Journal articles on the topic 'Sikh women – Social conditions'
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1
Nesbitt, Eleanor. "‘Woman Seems to Be Given Her Proper Place’: Western Women’s Encounter with Sikh Women 1809–2012." Religions 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090534.
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Over a period of two centuries, western women—travellers, army wives, administrators’ wives, missionaries, teachers, artists and novelists—have been portraying their Sikh counterparts. Commentary by over eighty European and north American ‘lay’ women on Sikh religion and society complements—and in most cases predates—publications on Sikhs by twentieth and twenty-first century academics, but this literature has not been discussed in the field of Sikh studies. This article looks at the women’s ‘wide spectrum of gazes’ encompassing Sikh women’s appearance, their status and, in a few cases, their character, and including their reactions to the ‘social evils’ of suttee and female infanticide. Key questions are, firstly, whether race outweighs gender in the western women’s account of their Sikh counterparts and, secondly, whether 1947 is a pivotal date in their changing attitudes. The women’s words illustrate their curious gaze as well as their varying judgements on the status of Sikh women and some women’s exercise of sympathetic imagination. They characterise Sikh women as, variously, helpless, deferential, courageous, resourceful and adaptive, as well as (in one case) ‘ambitious’ and ‘unprincipled’. Their commentary entails both implicit and explicit comparisons. In their range of social relationships with Sikh women, it appears that social class, Christian commitment, political stance and national origin tend to outweigh gender. At the same time, however, it is women’s gender that allows access to Sikh women and makes befriending—and ultimately friendship—possible.
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Kontogianni, Dionisia. "Η επίδραση του οικογενειακού περιβάλλοντος στην εκπαιδευτική προσαρμογή νηπίων ινδικής καταγωγής." Preschool and Primary Education 7, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ppej.18487.
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The present study focuses on families of Indian immigrants. The subjects in question come from the state of Panjab and have a Sikh religion. Purpose of the study is to show the linguistic and sociocultural conditions that the Indian preschoolers experience in their family life in Greece. As long as the family is the basic area of the children’ socialization, the culture that the children experience in their family environment specifies the linguistic and cultural background when they start attending the Greek preschool. The data of the case-study in question were gathered through the interviews given by eleven parents of the preschoolers and three kindergarten teachers. What the data analysis has shown is a tendency of linguistic and sociocultural separation of the families from the dominant language and culture. This separation has a direct impact on the children’ adaptation at school. The tendency that the analysis has shown is related to the desire of the family to preserve the ethnocultural and religious identity of their country and is increased due to the restricted role of the woman inside the family and the community. It is also supported by the social role that the temple built by the Indian community at Rethymno plays.
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Höpflinger, François, Stefanie Spahni, and Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello. "Persönliche Bilanzierung der Herausforderungen einer Verwitwung im Zeit- und Geschlechtervergleich." Journal of Family Research 25, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-140.
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Research on bereavement has traditionally focussed on widowhood as either a social or individual event, but rarely under both perspectives. Furthermore, little is known whether existing research results mirror period or cohort effects. The aim of this article is to investigate constancies and changes in the retrospective perception of the challenges of widowhood of elderly women and men living in different decades in Switzerland. Data stem from three questionnaire studies with 1.197 widowed men and women (aged 65-102 years) carried out in 1979, 1994, and 2011. Results reveal that the subjective interpretations mirror the significant improvement of the economic and social situation of widowed individuals in Switzerland over the last decades, particularly for women. In contrast, no significant time effects can be observed with regard to the psychological challenges of marital loss in old age (redefinition of sense of life, feelings of loneliness). These findings suggest, that even in good socio-economic conditions widowhood remains psychologically a critical life event.
Zusammenfassung
Bisherige Forschung hat die Verwitwung entweder primär als soziales oder als individuelles Ereignis untersucht, selten jedoch wurden beide Perspektiven verbunden. Zudem ist wenig darüber bekannt, inwiefern bisherige Forschungsergebnisse Perioden- oder Kohorteneffekte wiederspiegeln. In diesem Beitrag wird die persönliche Bilanzierung nach der Verwitwung älterer Schweizer Frauen und Männer im Geschlechterund Zeitvergleich untersucht1. Die Datenbasis beruht auf Befragungen von 1.197 verwitweten Frauen und Männern (Alter: 65-102 Jahre), welche 1979, 1994 und 2011 durchgeführt wurden. Während sich die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rahmenbedingungen nach einer Verwitwung –namentlich bei Frauen – im Zeitvergleich verbessert haben, zeigen sich bezüglich psychischer Herausforderungen einer Verwitwung keine periodenspezifischen Veränderungen. Psychisch bleibt der Partnerverlust auch bei günstigen Sozialbedingungen ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das individualisiert bewältigt werden muss.
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Kaur, Surinder. "EQUALITY OF WOMEN IN SIKH IDEOLOGY." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2014): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v6i2.3468.
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The status of a woman in a society shows the social, cultural, religious and political scenario of that society. The position of the woman has passed many phases. It becomes evident after studying the fundamental teachings of different spiritual traditions that different religions accorded high status to the woman. Through this research paper, an effort has been made to know the status of the woman in Sikhism. For this purpose, Semitic and Aryan religious traditions have been made the foundation to understand the status of the woman prior to the emergence of Sikhism. Misogynistic interpretation of the myth of Adam and Eve in Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions and Pursha-Prakriti duality in Hindu Sankh philosophy made it clear that it is male chauvinism and misogynistic bent of mind which undermined the role of the woman in those societies. In the fifteenth century, Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism and his successor Sikh Gurus accorded very high status to the woman. Guru Ram Das, fourth Nanak, composed Lavan- the recitation of which became an essential part of the Sikh marriage ceremony. Lawans helped the women to get worthy status with men not only in this world but in spiritual realm also. Women in Sikhism through the institution of marriage regained their lost status. In this research paper, it has been concluded that Eve and Prakriti i.e. women are enabled to play equal and more vibrant role in the socio-religious, political and economic spheres due to the egalitarian and humanistic message of the Sikh Gurus. Sikhism has made it possible to wipe out the gender bias and narrow-mindedness associated with a male dominated society.
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Khamisa, Zabeen. "Disruptive Garb: Gender Production and Millennial Sikh Fashion Enterprises in Canada." Religions 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11040160.
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Several North American Sikh millennials are creating online values-based fashion enterprises that seek to encourage creative expression, self-determined representation, gender equality, and ethical purchasing, while steeped in the free market economy. Exploring the innovative ways young Sikhs of the diaspora express their values and moral positions in the socio-economic sphere, one finds many fashionistas, artists, and activists who are committed to making Sikh dress accessible and acceptable in the fashion industry. Referred to as “Sikh chic”, the five outwards signs of the Khalsa Sikh—the “5 ks”—are frequently used as central motifs for these businesses (Reddy 2016). At the same time, many young Sikh fashion entrepreneurs are designing these items referencing contemporary style and social trends, from zero-waste bamboo kangas to hipster stylized turbans. Young Sikh women are challenging mainstream representations of a masculine Sikh identity by creating designs dedicated to celebrating Khalsa Sikh females. Drawing on data collected through digital and in-person ethnographic research including one-on-one interviews, participant observation, and social media, as well as fashion magazines and newsprint, I explore the complexities of this phenomenon as demonstrated by two Canadian-based Sikh fashion brands, Kundan Paaras and TrendySingh, and one Canadian-based Sikh female artist, Jasmin Kaur.
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Manchanda, Mahima. "Sikh Women’s Biography." South Asia Research 37, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728017700203.
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This article examines the biography of Bibi Harnam Kaur, the young co-founder of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya, established in 1892 in Ferozepur, Punjab as one of the earliest schools for the education of Sikh girls. The opening of this school by her husband, Bhai Takht Singh, raises questions about the extent to which such initiatives reflected the desire of Sikh men and of the Singh Sabha at that time to ensure that their women should become educated to emerge as ideal wives and mothers. The clearly hagiographical biography presents Bibi Harnam Kaur as an extraordinary young woman destined for greatness, but also raises many tensions, contradictions and conflicts hidden below the surface concerning female education in India, which a feminist reading of this biography against the grain seeks to bring out.
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Garha, Nachatter Singh. "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020076.
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Since the 1990s, the Sikh community in India has entered a phase of considerable socioeconomic and demographic transformation that is caused by the large-scale practice of female feticide, the spread of higher education among women, and the mass emigration of unskilled men to the Western countries. These changes have a great impact on the traditional configuration of gender roles and disrupt the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in India and in the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations and 64 in-depth interviews with Sikh immigrants in Spain (26) and Italy (22) and their relatives in India (16), this paper first explores the expectations of masculinity in the Sikh community in Italy and Spain; and second, analyses the challenges that are imposed by the socioeconomic and demographic transformation in the Indian Sikh community and the social environment in the host countries on the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in both countries.
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Singh, Jaspal Kaur. "Negotiating Ambivalent Gender Spaces for Collective and Individual Empowerment: Sikh Women’s Life Writing in the Diaspora." Religions 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10110598.
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In order to examine gender and identity within Sikh literature and culture and to understand the construction of gender and the practice of Sikhi within the contemporary Sikh diaspora in the US, I analyze a selection from creative non-fiction pieces, variously termed essays, personal narrative, or life writing, in Meeta Kaur’s edited collection, Her Name is Kaur: Sikh American Women Write About Love, Courage, and Faith. Gender, understood as a social construct (Butler, among others), is almost always inconsistent and is related to religion, which, too, is a construct and is also almost always inconsistent in many ways. Therefore, my reading critically engages with the following questions regarding life writing through a postcolonial feminist and intersectional lens: What are lived religions and how are the practices, narratives, activities and performances of ‘being’ Sikh imagined differently in the diaspora as represent in my chosen essays? What are some of the tenets of Sikhism, viewed predominantly as patriarchal within dominant cultural spaces, and how do women resist or appropriate some of them to reconstruct their own ideas of being a Sikh? In Kaur’s collection of essays, there are elements of traditional autobiography, such as the construction of the individual self, along with the formation of communal identity, in the postcolonial life writing. I will critique four narrative in Kaur’s anthology as testimonies to bear witness and to uncover Sikh women’s hybrid cultural and religious practices as reimagined and practiced by the female Sikh writers.
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Emadi, Hafizullah. "Repression and endurance: anathematized Hindu and Sikh women of Afghanistan." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 4 (July 2016): 628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1153613.
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Hindus and Sikhs, longtime minority religious communities in Afghanistan, have played a major role in the social, cultural, and economic development of the country. Their history in Afghanistan has not been faithfully documented nor relayed beyond the country's borders by their resident educated strata or religious leaders, rendering them virtually invisible and voiceless within and outside of their country borders. The situation of Hindu and Sikh women in Afghanistan is significantly more marginalized socially and politically. Gender equality and women's rights were central to the teachings of Guru Nanak, but gradually became irrelevant to the daily lives of his followers in Afghanistan. Hindu and Sikh women have sustained their hope for change and seized any opportunity presented to play a role in the process. Active participants in the social, cultural, and religious life of their respective communities as well as in Afghanistan's government, their contributions to social changes and the political process have gone mostly unnoticed and undocumented as their rights, equality, and standing in the domestic and public arena in Afghanistan continue to erode in the face of continuous discrimination and harassment.
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Tatla, Darshan S. "Book Review: Sikh Women in England: Their Social and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, no. 3 (September 2005): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400306.
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Huk, Mariia. "PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN OF UKRAINE IN MILITARY FORMATIONS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: CURRENT HISTORIOGRAPHY." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 40 (2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.6.
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The article is focuses on the study of the issues of participation of women of Ukraine in military formations in the First World War by modern Ukrainian historiography (1991-2016). Based on the topic, the author tried to solve the following research tasks: to identify which aspects of women's military history are within the interest of historians, to analyze the scale, character and level of research of the topic. The author found that the study of women's military history is gaining momentum. Historians are actively searching women's stories in the sources of those times; they are in the process of gathering information. They call military history “personal” because research on the subject is partially based on reports of the press about women volunteers and mainly on participants' personal documents, memoirs and letters. In the letters, women wrote about the way to the front, military life, a little about participation in battles, relations with soldiers; they also left information about each other. At the same time, each of the women had personal experience of war, own motives and results. Therefore, historians concluded that "this experience is quite difficult to summarize ". Modern researchers approach the study of women's stories not only in terms of heroism but trying to understand the causes and consequences of women's actions. The authors mention such main reasons as boredom of everyday life, escape from duties and national impulse. Inspired by the new fashionable views on life, the girls tried to escape from their everyday duties; they wanted to overcome social barriers and to prove that women were capable to cope with any work. The escape to the front was an attempt to change the way of life. Women who came to the front and participated in hostilities had to adapt quickly to difficult conditions and trials; they had to fight and to protect their own lives. The authors also analyze how society perceived the phenomenon of women in the war. Military commanders heroized their actions with the reason to raise the fighting spirit. However, the views of military men varied: the village guys welcomed and supported the girls; on the contrary, the men from the intelligent circle condemned women regarding them as competitors. Civil women believed that the girls had forgotten their traditional duty, they could have been more helpful in hospitals and doing charity. The author of the article also found that the participation of women in the military unit of the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen was better studied. The researchers concluded that the Ukrainian women who lived in the Russian Empire supported the call in 1917 of the Provisional Government and Maria Bochkareva to form women's combat battalions. Women were motivated to go to the front by the same reasons as women in the ranks of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen: failures in love, the desire to escape from violence and humiliation in the family, domestic problems, the desire to avenge the dead relatives and loved ones. In big cities such as Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa, Poltava, the Ukrainian women willingly enrolled in the army. Anyway, the inclusion of women in the combat units of the army of the Russian Empire was found out fragmentary, there are almost no names and characteristics of the activity of the women's battalions. Only a few researchers pay attention to the messages in the then newspapers about escapes and the heroic deeds of girls in the war. These issues require the search of information and detailed study. The author came to the conclusion that most of the questions remain scientifically open requiring the search for information about women in the ranks of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the army of the Russian Empire for the generalization of information and creation of a coherent picture of the military service of women at the front of the First World War.
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Buffam, Bonar. "Political appearances." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 11/12 (October 14, 2019): 923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2018-0201.
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Purpose In Metro Vancouver, Vaisakhi celebrations are organized by local Sikh gurdwaras to mark the Punjabi harvest season and the anniversary of the Sikh Khalsa, which was formed in 1699. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Vaisakhi celebrations have become mechanisms for state institutions to refigure and extend their racial authority over Sikh places and populations through their coordinated appearances at these public events. These appearances are analyzed to reveal how contemporary racial states are characterized by complex conditions of visibility and public identification that obscure and foreclose the racial conditions of their authority. Design/methodology/approach The data analyzed for this paper were generated through observational fieldwork at Vaisakhi celebrations and extensive archival and media research on the changing racial governance of Sikh and South Asian populations. Findings The results show that, in Metro Vancouver, racial modes of governance have created “post-racial” relations between the state’s public visages of diversity and accessibility and its expanded legal regulation of the social and political places of local Sikh populations. Originality/value The concept of political appearances is developed to explain how contemporary racial states reproduce and augment their authority through discursive practices of public engagement with minority populations as well as the specific aesthetic conditions of these engagements. The paper also offers important cautions against state practices that expand the presence of law enforcement within marginalized communities by showing how this enhanced visibility can engender forms of racialization.
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Mand, Kanwal. "Gender, ethnicity and social relations in the narratives of elderly Sikh men and women." Ethnic and Racial Studies 29, no. 6 (November 2006): 1057–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870600960305.
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Mooney, Nicola. "‘In Our Whole Society, There Is No Equality’: Sikh Householding and the Intersection of Gender and Caste." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020095.
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Sikhism is widely understood and celebrated as san egalitarian religion. This follows from its interpretation as a challenge to the caste schema of Hinduism as well as readings which suggest its gender equality. This paper explores the intersection of caste and gender in Sikh society in relation to Guru Nanak’s tenet that Sikhs be householders. Nanak’s view that householding is the basis of religious life and spiritual liberation—as opposed to the caste Hindu framework in which householding relates only to the specific stage of life in which one is married and concerned with domestic affairs—was one of the most important social and ritual reforms he introduced. By eliminating the need for an asceticism supported by householders, or in other words the binary framework of lay and renunciant persons, Nanak envisioned the possibility that the rewards of ascetism could accrue to householders. For Sikhs living at Kartarpur, the first intentional Sikh community, established by Guru Nanak as a place of gathering and meditation, Nanak’s egalitarian ideals were practiced so that women and members of all castes were equal participants. Guru Nanak’s model for social and ritual life presents a radical challenge to the hierarchies and exclusions of Hinduism, and yet, contains within it the basis for ongoing caste and gender disparity for Sikhs, since most Sikhs continue to arrange their householding around caste endogamous marriages and social and domestic arrangements which privilege men. Taking the position shared by a number of Sikh ethnographic informants, and supported by a number of feminist scholars, that the realization of an equal Sikh society remains incomplete, I juxtapose the continued acquiescence to caste and gender with the vision of an ideal and socially just society put forward by the Gurus.
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Bertolani, Barbara. "Women and Sikhism in Theory and Practice: Normative Discourses, Seva Performances, and Agency in the Case Study of Some Young Sikh Women in Northern Italy." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020091.
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The paper reflects on the role of women in Sikhism in theory and social practice, starting from a case study in northern Italy. Although the normative discourse widely shared in mainstream Sikhism affirms the equality between man and woman and the same possibility to manifest devotion through every kind of seva (social service within gurdwaras), empirical observation in some Italian gurdwaras has shown a different picture, as there is a clear division of tasks that implicitly subtends a gender-based hierarchy. This relational structure is challenged by intergenerational tensions, especially by young women born or raised in Italy, who may want to develop a different Sikh identity, considered compatible also with the Italian social and cultural context. In this initial process of collective identity definition and of agency, the female participation in the religious seva within gurdwaras is identified as the tool for change of power relations that cross genders and generations.
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Hadi, Fazli, Dr syed Rashid Ali, and Shahid Ameen. "خیبرپختونخوا میں سکھوں کے معاشرتی مسائل کا شرعی جائزہ اور ان کا حل." Al-Duhaa 2, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.002.02.0132.
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The study is conducted with a view to analyze the social problems of the Sikh community in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in light of the Islamic Sharia. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was reservation for various religions from ancient times and Sikh creed is one of them. Guru Nanak is its founder and its successor Ranjit Singh has ruled this province for some time i-e (1834-1849) but later on unable to maintain its kingdom and supremacy. The author has collected the major social problems from the social, political, business men and other influential people of various districts through face to face interviews and other print and electronic media. The study find these major problems: registration of marriage act, building of shamshanghaat, educational curriculum and minority seats in educational institutions, census problems, free celebration of cultural and religious festivals, pending of social and religious cases in courts and teasing of the children in schools by saying kafir kafir etc. The study concluded that, the Islamic Sharia allows them full social freedom under certain conditions and keeping in view the sentiments of the Muslims which is an important part of the Islamic history.
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Ali, Sajjad, and Dr Hussain Frooq Khan. "سلطان باہوؒ کی پنجابی شاعری پر حدیث نبوی کا اثر." Al-Duhaa 2, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.002.02.0134.
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The study is conducted with a view to analyze the social problems of the Sikh community in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in light of the Islamic Sharia. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was reservation for various religions from ancient times and Sikh creed is one of them. Guru Nanak is its founder and its successor Ranjit Singh has ruled this province for some time i-e (1834-1849) but later on unable to maintain its kingdom and supremacy. The author has collected the major social problems from the social, political, business men and other influential people of various districts through face to face interviews and other print and electronic media. The study find these major problems: registration of marriage act, building of shamshanghaat, educational curriculum and minority seats in educational institutions, census problems, free celebration of cultural and religious festivals, pending of social and religious cases in courts and teasing of the children in schools by saying kafir kafir etc. The study concluded that, the Islamic Sharia allows them full social freedom under certain conditions and keeping in view the sentiments of the Muslims which is an important part of the Islamic history.
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Saleem, Umar, and Dr Rashida Parveen. "Role of Woman in Political Sphere in Mughal Era and British Empire in the Sub Continent." Fahm-i-Islam 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37605/fahm-i-islam.3.1.15.
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In general, this research revealed the error of the common assumption that "a state of negativity, dependency and self-reliance has prevailed over the participation of Indian women in public life, and that she was suffering from marginalization and exclusion from participation in political, social and scientific life". In fact, woman played important role in political sphere and some important personalities have been taken into consideration to unveil their efforts in politics. Similarly, the Indian woman gained a great deal of political influence. She took responsibility for governing herself at times in managing governance affairs. This political role was not limited to Muslim women alone, but was also found among Sikh and Hindu women. This article appraises the role of woman in political sphere during Mughal Era and British domain.
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Gonzales, Juan L. "Asian Indian Immigration Patterns: The Origins of the Sikh Community in California." International Migration Review 20, no. 1 (March 1986): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000103.
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This article outlines the immigration and settlement patterns of Asian Indians in the United States from the turn of the century to the present decade. The focus is on the efforts of the Sikh pioneers to succeed in what can only be viewed as a hostile social environment, marked primarily by racial discrimination and legal restrictions on their entry into this country. With modifications in the U.S. immigration laws of 1965 an educated professional class of Asian Indians have monopolized the flow of immigrants from India, with the result that the Sikhs presently constitute a small proportion of the total number of Asian Indians in the U.S. However, the recent political crisis in India has served to galvanize the American Sikh community into political action. This has resulted in a political split between the Sikhs and other Asian Indians in this country. This article concludes with an analysis of the demographic composition of the “third wave” Asian Indian immigrants in the United States and their potential impact on political conditions in India.
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Mahendru, Ritu, and Shane Blackman. "‘He enjoyed it more than I did’!: young British Sikh women negotiating safe sex in heterosexual encounters." Journal of Youth Studies 23, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1654088.
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Shim, Jin-Keong. "Women as Social Conditions― Focused on roman à clef Based on New Women." DAEDONG MUNHWA YEON'GU ll, no. 82 (June 2013): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18219/ddmh..82.201306.77.
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Ali, Fizza, and Gulzar Ahmad. "Social Discrimination, Need to Belong, and Psychological Wellbeing Among Religious Minorities in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 37, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.2.19.
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The basic objective of this study was to find out the relationship of social discrimination with psychological wellbeing in presence of the moderating role of need to belong among religious minorities in Pakistan. The sample consisted of 162 adult religious minorities participants. Online questionnaires which included demographics, Daily Life Discrimination Scale (Williams et al., 1997), Need to Belong Scale (Leary et al., 2013), and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Kallay & Rus, 2014) comprising six subscales autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, positive relations with others, personal growth and self-acceptance were used to collect the data. It was found that social discrimination has a negative relationship with the need to belong as well as psychological wellbeing. The need to belong played a moderating role in four sub variables of psychological wellbeing as autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance and positive relations with others. Results also indicated that women face more social discrimination as compared to men and the Hindu and Sikh minorities face more social discrimination as compared to the Christian minority. This research may provide a stimulus for the policy makers and future researchers to learn more about the social discrimination, need to belong and psychological wellbeing of the religious minorities in Pakistan, and further, to alleviate their sufferings.
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Singh, L. P., and G. A. Harrison. "Impact of migration, environment and socioeconomic conditions on the physique of Sikhs." Journal of Biosocial Science 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022124.
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SummaryThis study is based on a cross-sectional sample of 459 Sikh adults, male and female, from three castes representing three levels of socioeconomic affluence. The sedentes group stayed all their lives in the native state of Punjab, India; the migrant group completed their active physical growth in the Punjab and left for the UK at around 20 years of age. The pattern of stature, weight, BMI and skinfolds in both groups reflects their level of socioeconomic affluence in their native Punjab. In the migrants, the caste differences in the mass measures largely disappear, but the differences in the skeletal dimensions remain. Both male and female migrants are heavier than their sedente counterparts and the male migrants have substantially higher amounts of subcutaneous fat. The change in weight, BMI and skinfolds in the migrants is inversely proportional to the original values of these variables in the native settings. Male sedentes and migrants are not statistically significantly different in stature, but the female migrants are taller than their sedente peers in all three castes. In a multivariate analysis, caste remains the most significant factor in the skeletal variables; in the mass characters, both caste and migration are statistically significant factors; age explains very little of the variation.
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Gomez, James. "Consolidating Indian Identities in Post-Independence Singapore: A Case Study of the Malayalee Community." Asian Journal of Social Science 25, no. 2 (1997): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382497x00167.
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AbstractThis paper examines the changing role of national and ethnic identity in post-independence Singapore. It argues that in comparison with 10-15 years ago, ethnic identities have gained importance over the national one. Examining the case of the Indians, in particular, that of the Tamil-speaking community, the paper argues that conditions for preserving the identity of the Tamil community are much improved. This is also true for the Sikh community. However, for the Malayalee community, given its fragmented nature, the prospects look bleak. The inability to gather the various segments of the community into a collective working whole is central to its problems. There is also a division between the younger and older members of the community. The younger Malayalees, having been socialized differently from the older generation in post-independence Singapore, find the current calls to return to ethnic roots unconvincing. The deliberations surrounding identity maintenance within the Malayalee community are sociologically interesting. They illustrate how recent national policies affect ethnic identity maintenance in contemporary Singapore.
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ACHING, Michele Carmona, and Tania Mara Marques GRANATO. "The good enough mother under social vulnerability conditions." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 33, no. 1 (March 2016): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752016000100003.
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Abstract The present qualitative study aims to understand the affective and emotional attitudes that support the maternal experience in precarious conditions by articulating the maternal ideals of socially vulnerable women through the Winnicottian concept of the good enough mother. We used a procedure called Interactive Narrative to facilitate a less defensive and more ludic approach to the studied theme and invited women sheltered in an institution for pregnant and puerperal women to complete a story that had been written by the researcher. In the second stage, we formed a discussion group to gain insight into participants' conceptions of motherhood. The material produced was analyzed as a collective production so that we could identify underlying affective and emotional aspects of the group's imaginative elaborations about motherhood in precarious conditions. Feelings of helplessness, abandonment and loneliness were as present in the narrative productions as the idea that having a child creates opportunities for the development of maternal capabilities.
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Karlsen, Saffron, James Yzet Nazroo, and Neil R. Smith. "Ethnic, Religious and Gender Differences in Intragenerational Economic Mobility in England and Wales." Sociology 54, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 883–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038520929562.
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This study uses data from consecutive England and Wales censuses to examine the intragenerational economic mobility of individuals with different ethnicities, religions and genders between 1971 and 2011, over time and across cohorts. The findings suggest more downward and less upward mobility among Black Caribbean, Indian Sikh and Muslim people with Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani ethnicities, relative to white British groups, and more positive relative progress among Indian Hindu people, but also some variation in the experiences of social mobility between individuals even in the same ethnic groups. For some groups, those becoming adults or migrating to the UK since 1971 occupy an improved position compared with older or longer resident people, but this is not universal. Findings suggest that these persistent inequalities will only be effectively addressed with attention to the structural factors which disadvantage particular ethnic and religious groups, and the specific ways in which these affect women.
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Patil, Savita, and Haji Begum. "Study of social conditions and economic problems of employed women." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/9.2/230-234.
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Kahf, Mohja. "Women and Social Justice." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 2 (September 1, 1991): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i2.2633.
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The task undertaken in this book, the development of a “third approach”to the issue of women’s oppression superceding both feminism and traditionalism,is much needed and much neglected in the Islamic movement.Specifically, Ahmad analyzes the impact of the introduction of hudud (Islamicpenal code) laws in Pakistan and makes policy recommendations for theirreform. Although his analysis is not limited in usefulness to Pakistan, it islimited, however, by several shortcomings in argument, structure, and language.Ahmad’s strong points emerge in his empirical study of Pakistani familylaw. While he attempts to refute the criticism that the hudud laws discriminateagainst women, he also recognizes that the application of these laws in alegal patchwork fraught with contradictions has not helped women. For example,the Family Laws Ordinance of 1961 requires all marriages to be officiallyreported but, with common and Islamic opinion being contrary, thislaw is frequently neglected. So when the hudud laws of 1979 made adulterypunishable, women living in Islamic but unreported marriages were reportedfor adultery by vengeful ex-husbands. This particular problem would be solved,Ahmad argues, by punishing such men for slander, a neglected aspect ofthe Shari‘ah’s approach to adultery which is to women’s advantage. He arguesfor an end to “this vicious circle of immediacy, adhocism and temporarysolutions” (p. 48) in the application of the Shari‘ah, and for a more creative,comprehensive reform. His use of statistics from Pakistani courts is an attemptto ground his analysis in the living reality of Pakistani women, anattempt which is only infrequently made by Islamist writers on women’s issues,who usually hide behind obscure generalizations about the ideal society.It is also edifying to see an Islamist writer admit that “we should notdoubt the intent and motive of those who talk on these issues and take adifferent position” (p. 11). Too often this debate over the status of womenresults in bitter and useless finger-pointing in which the advocates of changein women’s conditions are labelled “Western,” as if one had to be Westernto see anything exploitative about the present treatment of Muslim women.Unfortunately, Ahmad does not stick to his promise and succumbs to a defensivediatribe against his ideological opponents, calling them ‘‘crypto-colonialists’’and emphasizing their emergence from the upper classes. The same charge ...
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Gajewski, Mariusz. "Social and personal aspects of single motherhood: pedagogical and social contexts." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 591, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1536.
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The article addresses the issue of single motherhood for women in individual, social and pedagogical aspects. The personality and social conditions of single motherhood were analysed. Two main contexts of experiencing motherhood by contemporary women were pointed out, which are social norms and cultural patterns as well as individual, intrapsychic conditions of perceiving oneself as a mother. Social references and pedagogical conditions of single motherhood were shown. It was pointed out that the way women experience motherhood depends to a large extent on family, professional, colleague situations and random events. While discussing the issues of loneliness and solitude, the pedagogical aspect of this phenomenon and the multitude of possible attitudes and references to motherhood experienced were pointed out. The article indicates that social expectations for single mothers imply how women perceive their motherhood and how it affects the pedagogical dimension of its implementation. Motherhood as a conscious decision of a woman and as an undesirable state, as a consequence of events over which the woman-mother has no influence – these are other versions of motherhood described and analysed in the article. The article ends with considerations on the pedagogical dimension of the implementation of motherhood, and therefore on the role and place of children and family as the closest environment of women-mothers. The final part also indicates the need for institutional support for single mothers and their families.
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Tolochek, V. "Social Environment Conditions, Resources And Social Success Of Subjects: Open Questions." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021478-1.
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The article is devoted to the study of temporal and spatial characteristics of the conditions of the social environment as potential resources for the social success of subjects. The author's methodology was used (questionnaire “Dynamics of professional life style”); respondents (482 men and women aged 30–50 years old — civil servants, engineers and heads of departments of industrial enterprises, managers) assessed in points the role of social environment conditions as “professional factors”, the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years; their socio-demographic and service characteristics were recorded. In the course of statistical analysis, the total sample was divided into different groups (men and women, specialists and managers, representatives of various professions, realized and unrealized in the family sphere); the sums of assessments of the environmental conditions of different social spaces were used (“Parental family”, “Relatives”, “Interpersonal relations”, “Own family”, “Work environment”, “Mesoenvironment”) and relative assessments (reflecting the duration of the duties of the head, managerial experience and family life relative to the age of the respondents). We received confirmation of the hypothesis that different positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not equally significant for all people, people of different sex, age, working in different fields of activity, having different social experience; in case of joint and/or long-term impact, the positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not summed up and do not give a stronger effect than with their separate, selective and/or short-term effects.
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Mohammad, Fawzia Abdullah, and Abdullah Kurshed Abdullah. "Social Problems of Displaced Women." Journal of University of Raparin 9, no. 5 (December 29, 2022): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(9).no(5).paper17.
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This research aims to identify the social, economic, health, psychological and housing problems that the displaced women are exposed to after displacement. The research relied on the qualitative approach in the form of interviews with the organization's questions, and a community was randomly selected, and the sample was intentionally selected in four suburbs which are, (Debaga camp - Debaga district, Qushtaba district, Ankawa district, Khabat district) in the city of Erbil, as well as two theories were applied in it, and the most important findings of the research in the end were the most important: that the majority of the displaced originally belonged to the city of Mosul and the majority of them were of Arab nationalism, and specifically they were displaced from the villages of Makhmour district. They were among the categories of married women and housewives, and the number of their family members for the majority ranged between (1-5) individuals. It is clear from the results that the majority of displaced women suffer from several problems, including financial ones, due to the husband’s illness or death - and the missing among them in particular, including their marital status from the categories (the immigrant husband), that is, they left their wives and married another woman. And the majority suffer from health problems and a state of disability in the body, especially the displaced women of Christian nationalism. Among the results, it is clear that the majority of displaced women suffer from housing problems, due to the presence of dampness and the lack of health conditions in their housing. The majority of the displaced confirmed that they do not want to return to their city, due to the lack of safety and stability in their areas of origin. At the end of the research, the researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions to address the problems of the displaced.
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Thi, Mai Le. "Social Capital, Migration, and Social Integration." GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.6(1) Jan-Mar 2018 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2018): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609//gjbssr.2018.6.1(1).
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Objective - This paper focuses on exploring the ways in which social capital is utilised to promote the integration of Vietnamese women who married Taiwanese husbands into host families and the host. Methodology/Technique - Data was derived from a case study undertaken in 2014 on the Penghu Islands and in Taipei, Taiwan, with interviews and the observation of 31 people including Vietnamese women who married Taiwanese husbands, local people. Findings - Findings reveal the values and norms of responsibility of Vietnamese women in family that were educated themselves, have been practiced effectively by Vietnamese women married to Taiwanese husbands to integrate into their families. Research limitations/implications - The regulations and legal environment for immigrants have created favourable conditions for their integration into the host families. Traditional Vietnamese cooking skills are chosen by many Vietnamese women as a kind of social capital for their access to the Taiwanese job market. The social integration is reflected through social-economic, culture integration, and citizenship. Originality/value - It is hoped that study results will serve as the useful scientific basis for developing policies that promote the social integration of immigrants for the development of individuals and the social community. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Social Capital; Social Integration; Migration Marriage. JEL Classification: C31, O15
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Garstecki, Dean C., and Susan F. Erler. "Personal and Social Conditions Potentially Influencing Women’s Hearing Loss Management." American Journal of Audiology 10, no. 2 (December 2001): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2001/007).
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Little gender-specific data related to hearing loss and hearing loss management are available. The purpose of this investigation was to examine personal and social conditions affecting women at selected stages of the adult life course that may influence hearing loss management. In all, 191 women in three age groups, ranging from 35 to 85 years old, participated. None reported hearing problems. Participants completed a demographic data form and were given a standard audiometric evaluation to confirm age-normal hearing. Each completed assessments of speech understanding in quiet and noise, auditory signal duration discrimination, and binaural processing. Measures of hearing knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes; health-related locus of control; ego strength; and, social support were administered. Results revealed that although some variables deteriorate among subsequent age groups (i.e., hearing thresholds, central auditory processing, and ego strength), the reverse is true for others (i.e., social interaction and satisfaction with income). Age-specific sociodemographic burdens that may interfere with hearing loss management were noted. New psychosocial data are revealed against which women and men with impaired hearing may be compared.
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Zuckerman, Miron, Chen Li, and Edward F. Diener. "Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 3 (January 11, 2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216684133.
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Findings from a meta-analysis on gender differences in self-esteem (Zuckerman et al., 2016) suggest that the relation between the degree to which societal conditions are favorable to women and gender difference in self-esteem might be quadratic; when conditions improve, women’s self-esteem (relative to that of men) trends downward but when conditions continue to improve, women’s self-esteem begins to trend upward. Testing whether these relations generalize to subjective well-being, the present study found a quadratic relation between improving societal conditions and the gender difference in life satisfaction and positive affect (women are lower than men when societal conditions are moderately favorable compared to when they are at their worst and at their best); the relation was linear for negative emotion (women report more negative emotions than men when societal conditions are better). Directions for future research that will address potential explanations for these results are proposed.
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Watkins, Christopher D., Lisa M. DeBruine, Anthony C. Little, and Benedict C. Jones. "Social Support Influences Preferences for Feminine Facial Cues in Potential Social Partners." Experimental Psychology 59, no. 6 (January 1, 2012): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000162.
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Most previous studies of individual differences in women’s and men’s preferences for sexually dimorphic physical characteristics have focused on the importance of mating-related factors for judgments of opposite-sex individuals. Although studies have suggested that people may show stronger preferences for feminine individuals of both sexes under conditions where social support may be at a premium (e.g., during phases of the menstrual cycle where raised progesterone prepares women’s bodies for pregnancy), these studies have not demonstrated that perceptions of available social support directly influence femininity preferences. Here we found that (1) women and men randomly allocated to low social support priming conditions demonstrated stronger preferences for feminine shape cues in own- and opposite-sex faces than did individuals randomly allocated to high social support priming conditions and (2) that people perceived men and women displaying feminine characteristics as more likely to provide them with high-quality social support than those displaying relatively masculine characteristics. Together, these findings suggest that social support influences face preferences directly, potentially implicating facultative responses whereby people increase their preferences for pro-social individuals under conditions of low social support.
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Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku. "Invisible lives, inaudible voices? The social conditions of migrant women in Johannesburg." African Identities 5, no. 1 (April 2007): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725840701253787.
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Miller, Gary M. "Bourbon Social Engineering: Women and Conditions of Marriage in Eighteenth-Century Venezuela." Americas 46, no. 3 (January 1990): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007014.
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Historians have long debated the relationship between the Spanish Crown and its colonial subjects. The issue has taken on an additional dimension as our knowledge of the lives of women expands. Recently published works describe the statutes promulgated by royal authorities to regulate the institution of marriage. But what was the actual result of these laws once they crossed the Atlantic Ocean? Were they followed to the letter, partially enforced, or ignored? Did they apply to some groups and not to others? In order to answer these and other questions it seemed appropriate to focus upon the laws governing marriage and the effect of their implementation on a specific group of women—the wives of regular army officers who served in Venezuela during the last half of the eighteenth century.
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Allen, Justine B., and Sally Shaw. "An Interdisciplinary Approach to Examining the Working Conditions of Women Coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.8.1.1.
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Smits, Luc J., Willianne L. D. M. Nelen, Maurice G. A. J. Wouters, Huub Straatman, Piet H. Jongbloet, and Gerhard A. Zielhuis. "Conditions at conception in women with recurrent miscarriage." Social Biology 45, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1998): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1998.9988969.
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Zakharova, E. I. "Negative Attitude towards Motherhood in Modern Women: Settings and Conditions." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 1 (2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110106.
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The author addresses the issue of attitudes towards motherhood in modern women of reproductive age. The paper focuses on the phenomena that give evidence of unfavorable social tendencies referring to partial or com¬plete withdrawal of women from fulfilling the social role of mother. A study that involved 40 mothers of infants enabled the author to outline significant differences in the subjects' performances of their roles as mothers. For instance, some of the women tended to minimize their participation in caring for the child. The analysis of the reasons for such behavior suggests that they are rooted not so much in the social conditions of the women's lives, but rather in the personalities of the latter. In accordance with the general idea of the research, the author proceeds with a group of childfree women who made a conscious decision not to have children. The study involved 43 women of reproductive age. This time the exploration of reasons behind such refusal revealed a spe¬cific value orientation of the respondents. The author concludes that the development of certain features of personality contributing to an individual's negative attitude towards motherhood may be determined by a number of characteristics typical of the modern sociocultural space.
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Teshaboyeva, Sh. "Social Considerations For Women's Participation." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 8, 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-05.
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Varvin, Sverre, and Eivor Lægreid. "Traumatised women—organised violence." Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in China 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v3n1.2020.92.
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This article focuses on the conditions for the development of organised violence to women and children with the ensuing traumatic effects, and details the situation of the affected persons. The claim is that present situations of social unrest, wars, and persecution produce conditions where archaic images of male dominance and entitlement are likely to emerge. When these are justified by some religious–political ideology, atrocities are particularly likely to follow. In the same way that ethnic groups may be targeted, women and girls may be the chosen objects of repression and aggression.
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윤지현. "Working Conditions and Social Status of Korean Women Service Employees in the 1920s~30s." Women and History ll, no. 10 (June 2009): 93–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22511/women..10.200906.93.
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Buitrago Leal, Roxana. "What are the different ways in which we can understand gendered diasporic identities?" Zona Próxima, no. 11 (May 17, 2022): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/zp.11.080.91.
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Gender studies has facilitated the exploration of Aids and Migration among other social problems, and has enabled a more sensible understanding of the discrimination practices that exist around them. This paper will discuss the aspects in which gender studies have contributed to assess issues regarding migration from the gendered diaspora perspective. This sociological construction of diaspora encompasses the many different reasons why migrants decide to leave their country, bounded by national, racial or ethnic background, which enroll in a strong political motivation. Although in this essay, the theoretical discussion will embrace male gendered diasporas as well, critics of the term have questioned how gendered diasporas have been traditionally understood of men. The first part of the discussion will be guided by the question: what is a gendered diaspora identity? The essay will emphasise the gendered category of analysis. I will argue how gendered identities are constructed under the circumstances of dominance and oppression that result from displacement. First, the deconstruction of the social category of gendered diaspora will be assessed, through an examination of Ella Shohat ́s agreement of identity. The essay will then examine the term diaspora and its ambivalences and criticisms. The second part of the discussion will consider three separate cases of how gendered diasporic identities are being understood, including: the cultural representations of Cuban Americans, the Sikh diaspora and Armenian women in Los Angeles.
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McKendy, Laura, and Rosemary Ricciardelli. "Non-Association Conditions among Released Women: Implications for Successful Community Reintegration." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, no. 1 (April 2022): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.13.
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AbstractIn addition to standard parole conditions, parolees under federal community supervision may be subject to special conditions as determined by the Parole Board of Canada; such conditions are intended to manage factors associated with criminogenic risk and need. One set of special conditions places restrictions on parolees’ social relationships and associations, which can include general restrictions (e.g., non-association with individuals involved in crime) or specific restrictions (e.g., no contact with one’s victim or co-accused). Drawing on case files of women under community supervision (n = 43), we explore how non-association and no contact orders shape community release experiences. We suggest that such conditions can have wide-reaching effects on women’s social lives and reintegration (e.g., in the areas of social support, employment, and housing), thereby, at times, complicating women’s attempts to construct post-institutional lives and identities. We consider how association conditions illustrate the broader tension between parole requirements and reintegration.
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McKendy, Laura, and Rosemary Ricciardelli. "Non-Association Conditions among Released Women: Implications for Successful Community Reintegration." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, no. 1 (April 2022): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.13.
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AbstractIn addition to standard parole conditions, parolees under federal community supervision may be subject to special conditions as determined by the Parole Board of Canada; such conditions are intended to manage factors associated with criminogenic risk and need. One set of special conditions places restrictions on parolees’ social relationships and associations, which can include general restrictions (e.g., non-association with individuals involved in crime) or specific restrictions (e.g., no contact with one’s victim or co-accused). Drawing on case files of women under community supervision (n = 43), we explore how non-association and no contact orders shape community release experiences. We suggest that such conditions can have wide-reaching effects on women’s social lives and reintegration (e.g., in the areas of social support, employment, and housing), thereby, at times, complicating women’s attempts to construct post-institutional lives and identities. We consider how association conditions illustrate the broader tension between parole requirements and reintegration.
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MEL'NIKOV, Roman M. "Estimating the return on social capital in Russian conditions." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 827–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.5.827.
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Subject. The article investigates the role of social capital as a factor of competitiveness in the Russian labor market. Objectives. The purpose is to estimate the impact of social capital on employment prospects, wages, work and life satisfaction in Russian conditions. Methods. I use the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey to estimate the return on social capital. Summary indicators of social capital are estimated, using the factor analysis of survey variables that characterize relationships with relatives, work colleagues, friends, etc. To consider the effect of self-selection in employment for women, I use the Heckman model. Results. The study revealed that good relations with colleagues and the ability to use their resources to solve professional problems closely correlate with wage growth, minimize risks of unemployment, and contribute to increasing the job and life satisfaction. The ability to get support from relatives does not affect success in the labor market, but has a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. Having good friends has a positive effect on both life and work satisfaction, especially for women. Conclusions. A significant impact of good relations with colleagues on success in the labor market and subjective well-being demonstrates the importance of forming and developing a network of professional contacts as a factor of building a successful career. Friendly atmosphere, mutual support of labor collective members, good personal relations with the closest partners are important factors of success in Russian conditions. They require special attention of managers.
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Azwar, Welhendri. "Women in the "Kerangkeng" of Tradition: the Study on the Status of Women in Minangkabau." Ijtimaiyya: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 10, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijpmi.v10i2.2368.
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The system of values, norms and some stereotypes attached to women are one of the factors that giving influences on the position and relationships of women with men in the existing social structure. Each person embraces the system of values or norm which is a consensus and constructed by the community itself than from generation to generation. The emergence of social construction on the status and role of women is the result of the perspective of a community towards their biological differences between men and women. The perspective which then results in oppression, exploitation, and subordination of women in social relations are contextually strongly related to socio-cultural conditions at that time. This section will discuss how women are positioned in the social life and the perspective of the culture of its subordination. Next, it is also described how the emergence of patriarchal ideology, a system that accommodates the interests of men to dominate and control women, as a consequence of the understanding of the nature of women which biologically different to men. The hegemony of patriarchal ideology brings the social awareness for women to accept the conditions of subordination as a natural thing, which is wrapped by the products of culture and tradition. It includes how patriarchal ideology is giving the effect on the system and the tradition of marriage.
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Dewi, Sayu Ketut Sutrisna, and I. Gusti Bagus Wiksuana. "The Factors Analysis of Financial Conditions of Working Women Sandwich Generation." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 11, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2.25635.
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Balinese women are known as primary caregivers and breadwinners for their families, strength, and involvement in various community activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence financial conditions and the role of financial literacy in mediating the relationship between factors that affect financial conditions. This research is descriptive-quantitative research using SEM-PLS analysis. The findings reveal that culture, social support, and financial literacy simultaneously positively impact financial conditions. From this research, it is also known that financial literacy acts as a mediator between the influence of culture and social support on financial conditions and also the influence of financial literacy on financial conditions. Therefore, financial literacy is very important to avoid financial pressure. Moreover, for the women of the sandwich generation to perform well while dealing with financial stress, social support is needed.How to Cite:Dewi, S. K. S., & Wiksuana, I. G. B. (2022). The Factors Analysis of Financial Conditions of Working Women Sandwich Generation. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(2), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2.25635.JEL Classification: M14, L31, F36, G530
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Kim, Mikyong Minsun. "Institutional Effectiveness of Women-Only Colleges: Cultivating Students' Desire to Influence Social Conditions." Journal of Higher Education 72, no. 3 (May 2001): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649333.
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