Journal articles: 'Signals Of Opportunities'

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Cornwall, Marie, Brayden King, Elizabeth Legerski, Eric Dahlin, and Kendra Schiffman. "Signals or Mixed Signals: Why Opportunities for Mobilization are not Opportunities for Policy Reform." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.12.3.k6q6303j65h1l432.

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Drawing on political opportunity theory, the theory of legislative logic, and political mediation theory, we hypothesize differential effects of the political environment on the actions of challengers (suffragists) and state actors (legislators) in the women's suffrage movement. We use sequential logistic regression to assess the effects of explanatory variables on two intermediate stages of mobilization and policy change. In the case of challengers, we estimate the likelihood a state-level organization is present in any given legislative year. In the case of state actors, we estimate the likelihood a bill passes one legislative house given the presence of a state-level suffrage organization and that a bill has been introduced. Mixed signals are apparent in that challengers and legislators respond to the same environmental factors differently. Challengers respond to perceived opportunities for change. Legislators seek to enhance their political careers and are responsive to the demands of challengers when they perceive challengers as politically powerful or when social and cultural change signals a demand for policy reform. Legislators, in the end, are much more conservative in their response to the political context.

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Goth, G. "Wireless MAN Standard Signals Next-Gen Opportunities." IEEE Distributed Systems Online 5, no. 8 (August 2004): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdso.2004.20.

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Porter, George. "Direct approach signals green light for equal opportunities." Physics World 6, no. 8 (August 1993): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/6/8/27.

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Jiang, Lei, Ben Woodington, Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte, George Malliaras, and Damiano G. Barone. "Spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces: opportunities in neural recording and clinical challenges." Journal of Neural Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 021003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac605f.

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Abstract Bioelectronic stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated significant progress in the restoration of motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). The proximal, uninjured spinal cord presents a viable target for the recording and generation of control signals to drive targeted stimulation. Signals have been directly recorded from the spinal cord in behaving animals and correlated with limb kinematics. Advances in flexible materials, electrode impedance and signal analysis will allow spinal cord recording (SCR) to be used in next-generation neuroprosthetics. In this review, we summarize the technological advances enabling progress in SCR and describe systematically the clinical challenges facing spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces and potential solutions, from device manufacture, surgical implantation to chronic effects of foreign body reaction and stress–strain mismatches between electrodes and neural tissue. Finally, we establish our vision of bi-directional closed-loop spinal cord bioelectronic bypass interfaces that enable the communication of disrupted sensory signals and restoration of motor function in SCI.

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Safari, Leila, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Giuseppe Ferri. "A Review on VCII Applications in Signal Conditioning for Sensors and Bioelectrical Signals: New Opportunities." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093578.

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This study reviews second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII)-based read-out circuits for sensors and bioelectrical signal conditioning from existing literature. VCII is the dual circuit of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII), which provides the possibility of processing signals in the current domain while providing output signals in the voltage form. The scope of this paper is to discuss the benefits and opportunities of new VCII-based read-out circuits over traditional ones and bioelectrical signals. The achieved main benefits compared to conventional circuits are the simpler read-out circuits, producing an output signal in a voltage form that can be directly used, improved accuracy, possibility of gain adjustment using a single grounded resistor, and the possibility of connecting several SiPM sensors to the readout circuit. The circuits studied in this paper include VCII- based read-out circuits suitable for all types of sensors configured in the current-mode Wheatstone bridge (CMWB) topology, the VCII-based read-out circuits solutions reported for silicon photomultiplier, spiral-shaped ultrasonic PVDF and differential capacitive sensors, and, finally, a simple readout circuitry for sensing bioelectrical signals. There are still not many VCII-based readout circuits, and we hope that the outcome of this study will enhance this area of research and inspire new ideas.

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Basu, Shibom, Vincent Olieric, Filip Leonarski, Naohiro Matsugaki, Yoshiaki Kawano, Tomizaki Takashi, Chia-Ying Huang, et al. "Long-wavelength native-SAD phasing: opportunities and challenges." IUCrJ 6, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519002756.

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Native single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) is an attractive experimental phasing technique as it exploits weak anomalous signals from intrinsic light scatterers (Z < 20). The anomalous signal of sulfur in particular, is enhanced at long wavelengths, however the absorption of diffracted X-rays owing to the crystal, the sample support and air affects the recorded intensities. Thereby, the optimal measurable anomalous signals primarily depend on the counterplay of the absorption and the anomalous scattering factor at a given X-ray wavelength. Here, the benefit of using a wavelength of 2.7 over 1.9 Å is demonstrated for native-SAD phasing on a 266 kDa multiprotein-ligand tubulin complex (T2R-TTL) and is applied in the structure determination of an 86 kDa helicase Sen1 protein at beamline BL-1A of the KEK Photon Factory, Japan. Furthermore, X-ray absorption at long wavelengths was controlled by shaping a lysozyme crystal into spheres of defined thicknesses using a deep-UV laser, and a systematic comparison between wavelengths of 2.7 and 3.3 Å is reported for native SAD. The potential of laser-shaping technology and other challenges for an optimized native-SAD experiment at wavelengths >3 Å are discussed.

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Liu, Jiao, Guanlong Teng, and Feng Hong. "Human Activity Sensing with Wireless Signals: A Survey." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041210.

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Wireless networks have been widely deployed with a high demand for wireless data traffic. The ubiquitous availability of wireless signals brings new opportunities for non-intrusive human activity sensing. To enhance a thorough understanding of existing wireless sensing techniques and provide insights for future directions, this survey conducts a review of the existing research on human activity sensing with wireless signals. We review and compare existing research of wireless human activity sensing from seven perspectives, including the types of wireless signals, theoretical models, signal preprocessing techniques, activity segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and application. With the development and deployment of new wireless technology, there will be more sensing opportunities in human activities. Based on the analysis of existing research, the survey points out seven challenges on wireless human activity sensing research: robustness, non-coexistence of sensing and communications, privacy, multiple user activity sensing, limited sensing range, complex deep learning, and lack of standard datasets. Finally, this survey presents four possible future research trends, including new theoretical models, the coexistence of sensing and communications, awareness of sensing on receivers, and constructing open datasets to enable new wireless sensing opportunities on human activities.

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Gill, Gauravpal S., Yogesh N. V. Reddy, and Venkata M. Alla. "MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease: Small Signals and Big Opportunities!" Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 5, no. 01 (February 2020): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709253.

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Bizzego, Andrea, and Gianluca Esposito. "Acquisition and Processing of Brain Signals." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 6492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196492.

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Kubiak, Ireneusz. "Digital processing methods of images and signals in electromagnetic infiltration process." Image Processing & Communications 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0070-7.

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Abstract The article contains information about the capabilities of electromagnetic infiltration process in case of occurrence of strong interfering signals. As a methods supporting infiltration process used method of digital processing of signals and images in the form of histogram transformations, global and local thresholding of signal amplitudes and logical filters. The material presented in the article shows that risk can arise if the uncontrolled use of the computer. Risks that could decide our safety and security of our data. obtained images. Manipulation of histograms, threshold amplitudes of the emission signal correlated with the classified signals or logical filters highlight the weakness of the security used at the source. The presence of strong interfering signals such as vertical and horizontal synchronization signals blocking measurement receivers, do not prevent the reproduction of classified information. Opportunities of the electromagnetic infiltration in situations of weak compromising emissions occurs are presented in the article.

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Calderon-Monge, Esther, and Pilar Huerta-Zavala. "Brand and performance signals in the choice of franchise opportunities." Service Industries Journal 34, no. 9-10 (July 4, 2014): 772–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2014.905920.

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Iwaniec, Joanna, Marek Iwaniec, and Antoni Kalukiewicz. "Application of vectorcardiography and recurrence-based methods to analysis of ECG signals." MATEC Web of Conferences 241 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824101015.

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The paper concerns application of vectorcardiography and recurrence-based methods to analyze ECG signals. The first method involves recording the direction and magnitude of electrical forces of the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form a curving line around a center, while the second consists in representing the ECG signals in the phase space and searching for the recurrence properties of the registered signals. In both methods, change of analysis domain offers new opportunities for early diagnosis. In this work, discussed methods have been used for the purposes of analysis of selected ECG signals stored in the medical database. Vectorcardiograms were determined on the basis of ECG signals for the Farnk's leads. Signal analysis was carried out with the application of the recurrence plots (RP) method. The proposed approach simplifies assessment of the signal information content by providing patterns characteristic for different myocardial injury. Carried out research requires complementation by results of statistical analysis for various age groups and degrees of myocardial injury.

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Leroux, Andrew, Rachael Rzasa-Lynn, Ciprian Crainiceanu, and Tushar Sharma. "Wearable Devices: Current Status and Opportunities in Pain Assessment and Management." Digital Biomarkers 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515576.

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Introduction: We investigated the possibilities and opportunities for using wearable devices that measure physical activity and physiometric signals in conjunction with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data to improve the assessment and treatment of pain. Methods: We considered studies with cross-sectional and longitudinal designs as well as interventional or observational studies correlating pain scores with measures derived from wearable devices. A search was also performed on studies that investigated physical activity and physiometric signals among patients with pain. Results: Few studies have assessed the possibility of incorporating wearable devices as objective tools for contextualizing pain and physical function in free-living environments. Of the studies that have been conducted, most focus solely on physical activity and functional outcomes as measured by a wearable accelerometer. Several studies report promising correlations between pain scores and signals derived from wearable devices, objectively measured physical activity, and physical function. In addition, there is a known association between physiologic signals that can be measured by wearable devices and pain, though studies using wearable devices to measure these signals and associate them with pain in free-living environments are limited. Conclusion: There exists a great opportunity to study the complex interplay between physiometric signals, physical function, and pain in a real-time fashion in free-living environments. The literature supports the hypothesis that wearable devices can be used to develop reproducible biosignals that correlate with pain. The combination of wearable devices and EMA will likely lead to the development of clinically meaningful endpoints that will transform how we understand and treat pain patients.

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Yoo, So Young, and Sang Mo Kwon. "Angiogenesis and Its Therapeutic Opportunities." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/127170.

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Angiogenesis plays critical roles in human physiology that range from reproduction and fetal growth to wound healing and tissue repair. The sophisticated multistep process is tightly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner by “on-off switch signals” between angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix components, and endothelial cells. Uncontrolled angiogenesis may lead to several angiogenic disorders, including vascular insufficiency (myocardial or critical limb ischemia) and vascular overgrowth (hemangiomas, vascularized tumors, and retinopathies). Thus, numerous therapeutic opportunities can be envisaged through the successful understanding and subsequent manipulation of angiogenesis. Here, we review the clinical implications of angiogenesis and discuss pro- and antiangiogenic agents that offer potential therapy for cancer and other angiogenic diseases.

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Ma, Hui, Michail Antoniou, and Mikhail Cherniakov. "Passive GNSS-based SAR imaging and opportunities using Galileo E5 signals." Science China Information Sciences 58, no. 6 (April 26, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5335-5.

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16

Blackmore, Jill. "WARNING SIGNALS OR DANGEROUS OPPORTUNITIES? GLOBALIZATION, GENDER, AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY SHIFTS." Educational Theory 50, no. 4 (December 2000): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2000.00467.x.

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Chang, Catie, Erika P. Raven, and Jeff H. Duyn. "Brain–heart interactions: challenges and opportunities with functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2067 (May 13, 2016): 20150188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0188.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultra-high field (UHF) strengths (7 T and above) offers unique opportunities for studying the human brain with increased spatial resolution, contrast and sensitivity. However, its reliability can be compromised by factors such as head motion, image distortion and non-neural fluctuations of the functional MRI signal. The objective of this review is to provide a critical discussion of the advantages and trade-offs associated with UHF imaging, focusing on the application to studying brain–heart interactions. We describe how UHF MRI may provide contrast and resolution benefits for measuring neural activity of regions involved in the control and mediation of autonomic processes, and in delineating such regions based on anatomical MRI contrast. Limitations arising from confounding signals are discussed, including challenges with distinguishing non-neural physiological effects from the neural signals of interest that reflect cardiorespiratory function. We also consider how recently developed data analysis techniques may be applied to high-field imaging data to uncover novel information about brain–heart interactions.

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Adler, Frederick R. "Plant signalling: the opportunities and dangers of chemical communication." Biology Letters 7, no. 2 (September 29, 2010): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0790.

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The notion of chemical communication between plants and other organisms has gone from being viewed as a fringe idea to an accepted ecological phenomenon only recently. An Organized Oral Session at the August 2010 Ecological Society of America meeting in Pittsburgh examined the role of plant signalling both within and between plants, with speakers addressing the remarkably wide array of effects that plant signals have on plant physiology, species interactions and entire communities. In addition to the familiar way that plants communicate with mutualists like pollinators and fruit dispersers through both chemical and visual cues, speakers at this session described how plants communicate with themselves, with each other, with herbivores and with predators of those herbivores. These plant signals create a complex odour web superimposed upon the more classical food web itself, with its own dynamics in the face of exotic species and rapid community assembly and disassembly.

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Constantinou, Antony, and Karen M. Polizzi. "Opportunities for bioprocess monitoring using FRET biosensors." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 5 (September 23, 2013): 1146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130103.

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Bioprocess monitoring is used to track the progress of a cell culture and ensure that the product quality is maintained. Current schemes for monitoring metabolism rely on offline measurements of samples of the extracellular medium. However, in the era of synthetic biology, it is now possible to design and implement biosensors that consist of biological macromolecules and are able to report on the intracellular environment of cells. The use of fluorescent reporter signals allows non-invasive, non-destructive and online monitoring of the culture, which reduces the delay between measurement and any necessary intervention. The present mini-review focuses on protein-based biosensors that utilize FRET as the signal transduction mechanism. The mechanism of FRET, which utilizes the ratio of emission intensity at two wavelengths, has an inherent advantage of being ratiometric, meaning that small differences in the experimental set-up or biosensor expression level can be normalized away. This allows for more reliable quantitative estimation of the concentration of the target molecule. Existing FRET biosensors that are of potential interest to bioprocess monitoring include those developed for primary metabolites, redox potential, pH and product formation. For target molecules where a biosensor has not yet been developed, some candidate binding domains can be identified from the existing biological databases. However, the remaining challenge is to make the process of developing a FRET biosensor faster and more efficient.

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Novikov, S. Y., and M. E. Fedina. "UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLES FOR GROUPS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF SIGNALS." Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 21, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2015-21-6-102-109.

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Uncertainty principles of harmonic analysis and their analogues for ﬁnite abelian groups are considered in the paper. Special attention is paid to the recent results of T. Tao and coauthors about cyclic groups of prime order. It is shown, that indicator functions of subgroups of ﬁnite Abelian groups are analogues of Gaussian functions. Finite-dimensional version of Poisson summation formula is proved. Opportunities of application of these results for reconstruction of discrete signals with incomplete number of coeﬃcients are suggested. The principle of partial isometric whereby we can determine the minimum number of measurements for stable recovery of the signal are formulated.

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Brajović, Miloš, Isidora Stanković, Jonatan Lerga, Cornel Ioana, Eftim Zdravevski, and Miloš Daković. "Multivariate Decomposition of Acoustic Signals in Dispersive Channels." Mathematics 9, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212796.

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We present a signal decomposition procedure, which separates modes into individual components while preserving their integrity, in effort to tackle the challenges related to the characterization of modes in an acoustic dispersive environment. With this approach, each mode can be analyzed and processed individually, which carries opportunities for new insights into their characterization possibilities. The proposed methodology is based on the eigenanalysis of the autocorrelation matrix of the analyzed signal. When eigenvectors of this matrix are properly linearly combined, each signal component can be separately reconstructed. A proper linear combination is determined based on the minimization of concentration measures calculated exploiting time-frequency representations. In this paper, we engage a steepest-descent-like algorithm for the minimization process. Numerical results support the theory and indicate the applicability of the proposed methodology in the decomposition of acoustic signals in dispersive channels.

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Nakamura, Ko, Shunsaku Horiuchi, Masaomi Tanaka, Kazuhiro Hayama, Tomoya Takiwaki, and Kei Kotake. "Multi-messenger signals from core-collapse supernovae." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S329 (November 2016): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001193.

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AbstractThe next Galactic supernova is expected to bring great opportunities for the direct detection of gravitational waves, full flavor neutrinos, and multi-wavelength photons. To prepare for appropriate observations of these multi-messenger signals, we use a long-term numerical simulation of the core-collapse supernova and discuss detectability of the signals in different situations. By exploring the sequential multi-messenger signals of a nearby CCSN, we discuss preparations for maximizing successful studies of such an unprecedented stirring event.

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Ledoux, Jonathan, Matthias E. Werner, Joseph E. Brayden, and Mark T. Nelson. "Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels and the Regulation of Vascular Tone." Physiology 21, no. 1 (February 2006): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00040.2005.

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Different calcium signals in the endothelium and smooth muscle target different types of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels to modulate vascular function. These differential calcium signals and targets represent multilayered opportunities for prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunctions.

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Lindstedt, Paweł. "Statistical Diagnostic Thresholds of Rolling Bearings with Correlation of the Bearings Signal and its Environment Based on Cauchy Product." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.111.

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During diagnostic thresholds research, sequence of numbers emerging from proper measurements, are analysed. These are sequences characterizing environment (e.g. amount of hours worked sequence x and sequence of numbers emerging from diagnostic signal measurement sequence y). Hence, two sequences exist: {x0, x1,, xm} and {y0, y1,, ym}. Relation between these sequences might be determined by Cauchy product. The Cauchy product can significantly expand opportunities of applications of signal processing and analysis. Auto and cross Cauchy products of signals as well as quotients and subtraction result of the diagnostic and environment signals, for the standard condition and the condition resulting from the current diagnosis can be determined. These allow to make diagnostics more precise, particularly in case of small number of measurements, and low accuracy of the diagnostics thresholds determined from them.

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Sander, Tilmann H., and Bin Zhou. "Linking neuroimaging signals to behavioral responses in single cases: Challenges and opportunities." PsyCh Journal 5, no. 3 (September 2016): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pchj.143.

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Kledrowetz, Vilem, Roman Prokop, Lukas Fujcik, Michal Pavlik, and Jiří Háze. "Low-power ASIC suitable for miniaturized wireless EMG systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0071.

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Abstract Nowadays, the technology advancements of signal processing, low-voltage low-power circuits and miniaturized circuits have enabled the design of compact, battery-powered, high performance solutions for a wide range of, particularly, biomedical applications. Novel sensors for human biomedical signals are creating new opportunities for low weight wearable devices which allow continuous monitoring together with freedom of movement of the users. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel miniaturized low-power sensor in integrated circuit (IC) form suitable for wireless electromyogram (EMG) systems. Signal inputs (electrodes) are connected to this application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC consists of several consecutive parts. Signals from electrodes are fed to an instrumentation amplifier (INA) with fixed gain of 50 and filtered by two filters (a low-pass and high-pass filter), which remove useless signals and noise with frequencies below 20 Hz and above 500 Hz. Then signal is amplified by a variable gain amplifier. The INA together with the reconfigurable amplifier provide overall gain of 50, 200, 500 or 1250. The amplified signal is then converted to pulse density modulated (PDM) signal using a 12-bit delta-sigma modulator. The ASIC is fabricated in TSMC0.18 mixed-signal CMOS technology.

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Sheretov, Ernst P., Boris I. Kolotilin, Nikolay V. Veselkin, Alexander V. Brykov, and Edgar V. Fedosov. "Opportunities for optimization of the rf signal applied to electrodes of quadrupole mass spectrometers. part ii. EC signals." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 198, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(00)00164-0.

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Musarò, Antonio. "Muscle Homeostasis and Regeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities." Cells 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092033.

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The capacity of adult muscle to regenerate in response to injury stimuli represents an important homeostatic process. Regeneration is a highly coordinated program that partially recapitulates the embryonic developmental program and involves the activation of the muscle compartment of stem cells, namely satellite cells, as well as other precursor cells, whose activity is strictly dependent on environmental signals. However, muscle regeneration is severely compromised in several pathological conditions due to either the progressive loss of stem cell populations or to missing signals that limit the damaged tissues from efficiently activating a regenerative program. It is, therefore, plausible that the loss of control over these cells’ fate might lead to pathological cell differentiation, limiting the ability of a pathological muscle to sustain an efficient regenerative process. This Special Issue aims to bring together a collection of original research and review articles addressing the intriguing field of the cellular and molecular players involved in muscle homeostasis and regeneration and to suggest potential therapeutic approaches for degenerating muscle disease.

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Katona, Jozsef, and A. Kovari. "EEG-based Computer Control Interface for Brain-Machine Interaction." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 11, no. 6 (November 5, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v11i6.5119.

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Recently more and more research methods are available to observe brain activity; for instance, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), Electroencephalograph (EEG) or Magnetoencephalography (MEG), which provide new research opportunities for several applications. For example, control methods based on the evaluation of measurable signals of human brain activity. In the past few years, more mobile EEG (electroencephalogram) based brain activity biosensor and signal processing devices have become available not only for medical examinations, but also to be used in different scopes; for instance, in control applications. These methods provide completely new possibilities in human-machine interactions by digital signal processing of brain signals. In this study, the program model, the establishment, the implementation and the test results of the quantitative EEG-based computer control interface, protocol and digital signal processing application are demonstrated. The user-friendly visualization of the evaluated brain wave signals is implemented in visual C# object-oriented language. This EEG-based control unit and interface provides an adequate basis for further research in different fields of brain-machine control methods regarding the examination of possible machine control applications.

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Stancin, Igor, Mario Cifrek, and Alan Jovic. "A Review of EEG Signal Features and Their Application in Driver Drowsiness Detection Systems." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 3786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113786.

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Detecting drowsiness in drivers, especially multi-level drowsiness, is a difficult problem that is often approached using neurophysiological signals as the basis for building a reliable system. In this context, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are the most important source of data to achieve successful detection. In this paper, we first review EEG signal features used in the literature for a variety of tasks, then we focus on reviewing the applications of EEG features and deep learning approaches in driver drowsiness detection, and finally we discuss the open challenges and opportunities in improving driver drowsiness detection based on EEG. We show that the number of studies on driver drowsiness detection systems has increased in recent years and that future systems need to consider the wide variety of EEG signal features and deep learning approaches to increase the accuracy of detection.

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Hadwiger, Jeffrey A., and Hoai-Nghia Nguyen. "MAPKs in development: insights from Dictyostelium signaling pathways." BioMolecular Concepts 2, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2011): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc.2011.004.

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AbstractMitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in the development of eukaryotic organisms through the regulation of signal transduction pathways stimulated by external signals. MAPK signaling pathways have been associated with the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and chemotaxis, indicating that MAPKs contribute to a diverse set of developmental processes. In most eukaryotes, the diversity of external signals is likely to far exceed the diversity of MAPKs, suggesting that multiple signaling pathways might share MAPKs. Do different signaling pathways converge before MAPK function or can MAPKs maintain signaling specificity through interactions with specific proteins? The genetic and biochemical analysis of MAPK pathways in simple eukaryotes such as Dictyostelium offers opportunities to investigate functional specificity of MAPKs in G-protein-mediated signal transduction pathways. This review considers the regulation and specificity of MAPK function in pathways that control Dictyostelium growth and development.

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O'Leary, Daniel E. "A Signal Theory Model for Continuous Monitoring and Intelligence Systems." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2020-005.

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ABSTRACT Continuous monitoring and intelligence systems analyze data and text from various sources and use that information to monitor risk, controls, reputations, companies, people, opportunities, competition, and other concerns. We summarize some of the previous literature for such systems and the capabilities of existing continuous monitoring systems. Unfortunately, there has been limited theoretical development for such systems. We view the monitored information sources as providing information signals relating to events, activities, issues, etc. Systems must choose what information sources to monitor and gather information from. Unfortunately, choice of such source systems is not a straightforward problem, but must account for time, cost, redundancy, reliability, relevance, information asymmetries, weak signals, and other issues. Further, analytics must be generated to monitor signals created from the information sources to gather the information needed for the system. Accordingly, this paper generates and applies a signal theory model to address these issues.

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Danilov, V. N. "ABOUT INFLUENCE OF THICKNESS OF A LAYER OF A CONTACT LIQUID ON AMPLITUDE ECHO SIGNAL THE NORMAL PROBE WITH DIFFERENT NUMBER OF REFLECTIONS FROM A BOTTOM SURFACE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 283 (January 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.01.pp.004-015.

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With use of the analytical description of coefficient of reflection of a bottom signal from area of contact of a sample and the normal probe growing with increase of frequency of fluctuations transmitted and a registered longitudinal wave and thickness of a layer of a contact liquid, computer modeling spectra and pulses of signals of models of direct converters with frequencies 5; 7,5; 10 МГц for number of reflections from a ground surface from 1 up to 3 is carried out. It is established, that with growth of thickness of a layer of a contact liquid and frequency of the probe values of maxima of pulses of the second and third bottom signals concerning a maximum of the first bottom signal are increased. Comparison settlement for model and experimental values for the direct converter frequency 5 MHz (P111-5,0-K6-002) relative maxima of pulses of the second and third bottom signals has shown their provisional conformity for thickness of a layer of a contact liquid of 0,004 mm. The account of factor of reflection of a bottom signal from area of contact of a sample and the probe may be useful at calculation of amplitudes ground echo signals longitudinal waves for samples of metal with the purpose of increase of opportunities of correct interpretation of research by a ultrasonic method of its structure.

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Roy, Vandana, Prashant Kumar Shukla, Amit Kumar Gupta, Vikas Goel, Piyush Kumar Shukla, and Shailja Shukla. "Taxonomy on EEG Artifacts Removal Methods, Issues, and Healthcare Applications." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 33, no. 1 (January 2021): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2021010102.

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Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are progressively growing data widely known as biomedical big data, which is applied in biomedical and healthcare research. The measurement and processing of EEG signal result in the probability of signal contamination through artifacts which can obstruct the important features and information quality existing in the signal. To diagnose the human neurological diseases like epilepsy, tumors, and problems associated with trauma, these artifacts must be properly pruned assuring that there is no loss of the main attributes of EEG signals. In this paper, the latest and updated information in terms of important key features are arranged and tabulated extensively by considering the 60 published technical research papers based on EEG artifact removal method. Moreover, the paper is a review vision about the works in the area of EEG applied to healthcare and summarizes the challenges, research gaps, and opportunities to improve the EEG big data artifacts removal more precisely.

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Frasier, Kaitlin E. "A machine learning pipeline for classification of cetacean echolocation clicks in large underwater acoustic datasets." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): e1009613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009613.

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Machine learning algorithms, including recent advances in deep learning, are promising for tools for detection and classification of broadband high frequency signals in passive acoustic recordings. However, these methods are generally data-hungry and progress has been limited by challenges related to the lack of labeled datasets adequate for training and testing. Large quantities of known and as yet unidentified broadband signal types mingle in marine recordings, with variability introduced by acoustic propagation, source depths and orientations, and interacting signals. Manual classification of these datasets is unmanageable without an in-depth knowledge of the acoustic context of each recording location. A signal classification pipeline is presented which combines unsupervised and supervised learning phases with opportunities for expert oversight to label signals of interest. The method is illustrated with a case study using unsupervised clustering to identify five toothed whale echolocation click types and two anthropogenic signal categories. These categories are used to train a deep network to classify detected signals in either averaged time bins or as individual detections, in two independent datasets. Bin-level classification achieved higher overall precision (>99%) than click-level classification. However, click-level classification had the advantage of providing a label for every signal, and achieved higher overall recall, with overall precision from 92 to 94%. The results suggest that unsupervised learning is a viable solution for efficiently generating the large, representative training sets needed for applications of deep learning in passive acoustics.

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Zboiński, Marek, Paweł Lindstedt, and Maciej Deliś. "Opportunities of Evaluation Diagnostic Test Results of Roller Bearings from Signals Correlation of Bearing and its Environment / Możliwości Oceny Wyników Badań Diagnostycznych Łożysk Tocznych Z Korelacji Sygnałów Łożyska I Jego Otoczenia." Journal of KONBiN 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0026.

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Abstract The article discusses the opportunities of evaluation results of ball bearings diagnostic tests including signals from bearing and its environment. Diagnostic signals are obtained tribological methods, signals from environment functional methods. Relations between the two signals are described autocorrelation functions and cross. It has been shown that for a small number of measurements (3, 4) diagnostic thresholds μ+σ, μ+2σ, μ+3σ are reliable if covariance γxy2 will be close to 1, and the strengthening of amplitude |A|2 is close to 0.

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Kotsis, Vasilios, Christina Antza, and Stella Stabouli. "Pathophysiology of Early Vascular Ageing-Opportunities for Treatment." Open Hypertension Journal 5, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876526201305010058.

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The story of vascular ageing was first described in the seventeenth century when Thomas Sydenham wrote that ‘A man is as old as his arteries’. This aphorism was returned to publicity lately when Peter Nilsson reintroduced the concept of early vascular ageing. As vascular ageing is described a gradual process involving biochemical, enzymatic, and cellular changes of the vasculature and modification of the signals that modulate them. In susceptible individuals this process appears to be accelerated, leading to features that comprise a condition characterized as early vascular aging (EVA). Early vascular ageing represents the acceleration of the vascular ageing process.

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Mazzotti, Diego R., Diane C. Lim, Kate Sutherland, Lia Bittencourt, Jesse W. Mindel, Ulysses Magalang, Allan I. Pack, Philip de Chazal, and Thomas Penzel. "Opportunities for utilizing polysomnography signals to characterize obstructive sleep apnea subtypes and severity." Physiological Measurement 39, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 09TR01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aad5fe.

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Yoon, Janghyeok, and Kwangsoo Kim. "Detecting signals of new technological opportunities using semantic patent analysis and outlier detection." Scientometrics 90, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0543-2.

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Budiarso, Novi Swandari, and Winston Pontoh. "Does maturity signals high risk and high return?" Indonesia Accounting Journal 1, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/iaj.25404.

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The objective of this study is to examine the interaction between firm maturity and firm growth opportunities over risk and its impact on returns. This study uses 135 firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2010 to 2016 as sample which gives 945 as total observed data. This study conducts path analysis in term for hypothesis testing and finds that firm maturity has significant role to increase the risk which gives impact on increasing the returns. In context of Indonesian firms, the findings imply that mature firms will have higher risk and higher returns.

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Qin, Caijie, Xiaohua Wang, Guangjun Xu, and Xibo Ma. "Advances in Cuffless Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Technology Based on PPG Signals." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 1, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8094351.

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Objective. To review the progress of research on photoplethysmography- (PPG-) based cuffless continuous blood pressure monitoring technologies and prospect the challenges that need to be addressed in the future. Methods. Using Web of Science and PubMed as search engines, the literature on cuffless continuous blood pressure studies using PPG signals in the recent five years were searched. Results. Based on the retrieved literature, this paper describes the available open datasets, commonly used signal preprocessing methods, and model evaluation criteria. Early researches employed multisite PPG signals to calculate pulse wave velocity or time and predicted blood pressure by a simple linear equation. Later, extensive researches were dedicated to mine the features of PPG signals related to blood pressure and regressed blood pressure by machine learning models. Most recently, many researches have emerged to experiment with complex deep learning models for blood pressure prediction with the raw PPG signal as input. Conclusion. This paper summarized the methods in the retrieved literature, provided insight into the artificial intelligence algorithms employed in the literature, and concluded with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for the development of cuffless continuous blood pressure monitoring technologies.

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Hopkins, Ed. "Competitive Altruism, Mentalizing, and Signaling." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.6.4.272.

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One explanation of altruism is that it arises from “mentalizing,” the process of understanding the mental states of others. Another is based on sexual selection: altruism is a costly signal of good genes. This paper shows that these two arguments are stronger together in that altruists who can mentalize have a greater advantage over nonaltruists when they can signal their type, even though these signals are costly, when such signaling allows better matching opportunities. Finally, it shows how mentalizing leads to higher payoffs for both partners in a long-term relationship, modeled as a repeated game with private monitoring. (JEL C73, D64, D82)

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Tuncaboylu, Deniz Ceylan, and Christian Wischke. "Opportunities and Challenges of Switchable Materials for Pharmaceutical Use." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112331.

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Switchable polymeric materials, which can respond to triggering signals through changes in their properties, have become a major research focus for parenteral controlled delivery systems. They may enable externally induced drug release or delivery that is adaptive to in vivo stimuli. Despite the promise of new functionalities using switchable materials, several of these concepts may need to face challenges associated with clinical use. Accordingly, this review provides an overview of various types of switchable polymers responsive to different types of stimuli and addresses opportunities and challenges that may arise from their application in biomedicine.

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Guo, Hang, Ji Wan, Haobin Wang, Hanxiang Wu, Chen Xu, Liming Miao, Mengdi Han, and Haixia Zhang. "Self-Powered Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction for Handwriting Recognition." Research 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/4689869.

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Handwritten signatures widely exist in our daily lives. The main challenge of signal recognition on handwriting is in the development of approaches to obtain information effectively. External mechanical signals can be easily detected by triboelectric nanogenerators which can provide immediate opportunities for building new types of active sensors capable of recording handwritten signals. In this work, we report an intelligent human-machine interaction interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. Using the horizontal-vertical symmetrical electrode array, the handwritten triboelectric signal can be recorded without external energy supply. Combined with supervised machine learning methods, it can successfully recognize handwritten English letters, Chinese characters, and Arabic numerals. The principal component analysis algorithm preprocesses the triboelectric signal data to reduce the complexity of the neural network in the machine learning process. Further, it can realize the anticounterfeiting recognition of writing habits by controlling the samples input to the neural network. The results show that the intelligent human-computer interaction interface has broad application prospects in signature security and human-computer interaction.

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Long, Michael S., and John A. Polonchek. "Who Is Signalling Whom With Stock Repurchases?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v5i4.6332.

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This research develops a model to justify share repurchase and presents consistent empirical data to justify the model. IN the model signals travel both ways form the managers to the market and back from the market to the managers. Share repurchases result from the backward signals when managers receive signals from the market to revise expectations for future investment opportunities and reassess their beliefs downward. The excess cash that results from lower investment levels being undertaken than planned is used to repurchase their own stock.

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Cisek, Paul, and John F. Kalaska. "Simultaneous Encoding of Multiple Potential Reach Directions in Dorsal Premotor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00443.2001.

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We present evidence that the primate brain can simultaneously generate discrete directional signals related to multiple alternative reaching actions before making a decision between them. A monkey performed a task in which the correct target for a reaching movement was specified during two consecutive instructed-delay periods. First, two potential targets were presented; and second, a nonspatial cue identified one of them as the correct movement target. During the first period, two directional signals coexisted in the activity of cells in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), oriented toward the two potential targets. During the second period, one of these disappeared and the remaining signal predicted the monkey's response choice. These results suggest that, when faced with multiple salient opportunities for reaching, the primate brain performs sensorimotor transformations in parallel to begin planning several reaching movements simultaneously before selecting one for overt execution.

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Raney, Jordan R., Neel Nadkarni, Chiara Daraio, Dennis M. Kochmann, Jennifer A. Lewis, and Katia Bertoldi. "Stable propagation of mechanical signals in soft media using stored elastic energy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 12, 2016): 9722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604838113.

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Soft structures with rationally designed architectures capable of large, nonlinear deformation present opportunities for unprecedented, highly tunable devices and machines. However, the highly dissipative nature of soft materials intrinsically limits or prevents certain functions, such as the propagation of mechanical signals. Here we present an architected soft system composed of elastomeric bistable beam elements connected by elastomeric linear springs. The dissipative nature of the polymer readily damps linear waves, preventing propagation of any mechanical signal beyond a short distance, as expected. However, the unique architecture of the system enables propagation of stable, nonlinear solitary transition waves with constant, controllable velocity and pulse geometry over arbitrary distances. Because the high damping of the material removes all other linear, small-amplitude excitations, the desired pulse propagates with high fidelity and controllability. This phenomenon can be used to control signals, as demonstrated by the design of soft mechanical diodes and logic gates.

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Gu, Jian-Wei, Paola Rizzo, Antonio Pannuti, Todd Golde, Barbara Osborne, and Lucio Miele. "Notch signals in the endothelium and cancer "stem-like" cells: opportunities for cancer therapy." Vascular Cell 4, no. 1 (2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2045-824x-4-7.

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Yoon, Janghyeok. "Detecting weak signals for long-term business opportunities using text mining of Web news." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 16 (November 2012): 12543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.04.059.

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Konopel'kin, M. Yu, S. V. Petrov, and D. A. Smirnyagina. "Implementation of stochastic signal processing algorithms in radar CAD." Russian Technological Journal 10, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-49-59.

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Objectives. In 2020, development work on the creation of a Russian computer-assisted design system for radars (radar CAD) was completed. Radar CAD provides extensive opportunities for creating simulation models for developing the hardware-software complex of radar algorithms, which take into account the specific conditions of aerospace environment observation. The purpose of the present work is to review and demonstrate the capabilities of radar CAD in terms of implementing and testing algorithms for processing stochastic signals.Methods. The work is based on the mathematical apparatus of linear algebra. Analysis of algorithms characteristics was carried out using the simulation method.Results. A simulation model of a sector surveillance radar with a digital antenna array was created in the radar CAD visual functional editor. The passive channel included the following algorithms: algorithm for detecting stochastic signals; algorithm for estimating the number of stochastic signals; direction finding algorithm for stochastic signal sources; adaptive spatial filtering algorithm. In the process of simulation, the algorithms for detecting and estimating the number of stochastic signals produced a correct detection sign and an estimate of the number of signals. The direction-finding algorithm estimated the angular position of the sources with an accuracy of fractions of degrees. The adaptive spatial filtering algorithm suppressed interfering signals to a level below the antenna's intrinsic noise power.Conclusions. The processing of various types of signals can be simulated in detail on the basis of the Russian radar CAD system for the development of functional radar models. According to the results of the simulation, coordinates of observing objects were obtained and an assessment of the effectiveness of the algorithms was given. The obtained results are fully consistent with the theoretical prediction. The capabilities of radar CAD systems demonstrated in this work can be used by specialists in the field of radar and signal processing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Signals Of Opportunities'

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