-SAM interface concentrates Bicc1 in cytoplasmic clusters to specifically localize and silence bound mRNA. In addition, defective polymerization decreases Bicc1 stability and thus indirectly attenuates inhibition of Dishevelled 2 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Importantly, aberrant C-terminal extension of the SAM domain inbpkmutant Bicc1 phenocopied these defects. We conclude that polymerization is a novel disease-relevant mechanism both to stabilize Bicc1 and to present associated mRNAs in specific silencing platforms.
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Zscheppang, Katja, Washa Liu, MaryAnn V. Volpe, Heber C. Nielsen, and Christiane E. L. Dammann. "ErbB4 regulates fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis in primary fetal rat type II cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): L429—L435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00451.2006.

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Insufficient fetal surfactant production leads to respiratory distress syndrome among preterm infants. Neuregulin signals the onset of fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis through formation of erbB receptor dimers. We hypothesized that erbB4 downregulation in fetal type II epithelial cells will downregulate not only fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis, but also affect proliferation and erbB receptor localization. We tested these hypotheses using small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against the erbB4 gene to silence erbB4 receptor function in cultures of primary day 19 fetal rat lung type II cells. ErbB4 siRNA treatment inhibited erbB4 receptor protein expression, fibroblast-conditioned medium induced erbB4 phosphorylation, and fetal surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Cell proliferation, measured as thymidine incorporation, was also inhibited by erbB4 siRNA treatment. Downregulation of erbB4 receptor protein changed erbB1 localization at baseline and after stimulation, as determined by confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation. We conclude that erbB4 is an important receptor in the control of fetal lung type II cell maturation.
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Sateriale, Adam, Peter Miller, and Christopher D. Huston. "Knockdown of Five Genes Encoding Uncharacterized Proteins Inhibits Entamoeba histolytica Phagocytosis of Dead Host Cells." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 4 (January 25, 2016): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01325-15.

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Entamoeba histolyticais the protozoan parasite that causes invasive amebiasis, which is endemic to many developing countries and characterized by dysentery and liver abscesses. The virulence ofE. histolyticacorrelates with the degree of host cell engulfment, or phagocytosis, andE. histolyticaphagocytosis alters amebic gene expression in a feed-forward manner that results in an increased phagocytic ability. Here, we used a streamlined RNA interference screen to silence the expression of 15 genes whose expression was upregulated in phagocyticE. histolyticatrophozoites to determine whether these genes actually function in the phagocytic process. When five of these genes were silenced, amebic strains with significant decreases in the ability to phagocytose apoptotic host cells were produced. Phagocytosis of live host cells, however, was largely unchanged, and the defects were surprisingly specific for phagocytosis. Two of the five encoded proteins, which we namedE. histolyticaILWEQ (EhILWEQ) andE. histolyticaBAR (EhBAR), were chosen for localization via SNAP tag labeling and localized to the site of partially formed phagosomes. Therefore, both EhILWEQ and EhBAR appear to contribute toE. histolyticavirulence through their function in phagocytosis, and the large proportion (5/15 [33%]) of gene-silenced strains with a reduced ability to phagocytose host cells validates the previously published microarray data set demonstrating feed-forward control ofE. histolyticaphagocytosis. Finally, although only limited conclusions can be drawn from studies using the virulence-deficient G3Entamoebastrain, the relative specificity of the defects induced for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells but not healthy cells suggests that cell killing may play a rate-limiting role in the process ofEntamoeba histolyticahost cell engulfment.
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Curceanu, Catalina, Diana Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Sergio Bartalucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, et al. "Quantum mechanics under X-rays in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory." International Journal of Quantum Information 15, no. 08 (December 2017): 1740004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749917400044.

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By performing X-ray measurements in the “cosmic silence” of the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, we test a basic principle of quantum mechanics: the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) for electrons. We present the achieved results of the VIP experiment and the ongoing VIP2 measurement aiming to gain two orders of magnitude improvement in testing PEP. X-ray emission can also be used to put strong constraints on the parameters of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization Model, which was introduced as a possible solution to the measurement problem in Quantum Mechanics. A Bayesian analysis of the data collected by IGEX will be presented, which allows to exclude a broad region of the parameter space which characterizes this model.
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Broad, Amanda J., and Jennifer G. DeLuca. "The right place at the right time: Aurora B kinase localization to centromeres and kinetochores." Essays in Biochemistry 64, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190081.

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Abstract The fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis is intimately linked to the function of kinetochores, which are large protein complexes assembled at sites of centromeric heterochromatin on mitotic chromosomes. These key “orchestrators” of mitosis physically connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules and transduce forces through these connections to congress chromosomes and silence the spindle assembly checkpoint. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are highly regulated to ensure that incorrect attachments are not prematurely stabilized, but instead released and corrected. The kinase activity of the centromeric protein Aurora B is required for kinetochore-microtubule destabilization during mitosis, but how the kinase acts on outer kinetochore substrates to selectively destabilize immature and erroneous attachments remains debated. Here, we review recent literature that sheds light on how Aurora B kinase is recruited to both centromeres and kinetochores and discuss possible mechanisms for how kinase interactions with substrates at distinct regions of mitotic chromosomes are regulated.
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Michaud, Pascale, Vivek Nilesh Shah, Pauline Adjibade, Francois Houle, Miguel Quévillon Huberdeau, Rachel Rioux, Camille Lavoie-Ouellet, Weifeng Gu, Rachid Mazroui, and Martin J. Simard. "The RabGAP TBC-11 controls Argonaute localization for proper microRNA function in C. elegans." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): e1009511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009511.

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Once loaded onto Argonaute proteins, microRNAs form a silencing complex called miRISC that targets mostly the 3’UTR of mRNAs to silence their translation. How microRNAs are transported to and from their target mRNA remains poorly characterized. While some reports linked intracellular trafficking to microRNA activity, it is still unclear how these pathways coordinate for proper microRNA-mediated gene silencing and turnover. Through a forward genetic screen usingCaenorhabditis elegans, we identified the RabGAPtbc-11as an important factor for the microRNA pathway. We show that TBC-11 acts mainly through the small GTPase RAB-6 and that its regulation is required for microRNA function. The absence of functional TBC-11 increases the pool of microRNA-unloaded Argonaute ALG-1 that is likely associated to endomembranes. Furthermore, in this condition, this pool of Argonaute accumulates in a perinuclear region and forms a high molecular weight complex. Altogether, our data suggest that the alteration of TBC-11 generates a fraction of ALG-1 that cannot bind to target mRNAs, leading to defective gene repression. Our results establish the importance of intracellular trafficking for microRNA function and demonstrate the involvement of a small GTPase and its GAP in proper Argonaute localizationin vivo.
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Book chapters on the topic "Silence localization"

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Ojha, Tamoghna, and Sudip Misra. "HASL: High-Speed AUV-Based Silent Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 128–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37949-9_11.

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Bharti, Manisha, and Poonam Rani Verma. "Underwater Localization Techniques." In Energy-Efficient Underwater Wireless Communications and Networking, 45–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3640-7.ch004.

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Underwater acoustic communication uses sound waves to trans-receive information, diving deep inside water, environment scanning, undersea explorations, disaster prevention, etc. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to cover stationary and mobile localization algorithm. They are further subdivided into distributed and centralized. Each one is further subcategorized into estimation-based and prediction-based schemes. The category therefore extends on the basis of ranging method, communication, and synchronization, some of which are area localization, sensor-based localization, forming a sensor array, motion-aware self-localization, silent localization. Each one will be discussed in detail in this chapter. At last, hybrid technique is also discussed, which combines stationary and mobile techniques. The discussion includes various nodes including anchor node, unknown node, sink node, and reference node. Various methods to follow the techniques are also discussed, which include anchor-based method, ranging method, and message communication.
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Szonyi, Michael. "A Family Reunion Silences a Bully." In The Art of Being Governed, 64–80. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197241.003.0003.

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This chapter talks about the Ye family of Fuqing, whose most famous member, Grand Secretary Ye Xianggao, has provided an account of how his family tried to restore contact with their soldier-kin on the northern frontier. Registration as a military household entailed more than simply providing soldiers to serve in the army. It carried valuable tax exemptions. It exposed the household to potential threats and blackmail from their neighbours. The chapter also talks about distinct regulatory regimes that affected everyday life for military households. There was the civilian household registration regime, access to which insulated a family from conscription at the cost of higher corvée exactions. There was the original conscription system, whereby family members in the home village were vulnerable to conscription. And there was the reformed conscription system after the localization policy was put in place, which effectively insulated the family from conscription and enabled them to reduce their corvée obligations.
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Proulx, Michael J., David J. Brown, and Achille Pasqualotto. "The Processing of What, Where, and How." In Sensory Substitution and Augmentation, edited by Fiona Macpherson, 150–66. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.003.0009.

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Vision is the default sensory modality for normal spatial navigation in humans. Touch is restricted to providing information about peripersonal space, whereas detecting and avoiding obstacles in extrapersonal space is key for efficient navigation. Hearing is restricted to the detection of objects that emit noise, yet many obstacles such as walls are silent. Sensory substitution devices provide a means of translating distal visual information into a form that visually impaired individuals can process through either touch or hearing. Here we will review findings from various sensory substitution systems for the processing of visual information that can be classified as what (object recognition), where (localization), and how (perception for action) processing. Different forms of sensory substitution excel at some tasks more than others. Spatial navigation brings together these different forms of information and provides a useful model for comparing sensory substitution systems, with important implications for rehabilitation, neuroanatomy, and theories of cognition.
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Fischer-Rasokat, Ulrich, and Christian Hamm. "Clinical symptoms of stable ischaemic heart disease." In ESC CardioMed, edited by William Wijns, 1339–43. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0330.

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Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) becomes symptomatic when myocardial demand exceeds blood supply. Myocardial ischaemia leads to a wide range of symptoms, including chest pain as well as diffuse, worrisome sensations, all of which can be summarized under the term ‘chest discomfort’. Cardiac chest discomfort may be characterized according to four attributes: character, location, duration, and association with provoking or relieving factors. Typical angina pectoris, with a very high probability of significant epicardial coronary stenosis, can be diagnosed if three pre-specified criteria are met, whereas atypical angina pectoris, with only a moderate probability of IHD, and non-anginal chest pain fulfil fewer of these criteria. Angina pectoris can be quantified according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification, which is based on threshold activities of angina-limited physical exertion. Some patients with IHD do not complain of chest discomfort but report symptoms such as sweating, nausea, or dyspnoea that have been demonstrated to be early indicators of IHD, denoted here as ‘angina equivalents’. Patients who do not experience any symptoms at all although myocardial ischaemia is detected are said to have ‘silent’ ischaemia. Patients with chest pain or discomfort use certain uniform hand gestures to describe the localization and character of the pain; thus, body language may be complementary to diagnostic criteria for IHD. Women are more likely to present with atypical forms of chest discomfort, and IHD is diagnosed roughly 10 years later in women than in men. Careful interpretation of patients’ descriptions of their symptoms is crucial to correctly diagnosing IHD.
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Conference papers on the topic "Silence localization"

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Chamanzar, Alireza, and Pulkit Grover. "Silence Localization." In 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2019.8717188.

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Kushwaha, Manvir S. "Band Gap Engineering in N-Dimensional Phononic Crystals." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13416.

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Periodic binary elastic/acoustic composites can give rise to genuine band gaps in the band structure. The term genuine refers to the complete gaps, which persist independently of the polarization of the wave and of its direction of propagation. Within these complete gaps sound and vibrations are forbidden, the "acoustic crystals" stand still, and the total silence reigns. Thus a vibrator (or defect) introduced into a periodic elastic composite would be unable to generate sound or vibrations within the gap. The existence of complete gaps in the band structure is closely associated with the (classical) Anderson localization of sound and vibrations. The search for phononic band-gap materials is of comparable interest to the pursuit of photonic band-gap materials. Thus the phononic crystals are to acoustics as photonic crystals are to optics. In comparison to the photonic crystals, there are additional parameters (the mass densities and two velocities - longitudinal and transverse) involved in the phononic crystals, which make the physics richer and leaves us with more options in the quest of creating full stop bands in the system. As regards the applications, the phononic crystals are envisioned to find ways in the acoustic waveguides, improvements in designing the transducers, elastic/acoustic filters, noise control, ultrasonics, and medical imaging, to name a few. Since the interesting phenomena emerging from the phononic crystals are all consequences of the existence of the gap(s), a major part of the research efforts has focused on the search for phononic band-gap crystals. As such, we report and emphasize on the spectral gaps in the band structure for cleverly synthesized N-dimensional (N = 1, 2, 3) phononic crystals. PACS numbers:
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Jiang, Meng, Jan Lundgren, Shahab Pasha, Marco Carratu, Consolatina Liguori, and Goran Thungstrom. "Indoor Silent Object Localization using Ambient Acoustic Noise Fingerprinting." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9129086.

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Wang, Wenping, Haoqian Huang, Xialin Jiang, and Wei Su. "A joint passive time synchronization and localization algorithm for underwater silent mobile node." In WUWNet'18: The 13th ACM International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3291940.3291941.

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Kisseleff, S., X. Chen, I. F. Akyildiz, and W. Gerstacker. "Localization of a silent target node in magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks." In ICC 2017 - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7996460.

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