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Miljkovic, Snezana, Dragoljub Djokic, Slavica Djukic-Dejanovic, Gordana Grbic, Dejan Mitrasinovic, Jelena Radosavljevic-Svetozarevic, Rade Prelevic, Zarko Krivokapic, and Aleksandar Visnjic. "Determinants of the most significant characteristics of reproductive health." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 11-12 (2010): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1012737m.
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Introduction. Reproductive health of women is determined by females? demographic and socio-economic characteristics, their behavior, and the complex of environmental factors. Objective. The paper examines the predictive impact of personal and environmental characteristics, health and healthcare characteristics regarding the most important aspects of reproductive health. Methods From a sample of 2,718 women, aged 20-49 years, we collected information on various characteristics using a structured questionnaire. Based on factorial analysis (principal components method, Kaisser Varimax criterion) we selected representative variables (factors), describing personal (demographic and socio-economic) characteristics of women, their environment (family, household, community), health (attitudes towards health, life-style, health status), healthcare (independent) and the characteristics of reproductive health (dependent variables). The predictors were analyzed by multiple regression and correlation. Results. Sexual behavior was determined by socio-economic status, personal tidiness, rest, presence of risk factor(s), health evaluation and attitude toward personal responsibility, trust in physicians etc. The predictors of contraception involved satisfaction with one?s own health, serious health problems, health evaluation. The presence and number of abortions were determined by personal psychological maturity, rest, risk factors, life-style, health evaluation and its manifestations, and the continuity and timely healthcare. The predictors of adequate protection of reproductive health involved the cultural level of the community, financial standing of the household, satisfaction with one?s own life, tidiness and rest, presence of risk factors, health evaluation, attitude towards personal responsibility, and trust in physicians. HIV control was determined by satisfaction with one?s own life, physical activity of women, presence of serious health problems, and the content of primary healthcare. Postpartal protection was determined by the cultural level of the community, reasons for dissatisfaction with one?s own life, presence of risk factors and deficiencies, and timely contraception. The predictors of reproductive period duration are availability of health care in a community and personal tidiness of women. Conclusion. The study confirmed predictive impact of most of the studied characteristics.
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Lebdaoui, Hind, and Joerg Wild. "Islamic banking presence and economic growth in Southeast Asia." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 9, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-03-2015-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between Islamic banking presence in Southeast Asian countries and the economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The presence of Islamic banks is measured by the ratio of Islamic to conventional banking assets as well as the ratio of deposits of Islamic to conventional banking. This study starts by checking the presence of cointegration using Pedroni’s and Westerlund’s specifications; short- and long-run dynamics are further analyzed with the panel autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL)-based estimators: pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE). Furthermore, a two-stage regression [two-stage least squares (2SLS)] was constructed to measure the sensitivity of economic growth to the Islamic banking presence. Quarterly data from Southeast Asian countries cover the period between 2000Q1 and 2012Q4. Findings A long-run relationship is evident between economic growth and the Islamic banking presence in the selected region, but not in the short run. Furthermore, the Muslim population share in a given country plays a positive and statistically significant role in fueling the contribution of Islamic banking share in the financial sector on the economic growth. Social implications The results of this study show that Sharia-compliant banks succeeded in mobilizing additional resources for the financial sector, which may increase the stability of the banking system and the efficiency of the whole banking sector. The authors believe that the inclusion of Islamic banking products in the financial systems will, along with the diversification effect, stimulate financial deepening and, therefore, improve the financial stability in the countries under investigation in particular, and all countries with significant Muslim population in general. Originality/value This study empirically assesses the contribution of Islamic banking presence on the economic growth with a focus on Southeast Asia, as this region encompasses the most developed and experienced institutions in the field of Islamic finance. Error correction-based models such as PMG, MG and DFE lend itself to the analysis of the panel data. This study also uses the instrument-based 2SLS to cope with the endogeneity problem between the real and financial sectors.
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Thane, Pat. "Old Age in European Cultures: A Significant Presence from Antiquity to the Present." American Historical Review 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa190.
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Abstract Contrary to widespread belief, significant numbers of people have lived long lives throughout recorded history. On average, women have lived longer than men. Definitions of old age as beginning between the ages of sixty and seventy have been remarkably consistent through time, despite major social and economic changes, as has government enforcement of age-related regulations, increasingly as government bureaucracy grew from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Despite long-prevailing simplified stereotypes, the reality of old age has always been highly diverse. Nowhere have people been respected or cared for simply because of their age; nor have all been frail dependents. Some have always been active to late ages, making positive, independent contributions to their families and communities, a fact that is too often overlooked by historians. Older people have mattered in all cultures and should not be overlooked.
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Rui, Li, Lina Sineviciene, Leonid Melnyk, Oleksandr Kubatko, Oleksandra Karintseva, and Oleksii Lyulyov. "Economic and environmental convergence of transformation economy: the case of China." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.19.
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Rapid economic reforms and proper GDP growth in China has affected the regional development of Chinese provinces. This study aims to estimate the degree of economic and environmental disparities within Chinese provinces for developing policy recommendations of regional transformation. The reduced log-linear specification of endogenous growth model is used for the estimation of convergence rates within Chinese provinces. The empirical results prove that an increase of 1% in GDP per capita basic year reduces the economic growth rate by 0.1% in the reference year. Thus, the ratio of the average per capita income in the wealthiest group to poorest provinces accounted for the factor 9.6 in 1995 and factor 4.1 in the year 2015, which means a reduction of disproportionate development. Environmental convergence trends were also found and less polluted provinces eventually increase emissions at higher rates than the initially polluted ones. With the pass of time, all provinces do move to the same steady state in environmental parameters. The speed of the economic and environmental convergence in China provinces is rather slow, and the economic growth was achieved by great sacrifices of an environment, since all provinces are striving to the same steady state in terms of pollution increase. The industrialized regions due to the presence of significant financial resources should pay more attention to the protection of the environment using all the available economic potential. At the same time, both initially poor provinces and rich have to develop more profoundly agriculture, tourism, recreation, and other environmentally friendly industries to improve economic performance.
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Ribeiro, Oscar, Laetitia Teixeira, Lia Araújo, Rosa Marina Afonso, and Nancy Pachana. "Predictors of anxiety in centenarians: health, economic factors, and loneliness." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 7 (August 13, 2014): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001628.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Centenarians’ psychological well-being is presently of great interest in psychogeriatric research but little is known about factors that specifically account for the presence of clinically relevant anxiety symptoms in this age group. This study examined the presence of anxiety and its predictors in a sample of centenarians and aims to contribute to a better understanding of anxiety determinants in extreme old age.Methods:We examined how socio-demographic, health, functional, and social factors contribute to the presence of clinically significant anxiety symptoms in centenarians recruited from two Portuguese centenarian studies. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form (GAI-SF) was used to assess anxiety symptoms.Results:A total of 97 centenarians (mean age 101.1 years; SD = 1.5 years; range = 100–108) with no/minor cognitive impairment were included. Clinically significant anxiety symptoms (GAI-SF ≥3) were present in 45.4% (n = 44) of the sample. Main predictive factors included worse health perception, higher number of medical conditions, financial concerns related to medical expenses (income inadequacy) and loneliness.Conclusions:Results suggest that along with health status (subjective and objective), income inadequacy related to medical expenses and feeling lonely may predispose centenarians to clinically significant anxiety and be important to their overall well-being. Further research is needed on the repercussions of clinical anxiety in centenarians’ quality of life and on co-morbid conditions (e.g. depression) at such advanced ages.
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Mohd Zaki Fadzil, Siti Sarah, and Noraziah Che Arshad. "HOW TENURE OF SUKUK ISSUANCES IMPACTS THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MALAYSIA?" Advanced International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbaf.11001.
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The present paper analyses the impact of Sukuk issuances on the economic growth of Malaysia over a period of 10 years from 2008 to 2017 on a yearly basis. There are six different types of Sukuk issuances which includes the long-term government/treasury/central bank (LGTC), long-term corporate (LCTE), long-term agency (LAGY), short-term government/treasury/central bank (SGTC), short-term corporate (SCTE) and short-term agency (SAGY) with the presences of the moderating variable which is the exchange rate (ER). The 10 years’ time-series data were analyzed by using the diagnostic test, unit root test and multiple regression analysis. The outcome of the study indicates that the presence of the ER, LCTE, SGTC, SCTE, and SAGY found to have a significant and positive relationship with the economic growth (GDP) of Malaysia. However, LGTC found not to be significant but shows a positive relationship with the GDP in Malaysia, whilst LAGY is found to be significant but shows a negative relationship with the GDP in Malaysia. Therefore, the Sukuk issuances give an impact on the economic growth of Malaysia, whereby with the presences of the moderating variable, the long-term and short-term Sukuk issuances can spur the economic growth of Malaysia.
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Scarf, Herbert E. "The Allocation of Resources in the Presence of Indivisibilities." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.4.111.
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A major theme of economic theory is that optimality, at the level of the firm or the economy as a whole, can be reached by profit maximization using competitive prices. The conclusion requires the assumption that the production possibility set be convex and is not valid if production displays economies of scale based on significant indivisibilities. The paper provides a specific quantity test for detecting optimality in the presence of indivisibilities and suggests that it may be useful to view the large firm as an algorithm for solving programming problems in which some of the variables assume integral values.
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Tkáčová, Andrea, Beáta Gavurová, and Viliam Kováč. "POLITICAL-ECONOMIC CYCLE MODELS OF ECONOMY OF GREECE." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 742–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.7068.
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The political-economic cycle can be caused as the consequence of the wrong political decisions, made with the aim of re-election and maintaining the political power. These decisions influence the macroeconomic indicators of the country and their presence is problematic in the advanced economies. The main objective of this study is to verify the existence of the political-economic cycle model in the case of Greece and to identify the type of this cycle. The basement is given by the approach of Alesina and Roubini (1992), which observes the relationship between the political dummy variables and the selected macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate and inflation rate. The eight linear regression models are developed in the R software environment, while the three of them are opportunistic and the five are ideological. These models are identified as statistically significant and according to the methodology, tested for the presence of serial correlation, heteroscedasticity and residual normality. As the models do not confirm the presence of an opportunistic or ideological political-economic cycle, according to the data, the influence of the political parties on changes in the macroeconomic variables before the election is not proved for the case of Greece.
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Murindahabi, Theodore, Qiang Li, Eric Nisingizwe, and E. M. B. P. Ekanayake. "Do coffee exports have impact on long-term economic growth of countries?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 8 (August 26, 2019): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/283/2018-agricecon.
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The present paper aims to investigate the impact of coffee exports on long-term economic growth in an open economy for 32 countries exporting coffee over the period of 1994–2013. The study applied a dynamic panel Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) modelling approach with estimators. All variables involved in the specified model were found to be stationary of order I (1) at a first difference. The Pooled Mean-Group (PMG) long-run results suggest the presence of a significant positive effect of coffee exports on economic growth. The empirical findings of the study suggest policy implications, promoting the coffee sector to boost the countries’ economy.
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Ben Salha, Ousama, Tarek Bouazizi, and Chaker Aloui. "Financial Liberalization, Banking Crises and Economic Growth: The Case of South Mediterranean Countries." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 3 (August 17, 2012): 1850264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1816.
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The central aim of this paper is to empirically assess the effects of financial liberalization on economic growth in the presence of banking crises. Our empirical investigation is based on a dynamic panel model for a sample of 10 South Mediterranean countries during the period 1980-2005. Results suggest that equity market liberalization positively affects economic growth in these countries, especially in the period of fragility and banking crises. Capital account liberalization, however, has no significant effects. As expected, banking crises exert negative effects on economic growth. When we control for the presence of macroeconomic stability and appropriate openness sequencing, the anticipated effects of capital account liberalization become significant. We conclude that macroeconomic reforms and trade opening are both crucial prerequisites for the success of the capital account liberalization process.
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Tuesta, Esteban Fernández, Carlos Garcia-Zorita, Rosario Romera Ayllon, and Elías Sanz-Casado. "Does a Country/Region’s Economic Status Affect Its Universities’ Presence in International Rankings?" Journal of Data and Information Science 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2019-0009.
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Abstract Purpose Study how economic parameters affect positions in the Academic Ranking of World Universities’ top 500 published by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Graduate School of Education in countries/regions with listed higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used capitalises on the multi-variate characteristics of the data analysed. The multi-colinearity problem posed is solved by running principal components prior to regression analysis, using both classical (OLS) and robust (Huber and Tukey) methods. Findings Our results revealed that countries/regions with long ranking traditions are highly competitive. Findings also showed that some countries/regions such as Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, and Italy, had a larger number of universities in the top positions than predicted by the regression model. In contrast, for Japan, a country where social and economic performance is high, the number of ARWU universities projected by the model was much larger than the actual figure. In much the same vein, countries/regions that invest heavily in education, such as Japan and Denmark, had lower than expected results. Research limitations Using data from only one ranking is a limitation of this study, but the methodology used could be useful to other global rankings. Practical implications The results provide good insights for policy makers. They indicate the existence of a relationship between research output and the number of universities per million inhabitants. Countries/regions, which have historically prioritised higher education, exhibited highest values for indicators that compose the rankings methodology; furthermore, minimum increase in welfare indicators could exhibited significant rises in the presence of their universities on the rankings. Originality/value This study is well defined and the result answers important questions about characteristics of countries/regions and their higher education system.
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Fernández-Uclés, Domingo, Saida Elfkih, Adoración Mozas-Moral, Enrique Bernal-Jurado, Miguel Jesús Medina-Viruel, and Saker Ben Abdallah. "Economic Efficiency in the Tunisian Olive Oil Sector." Agriculture 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090391.
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This study aims to assess the economic efficiency of Tunisian olive oil firms in order to identify the organizational and technological variables that are directly associated with greater efficiency. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and fuzzy sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method were used to achieve this. We find the managing director’s education level and information and communication technologies (ICT) training, the longevity of the company in inverse relationship with efficiency, the company’s presence on and use of virtual social networks, and the outsourcing of ICT management in combination have significant explanatory power in the companies that display greater economic efficiency.
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Fonseca, Nino, and Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero. "Significance bias in the tourism-led growth literature." Tourism Economics 26, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619833564.
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We use an original meta-regression analysis to test the existence of bias of statistical significance in the literature on the study of Granger causality relationships between tourism and income. We conclude for the presence of such bias. We also conclude that some methodological choices are more likely to lead to statistically significant results. Additionally, we find that the empirical association between tourism and income is stronger the shorter the time horizon analyzed and that it is correlated with the countries' economic, touristic and demographic profile. Altogether, our results suggest that there are reasons to mistrust the typical methodological approach followed by the literature reviewed and cast doubt on its usual implications for economic policy.
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LoukilLoukil, KamiliaKamilia. "The Impact of Financial Development on Innovation Activities in Emerging and Developing Countries." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i1.11235.
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We investigate in this paper the effect of financial development on innovation in emerging and developing countries. The estimation of panel threshold model for a sample 54 countries during the period 1980-2009 shows the presence of non linear effects in the relationship between financial development and innovation. We find a threshold value of economic development below which the financial development level has no significant impact on innovation and above which financial development has a significant positive impact on innovation. In sum, our findings suggest that the presence of a healthy economic environment is crucial for financial institutions to offer high-quality financial services, promoting more innovation.
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Saad, Wadad. "Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity in Lebanon." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n2p159.
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This study investigates empirically the determinants of economic growth and total factor productivity in Lebanon over the period 1980-2014. To do so, we firstly estimate the total factor productivity in a growth accounting framework. Secondly, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling approach has been applied to examine the relationship between economic growth and some macroeconomic variables such as foreign direct investment, openness, claims on private sector, and official development assistance. Then we consider modeling the effects of these macroeconomic determinants on TFP through an ARDL model. Findings of the regression analysis suggest the presence of a statistically significant relationship between economic growth and the variables involved in this study except for claims on private sector which appears to be insignificant. The results of TFP model show a significant relationship with claims on private sector and openness on one hand and insignificant link with the direct foreign investment and official development assistance on the other hand.
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Nurfahraini, Zarah, Amal Arfan, and Ichsan Invanni. "Dampak Pabrik Aspal pada Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat di Desa Pana, Kecamatan Alla, Kabupaten Enrekang." LaGeografia 18, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lga.v18i1.10972.
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This study aims to determine: 1) the socio-economic conditions of the community before the asphalt processing, 2) the socio-economic conditions of the community in the presence of asphalt processing, 3) the presence or absence of the impact of the existence of asphalt processing on the socio-economic conditions in Pana Village, Alla District, Regency Enrekang. This research method uses quantitative descriptive analysis of descriptive statistical data and inferential statistics. The population of this study were 300 people with a sample of 75 that was determined using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%. The results showed that the socio-economic conditions of the community prior to the asphalt processing were included in the high category and the socio-economic conditions of the community in the presence of asphalt processing were still in the high category. Based on the results of the SPSS analysis it appears that the value of p (sig. (2-tailed)) is 0.100> 0.05 indicating that the presence of asphalt processing does not have a significant impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community in Pana Hamlet. The data in the field also proves that there are several factors that make the existence of asphalt processing not have a significant impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, such as: labor recruitment is still small due to the asphalt processing location which is still categorized as small industries. being able to work in that location, the community does not have a contribution in the operation of asphalt processing, the existence of asphalt processing only provides an increase in income for its workers rather than the people who do not work in that location
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Rendu, Alison, Paul Moran, Anita Patel, Martin Knapp, and Anthony Mann. "Economic impact of personality disorders in UK primary care attenders." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 1 (July 2002): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.1.62.
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BackgroundThe economic impact of personality disorders on UK health services is unknown.AimsTo test the hypothesis that people with personality disorders have higher mean health and non-health costs compared with those without personality disorders.MethodProspective cohort study design. A total of 303 general practice attenders were followed-up 1 year after they had been assessed for the presence of personality disorders. Costs were estimated in £ sterling at 1999 price levels.ResultsThe mean total cost for patients with personality disorders was £3094 (s.d.=5324) compared with £1633 (s.d.=3779) for those without personality disorders. Personality disorders were not independently associated with increased costs. Multivariate analyses identified the presence of a significant interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders and increased total costs (coefficient=499, 95% CI 180.1-626.2, P=0.002).ConclusionsPersonality disorders are not independently associated with increased costs. An interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders significantly predicts increased total costs.
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Figurski, Jan, Piotr Fonrobert, and Dariusz Ćwik. "EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION FOR THE MILITARY ECONOMIC UNIT (MEU)." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 146, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6810.
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Specialised logistic entities hereby named as Military Economic Units (MEU) have a significant meaning in the structure providing operational capabilities for the Polish Armed Forces through relieving the military units involved in drilling/combat operations in the logistic tasks. The performance of difficult objective tasks demands a presence of professional staff in the MEU and its efficiency of operation has to be evaluated by an analysis of received results, also in a financial aspect. The paper describes an application of a managerial profitability function as a form of assessment for the MEU activities which includes different conditions for execution in determined time frames.
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Freedline Baba, Jason, and Dayang Haszelinna Binti Abang Ali. "Economic Determinants of Unemployment in Malaysia: Short – and Long – Run Causality." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 11, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i1.17794.
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The problem of unemployment has become a worrisome issue over the past few years as it is growing at an alarming state in many countries throughout the world particularly in developing countries such as Malaysia. There are numerous factors that cause this phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the determinants of unemployment in Malaysia as well as the relationship between unemployment and the chosen fundamental macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, inflation, and population. This study utilized the annual time series data of 31 year period starting from the year 1985 to the year 2015. The methodology of econometric analysis have been applied in this study such as unit root tests, co-integration test, vector error correction model, variance decompositions, and impulse response functions analysis. The findings showed that there are presences of short run causality among the variables and also a presence of long run only when population act as the dependent variable in the model. Besides, the findings indicate that GDP has a significant negative impact whereas FDI has a significant positive impact on unemployment in Malaysia. Overall, the conclusion of this study suggests that demand side policies and supply side policies are the most excellent and suitable approach in overcoming the problem of unemployment in Malaysia.
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Bila, Iryna, and Olena Shevchenko. "Social Entrepreneurship – Current Trend of Economic Development." Scientific Papers NaUKMA. Economics 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2519-4739.2021.6.1.28-33.
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The development of a market economy involves the socialization of its economic entities, i.e. the direction of their activities to solve social problems. The purpose of this article is to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of social entrepreneurship as a modern trend of economic development. The authors note that the main features of social entrepreneurship are: innovative activities; its dual focus, which combines non-profit goals with the ability, necessity and ability to make a profit; public nature of social enterprises and complexity in the organization and development, the presence of significant risks. Studies of the functioning of social entrepreneurship in the world have identified the following trends in its development: due to the different participation of the state in its support; lack of a single “acceptable” or effective form of social entrepreneurship and a certain generally defined area of activity; the success of social entrepreneurship in the world and its significant contribution to the economy.In Ukraine, social entrepreneurship is a new form of business. The main trends in the functioning of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are: a fairly wide geography of distribution of their activities, although the vast majority of them operate in large cities; the most common organizational form is individual small business; the main activities are: employment of vulnerable groups and generating income for social activities, etc. However, despite the rather rapid development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the problems of its functioning are: lack of financial and institutional state support; lack of motivation to create social enterprises and low level of public awareness of their significant positive potential; its significant dependence on foreign support and investment. According to the authors, these problems do not allow social entrepreneurship in Ukraine to realize its potential and become a trend of economic development. JEL classіfіcatіon: D64, L26, L31
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Goodwin, Barry K. "Forecasting Cattle Prices in the Presence of Structural Change." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 24, no. 2 (December 1992): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200018331.
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AbstractRecent empirical research and developments in the cattle industry suggest several reasons to suspect structural change in economic relationships determining cattle prices. Standard forecasting models may ignore structural change and may produce biased and misleading forecasts. Vector autoregressive (VAR) models that allow parameters to vary with time are used to forecast quarterly cattle prices. The VAR procedures are flexible in that they allow the identification of structural change that begins at an a priori unknown point and occurs gradually. The results indicate that the lowest RMSE for out-of-sample forecasts of cattle prices is obtained using a gradually switching VAR model. However, differences between the gradually switching VAR model and a univariate ARIMA model are not strongly significant. Impulse response functions indicate that adjustments of cattle prices to new information have become faster in recent years.
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Koval, Alexandra G., and Mikhail I. Sorokin. "Economic relations between China and Venezuela: modern characteristics and prospects." RUDN Journal of Economics 29, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-197-209.
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Venezuela suffers currently from a deep economic and political crisis. China, being significant partner for Venezuela, has recently increased its presence on the Venezuelan market. The study reveals the distinguishing features of modern Chinese-Venezuelan economic relations. It analyzes China's foreign economic strategy in Latin America and identifies the trends in trade, investment and finance relations between China and Venezuela. The conclusion is made that the Chinese strategy in Venezuela is not based on the concept of South - South cooperation, but it more relates to the North - South approach. At the same time, the political factor plays an increasingly significant role in the development of relationship between states from a perspective of escalation of the confrontation between the United States and China. The possible scenarios and consequences of the Venezuelan political crisis for China are identified and certain comparisons with Russia are presented.
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Knezevic, Snezana, Dragan Cvetkovic, Marija Micovic, Aleksandra Mitrović, and Stefan Milojević. "Analysis of the Presence of Criminal Offenses in the Field of the Shadow Economy in Serbia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.1.131-147(2021).
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The shadow economy offenses are a group of offenses with a wide variety of manifestations occurring in almost all areas of economic activity. The shadow economy, as a special form of economic crime, is increasingly disrupting the smooth functioning of the economy, but also causing significant material damage to society. The Republic of Serbia is making efforts to curb the shadow economy, which significantly reduces its budget revenue. In this paper, after conceptual determination of the shadow economy phenomena in the literature review, determining the causes and manifestations of crimes in the field of the shadow economy, we will analyze their volume, structure and dynamics, as well as their participation in the mass of total, i.e. economic crime in the Republic of Serbia from 2006 to in 2018. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the extreme importance of more appropriate involvement of competent authorities in order to combat this type of crime in modern economies by analyzing the causes and effects as well as the dynamics of this phenomenon.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, Ivan Milojević, and Rosa Andžić. "Economic analysis of exporting Serbian honey." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 7 (September 18, 2018): 929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0050.
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Researching competitiveness of Serbia’s honey sector represents an introduction into a complex issue of dynamic changes with complex heterogenic and long term socio-economic implications. Tracking changes of comparative advantages in export during Serbia’s transition period and accession to the EU is significant for viewing the effects that trade liberalization and integration in international streams have on the sensitive honey sector. The research started from indicators of demand and level of foreign trade in the EU. Quantitative indicators of Serbia’s honey export on European market were shown in order to confirm Serbia’s potential and dominant presence. Research subject of this paper is the analysis of Serbia’s comparative advantage in exporting honey and specialization in international trade with the EU. The Balassa index, Revealed comparative advantages index and Revealed symmetric comparative advantage index were used with the goal to measure the level of Serbia’s comparative advantage, Grubel Lloyd Index and Trade Balance Index were used to measure the specialization level. Research results point to a positive comparative advantage value in exporting Serbia’s honey to EU and inter-industry exchange character.
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Isaev, Artem. "Increasing Returns and Economic Growth of Russian Regions: Empirical Verification of Verdoorn’s Law." Regionalistica 7, no. 6 (2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/reg.2020.6.39.
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The paper tests the Kaldor-Verdoorn model on the base of the Russian Federation regional data for 2005–2017. According to the model, the process of regional growth has the property of cumulative causality. As a result of the benefits bringing by economies of scale, industrialized regions demonstrate faster growth rates at the expense of their economically less-advanced counterparts. Traditional and extended model specifications are examined. The extended specification additionally takes into account the presence of large agglomerations in a number of Russian regions. Estimates demonstrate the presence of cumulative causality and significant increasing returns to scale in manufacturing industry of Russian regions. Meanwhile, the study did not reveal an impact of large industrial agglomerations on the growth rates of the corresponding regions
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Aritenang, Adiwan F. "Regional Innovation System And Local Economic Development In Indonesia." Jurnal Tataloka 15, no. 3 (August 2, 2013): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.15.3.175-191.
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In Indonesia, decentralization and globalization has introduced a new spirit for localism. Since decentralisation, regions have been motivated to accelerate economic development through local endowment and resources. The democratic Indonesia government has been interested to follow economy theories and case studies develop in the advance countries. Over the years, government policies have supported and strengthen technology development through industrial clusters and national and regional innovation systems. This research aims to explore current progress of Indonesia innovation system through industrial clusters. The research found the presence of industry clustering and very limited innovation system in Indonesia. The research argues that these activities has significant impact on employment growth, but does not increase the industry's value added.
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Osipov, V. S. "To Characteristic the Uneven Economic Development of the European Union." Russian Economic Journal, no. 6 (December 2019): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2019-6-63-73.
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The article attempts to econometric modeling of the influence of a complex of factors on the volume and dynamics of the economies of the member States of the European Union, taking into account their differentiation. The main results of the author’s research are as follows. First, the fundamental coincidence of trends in the EU GDP dynamics with global trends and the presence of a strong negative impact on this dynamics of the global crisis of the late 2000s have been established. Secondly, it is once again confirmed that there is a significant differentiation between the founding States of the EU and the countries that joined it after 1990, expressed in a significant excess of macroeconomic indicators of the first group of countries of similar indicators of the second group. Thirdly, the difference between the combinations of factors influencing economic development in the two groups of EU countries is revealed, which once again testifies to the bloc nature of the EU structure.
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Feng, Xia, and Brad Humphreys. "Assessing the Economic Impact of Sports Facilities on Residential Property Values." Journal of Sports Economics 19, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002515622318.
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We estimate the effect of proximity to two sports facilities in Columbus, OH, on residential property values. Results from a spatial hedonic model indicate that the presence of sports facilities in Columbus have a significant, positive, and distance-decaying effect on surrounding residential housing values, supporting the idea that professional sports facilities generate intangible benefits in the local economy. Ordinary least square (OLS) overestimates the hedonic model parameters compared with maximum likelihood and spatial two-stage least squares, suggesting that spatial autocorrelation plays an important role in this setting.
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Nunkoo, Robin, Boopen Seetanah, Zameelah Rifkha Khan Jaffur, Paul George Warren Moraghen, and Raja Vinesh Sannassee. "Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-regression Analysis." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 404–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519844833.
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Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). The results suggest the presence of publication bias in the literature on this topic, where the majority of studies report positive and statistically significant estimates. Findings provide support for the TLGH, but they also suggest that the estimates are sensitive to a number of factors that are related to country data, specification, and estimation characteristics, and time span. Such sensitivities suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on reporting estimates of the relationship between tourism and economic growth across a variety of methodological characteristics and specification and estimation choices. The implications of the results for theory development are also discussed.
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Schmitz, Troy G. "Measuring Inefficiency in the Presence of an Export Tax, an Import Tariff, and a State Trading Enterprise." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 34, no. 1 (April 2002): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002169.
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AbstractAgricultural sales cooperative unions (ASCUs) in Turkey are heavily influenced by both domestic and international government policies. Both export taxes and import tariffs are used as policy tools to regulate cotton markets. Domestic price support programs, water subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, and credit subsidies have also been used as domestic policy tools. These types of subsidies are not uncommon among developing countries. This paper provides empirical estimates of the degree of economic inefficiency associated with government intervention in Turkish cotton markets. A two-region partial equilibrium model of cotton exports and imports is developed under the “small country assumption” to obtain empirical estimates of the deadweight welfare loss associated with these government subsidies. Although government intervention results in significant income distribution among the various cotton sectors within Turkey, the overall economic inefficiency of the redistribution is very low.
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Blahun, Ivan, Lesia Dmytryshyn, and Halyna Leshuk. "Simulative model for evaluation of investment processes in the regions of Ukraine." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 3 (November 23, 2017): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(3-2).2017.03.
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To analyze and evaluate the investment processes in the regions of Ukraine, it is suggested to use a simulative model that, unlike existing ones, allows to take into account the influence of macroeconomic factors and to predict the future development of the economic system of the regions taking into account their investment potential. The examination of the assessed simulative models of the investment processes in the regions of Ukraine for adequacy is carried out using the determination coefficient and Fisher’s criterion, by which the influence of the most significant economic variables of social and economic development of the regions on the investments formation is determined. Research of the investments impact on the dynamics of economic systems indicators of the regions has shown that 86% of the constructed models are adequate. The presence of statistically significant estimates of model parameters confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach for conducting research on the analysis and forecasting of the patterns of significant indicators formation of investment activity at the regional level, as well as their impact on indicators of social and economic development.
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Zamaraev, B., and T. Marshova. "Production capacity of Russian industry: Potential of import Substitution and economic Growth." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-6-5-24.
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The article examines the state of production capacity of Russian industry. It is shown that in spite of certain positive shifts, the rate of technological modernization in recent years has been insufficient for marked progressive changes in the capacity structure and quality. In contrast to the industrial growth after the crisis of 1998 that took place in the presence of significant reserves of capacity, the current level of idle capacity is much lower. The lack of mass input of modern and high-tech industries objectively limits the possibilities of import substitution and economic growth.
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Evans, Olaniyi. "The Effects of Economic and Financial Development on Financial Inclusion in Africa." Review of Economics and Development Studies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v1i1.113.
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This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of economic and financial development on financial inclusion in Africa, using panel FMOLS for the 2005-2014 period. The study shows that economic growth has a significant positive impact on financial inclusion, meaning that African countries with higher economic growth have more inclusive financial systems. GDP per capita has a significant positive impact on financial inclusion. That is, income is an important factor in explaining the level of financial inclusion in Africa. It is, as well, established in this study, that although both economic and financial development promote financial inclusion, though the effects of economic development are much stronger. Also, inflation is negatively linked to financial inclusion, and as well insignificant across all specifications. Deposit interest rate is positively linked to financial inclusion, though insignificant. The low deposit interest rates in African countries do not encourage inclusive financial systems. Population, though positive, is insignificant. Internet has positive significant impact on financial inclusion, meaning that internet access is indispensable in a fast-moving and digital African economy. Literacy is also statistically significant, meaning that adult literacy is an important factor in explaining the level of financial inclusion in Africa. As well, Islamic banking presence and activity are associated with higher financial inclusion.
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Amairia, Radhia, and Bouzid Amaira. "Transport Infrastructure and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Tunisia an ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." Journal of Infrastructure Development 9, no. 2 (December 2017): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930617732246.
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The achievement of an effective infrastructure, reliable and fair, is essential for economic growth. Indeed, the transport infrastructure is essential to the prosperity of regions. To investigate the relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth, we use the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), we find that transport infrastructure is cointegrated with economic performance, indicating the affirmed presence of long-run equilibrium relationships among them. We use annual data for the period from 1980 to 2013. The study found that the transport infrastructure and investment in transport infrastructure in Tunisia have a significant positive contribution to growth, which shows that each impact is strong and statistically significant. The Tunisian experience suggests that it is necessary to design an economic policy that will improve the transport infrastructure and to increase investment made to the sector for sustainable economic growth in Tunisia. It is necessary to improve the existing road and rail networks. JEL Classification: F63, L91, R41
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Maher, Asaad Hamdi. "Spatial determinants of foreign direct investment in Iraq - an analytical study for the period 1995-2018." Journal of University of Human Development 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v6n4y2020.pp1-11.
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The topic of attracting foreign investment in general and foreign direct investment in particular has gained special importance, as it is one of the main pillars on which countries depend to finance and develop their development programs in various economic sectors. Also, foreign direct investment is an effective means of transferring modern technology and its creation and development. Modern methods and methods of production contribute to high rates of economic growth.
Therefore, the determinants of foreign direct investment in Iraq have been chosen as a subject for research, to identify the nature of FDI flows and to measure and analyze the relationship between a number of economic variables and between foreign direct investment in Iraq for the period 1995 - 2018, as we have found a positive and statistically significant relationship between some economic variables And between foreign direct investment, and the presence of an inverse and statistically significant relationship between a number of other economic variables and foreign direct investment.
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Sharma, Preeti, and Priyanka Sahni. "Impact of Economic Reforms, FDI and Imports on GDP: Trends and Regression Analysis." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1481.
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The aim of this study is to explore the causal relationship between the exports, imports and economic growth of Chinese economy using time series data running from 1978 to 2016.Co integration, Granger Causality analysis and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) has been used in order to test the hypotheses about the presence of causality and co integration among the variables. The co integration test confirmed that exports, imports and GDP are co integrated, indicating an existence of long run equilibrium relationship among the variables and also confirmed by the Johansen co integration test results. The Granger causality test finally confirmed the presence of bi-directional causality between exports, imports and GDP. The study further shows that relative share of china’s exports in world exports has increased significantly after the introduction of economic reforms. Further, the rising exports have also made a significant contribution to the economic growth of Chinese economy due to forward and backward linkages.
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Lopes, Thiago Henrique Carneiro Rios, and Cleiton Silva de Jesus. "Financial liberalization and economic growth." Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2013-0118.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether countries benefit from capital account liberalization in more democratic contexts. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used the follow methodologies in this paper: Pooled OLS, panel data with fixed effects and generalized method of moments. The empirical exercises were conducted for both a large sample and a smaller group of developing countries. Given the characteristics of the variables used in the standard model, the main conclusions were obtained from an estimation that took into account the presence of fixed effects and endogeneity. Findings – Considering a sample of 77 countries, the authors were able to ascertain that capital account openness has a positive effect on economic growth only in highly democratic countries. When the same estimates are carried out with a more restricted sample, composed of 50 developing countries, the results are more pessimistic. In this case, capital account openness has a negative and significant effect, although being more democratic is not sufficient in itself to reap the benefits of financial integration. Research limitations/implications – The results obtained in this paper are limited to the number of observations and the period analysed. Furthermore, the conclusions need to be confirmed by a test of robustness, which should be conducted in future works; such works could make use of other democracy indicators and other instruments. Originality/value – The innovation of the work, in comparison to those the authors consulted, resides in its testing, through an interactive variable, whether the effect of capital openness on economic growth depends on level of democracy.
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Gribkova, Irina, Vera Krysanova, and Aleksandr Zavyalov. "ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SKIN MELANOMA (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Problems in oncology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-3-233-238.
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Therapy of patients with cutaneous melanoma is a serious problem, since this disease is characterized by chemo and radioresistance. In addition, new effective drugs of targeted and immunotherapy are expensive. To be able to introduce new technologies, an assessment of the economic burden caused by the disease is necessary. The aim of the study was to systematize and summarize the data of modern literature on the costs of treatment for cutaneous melanoma. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in the PubMed and elibrary.ru databases containing information on the economic burden of melanoma. The paper presents data on the cost of melanoma in different countries. The dependence of treatment costs on the methods of therapy used, the stage of the disease, the presence of adjuvant therapy, the number of metastatic sites, etc. is discussed. It has been shown that the costs of treating cutaneous melanoma are significant in all countries. The most expensive is the management of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Modern drugs of targeted and immunotherapy lead to significantly higher costs than chemotherapy drugs. Among the total costs, important components are the costs for adjuvant therapy and the managing of adverse events.
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Becchetti, Leonardo, Luca Corazzini, and Vittorio Pelligra. "Trust and Trustworthiness in Corrupted Economic Environments." Games 12, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12010016.
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We use an original variant of the standard trust game to study the effects of corruption on trust and trustworthiness. In this game, both the trustor and the trustee know that part of the surplus they can generate may be captured by a third “corrupted” player under different expected costs of audit and prosecution. We find a slightly higher trustor’s giving in the presence of corruption, matched by a significant excess of reciprocity from the trustee. Both the trustor and the trustee expect, on average, corruption to act as a tax, inelastic to changes in the probability of corruption prosecution. Expectations are correct for the inelasticity assumption and for the actual value of the “corruption tax”. Our experimental findings lead to the rejection of four standard hypotheses based on purely self-regarding preferences. We discuss how the apparently paradoxical excess reciprocity effect is consistent with the cultural role of heroes in history, where examples of commendable giving have been used to stimulate emulation of ordinary people. Our results suggest that the excess reciprocity component of the trustee makes the trustor’s excess giving a rational and effective strategy.
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Raza, Syed Ali, and Mohd Zaini Abd Karim. "Influence of Systemic Banking Crises and Currency Crises on the FDI-Growth Nexus: Evidence from China." Global Business Review 19, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 572–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713883.
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This study investigates the influence of systemic banking crises, currency crises and global financial crisis on the relationship of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in China by using the annual time series data from the period of 1982 to 2014. The Johansen and Juselius (J–J) cointegration, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing cointegration approach, and Gregory and Hansen’s (1996) cointegration approach with structural break confirm the valid long-run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate the positive and significant effect of FDI on economic growth. Whereas the negative influence of systemic banking crises and currency crises over economic growth is observed. It is also concluded that the impact of FDI on economic growth becomes insignificant in the presence of systemic banking crises and currency crises. The systemic banking crises effects the influence of export on economic growth more as compared to currency crises. Surprisingly, the export in the period of global financial crises has a positive and significant influence over economic growth in China, which conclude that the global financial crises did not drastically affect the export-growth nexus.
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Kim, Yoomi, Katsuya Tanaka, and Shunji Matsuoka. "Institutional Mechanisms and the Consequences of International Environmental Agreements." Global Environmental Politics 17, no. 1 (February 2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00391.
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This article examines the institutional mechanisms affecting the environment and economies of the member countries of international environmental agreements (IEAs), particularly focusing on the legalization and flexibility aspects of IEAs. To identify the factors that influence the consequences of IEAs, we applied the Bayesian probit model to a database including 123 IEAs related to 23 international environmental regimes. The environmental consequences data were taken from the existing database and rescored (Böhmelt and Pilster 2010 ; Breitmeier et al. 2006 ), and unintended economic consequences were identified using data from 209 countries. Legally binding IEAs showed a significant improvement of environmental performance, but a significant decrease was related to the presence of inflexible rules. Moreover, decision-making flexibility was positively related to environmental improvement, and negatively related to regime body flexibility. The economic consequences model showed a positive significant impact of the secretariat’s independence on the economies of member countries, while legally binding IEAs showed negative effects. All flexibility elements showed positive impacts on economic consequences. In our research, IEA uncertainty had negative effects on both the environmental and economic aspects; however, we observed positive relationships in the environment and economic analyses when IEAs promoted public goods.
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Ryzhov, I. V., M. Yu Borodina, and T. V. Baranova. "American Strategy of "Sufficient Presence" in the Middle East." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-236-251.
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Abstract: After D. Trump came to power it started developing a new US Middle East policy, based on the regional threat assessment, such as the unstable political situation in a number of regional countries, radical regimes, terrorism, especially ISIS. In addition, the most important task for the Trump administration was to try to regain lost US influence in the region, which resulted in the so-called "strategy of sufficient presence" and in the support of regional allies, "centers of power" such as Israel.A distinctive feature of D. Trump's policy in the region can be considered a change in rhetoric regarding the Iranian nuclear program up to the introduction of new economic sanctions. Moreover, the American approach to the settlement of the Syrian crisis is connected with the prevention of the growing influence of Iran and Russia in the region.American-Turkish relations also underwent significant changes, which were very tense until 2017. The states managed to find common ground on a number of issues of international politics. However, the situation is still significantly complicated by American support for the Kurds in their quest for autonomy.Trump's ratings at home are falling, and therefore there is a possibility that Trump will lose the upcoming presidential elections to his opponent D. Biden. However, trying to predict the prospects of the US Middle East policy in the event of D. Biden's victory, the authors came to the conclusion that it will not undergo significant changes, except for the nuclear deal with Iran. The key tasks of American foreign policy will remain the fight against terrorism, countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the search for likeminded states in the region.
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Sassi, Franco, Martin McKee, and Jennifer A. Roberts. "Economic Evaluation of Diagnostic Technology: Methodological Challenges and Viable Solutions." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 13, no. 4 (1997): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300010084.
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AbstractThe principles of economic evaluation are increasingly accepted by clinicians and policy makers as evidence from a significant number of studies becomes available to support their decisions. However, methods of assessment still need to be improved. This paper reports a comprehensive review of methodological challenges in the economic evaluation of diagnostic technology, where such challenges are more evident. This review formed the basis for a prioritized research agenda, with four main areas: modeling techniques for dealing with complexity; measures of the opportunity cost of shared resources; techniques for eliciting decision makers' utility functions for diagnostic tests; and ways of assessing the robustness of decisions. A number of methodoligical solutions are proposed, aimed at capturing elements and relationships that are usually neglected and fully recognizing the presence of an inductive cognitive component in decision-making processes.
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Mitiku, Wakuma, and Garoma Desa. "Review of Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance." Healthcare Review 1, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47285/hr.v1i2.62.
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Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Brucella. The disease affects both animals and human beings resulting in a serious economic loss in the animal production sector and deterioration of public health. Bovine brucellosis is highly prevalent and has significant economic and zoonotic implications for the rural communities in consequence of their traditional lifestyles, feeding habits, and disease patterns. The possible sources of infections include all infected tissues, aborted fetuses, vaginal discharges, and potentially contaminated materials. The nature of the pathogenesis of the diseases lies in the presence of the bacteria in the cells and employing various methods to survive in the phagocytic cells. The disease can be transmitted from an infected host to susceptible animals in direct and indirect contact. Various methods are employed for the diagnosis of brucellosis including microscopic examination, culture methods, serological and molecular biology. The public health importance of brucellosis is much related to the infected animal species from which human transmission occurs. The economic importance of brucellosis depends upon the species of animal affected. It can cause considerable losses in cattle as a result of abortion and a reduction in milk yield. The most rational approach for control of Brucella abortus infection is by vaccinating young female animals. To deal with diseases like brucellosis, the public in general and high-risk groups, in particular, should be made aware of the zoonotic and economic importance of brucellosis through veterinary extension education.
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Ewa, Uket E., Wasiu A. Adesola, and Etim N. Essien. "Impact of Tax Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria." International Business Research 13, no. 6 (May 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n6p1.
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There has been conflicting preposition as to the extent of tax contribution to the development of Nigerian economy. This study is to determine the impact of taxation proceeds on the development of Nigerian economy. The study explored the impact of three tax income streams – Income tax from companies’ profits, income tax from petroleum companies profits and Value Added Tax on economic development represented by Gross Domestic Product (at current basic prices) growth for the period 1994 to 2018. The study applied Ordinary Least Square statistical tool with the help of SPSS 20.0. The study revealed a positive relationship with a coefficient of determination of 99.2% of the variation in economic development attributable to the tax income streams studied. Also although the study revealed the existence of significant effect of taxes from companies’ profits and Value Added Tax on Gross Domestic Product Growth, there is little or no significant impact of taxes on profits of Petroleum companies on Gross Domestic Product growth in Nigeria due to restriction by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries production ceiling on Nigeria’s production/sales and the global price shocks of crude oil over the decade. Also the study revealed tax payers apathy to tax payment and presence of tax leakages due to corruption and administrative inefficiencies by the tax authorities.
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Mukhtarov, Shahriyar, Ilkin Mammadov, and Sugra Humbatova. "The Relationship Between Government Expenditures on Education and Economic Growth: The Case of Azerbaijan." Research in World Economy 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n1p195.
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This paper investigates the impact of government’s education expenditures, gross capital formation and total population on economic growth in Azerbaijan during 1995-2018 using the different cointegration methods, namely, ARDLBT, DOLS, and CCR. The results from cointegration methods approve presence of long-run relationship among the variables. The estimation results show that government’s expenditures on education, gross capital formation and total population have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the long-run. The paper concludes that a concerted effort should be made by policy makers to increase educational investment in order to escelate economic growth.
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Li, Jiabao, Dong Zhu, and Ting Jiang. "Electrochemical trepanning in the presence of insulating particles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 12 (April 30, 2021): 1927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211014825.
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Electrochemical trepanning is a highly effective and economic manufacturing technology and often used to process ruled surface parts in the aerospace field. Stray corrosion in electrochemical trepanning causes poor processing localization, large tip taper, and low machining accuracy. This paper presents an innovative approach to the reduction of stray corrosion in electrochemical trepanning in which ceramic particles are used to form an insulating protective layer on the machined surface and thereby inhibit harmful stray currents. The electric field distribution and contour changes during the machining process are simulated using the finite element method in COMSOL software. The results suggest that the presence of the insulating particles can dramatically improve the electric field distribution and reduce stray currents and the taper angle. A series of experiments are performed to verify the simulation results. The experiments show that the particles have a significant effect on the taper angle, reducing it from 4.03° to 2.00° at the same machining speed of 1.0 mm/min. Further experimental results show that the size and quantity of insulating particles both affect surface quality. When the particle diameter is reduced from 2.5 to 1.5 mm, the surface roughness Ra decreases from 1.32 to 1.16 μm. As the particle quantity varies from 250 to 900, a minimum value of Ra = 0.86 μm is obtained for 650 particles.
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Alekseevich, Zyukin Danil, Alexey Anatolievich Golovin, Ruslan Yakovlevich Vakulenko, Olga Vladimirovna Pigoreva, Elena Nikolaevna Nozdracheva, and Khorlyakova Olga Viktorovna. "Poverty in Russia: economic and social implications." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 34 (September 2, 2021): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.16.
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The purpose of the research is to analyze of poverty in Russia as the most important social problem of our time. The methodology of the study includes an assessment of the dynamics of socio-economic indicators in Russia in the period 2015-2020, as well as a comparison with European countries. It is shown that the problem of poverty is still one of the most pressing and urgent for modern Russia. Despite the outlined positive dynamics in the poverty level of the country's population in 2018-2019, there was a decline again in 2020, due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation against the backdrop of the Coronavirus pandemic. As a result, the effectiveness of the earlier measures in the framework of social policy has practically disappeared, and the poverty level has practically reached 13%. The systemic lack of financial support for such critical sectors as education and health care has contributed to a series of cuts in order to save limited resources. A comparative analysis of the main socio-economic indicators in Russia and European countries made it possible to reveal the presence of significant differentiation, since Russia occupies the last positions among the compared countries in terms of basic social indicators.
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Vikhoreva, Maria, and Tatyana Kirillova. "Priority Directions Development of the Regions Social and Economic Activity." Bulletin of Baikal State University 29, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(1).166-172.
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The socio-economic activity of the region is studied using the Irkutsk region as an example. The analysis of the dynamics of the main socio-economic indicators revealed important features of its territorial structure. In order to implement the assessment and qualitative analysis to form the directions of preparation of the regional development strategy, it was proposed to apply a spatial approach, taking into account all of the above. Expert assessments have shown that the region has a very high environmental risk, so it is necessary to introduce measures related to the greening of the economic structure as a kind of diversification. Geographically, the region is proposed to develop in different directions, taking into account the identified features. The southern part is promising for the implementation of tourism and recreational potential and services, as it has appropriate infrastructure and resources. The implementation of this direction requires significant investment, but it pays off quickly in comparison with the development of industry. As for the northern territory of the region, the presence of significant natural resources creates prospects for their deeper processing and for introduction of new technologies in the mining industry. Expansion of the direction is possible due to the long-term development of scientific and educational activities.
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Honig, Emily, and Xiaojian Zhao. "Sent-down Youth and Rural Economic Development in Maoist China." China Quarterly 222 (March 31, 2015): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741015000363.
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AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the sent-down youth movement and economic development in rural China during the Cultural Revolution. It examines ways in which sent-down youth themselves initiated improvements in rural life, and more importantly, how local officials used both their presence to acquire equipment and technical training and their skills and education to promote rural industry. The sent-down youth offices established in the cities and the countryside inadvertently provided connections between remote rural counties and large urban centres that enabled the transfer of a significant quantity of material goods, ranging from electrical wires and broadcast cables to tractors and factory machinery. Ultimately, we show how individual sent-down youths, their families, and both urban and rural officials – none of whom had a role in determining government policies – identified and made use of resources that those policies unintentionally produced.