Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Signification cognitive'
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Leão, Maria Luiza Oliveira Castro de. "Les moments de turbulence : la déséquilibration cognitive et sa signification dramatique." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H021.
Full textThis research studies cognition processes, in specific moments of cognitive disequilibrium, named turbulence moments. We analyze the evolution of thought in a situation in an experimental situation based to the floating of the bodies. The epistemological framework chosen to study this learning phenomenon is founded mainly on Sara Pain's theory which deals with thought as a double structure, one being of a logical conceptual nature- in charge of building the objectivity- and the other of a dramatic-desiderative nature- in charge of giving subjective and affective significance to knowledge and ignorance. The didactic aims to show directions for a "pedagogy of turbulence". The data have been collected with a small group of elementary school teachers, for whom the moments of turbulence have been on purpose created
JEANNES, ERIC. "Signification d'une echelle d'evaluation cognitive, le dnbc, dans la maladie de parkinson." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M011.
Full textLavalle, Terron Gabriel Armando. "On a Multipropositionalist Approach to Modal and Cognitive Contents in Language." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0064.
Full textThis thesis explores a multipropositional approach to language and its application across various linguistic phenomena. Here, I motivate an extension of John Perry’s reference-reflexive theory to cover utterances of simple and complex sentences. I argue that this framework provides a deeper understanding of modal and cognitive contents and their interaction. First, I introduce the theory emphasizing its multipropositionalist basis. I then apply the analysis to simple sentences for solving problems with cognitive significance and apparent violation of extensional principles due to substitutivity. Afterward, I extend this analysis to complex sentences with attitude verbs or modal expressions. Concerning attitude reports, I offer a solution to the problem of opacity, an interpretation of opaque vs. transparent reports, relational vs. non-relational reports, and a novel approach to belief reports involving unarticulated constituents. For modal sentences, I discuss the role of rigidity in elucidating the semantics of names and critique reactions to rigidity. Finally, I present an interpretation of rigidity and an account of modal content, mixed modalities, and the de dicto and de re distinction in modal sentences within the multipropositional framework
Mazaleyrat, Hélène. "Vers une approche linguistico-cognitive de la polysémie : Représentation de la signification et construction du sens." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545777.
Full textMullet, Véronique. "Rôle de la polarité des homographes et de la nature du contexte sur l'accès au lexique." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A005.
Full textAdjiman, Rémi. "L'émergence du sens du spectateur, au cours de la projection cinématographique : une approche communicationnelle et cognitive." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10042.
Full textCrepalde, Adilson. "A construção do significado de tekoha pelos kaiowá do Mato Grosso do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115758.
Full textThis work aims at discussing the cultural aspects of the signification process, by analyzing the language used in talks with Kaiowá people from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Its central point is to discuss cultural differences in the signification process. To develop the work, conversations with Kaiowá members considered being cultural examples by their peers, for having traditional knowledge and leadership traits were recorded and analyzed. The conversations were recorded in ten different places and approached the theme tekoha [teko’ha], generically defined as a place where the Kaiowá people live according to their way of living. With the recordings, a corpus was formed and analyzed on the basis of theoretical perspectives developed within the Cognitive Linguistics framework, as thought and applied by authors like Lakoff (1987), Lakoff; Johnson (2003), Fauconnier (1994, 2002), Kövecses (2005), and others. The corpus interpretation permitted to demonstrate common traits among all people interviewed, evidencing Kaiowá cultural characteristics. The corpus analyses revealed these cultural traits as well as reflected the Kaiowá way of conceptualizing and symbolizing. These traits have been constructed based on their experience in the world, becoming a specific way of constructing world understandings and of elaborating and applying a language to evoke and update them. In this way, this work corroborates the Embodied Cognition Hypothesis, according to which meaning elaboration takes place in the interaction between body and environment, a process determined by biological forces, but elaborated in the experience of social groups in a determined place, which comes up with different ways of perceiving, conceptualizing and representing social-historical experiences. The analyses demonstrated the importance of understanding cognitive, linguistic, social, and historical aspects as well as the basic premises that mix up to form cultures. Taking into account all these aspects made possible to demonstrate the complexity and the engendering of the meaning of tekoha, as well as to show how they are all interconnected in the process of meaning building and updating. The data analyses reflected how the Kaiowá people have built their culture as a belonging nest, a possible way of engendering truth and a set of premises and values whereof they ensure and justify their existence. By using this kind of analysis, it was possible to demonstrate how the meaning of tekoha, out of this cultural frame, might sometimes be understood very superficially, which reinforces the thesis of the importance of the context for the comprehension of categories and concepts. The research has led to conclude that the data collection method, by means of semi structured ethnography, as well as the theoretical perspective and the interdisciplinary approach were suitable so as to achieve the established objectives. The Cognitive Linguistics theoretical perspective proved to be an important theoretical support to understand not only the signification process in academic terms but also to discuss indigenous issues contributing to understand intercultural dialog. At last, the reflections carried out in this work can inspire research and teaching projects and also be used as a support for teaching methods at indigenous schools. It can still contribute for discussions on interethnic relations, especially on relations between the non-indigenous and the Kaiwoá people.
Nayigizente, Ildefonse. "Le rôle du contexte dans la résolution des problèmes isomorphes." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A011.
Full textReinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
Full textIliopoulos, Antonios. "The prehistory of material signification : tracing the nature and emergence of early body ornamentation through a pragmatic and enactive theory of cognitive semiotics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0811d8f8-e885-4785-b7a6-681faaceca41.
Full textBert, Nicolas. "Dissonance cognitive et transformation de la représentation sociale du sport : effets du changement de la signification d'un élément central sur les attitudes et les comportements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3056/document.
Full textThe theory of commitment (Joule & Beauvois, 1998 ; Kiesler, 1971), combined with thetheory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957 ; Fointiat, Girandola, & Gosling, 2013),provides an experimental framework of observation and understanding of some social practiceeffects on the social representation dynamics (Abric, 1994 ; Flament, 1994 ; Guimelli, 1989).This work follows on from the research led in the area of the effects of forced doublecompliance (Joule, 1991) on the transformation of social representations (Renard, Bonardi,Roussiau, & Girandola, 2007). The aim of this thesis is more precisely to determine what typesof modification within the social representation of sport among nonathletic students are likelyto produce an impact on attitudes and behaviours, and to see whether those changes originatefrom some dissonance reduction processes. If the structural transformation of sport socialrepresentation produces an evolution on short-term attitudes, it seems that the modification ofa central element signification causes long-term attitudinal and behavioural changes. Thestudents who fulfilled two acts in a context of commitment (ie, free- choice) declare themselvesmore favorable and practise more sport than the participants in the control condition. Aninterpretation in terms of rationalisation is put forward
Bellachhab, Abdelhadi. "Construction du sens dans les interactions verbales en classe de FLE : le cas de l'excuse en contexte marocain." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3029.
Full textThis research studies meaning construction in verbal interactions of Moroccan advanced learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL). In line with the experiential approach, this study investigates semantic and conceptual representations underlying apologies both in French and in Moroccan Arabic, and their linguistic realizations from a developmental point of view. It examines representational structures and cognitive mechanisms likely to mobilize linguistic forms realized during verbal interaction. In order to do this, two theoretical models are considered by virtue of their relevance to our analysis and of their theoretical and methodological connection, namely Cognitive Grammar and Semantics of Argumentative Probabilities. The analysis undertaken within the scope of this study on apology speech act construction and realization, whether it is semantic, cognitive or linguistic, reveals that meaning construction, determined by our experiences in and with the world, takes place beforehand at the cognitive level. Then meaning is negotiated, actualized, modified, and realized during verbal interaction. Likewise, this analysis shows that learning is not limited to internalizing linguistic forms or developing a one-to-one connection between forms and the meanings they are expressing. Rather, learning is about marking, understanding, and internalizing semantic and conceptual representations underlying those forms
Pariollaud, Fanelly. "Verbes, agents et patients : questions de sémantique : étude de verbes de relations interpersonnelles." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5018.
Full textThe verb, excluded a long time from semantic research, is only recently considered as denoting an action-concept. This work aimed to study verbs under a semantic approach and to determine if a verb rapidly activates semantic knowledge of its patient and agent thematic roles. Action-concepts organization is questioned jointly with verbs processing by an experimental study of interpersonal verbs. Lexical decision task paradigm, used here, revealed an automatic activation of the priviledge -nonassociated - agent representation durgin verbs' on-line processing. Although a same methodology was used for the patients and agents, the results obtained were non identical : patient preferred representation had been only actived when strategic processes were engaged. So, if verb-agent link can be reasonably considered as purely semantic, the verb-patient one should be thought as being semantico-associative
Doguet, Jean-Paul. "Représentation et référence." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20002.
Full textThe matter of that work is the resumption of an old problem : the relations between language and reality. The author claims that these relations are made up by two basic ties, representation and reference, operations which are different but at the same time complete each other. The essay looks into both operations after another. Representation is inherent in lexical, and is made up by an intentional link set between meanings and the extra-linguistic world, a link shared by the speakers of a language. Representation is structured independantly from any speech act, by a net of oppositions we conventionally call lexical space, and it is in itself free from every ontological implications regarding the existence of any entity. It can however be related to several types of extensions and the essay is propounding a classification of them. On the other hand reference necessarily requires a speech act, preformed by an individual, thus allowing the achievement of a referential sign. Such a kind of sign may be either formal or real, and cannot be separated from any ontological involvment. The work propounds a classification of the levels of reference, that is of the entities of all kinds that may be identified by a sign of that kind. The essay ends with a new inquiry into the problem of intersubjectivity
Rodriguez, Hugo. "Sémantique et pragmatique de la musique: Une approche cognitive basée sur le travail de Philippe Schlenker et sur les oeuvres de Franz Liszt." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/320810/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThis PhD aims to build a general theory of the interface between two dimensions of music : its semantic dimension (i.e. the meaningful nature of music) and its pragmatic dimension (i.e. the uses of music in context). The theory is grounded in a naturalistic perspective, at the intersection of three disciplines :philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology and historical musicology. The basic premise is that semantics and pragmatics of music are just particular cases of certain universal norms (i.e. the norm of truth) and certain social-cognitive dispositions of the human being, essentially non specific to what is usually called music, art or æsthetics. The first part outlines the main aspects of the theory, building on the work of linguist and philosopher Philippe Schlenker. We defend two claims :a semantic one and a pragmatic one. The semantic claim is that every musical meaning is indexical. In other words, a musical meaning is the set of possible causes attributed to a formally coherent unit of musical sounds, be they real and/or fictional causes, objective and/or subjective causes, sound producing or not sound producing causes. In any case, these possible causes are entities that are located within the listening context and are “indicated” by the music to the listener (hence the use of the word “indexical”). The entities that have possibly caused the musical sounds are, then, considered to be the true or false indexical content of the music. The pragmatic claim is that communication in music consists in organizing intentionally (including indirectly, at a distance, by means of relevant devices, such as programs, listening technologies, performance places, rites and other conventions, etc.) the relation between the composed and/or performed music and the supposed or effective context where the music would be listened, in order to enhance as much as possible the relevance of the true or false indexical meanings, inferred from the musical listening in this context. In the second part, the two hypotheses are further investigated by focusing on more complex semantico-pragmatic issues. We propose an in-depth analysis of three phenomena : fiction, narration and evocation. This three-part study is based on a detailed analysis of three symphonic poems by Franz Liszt (Hamlet, Tasso and Mazeppa). It is also grounded in the context of a central episode of 19th Century musical life :the quarrel between program music and pure music about the same semantic and pragmatic issues.
Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Meunier, Jean-Marc. "Les primitives sémantiques et l'organisation des significations d'actions." Paris 8, 1999. https://hal-univ-paris8.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098003.
Full textCosta, Sandra Aparecida da. "Mapas conceituais: um caminho para a aprendizagem significativa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10137.
Full textThe aim of this work is to point out the contributions of conceptual maps and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as strategies in the construction of a significant learning. The intention is to head for the writing development of our students so that we can get contributions to the use of the Information and Communication Technologies in the school environment. As a theoretical fundamentation in the search for the comprehension of the subject, some writers as Jonassen, Moreira, Ontoria and Okada, give us subsidies so much that we can understand the concepts of conceptual maps, technology and significant learning. The research teacher and the fifth-grade students in tutorial situation of a public and elementary school participated in the research. We use the qualitative methodology in our work. At the end of this research, we have made it clear that to develop the concept of mapping, it is necessary to select, link, integrate, reorganize and open concepts so that the construction of the knowledge goes through the interaction, organization and share. The concept of construction is intrinsically linked to the concept of sharing. From this confirmation derives the proposal of the ampliation of this knowledge net to all the school scope from the ICTs that were important elements in the construction of the practice and researches route
O objetivo desta pesquisa é destacar as contribuições dos mapas conceituais e das Tecnologias da Comunicação e Informação (TIC) como estratégias na construção de uma aprendizagem significativa. A intenção é procurar encaminhamentos para o desenvolvimento da escrita de nossos alunos numa visão de rede de modo a buscar contribuições para o uso das Tecnologias de Comunicação e Informação no ambiente escolar. Como fundamentação teórica na busca da compreensão do tema alguns autores, como Jonassen, Moreira, Ontoria e Okada, forneceram subsídios de modo a compreender os conceitos de mapas conceituais, tecnologia e aprendizagem significativa. Participaram da pesquisa a professora pesquisadora e alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental em situação de recuperação, em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental. Empregamos a metodologia qualitativa nesse trabalho. No final desta pesquisa ficou claro que, para desenvolver o conceito de mapeamento, é necessário selecionar, relacionar, conectar, integrar, reorganizar e abrir conceitos, ou seja, que a construção do conhecimento passa pela interatividade, organização e partilha. O conceito de construir está intrinsecamente ligado ao conceito de partilhar. A partir dessa constatação nasce a proposta de ampliação dessa rede de conhecimento por todo âmbito escolar por meio das TIC que foram elementos importantes na construção do percurso de práticas e pesquisas
Osta, Vélez Matías. "Inference and the structure of concepts." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H206.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the role of conceptual content in inference and reasoning. The first two chapters offer a critical analysis of the " formalist thesis ", i.e., the idea that rational inference is a mechanism that applies syntactic rules to propositionally-structured thoughts. Chapter 3 deals with the relationship between inference and representation. It is argued that inference must be studied from a pluralistic perspective because of its dependence on different formats representation in which conceptual information can be encoded. The next four chapters apply Peter Gärdenfors’ theory of conceptual spaces to three types of concept-based inference. First, an explication of Wilfrid Sellars' notion of material inference is advanced. Second, the model is extended to capture non-monotonic inference by studying the role of "expectations" in reasoning. Finally, a new mathematical model of category-based induction is presented. It is argued that the explanatory fruitfulness of the conceptual spaces-approach shows the failure of the formalistic thesis and calls for a unified model of rational inference centered on semantics. The last chapter of the thesis focuses on how inference and concepts interact in scientific reasoning, which constantly uses hybrid symbolic structures to represent conceptual information
Cottereau-Reiss, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude du développement cognitif chez les enfants kanak : représentations et significations d'une pratique d'espace : le Kellö." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30004.
Full textTakeuchi, Margareth Yuri. "Estudo do uso de mapa conceitual na promoção de aprendizagem significativa de conteúdo de neurociência na graduação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-08122009-102302/.
Full textThe study of cognitive processes provide a promising scenario to research aimed at better understanding of how the functioning of the brain may promote the education, enabling the development of new theories and approaches that encourage learning. This work will mainly occurs as the acquisition, storage, processing and retrieval of knowledge from the viewpoint of neuroscience, and how the conceptual map can map the knowledge of the individual. The conceptual map (CM) can be used both as a strategy of learning for the understanding of key concepts and relations between them and to promote critical thinking of the individual. Two-dimensional graphical representation, the CM allows visually organize the relationships between concepts. This structure from the wider concepts up to less comprehensive and relations between them can be indicated by words, phrases and symbols. It is used to facilitate the learning concepts ranking by building significant to the individual. The concepts appear in the boxes and lines that unite them: two concepts connected call proposition. During the construction of a CM, the individual exercises its ability to establish relationships between knowledge that he has already acquired in the course of learning to represent graphically the concepts of a particular subject.
Arambulo, Ayudante Iris Teresa. "Hacia una convivencia armoniosa para generar aprendizajes significativos: plan de acción." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11022.
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Bugin, Elisa <1985>. "Oralità, scrittura e scienze cognitive : alcuni significativi aspetti dell'epica di Omero, Apollonio Rodio, Quinto Smirneo." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4626.
Full textMy thesis aims to demonstrate how cognitive science, and, particularly, in this case, the study of working memory (WM), can draw a sharp distinction between orality and writing. Applying to Greek epic poetry what cognitive science teaches about WM, I will demonstrate that the Iliad and the Odyssey had an oral genesis and, for a long time, a completely oral transmission. I will argue that by the same token it is possible to confirm that other epic poems, such as the Argonautica and the Posthomerica had a written genesis and transmission. Applying cognitive science to these various epic texts and studying mental processes that distinguish orality from writing, I will show that signs of cognitive processes concerning orality are still evident in Homer whereas signs of cognitive processes concerning writing are visible in Apollonius of Rhodes and Quintus of Smyrna.
Moy, Corinne. "Le sujet et son entrée dans la lecture : du signe à la signification." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081330.
Full textReading is viewed according to the subject's modalities of entry into reading. The inquiry takes place beyond reading, as it is the finished product of a process most often morked out from a model, as well as beyond the reader -a theorical entity- in order to take into account both the act of reading and the subject. The approach focusses on the links of the subject to the sign in its relation to the "other" ; the study is a clinical one. Considering the contributions of c. S. Peirce's semiotics, f. De saussure's linguistics and its subsequent reshapings, it differentiates itself, after j. Lacan, by establishing the autonomy of the sign from the semantic content. The gap thus introduced is put as the essential condition for discovery of the process by which a sign reduced to the signifier carries meaning for a subject. From language in use, readind appears to be a temporal process which achieves the heterogeousness of semiotics and of semantics. This dimension elucidates some of the difficulties encountered when learning to read
Antonini, Roberta. "Le contrôle de la pensée lors de l'effort sportif : stratégies cognitives, styles de coping et signification de la douleur." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5799.
Full textThis study focuses on the psychological and cultural aspect of pain during effort, a factor implicit in the practice of sport. Several authors show how psychological activity can reduce the affective-emotional factor of pain. This activity is known as cognitive strategy. These cognitive methods can alter the perception of pain and help the subject face the discomfort caused by the sensation of pain. The analysis of cognitive strategies is based on the definition given by Morgan and Pollock (1977) who differentiate between two types of cognitive strategies : the associative strategy and the dissociative strategy. They also analyses the concept of coping which allows for the management of the internal and/or external constraints of a stressful simulation. Pain is considered to be stress-producing, threatening to destabilize the psycho-physiological balance of the sportsperson. Results put in evidence the inconsistency of these cognitive strategies , besides some categories defined like associative prove to be in relation with the avoidance coping. This new dimension has been interpreted like a strategy of technical diversion of the pain. The results highlight the influence of the different variables such a gender, the sport in question, the level of expertise and past experience of injury on his new cognitive strategies and on coping. Furthermore, the hypothesis that the two concepts are unrelated has been confirmed. The results of the thematic analysis highlight the important role of pain. Pain looked at in a positive light is not seen to be stressful and does not have to be confronted. On the other hand, when pain is seen in a negative light, it becomes absolutely essential to disassociate oneself from it. These results show the part played by belief. To be precise, believing in the efficiency of the strategy is more important than the strategy itself
Oliveira, Ângelo Mozart Medeiros de. "Fundamentos metodológicos para a medida de carga cognitiva e do conhecimento prévio num contexto de ensino de cinemática com o auxílio de uma hipermídia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156631.
Full textIn this research it was analyzed the use of a hypermedia system as a evaluating instrument of previous knowledge and learning assessment, within the perspective of the cognitive load theory and of the meaningful learning theory, in the teaching of kinematics. For this, initially a review of the literature on adaptative hypermedia and problem solving. The experimental part of research was based on the literature about hypermedia and the findings were interpreted in the light of these theories. It was also made a theoretical approximation between the meaningful learning theory and the cognitive load theory, together with the theoretical features of adaptative hypermedia found in the literature. In the first study an exploratory methodology was developed for the construction of a hypermedia programmed to make records of the answers given by the students as well as their browsing within the hypermedia during a test on average speed applied to students of high school first year of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Ibirubá campus, Brazil. Findings of the first study suggest that the theoretical distribution of the difficult level of the questions was satisfactory and that the students tend to stay in the certain difficult. The second study was carried out with high school first year students of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Bento Gonçalves, Brazil A case study was done, in which the content produced by students in their interaction with the hypermedia in the context of kinematics teaching was analyzed, but in this case with a context load higher than in the first study that was just about average speed. In addition of corroborating the level of difficult of the question it was found that it is not possible to align the students cognitive style and their browsing style, In the light of the theoretical framework an attempt was made to interpret these findings and a critical position was assumed regarding the logic of using cognitive style as adaptative method of browsing. At the end, a series guideline is proposed for future studies about the use of adaptative hypermedia in the teaching of kinematics.
Are, Beatrice. "Significations sociales contextuelles et resolution de probleme influence sur l'elaboration et la gestion de strategies comportamentales et cognitives." Master's thesis, Universite, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/324.
Full textSouza, Graziela Ferreira de. "Mapas conceituais no ensino de ciências: uma proposta para a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos científicos nos anos iniciais." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2473.
Full textO presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições do uso dos Mapas Conceituais como ferramenta potencializadora da Aprendizagem Significativa no ensino de ciências, para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, especificamente em uma turma de 5° ano de uma escola municipal da cidade de Ponta Grossa - PR. Para de alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa, com enfoque qualitativo de cunho interpretativo, junto a 30 alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, durante o primeiro semestre de 2016, totalizando 30 horas/aula. Para isso propôs-se o trabalho com abordagem sobre mapas conceituais e aplicaram-se atividades pedagógicas com enfoque no tema Energia, de modo a analisar o percurso de aprendizagem. Como aporte teórico para a pesquisa, foram estudados David Ausubel e Joseph Novak sobre a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa e Mapas Conceituais, bem como pesquisadores referentes ao Ensino de Ciências e a perspectiva da Alfabetização Científica e Tecnológica. Considerando o quadro teórico estabelecido, a pesquisa de campo desenvolveu-se em duas etapas: primeiramente aplicaram-se atividades de familiarização com mapas conceituais, de modo que ao longo de 10 horas/aula os alunos pudessem conhecer os elementos constitutivos desse recurso representacional. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa elaborou-se um roteiro de atividades didático-pedagógicas, em torno do tema gerador Energia. Nessa etapa aplicou-se uma sequência de atividades pedagógicas sobre a temática, e durante o processo de ensino aprendizagem, sistematizou-se e registraram-se o percurso de aprendizagem por meio da construção de mapas conceituais. Os mapas conceituais elaborados pelos alunos durante a aplicação da segunda etapa de pesquisa compuseram a análise da aprendizagem à luz das ideias de Novak. Com base na interpretação dos dados, identificou-se a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa em relação aos conceitos científicos estudados, com ampliação do conhecimento e sua relação com a sociedade, aspectos evidenciados na alfabetização científica. Deste modo, foi possível inferir que para o contexto estudado os mapas conceituais foram um recurso potencialmente facilitador da aprendizagem significativa, dada à sua característica de representatividade da estrutura cognitiva dos alunos durante o processo de aprendizagem. Como produto educacional oriundo deste estudo, apresenta-se como material complementar um caderno de estratégias pedagógicas para professores, resultado das análises e registros do percurso de ensinoaprendizagem vivenciados nessa pesquisa.
This current study aimed to analyze the contributions of the use of concept maps as a potential tool for the Meaningful Learning in science teaching, for the initial years of elementary school, specifically in a class of 5th grade in a municipal school of the city of Ponta Grossa, in Paraná state. To achieve the aim, was developed a qualitative research of investigative nature with 30 students from the initial years of elementary school, in the beginning of 2016, totalizing 30 hours / class. For this, was offered an approach on conceptual maps and was applied pedagogical activities with focus on the theme Energy, in order to analyze the learning course. As theoretical contribution for the research, David Ausubel and Joseph Novak were studied on Theory of Meaningful Learning and Conceptual Maps, as well as researchers related to Science Teaching and a perspective of Scientific and Technological Literacy. Whereas the established theoretical framework, a field research was developed in two phases: first, it was applied familiarization activities with conceptual maps in 10 hours / class, where the students could know the constituent elements of representational resource. In the second stage of the research, was elaborated a script of didactic-pedagogical activities, on the generator theme Energy. In this stage, was offered an instructional approach of the theme during the teaching-learning process. The learning was systematized and registered through the construction of conceptual maps. The conceptual maps were elaborated by the students during an application of the second stage of the research composed the analysis of learning in the light of Novak's ideas. Based on the interpretation of the data, it was identified the occurrence of meaningful learning of the concepts scientific studied, with an increase in the understanding and knowledge and its relationship with the society, evidenced in scientific literacy. Thus, was possible to infer that, for the context studied, conceptual maps were a potential facilitator of meaningful learning, given its characteristic of representing the cognitive structure of the students during the learning process. As an educational product from this study, it was presented in a pedagogy strategic notebook for teachers, results of the analysis and process of teaching-learning in this research.
Bochner, Gregory. "Naming and contingency : towards an internalist theory of direct reference." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209797.
Full textNevertheless, despite its current fame, this theory must face two major difficulties, familiar since Frege and Russell: the Co-Reference and the No-Reference Problems. The traditional response to these problems consisted precisely in abandoning Referentialism in favour of a version of Descriptivism according to which the semantic content of a proper name would be, not its referent, but a descriptive condition (Chapter 2).
However, it is also this traditional version of Descriptivism that the arguments offered by the pioneers of modern Referentialism—including Kripke, Putnam, and Kaplan—have largely discredited (Chapter 3).
The theoretical tools developed within the framework of possible worlds semantics enable to restate the problems generated by Referentialism in terms of the opacity of linguistic intensions and Modal Illusions (Chapter 4).
At this stage, our semantic theory of names seems to have reached a dead end: on the one hand, modern Referentialism recreates the problems which classical Descriptivism was meant to solve, but, on the other hand, this kind of Descriptivism appears to be refuted by the argumentation of new Referentialists. A common reaction, then, has been to devise more complex semantic theories purporting to combine Referentialism with crucial features from Descriptivism. However, a careful examination reveals that the various versions of this strategy fail (Chapter 5).
Another type of reaction, also ecumenical, has been to draw a distinction between two kinds of contents which would be associated with names and the sentences in which these occur: while the first kind of content would be descriptive, the second would be referential. The Two-Dimensionalist framework has received several interpretations (pragmatic, semantic, metasemantic); but a new construal, metasyntactic, is defended in this work (Chapter 6).
The metasyntactic interpretation of Two-Dimensionalism allows for a radical gap between language and thought: while the thoughts of their users can remain descriptive, names are supposed to achieve direct reference by themselves, and independently of the mental states of their users. Hence, names must be regarded as objects living in the external world, on a par with other ordinary objects like trees or chairs, and not as mental objects. An Externalist metaphysics of names is then submitted, as well as a corresponding epistemology, according to which external names are described in the mind through a description of their reference (Chapter 7).
The general strategy pursued in this work amounts to combining a Theory of Direct Reference in language with a Descriptivist (hence, Internalist) account of thought. Also, certain influential arguments — notably devised by Burge — intended to support Mental Referentialism (hence, Externalism) beyond Linguistic Referentialism, are rejected; it is moreover argued that a Non-Descriptivist conception of the mental is incapable of securing the introspective transparency of thoughts, which, however, seems indispensable, among other things in order to solve and even pose the Co-Reference and the No-Reference Problems (Chapter 8).
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Ce travail est un essai sur la référence des noms dans le langage et la pensée. Selon la Théorie de la Référence Directe, aujourd'hui dominante en philosophie du langage, le contenu sémantique d'un nom propre est directement son référent (Chapitre 1).
Or, malgré son succès récent, cette théorie Référentialiste se heurte à deux obstacles majeurs, reconnus depuis Frege et Russell : les Problèmes de la Co-référence et de la Non-Référence. La réponse traditionnelle à ces problèmes consistait précisément à abandonner la conception Référentialiste en faveur d'un Descriptivisme selon lequel le contenu sémantique d'un nom propre serait, non pas son référent, mais une condition descriptive (Chapitre 2).
Toutefois, c'est aussi ce Descriptivisme traditionnel que les arguments formulés par les hérauts du Référentialisme moderne—dont Kripke, Putnam, et Kaplan—ont largement discrédité (Chapitre 3).
Les outils théoriques développés dans le cadre de la sémantique des mondes possibles permettent de reformuler les problèmes générés par le Référentialisme en termes d'opacité des intensions linguistiques et d'Illusions Modales (Chapitre 4).
A ce stade, la théorie sémantique des noms semble dans une impasse : d'une part, le Référentialisme moderne recrée des problèmes que le Descriptivisme classique devait résoudre, mais d'autre part, ce Descriptivisme paraît bel et bien réfuté par l'argumentation des Référentialistes. Aussi, une réaction commune a été de chercher à concilier le Référentialisme et une forme de Descriptivisme au sein d'une même théorie sémantique. Cependant, un examen approfondi révèle que les différentes versions de cette stratégie échouent (Chapitre 5).
Une autre réaction, elle aussi œcuménique, a été d'opérér une distinction entre deux types de contenus qui seraient associés avec les noms et les phrases dans lesquels ceux-ci figurent : le premier contenu serait descriptif, tandis que le second serait référentiel. Le cadre offert par un tel Bi-Dimensionnalisme a reçu plusieurs interprétations très différentes (pragmatique, sémantique, métasémantique) ; mais c'est une nouvelle version, métasyntaxique, qui est défendue dans ce travail (Chapitre 6).
Le Bi-Dimensionalisme métasyntaxique autorise une séparation radicale entre langage et pensée : tandis que les pensées de leurs utilisateurs peuvent rester descriptives, les noms sont censés référer directement par eux-mêmes, indépendamment des états mentaux de leurs utilisateurs. Dès lors, les noms doivent être considérés comme des objets appartenant au monde extérieur, au même titre que des objets ordinaires tels que les arbres ou les chaises, et non comme des objets mentaux. Une métaphysique externaliste des noms est proposée, ainsi qu'une épistémologie assortie, selon laquelle les noms externes sont décrits dans l'esprit à travers une description de leur référence (Chapitre 7).
La stratégie générale qui est défendue dans ce travail revient à combiner une Théorie de la Référence Directe dans le langage avec une conception Descriptiviste (et donc, Internaliste) de la pensée. Aussi, certains arguments influents — émis par notamment Burge — censés établir un Référentialisme non seulement linguistique mais aussi mental (et donc, un Externalisme) sont rejetés ; il est en outre défendu qu'une vision Non-Descriptiviste du mental apparaît incapable de garantir la transparence introspective des pensées, cependant indispensable, notamment pour résoudre et même poser les Problèmes de Co-Référence et de Non-Référence (Chapitre 8).
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rix-Lièvre, Géraldine. "Les actes de jugement de l'arbitre." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20041.
Full textRodrigues, Luciane [UNESP]. "Cognição e ação significativa: contribuições do realismo pragmaticista para a epistemologia contemporânea." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91752.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho, procuramos explicitar aspectos do conceito contemporâneo de cognição, fundamentando nossa análise no Realismo Pragmaticista. De acordo com esta perspectiva, a cognição segue o princípio da ação que se configura em duas dimensões: uma ontológico, que caracteriza a ação como hábito, e outro epistemológico, que caracteriza a ação como Semiose. No contexto geral das discussões sobre o conceito de cognição, a definição que mais se difundiu trata a cognição como representação simbólica. A abordagem Representacionista, como é tradicionalmente conhecida, considera que o sujeito abstrai o mundo, formando representações internas, ontologicamente distintas do objeto representado. Em contraste, a capacidade cognitiva do sujeito é vista na concepção pragmaticista como ação significativa, que está necessariamente ligada a sua Realidade Histórica. O conceito-chave desta perspectiva é o de Signo que delimita a forma com que o sujeito pensa seu mundo, através de sua interação com uma história pessoal, formada ao longo do tempo. Em nossa abordagem, símbolos são tipos específicos de processos de significação; sendo que sua caracterização depende do conceito de Signo, mais geral e, por hipótese, mais adequado para o entendimento da noção de cognição. Nesta perspectiva, o sujeito clássico é substituído pelo que chamamos de sujeito semiótico. O sujeito semiótico organiza aspectos de sua realidade histórica através da ação significativa, que somente se torna possível dentro de seu universo semiótico; a realidade histórica do sujeito é, por hipótese, constituída de signos que estão diretamente relacionados com seu universo específico. Para entender a formação da realidade histórica que possibilita a ação significativa do sujeito, aspectos inatos e adquiridos de sua história são considerados. Em nossa abordagem, esses aspectos...
In this work, we elucidate aspects of the contemporary concept of cognition, basing our analysis in the Pragmaticist Realism. According to this perspective, cognition follows a principle of action that is configured in two levels: one ontological that characterizes action as habit, and another one epistemological that characterizes action as Semiosis. In the general context of the discussions on the concept of cognition, the definition that most has been diffused treats cognition as symbolic representation. The Representationalist approach, as it is traditionally known, considers that subjects abstract the world, forming internal representations that are ontologic distinct of the represented object. In contrast, in the present dissertation, the capacity of cognitive organisms is seen as their meaningful action that is necessarily linked with their Historical Reality. The key-concept of our perspective is the Sign that delineates the form subjects think their world, through their interaction with a personal history, formed during their trajectories in time. In our perspective, symbols are specific types of meaningful processes; being their characterization dependent of the concept of Sign. We argue that signs been more general than symbols are more adequate for the explanation of the notion of cognition. In this point of view, the classical cognitive subject is replaced by the semiotic subject, who organizes his historical reality through meaningful actions, which is only possible inside a semiotic universe. The historical realities of semiotic subjects are, by hypothesis, constituted of signs that are directly related with their specific universe. In order to understand the formation of historical reality that makes possible meaningful actions, innate and acquired aspects of their history are considered. In our view, these aspects are treated from the intricate relation between the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Denizart, Jean-Michel. "L'émergence des significations chez le monteur son, au cours de la recherche et de la sélection des sons : une approche communicationnelle et cognitive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0303.
Full textSeveral years ago, the SATIS department of the University of Aix-Marseille and the ASTRAM laboratory initiated the development of an online sound library entitled "Sons du Sud". This sound database is intended for sound professionals and more specifically, sound editors, in the film and audiovisual sectors. The current objective is to develop a new indexing method of sound for Sons du Sud breaking with the logic of causal indexation most widely used. Indeed, it appears that, from the perspective of a filmic exploitation, a sound is rarely selected based on criteria exclusively related to its acoustic origin but also related to the potential meanings it is able to take on with the other materials of filmic expression, the functions it is likely to fulfill, the links it maintains with what the film expresses, and so on. We can then ask ourselves if it is not rather this "information potential" which the semantic descriptors used by the current sound libraries should try to make explicit. Therefore, this thesis is a preliminary step in the development of a new indexing method: in order to meet the requirements of Sons du Sud sound library, it seems essential to devote ourselves entirely to a better understanding of the contributing factors that change the "system of relevance" of its main users, to examine further what guides their approach, polarizes their listening and influences their searches and selections
Rodrigues, Luciane. "Cognição e ação significativa : contribuições do realismo pragmaticista para a epistemologia contemporânea /." Marília : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91752.
Full textAbstract: In this work, we elucidate aspects of the contemporary concept of cognition, basing our analysis in the Pragmaticist Realism. According to this perspective, cognition follows a principle of action that is configured in two levels: one ontological that characterizes action as habit, and another one epistemological that characterizes action as Semiosis. In the general context of the discussions on the concept of cognition, the definition that most has been diffused treats cognition as symbolic representation. The Representationalist approach, as it is traditionally known, considers that subjects abstract the world, forming internal representations that are ontologic distinct of the represented object. In contrast, in the present dissertation, the capacity of cognitive organisms is seen as their meaningful action that is necessarily linked with their Historical Reality. The key-concept of our perspective is the Sign that delineates the form subjects think their world, through their interaction with a personal history, formed during their trajectories in time. In our perspective, symbols are specific types of meaningful processes; being their characterization dependent of the concept of Sign. We argue that signs been more general than symbols are more adequate for the explanation of the notion of cognition. In this point of view, the classical cognitive subject is replaced by the semiotic subject, who organizes his historical reality through meaningful actions, which is only possible inside a semiotic universe. The historical realities of semiotic subjects are, by hypothesis, constituted of signs that are directly related with their specific universe. In order to understand the formation of historical reality that makes possible meaningful actions, innate and acquired aspects of their history are considered. In our view, these aspects are treated from the intricate relation between the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Willem Ferdinand Gerardus Haselager
Coorientador: Maria Eunice Quilici Gonzalez
Banca: Renato Kipnis
Banca: Lauro F. B. da Silveira
Mestre
Marcy, Thomas Tiercelin Claudine. "Les tentatives contemporaines de sémantique naturaliste et l'héritage peircien." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0494628.pdf.
Full textSteiner, Pierre. "De l'externalisme de la signification à l'externalisation de la pensée : usages contemporains du pragmatisme en philosophie de l'esprit et en philosophie des sciences cognitives." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX1A089.
Full textGimenes, Guillaume. "Traitement des gestes sans signification en mémoire de travail : Structure, stratégies et optimalisation." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2017.
Full textThe objective of this work is to improve knowledge on the treatment of meaningless gestures in working memory. This research is based on five studies divided into three phases: the characterization of the structure dedicated to these stimuli; strategies used spontaneously; and optimization of performance due to induced strategies. Our first two studies show that meaningless gestures are processed by a dedicated working memory component. This component operates like the phonological loop of Baddeley, Allen and Hitch (2011) whilst being distinct from it. The next two studies highlight spontaneous verbalization, which is used in metacognitive judgments of performances, yet without improving the latter. When participants are watching gestures, both verbal and motor encoding could operate at the same time, though without combination of memory traces. The last study shows that the recall of gestures is facilitated by the use of an induced verbal strategy. However, performance is not improved by a gestural strategy. By consequence, a combination of the different memory traces is possible when words match gestures. The discussion of the thesis is structured around an update of Baddeley’s model (Baddeley et al., 2011) by adding a new component called the "motoric loop". As the gestures seem to be particularly prone to context, we are also opening the framework of this research on theories of embodied cognition (Wilson, 2002) and grounded cognition (Barsalou, 2008), as well as the embedded processes model of working memory (Cowan, 2001)
Testoni, Elaine Alves. "A tessitura dialógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em educação à distância : constituição significativa na apreensão dos sentidos cognitivos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017.
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o emprego e as contribuições do dialogismo para a obtenção de resultados significativos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em um curso a distância. Para tanto, serão utilizadas metodologias que amparem a produção de material didático cujo aporte se embasa em aspectos dialógicos de modo a oferecer subsídios relevantes à construção de significados e à apreensão de sentidos cognitivos em ambiente educacional. As investigações teóricas encontram suporte, dentre outras possibilidades, nos estudos fundamentados em Bakhtin (2002, 2009, 2010, 2011), Vigotski (1998, 2001), Freire (1977, 1987, 1996), Engeström (1999), Heemann (2011), Dotta (2009), Moore e Kearsley (2007), Litto e Formiga (2009, 2012), Tori (2010), Preti (2009, 2010) e Aretio (2001). A sistematização dessa análise apoia-se em cinco vertentes. A primeira alude à teorização de conceitos dialógicos na qual transitamos por noções correspondentes à polifonia e ao plurilinguismo resvalando variadas esferas da linguagem bakhtiniana. A segunda remete a concepções sobre a Educação a Distância enleadas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A terceira abrange a pesquisa sobre o estado da arte voltada à produção de material didático-dialógico para cursos a distância. A quarta corresponde à metodologia e a quinta diz respeito à averiguação dos dados provenientes das interações entre os sujeitos envolvidos na oferta do curso e da multiplicação dos saberes adquiridos. Os resultados esperados englobam o predomínio do discurso dialógico no fazer educativo, reduzindo-se a ocorrência da transmissão de conteúdos. Dessa forma, ampliam-se as possibilidades de tornar significativa a compreensão didática e de promover a valorização do conhecimento construído.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the employment and contributions of dialogism to obtain significant results in the process of teaching and learning in a distance course. Therefore, methodologies will be used to support the production of teaching materials whose contribution was grounded in dialogic aspects, in order to offer relevant benefits to the construction of meaning and the capture of cognitive senses in educational environment. The theoretical investigations are supported, among other possibilities, in the studies based on Bakhtin (2002, 2009, 2010, 2011), Vigotski (1998, 2001), Freire (1977, 1987, 1996) Engeström (1999), Heemann (2011), Dotta (2009, 2014), Moore and Kearsley (2007), Litto and Formiga (2009, 2012), Tori (2010), Preti (2009, 2010) and Aretio (2001). The systematization of this analysis is based on five strands. The first one refers to the dialogical theory concepts in which we transit by corresponding notions polyphony and plurilinguism, sliding various spheres of Bakhtinian language. The second refers to the concepts about Distance Learning that are related to the teaching and learning process. The third covers state-of-the-art research focusing in the production of didactic-dialogic material for distance learning courses. The fourth corresponds to the methodology and the fifth concerns to the investigation of data from the interactions between the involved subjects in the supplying of course and multiplication of acquired knowledge. The expected results include the preponderance of dialogical discourse in making educational, reducing the occurrence of content delivery. Thus, are extended the possibilities of making significant didactic understanding and to promote the enhancement of the built knowledge.
Ferreira, Ruy. "Interatividade educativa : uma visão pedagogica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251765.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A tese trata do conceito de Interatividade Educativa sob a fundamentação dada na intersecção do conceito de facilitação pedagógica da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel e interação/mediação proposta por Lev Vygotski, em sua Teoria Sócio-Histórica. A pesquisa, realizada numa abordagem sistêmico-relacional, tratou da influência do conceito de Interatividade Educativa quando do planejamento, elaboração e emprego de conteúdos educativos em meios digitais de ensino e aprendizagem. Como objetivo principal buscou-se definir interatividade educativa quando a oferta de conteúdos curriculares se der em mídia digital e submeter o modelo a uma ação pedagógica intentando validá-lo. Tem como objetivos intermediários: 1) Analisar a literatura sobre interatividade, nos campos da Computação, Comunicação e Pedagogia; 2) Definir conceitualmente interatividade educativa na ação pedagógica realizada em meio digital; 3) Refletir sobre o emprego de meios digitais e sobre o papel do professor a partir da concepção de interatividade educativa; 4) Confrontar o modelo proposto com a realidade escolar buscando pontos fortes e fracos capazes de validá-lo ou não. Os métodos utilizados foram a pesquisa teórica de cunho bibliográfico, por meio de um exaustivo processo de análise, reflexão, crítica e síntese, associado a uma pesquisa-ação que aplica a definição proposta em uma situação pedagógica. Os resultados obtidos até o momento, por meio da análise da matriz SWOT realizada pelos participantes da pesquisa-ação, determinam qualitativamente a validade do modelo ao indicar pontos fortes coincidentes com sua finalidade, destacando entre outros: Capacidade pedagógica; Processo avaliativo; e Adequação ao dispositivo pedagógico de formação.
Abstract: The thesis aims to define Educational Interactivity, based on the concepts of instructional strategies from David Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning and interaction/mediation proposed by Lev Vygotski's Sociohistorical Theory. The research, developed according to the systemic-relational approach, investigates the influence of Educational Interactivity concept on planning, elaboration and use of educational contents in digital media to be used in teaching and learning contexts. The main objective is to establish a formal model for the Educational Interactivity concept in the context of elaboration of didactic contents to be used with digital media and to validate this model in a pedagogical activity. The intermediary objectives are to 1) study the literature related to interactivity, in the areas of computing, communication and pedagogy; 2) define Educational Interactivity conceptually related to pedagogical activity developed through digital media; 3) Reflect on the use of digital media and on the teacher's role related to the Educational Interactivity concept; 4) Confront the proposed model with the school reality, looking for strong and weak points in order to be able to validate this model. The methods used were bibliographical research, through an extensive process of analysis, reflection, criticism and synthesis, and an action-research approach applying the proposed model in a practical pedagogical situation. The results obtained by means of the SWOT analysis, conducted by the participants of the action-research, show the qualitative validity of the model highlighting aspects such as Pedagogical Capacity, Evaluation Process and Pedagogical Suitability related to the model purpose.
Doutorado
Ensino e Práticas Culturais
Doutor em Educação
Angé, Caroline. "La question du sens : écrire et lire le fragment : du texte à l'hypertexte." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131027.
Full textThe present thesis falls into the domain of communication sciences. Its object is to explore the process at work in the construction of meaning, considering that it depends on a specifc information and communication pattern. Our analysis is based on a traditional –i. E. Written- form of communication, as it appears both in linear text and hypertext. We explore this process in its textual dimension, exemplified in a specific type of text : the fragment. We propose a threefold approach combining text, author and reader. The identification of this form in scrren texts is the basis of a critical reflexion on the digital environment and leads to further investigation of the act of reading
Leite, Rosemeire Moreira. "A leitura significativa do texto escrito: recursos léxico-gramaticais no espaço do ensino-aprendizagem da educação formal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14344.
Full textThis dissertation was written by following reading, writing and teaching research of Portuguese language, belonging to the postgraduate Studies program in Portuguese Language from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and discusses the processes of construction of senses, developed through the reading of written text. Based on the principles and assumptions of Linguistic Education, as well as the Textual Linguistics of interacting strand partner, this research has as main objective the reflection on theories and practices for training proficient readers, capable of assigning senses to written texts, by means of dialogue and interaction with them. Although the reading is themed in many academic research of significant prestige, there is still much to be achieved in the teaching-learning practices of this theme in formal school. Thus, the motivation of this work associates to lousy results revealed by national and international assessments focused on characterization of regular school formed by contemporary readers. To this end, studies will be organized, initially by a literature search of historiographical character, in order to situate historically formal education with regard to the teaching of reading text written in their origins and, subsequently, by the presentation of methods and conceptions of reading and its meaningful learning, culminating in a proposal of didactic sequence guided by principles of Linguistic Education that guide this dissertation
Esta Dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa Leitura, Escrita e Ensino da Língua Portuguesa, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo e tematiza os processos de construção de sentidos, desenvolvidos por meio da leitura significativa do texto escrito. Fundamentada pelos princípios e pressupostos da Educação Linguística, bem como da Linguística Textual de vertente sócio interacionista, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo principal a reflexão sobre teorias e práticas para a formação leitores proficientes, capazes de atribuir sentidos aos textos escritos, por meio do diálogo e da interação com os mesmos. Embora a leitura seja tematizada em muitas pesquisas acadêmicas de significativo prestígio, ainda há muito a ser conquistado nas práticas de ensino-aprendizagem desse tema na escola formal. Sendo assim, a motivação desse trabalho associa-se aos péssimos resultados revelados por avaliações nacionais e internacionais voltadas à caracterização dos leitores formados pela escola regular contemporânea. Para tal, os estudos serão organizados, inicialmente, por uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter historiográfico, com intuito de situar historicamente a educação formal no que se refere ao ensino da leitura do texto escrito desde sua origem e, posteriormente, pela apresentação de métodos e concepções de leitura e de sua aprendizagem significativa, culminando em uma proposta de sequência didática orientada pelos princípios da Educação Linguística que norteiam essa dissertação
Crochet, Patrícia Martins Neves. "O papel do estereótipo na constituição do gênero piada: uma abordagem sociocognitiva." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3439.
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Nosso estudo debruça-se sobre o processo de significação lingüística, pensado a partir da negação da Hipótese Forte da Composicionalidade e da afirmação da natureza dinâmica, projetiva e multidirecional dos modos sociocognitivos de significar. Mais precisamente, nossa agenda de trabalho objetiva descrever os processos metonímicos de constituição dos estereótipos sociais, focalizados como personagens no gênero textual ‘piada’ e verificar em que medida tais construções instituem um padrão prototípico na estrutura composicional desse gênero. Assumimos a perspectiva da Lingüística Cognitiva, nos termos de Lakoff, Johnson, Fauconnier, Turner (cf cap 2), que, conferindo um estatuto sociocognitivo aos estereótipos, os toma como modelos metonímicos, nos quais uma subcategoria tem um status reconhecido social e culturalmente como padrão para a categoria como um todo. Tendo recolhido um corpus significativo de piadas, encontramos tais personagens configurados como frames conceptuais entrincheirados e, valendo-nos da Teoria da Integração Conceptual, ou Mesclagem, verificamos o seu papel no processo de significação das piadas. Para tanto, retomamos os construtos teóricos do programa sociocognitivista quais sejam, os processos de conceptualização e categorização; a questão do poder projetivo da mente humana e da linguagem, referenciados a partir da Teoria Conceptual da Metáfora e, em especial, da Metonímia; a questão das Redes de Integração Conceptual ou Mesclagem, como fundamentação teórica para nossas hipóteses. Tomamos ainda, como recurso analítico, o Modelo Baseado no Uso, que visa à análise da freqüência de tipos que comparecem nas piadas e da freqüência de uso dos mesmos, relacionando tais dados, respectivamente, com a força de convencionalização e com a produtividade de cada construção estereotipada. O resultado de nossas análises representa uma evidência em favor das teses sociocognitivas da linguagem no que respeita ao princípio da relevância de toda forma de experiência humana (física, social, cultural, interacional) na constituição do pensamento e da linguagem.
Our study lies over the process o linguistic signification, thinking it on base of the negation o the Hypothesis of the Strong Compositionality and the affirmation of the dynamic projective and multidirectional nature of o socio-cognitive ways of signification. More precisely, our work agenda objectives to describe the metonymic processes of constitution of social stereotypes, focused as characters on the textual gender “joke” an verify in which measure those constructions institute a prototype pattern on the compositional structure of that gender. We assume the perspective of the Cognitive Linguistic, on the terms of Lakoff, Johnson, Faucconier, Turner (cf cap 2), that, giving a cognitive status to the stereotypes, take them as metonymic models, on which a subcategory has a status social and culturally recognized as a pattern for the category as a hole. Having collected a significant corpus of jokes, we found those characters configured as entrench conceptual frames and, making use of the theory of the conceptual Integration, or Blending, we verified its role on the process of joke signification. For that, we retake the theoretical constructs of the socio-cognitive program which are, the processes of conceptualization an categorization, the projective power of the human mind and pf the language, referenced from the Conceptual Theory of the Metaphor and, in special, of Metonymy, and the Conceptual Integration Networks or Blending, as theorist foundation for our hypotheses. Still taking, as analytic resource, the Model Based on Use, that aims the analyses of the frequency of types that appear on jokes an the frequency of use of them, relating those data, respectively, with the strength of conventionalization and productivity of each stereotyped construction. The results of our analyses represents an evidence favoring the socio-cognitive theses of language on the concern to the principle of relevance of all kind of human experience (physical, social, cultural, international) on the constitution of thinking and language.
Gómez, Gabriela. "Intervención cognitiva en la enseñanza de la física y la matemática para estudiantes de los primeros ciclos." En Blanco y Negro, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117191.
Full textAparicio, Gómez Óscar Yecid. "Las TIC como herramienta cognitiva para la investigación escolar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369830.
Full textThis dissertation is the result of a research project that includes a new school that aims to incorporate into daily practices the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a cognitive tool for research. Its development is divided into three parts: Theoretical Framework, Methodological Framework and Conclusions. The first part, developed in chapters 1 to 4, focus on the construction of knowledge from the constructivist and constructionist perspective, through representative authors. The second part, developed in chapters 5 to 8, presents the methodological framework. The research aims to describe and analyze the uses of ICT in the Father Manyanet School -Chia, by understanding the perception of students and teachers. Chapter 5 develops the presentation of the research, the objectives proposed along the following chapters, its context and the legal framework in which the whole process moves forward. It also describes the methodological design, the population to which it is addressed and the selection of the participant sample. In Chapter 6, the first phase of the research process is developed in order to describe and analyze the uses of ICT, and the perception of students and teachers. Chapter 7, which corresponds to the second phase of the research project, aims to describe and analyze the process of introduction of research as an educational hub. In Chapter 8, which corresponds to the third phase of the research project, it is to analyze and understand the use of ICT as a cognitive tool for school research. Finally, conclusions, limitations and prospective of this thesis are presented. In the prospective, it is proposed to seek ways to promote the use of ICT as a cognitive tool for school research through projects that make building oriented to innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship at all social levels. It has been prepared a second volume of this thesis, in which are presented as annexes, the five instruments used during the phases of this investigation.
Amaral, Marco Antônio Franco do. "Mapas conceituais: tecnologia cognitiva para entendimento textual na educação de jovens e adultos." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17473.
Full textEsta pesquisa exploratória e experimental realizada na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, em turmas do Ensino Fundamental I na disciplina Língua Portuguesa, pretende contribuir para um estudo a fim da verificação da utilização dos Mapas Conceituais como uma Tecnologia Cognitiva para o entendimento textual na EJA. Para tal, foi realizada uma observação das características pedagógicas implementadas no contexto de estudo e, posteriormente, foram aplicadas em 28 aulas, divididas em 7 unidades de estudo, para dois grupos de 15 alunos classificados como Grupos Controle e Experimental. Para o primeiro grupo, foram ministradas as aulas conforme o modelo comumente verificado nas observações iniciais. Para o Grupo Experimental, foi desenvolvida uma proposta metodológica envolvendo a criação de Mapas Conceituais durante as unidades de estudo. A metodologia de ensino tem como fundamentação teórica os estudos sobre a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, Mapas Conceituais, Coerência Textual e Análise Textual Discursiva. Como instrumentos de análise de dados da evolução na construção dos Mapas Conceituais e entendimento textual, foram utilizados o Teste t de Student, a Análise Textual Discursiva proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi e o Wordle. A análise das avaliações de entendimento textual e Mapas Conceituais produzidos demonstraram que o Grupo Experimental obteve um aumento de 30% no arcabouço conceitual com um favorecimento na aprendizagem significativa proposicional quando comparado ao Grupo Controle. Este grupo também se mostrou mais capaz na transformação do conhecimento declarativo em procedimental. O Mapa Conceitual se revelou, portanto, como uma Tecnologia Cognitiva eficaz para o aumento no entendimento textual no contexto da pesquisa.
Mestre em Tecnologias, Comunicação e Educação
Praça, Otávio Batista Pereira. "Aperfeiçoamento e aplicação de unidades de ensino potencialmente significativas com foco em grandezas físicas, unidades de medidas e suas relações." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5954.
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A proposta deste trabalho é implementar uma metodologia que permita ao aluno vislumbrar uma física que se faça presente em seu dia a dia. Tal metodologia intitulada de Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas (UEPS), tem embasamento nas teorias de aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e de desenvolvimento cognitivo de Jean Piaget. Os aspectos sequenciais para desenvolvimento, aplicação e análise de resultados estão descritos ao longo de todo o trabalho. A UEPS aqui proposta tem como foco de ensino, grandezas físicas, unidades de medidas e suas relações e é dividida em 5 aulas descritas, aplicadas e analisadas para efeito de constatação de efetividade do método. Essa UEPS conta ainda com um aperfeiçoamento visando aumentar a capacidade de concentração, raciocínio lógico e consequentemente desenvolvimento cognitivo através dos módulos de aquecimento lógico. Através dessa metodologia foi possível permitir e constatar um aprendizado em nível bem considerável sobre o processo histórico, aplicação no dia a dia e apresentação de soluções para situações problemas referentes ao tema abordado. Todo o material utilizado se encontra de forma bem detalhada no apêndice A, com textos voltado ao professor e no apêndice B de forma pronta para aplicação em sala de aula. Juntos os apêndices A e B compõe o Produto Educacional ao qual se propõe esse trabalho e tem por finalidade auxiliar na aplicação e no desenvolvimento de novas UEPS no intuito de proporcionar um ensino de Física mais interessante, prazeroso e eficaz.
The proposal of this work is to implement a methodology that allows the student to glimpse a physics that will be present in their daily life. This methodology, entitled Potentially Significant Teaching Units (PSTU), is based on David Ausubel's significant learning theories and Jean Piaget's cognitive development. The sequential aspects for development, application and analysis of results are described throughout the work. The PSTU presented is focused on teaching, physical quantities, units of measures and their relationships and is divided into 5 classes described, applied and analyzed for effectiveness of the method. This PSTU also has an improvement in order to increase the capacity of concentration, logical reasoning and consequently cognitive development through the logical heating modules. Through this methodology it was possible to allow and verify a considerable learning about the historical process, application in the day to day and presentation of solutions to problems situations related to the topic subject. All the material used is detailed in Appendix A, with texts aimed at the teacher and in Appendix B, ready for application in the classroom. Together Appendices A and B compose the Educational Product to which this work is proposed and is intended in the implementation and development of new PSTU in order to provide a more interesting, pleasurable and effective Physics teaching.
Rocha, Mirley NÃdila Pimentel. "FormaÃÃo de professores numa perspectiva ausubeliana e da SequÃncia Fedathi: contribuiÃÃes da disciplina de estÃgio para a prÃtica de alunos do curso de pedagogia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14059.
Full textO Brasil enfrenta vÃrios problemas relacionados à educaÃÃo, de acordo com o Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) - Programa Internacional de AvaliaÃÃo de Estudantes, nosso paÃs apresenta dÃficit nas Ãreas de Leitura, MatemÃtica e CiÃncia. O PISA à uma iniciativa internacional que avalia estudantes na faixa dos 15 anos de idade, que equivale ao perÃodo aproximado em que os estudantes concluem a escolaridade bÃsica na maioria dos paÃses. Em 2009, o Brasil conquistou a posiÃÃo de 57 (quinquagÃsimo sÃtimo) lugar em 65 (sessenta e cinco) naÃÃes avaliadas. Sabemos que diversos fatores econÃmicos, sociais e culturais influenciam o fracasso escolar constatado na avaliaÃÃo do PISA, desse modo percebemos a importÃncia em realizar pesquisas, mais diretamente no Ãmbito educacional, com relaÃÃo à formaÃÃo e à aÃÃo docente em prol da aprendizagem discente, em busca de uma compreensÃo desse processo educativo, que se encontra prejudicado, no que se refere à aprendizagem. Para tanto, fizemos uma investigaÃÃo qualitativa, descritiva, exploratÃria, com caracterÃsticas de pesquisa de campo(GIL, 2008) no curso de pedagogia noturno, na Faculdade de EducaÃÃo (FACED), na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), em busca de verificar a formaÃÃo docente que acontece na disciplina de EstÃgio no Ensino Fundamental II, na relaÃÃo da fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica com a prÃtica em sala de aula, com o objetivo de investigar as contribuiÃÃes da SequÃncia Fedathi, na aÃÃo docente em estÃgio curricular, do aluno do curso de pedagogia, apÃs cursar a disciplina de EstÃgio no Ensino Fundamental II. Para uma fundamentaÃÃo dos objetivos da presente pesquisa, julgamos necessÃrio um aporte teÃrico voltado para formaÃÃo e prÃtica docente, analisando as contribuiÃÃes de Tardif (2002) e Perrenoud (2002), bem como a integraÃÃo de tecnologias digitais junto ao processo educativo, com enfoque na mediaÃÃo pedagÃgica para utilizÃ-las na perspectiva de Valente e Bustamante (2009), a fim de favorecer a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem, articulando-se à SequÃncia Fedathi, de Borges Neto (2013) e a aprendizagem significativa, adotando a perspectiva construtivista de Ausubel et al. (1980), articulada ao uso de Mapas Conceituais de Novak (2010), Os dados da pesquisa indicaram como resultados apropriaÃÃo da fase Tomada de PosiÃÃo e Prova da SequÃncia Fedathi, com dÃficit na elaboraÃÃo de hipÃteses para as fases de MaturaÃÃo e SoluÃÃo, destacamos a necessidade de novos estudos atravÃs de mapas conceituais, que incorporem os pressupostos da Aprendizagem Significativa, para apropriaÃÃo dessa metodologia.
The Brazil faces several education-related problems, according to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), our country has a deficit in the areas of Reading, Mathematics and Science. PISA is an international initiative that evaluates the students in the range of 15 years, which is equivalent to the approximate period in which students completing primary education in most countries. In 2009, Brazil won the position of 57 (fifty-seventh) place in 65 (sixty-five) evaluated nations. We know that many economic, social and cultural factors influence school failure observed in the PISA assessment, thereby realize the importance in conducting surveys, most directly in the education sector, with respect to training and teaching activities in support of student learning, search an understanding of the educational process, which is a disadvantage in regard to learning. Therefore, we made a qualitative research, descriptive, exploratory, with field research characteristics (GIL, 2008) in the course of night pedagogy, the Faculty of Education (FACED), the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), seeking to check teacher training that takes place in the stage of discipline in Secondary School, in respect of the theoretical foundation with practice in the classroom, in order to investigate the contributions of Fedathi sequence, in teaching activities in curricular training, the course student pedagogy, after attend Internship discipline in Secondary School. For reasons of the goals of this research, we deem necessary a theoretical contribution aimed at training and teaching practice, analyzing the contributions of Tardif (2002) and Perrenoud (2002), and the integration of digital technologies in the educational process, with a focus on pedagogical mediation to use them in the perspective of Valente and Bustamante (2009), in order to promote the teaching-learning methodology, articulating the Sequence Fedathi, Borges Neto (2013), and meaningful learning, adopting a constructivist perspective Ausubel et al. (1980) articulated the use of concept maps Novak (2010), The survey data indicated as phase ownership results Position making and proof of Fedathi sequence, with a deficit in the development of hypotheses for the stages of maturation and solution, we highlight the need for further studies through conceptual maps, incorporating the assumptions of Meaningful Learning, for allocation of this methodology.
Hilger, Thaís Rafaela. "Representações sociais da física quântica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17743.
Full textA preliminary study regarding possible social representations of quantum physics among students from different social groups is described. Based on an initial survey on word associations to the expression "quantum physics" a questionnaire was constructed including a test of written concept associations (WCA) and a test of numerical concept association (NCA). This questionnaire was answered by 494 students, divided into three groups: physics undergraduate students, high school students, and undergraduate students from subjects other than physics. Data was analysed using the multidimensional scaling technique which provided spatial diagrams that reflect the conceptual structure shared by the investigated social groups. In the theoretical framework of the meaningful learning and social representations theories it was possible to gather evidences of the existence or not of social representations which may act as subsumers in the learning of physics together with other representations that constitute the mental representational ecology of the learners. Some of these representations might be an effect of information provided by books, movies and other media. This media disseminate information regarding scientific - or almost scientific concepts - and influence people's knowledge. Given that previous knowledge is the main variable influencing the acquisition of knew knowledge it is important to investigate the social representations resulting from this dissemination of information. Research findings suggest the existence of social representations about quantum physics shared by some of the subjects and groups studied. Specially in the case of high school students some evidence was obtained about the existence of social representations that should be more explored in future studies.
Raftopoulos, Christian. "Hydrocéphalie idiopathique à pression normale: analyse des ondes de pression intercrânienne permettant l'évaluation de l'amélioration clinique après dérivation ;définition de l'amélioration des fonctions cognitives et signification de l'augmentation de l'espace sous-dural en postopératoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212642.
Full textRavel, Sabrina. "Implication des neurones à activité tonique du stiatum dans les processus cognitifs et motivationnels : Etude électrophysiologique de l'influence de la prédiction temporelle et de la signification affective des stimuli chez le singe." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22004.
Full textFerreira, Andre Luis Andrejew. "Processos cognitivos na diferenciação e aplicabilidade dos conceitos de equação e função na físico-química." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/19031.
Full textThe present work has the objective of investigating the comprehension of the concepts of equation and function that will be applied in the Physics Chemistry subject I from the Chemistry Graduation Course at the UFPel. For that, Ausubel concept of meaningful learning, conceptual maps and the “V” epistemology were used as theoretical background. Besides, the mathematical concepts of equation and function applied to Chemistry were considered and also the analysis and the research of computational tools available on the internet and their characteristics related to the applicability in the teaching area. During the construction period of this research, some pre tests with the students were applied with the purpose of identifying the subsumers as well as the elaboration of the conceptual maps about the mathematical knowledge needed for the subject, mainly for the ideal gas equation. The results were analyzed and they allowed the development of a learning virtual object which privileges the use of mathematical equations and functions inside Chemistry The virtual object allows the student to get into the interaction process searching the development of his learning process as well as elements which promote the interdisciplinarity between Mathematics and Chemistry. Interdisciplinarity will privilege the applicability of mathematical concepts in the Ideal Gas Equation, mainly in the Physics Chemistry Subject I.
Calderon, Castillo Maritza Elizabeth. "Aplicación de estrategias metodológicas en el área de comunicación para promover aprendizajes con alta demanda cognitiva y significativos en los estudiantes del II ciclo del nivel inicial de la I.E. “513 Mallaritos”." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11214.
Full textTrabajo académico