Journal articles on the topic 'Signals and signaling, Automobile Research'
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1
Horvat, Rajko, Berislav Barišić-Jaman, Gordan Mršić, Igor Špoljarić, Andro Vrdoljak, and Ivan Pehar. "Method of Light Bulbs Analysis on Vehicles Damaged in Traffic Accidents." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i4.191.
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One of the measures to increase road traffic safety in Croatia is the introduction of obligatory use of daily lights on vehicles in road traffic during driving, regardless of the visibility and the time of day. The paper describes the new original technical and technological procedure of analysing automotive light bulbs in order to find the traces of glass particles of the broken glass balloon in the marginal cases of action of small inertia forces generated as result of a traffic accident. Investigations of light bulbs in traffic accidents had been rarely done before; therefore the subject of this scientific research is the analysis of the light bulb filament used in automobiles to light the road ahead and to give light signals, i.e. all the light signalling devices on the automobile using the new technical and technological procedure by means of SEM/EDX method. The scientific research has improved the investigation procedure in analysing the light bulbs on automobiles in determining whether at the moment of the traffic accident the regulatory lights were switched on. In determining the responsibility of participants for causing the traffic accident, such a fact may sometimes be of crucial significance. KEY WORDS: traffic accident, light bulb, technical and technological procedure, lights in traffic, microscope, molten glass particles
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Sivak, Michael, Michael Flannagan, and Paul L. Olson. "Brake Lamp Photometrics and Automobile Rear Signaling." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 29, no. 5 (October 1987): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088702900503.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of lamp photometrics to differentiation between brake and presence signals. To assess this relationship, signal identification was evaluated as a function of lamp photometrics under simulated dusk/dawn conditions. The following were the main results: (1) Luminous intensity was a better predictor of signal identification than was average luminance. (2) The likelihood of identifying a signal as a brake signal was a monotonic function of lamp intensity. (3) Reaction time was positively related to the degree of subjects' uncertainty (as measured by the relative likelihood of “brake” responses): reaction time was slowest when the likelihood of “brake” or “presence” responses was close to 50%, and it decreased as the likelihood increased or decreased away from 50%. (4) Reaction time in a condition simulating typical U.S. rear-lighting configuration was significantly faster than in a condition simulating typical European configuration. The present results provide support for retaining luminous intensity as the relevant parameter of automobile brake-lighting specifications. Furthermore, these results argue against reducing the current minimum of 80 cd for the brake-lamp luminous intensity.
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Yu, Miao, Lu Shuai, Jiang Wei Guo, and Jie Fu. "Research on Environmental Durability Testing System for Automobile Engine ECU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2855.
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Based on the principle and specifications of Environmental Durability Test on automobile engine ECU, an open, intelligent and practical ECU durability testing system (EDTS) is designed. The system consisted of a simulation platform and a testing management software. The platform provided stimulating sensor signals and simulation loads, and an online automotive environment was built. The management software sent various instructions to set up the platform and read the ECU running status data. And this EDTS has been applied to test a kind of domestic automobile engine ECU．The experimental results shows that the mean time to failure (MTTF) of ECU samples was improved and the testing period was shortened greatly.
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Song, Xiedong, and Wei Yang. "Research on the Sound Quality Evaluation Method Based on Artificial Neural Network." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8686785.
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For the improvement of the traditional evaluation effect of the automobile sound quality, an evaluation model of automobile sound quality is constructed based on BP neural network. The first is to introduce the basic principle of the BP neural network in detail. The second is to use the MGC parameters to establish the vehicle interior sound conversion model. The converted sound characteristic parameters are taken into the WORLD model to synthesize the new sound signals. Furthermore, the wavelet decomposition method is used to remove noise from the synthesized sound signals. Finally, a sound evaluation model based on BP neural network is established. The sound quality of automobiles can be better evaluated by carrying out the ABX test and MOS test in the field of sound conversion. For the newly synthesized sound signal and the target sound signal, it can be seen that the newly synthesized sound signal is more inclined to the target sound signal, and the sound quality is better. In addition, the sound quality is tested through loudness, roughness, sharpness, and level A in the field of sound quality evaluation. The final results show that the quality of newly synthesized sound is better, and the average errors of sound signals meet the sound standard. Therefore, the constructed sound conversion model and the sound evaluation model are feasible and effective.
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Luo, Yan Jie, Jia Chen Li, and Yun Fei Mai. "Simulation and Inertial Force Research of Three-Channel Hydraulic Loading Test Bench." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1331.
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This paper states the control principle of the three-channel hydraulic loading test bench for automobile steering gear test. The test bench model considering inertial force is constructed and simulated. The Integral-Separated PID control algorithm is adopted to optimize control effect and the respond features of the input signals are analyzed. The simulation results show that the system works steadily, the accuracy of synchronization control is better and the tracking control achieves well.
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Shkrabak, Roman Vladimirovich. "Device for automatic determination of inclination angles of means of mechani-zation of technological processes in agro-industrial complex." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i5pp103-106.
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The article describes the problem associated with the loss of stability of means of mechanization of agro-industrial processes by machine-tractor units (transport, stealing, automobile and automobile trains, combines, and lifting cranes). It is noted that this circumstance leads to overturns, accidents, injuries, fires, often accompanied by fatalities. In support of the above, information is summarized on the number of injuries among women and men in the country's agro-industrial enterprises (including lethal ones). It is noted that this is due to the fact that these units are not equipped with devices that signal, automatically notify operators operating in conditions of irregularities in the terrain of fields and roads (mountainous areas) about the achievements of maximum inclination angles, the excess of which leads to overturns. In order to eliminate these situations, a device is justified and based on extensive research, automatically signalling and visually and soundly about reaching the limit angles (for a given machine) of stability in order to take measures by the operator to prevent overturning. Equipping these machines with the proposed innovative device will eliminate the possibility of overturns and related accidents, injuries, fires, providing a socio-economic effect.
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Kharouf, Husni, Donald J. Lund, Alexandra Krallman, and Chris Pullig. "A signaling theory approach to relationship recovery." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 9 (June 30, 2020): 2139–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2019-0751.
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Purpose Drawing on signaling theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the strength and framing of firm signals sent to repair relationships following relationship violations. Design/methodology/approach Three 2 × 2 scenario-based experiments (total n = 527) manipulate signal strength × violation type (Study 1); signal frame × violation type (Study 2); and signal strength × brand familiarity (Study 3) to examine their dynamic impacts on relationship recovery efforts. Findings Stronger signals are more effective at relationship repair and are especially important following integrity (vs competence) violations. Signals framed as customer gains (vs firm costs) lead to more favorable relationship outcomes. Finally, brands that are less (vs more) familiar see greater benefits from strong signals. Research limitations/implications The three experiments were scenario-based, which may not replicate real-life behavior or capture participants’ actual emotions following a violation, thus future research should extend into real-world recovery efforts. Practical implications Managers should send strong signals (communicating the level of resources invested in the recovery efforts) framed as benefits to the customer, rather than costs to the firm. Strong signals are especially important when brand familiarity is low or an integrity violation has occurred. Originality/value This is the first research to directly apply signaling theory to the relationship recovery process and contributes to theory by examining the role of signal strength; framing of the signal as a customer gain vs firm cost; and the interplay of signal strength and brand familiarity on the relationship recovery effort.
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Jacob, Stefan, Sri Bühring, and Katharina Bersching. "Recent Advances in Research on Molecular Mechanisms of Fungal Signaling." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 840–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020055.
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Biochemical signaling is one of the key mechanisms to coordinate a living organism in all aspects of its life. It is still enigmatic how exactly cells and organisms deal with environmental signals and irritations precisely because of the limited number of signaling proteins and a multitude of transitions inside and outside the cell. Many components of signaling pathways are functionally pleiotropic, which means they have several functions. A single stimulus often results in multiple responses, a distinct response can be triggered by numerous stimuli and signals initiated by different stimuli are often transduced via commonly used network components. This review sheds light on the most important molecular mechanisms of cellular signaling in fungi and consequently provides a comprehensive overview about the current state of research on the road to understand the impact of signal transduction in eukaryotic microorganisms.
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Du, Canyi, Rui Zhong, Yishen Zhuo, Xinyu Zhang, Feifei Yu, Feng Li, Ying Rong, and Yongkang Gong. "Research on fault diagnosis of automobile engines based on the deep learning 1D-CNN method." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac4834.
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Abstract Traditional engine fault diagnosis methods usually need to extract the features manually before classifying them by the pattern recognition method, which makes it difficult to solve the end-to-end fault diagnosis problem. In recent years, deep learning has been applied in different fields, bringing considerable convenience to technological change, and its application in the automotive field also has many applications, such as image recognition, language processing, and assisted driving. In this paper, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) in deep learning is used to process vibration signals to achieve fault diagnosis and classification. By collecting the vibration signal data of different engine working conditions, the collected data are organized into several sets of data in a working cycle, which are divided into a training sample set and a test sample set. Then, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model is built in Python to allow the feature filter (convolution kernel) to learn the data from the training set and these convolution checks process the input data of the test set. Convolution and pooling extract features to output to a new space, which is characterized by learning features directly from the original vibration signals and completing fault diagnosis. The experimental results show that the pattern recognition method based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network can be effectively applied to engine fault diagnosis and has higher diagnostic accuracy than traditional methods.
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Colombo, Oskar. "The Use of Signals in New-Venture Financing: A Review and Research Agenda." Journal of Management 47, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206320911090.
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The use of signals to overcome information asymmetries and reduce the uncertainty inherent in resource acquisition has become a prominent theme in new-venture financing literature. In particular, the assessment of a wide range of different information signals, with the aim of conveying a venture’s quality and legitimacy to prospective investors, is receiving increased scholarly attention. With contributions from a broad spectrum of diverse research foci investigating interactions with distinct types of investors, the literature on entrepreneurial signaling in new-venture financing has become fragmented, and this is harming further development of the field. This study systematically reviews the different literature streams on entrepreneurial signaling to provide a more integrative framework, which can contribute to the cumulative and evidence-based body of knowledge about the role of entrepreneurial signaling in new-venture financing. Furthermore, the authors identify critical sender-, signal-, receiver-, and environment-related boundary conditions that influence the signaling effectiveness. In this way, the authors identify gaps in the existing literature and map directions for future research.
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Faull, R. J., and M. H. Ginsberg. "Inside-out signaling through integrins." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 8 (August 1996): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v781091.
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Rapid and yet precisely controlled changes in cell adhesion are a hallmark of a number of basic physiological processes. Many of these processes directly impact upon nephrology, including: (1) cell migration, which occurs during leukocyte infiltration into inflammatory sites (e.g., in glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and renal transplant rejection) and during embryogenesis (e.g., in development of the genitourinary system): and (2) platelet aggregation at sites of clot formation (e.g., in glomerulonephritis). The integrins are a family of adhesion molecules whose function is controlled by the cells that express them, and this properly makes them eminently suitable receptors for those situations that demand flexibility of the cellular adhesive phenotype. The control of integrin function occurs via regulatory signals that originate within the cell cytoplasm and are then transmitted to the external ligand-binding domain of the receptor. The generation and transmission of these "inside-out" signals are the subjects of intensive research that will be summarized in this review article.
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Yao, Tanyue, and Li Mo. "How to stand out in the “lemon market”? application of signaling theory in live streaming commerce." SHS Web of Conferences 140 (2022): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214001027.
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Live streaming commerce innovatively combines e-commerce and live streaming, and it is booming. However, like traditional e-commerce, live streaming commerce is facing challenges from “lemon market”. The article applies signaling theory from a perspective of game theory and finds that high-quality sellers can stand out in the market by releasing two kinds of additional signals, which are signals that increase cost and signals that increase risk, and proposes relevant research hypotheses. Then, the researcher designs an experiment to explore how the additional signals affect the audiences’ purchase intention. The data collected shows that additional signals increasing cost can improve audiences’ purchase intension through improving the product quality and sellers’ credibility perceived by the audience while additional signals increasing risk cannot achieve the same effect. At the end, possible explanations for the unproven hypothesis and further research directions are provided.
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Liebl, Magdalena C., and Thomas G. Hofmann. "The Role of p53 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092125.
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The transcription factor p53 functions as a critical tumor suppressor by orchestrating a plethora of cellular responses such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, cell death, cell differentiation, and metabolism. In unstressed cells, p53 levels are kept low due to its polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. In response to various stress signals, including DNA damage and aberrant growth signals, the interaction between p53 and MDM2 is blocked and p53 becomes stabilized, allowing p53 to regulate a diverse set of cellular responses mainly through the transactivation of its target genes. The outcome of p53 activation is controlled by its dynamics, its interactions with other proteins, and post-translational modifications. Due to its involvement in several tumor-suppressing pathways, p53 function is frequently impaired in human cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TP53 gene is mutated in 43% of tumors, and the remaining tumors often have compromised p53 functioning because of alterations in the genes encoding proteins involved in p53 regulation, such as ATM (13%) or DNA-PKcs (11%). TP53 mutations in CRC are usually missense mutations that impair wild-type p53 function (loss-of-function) and that even might provide neo-morphic (gain-of-function) activities such as promoting cancer cell stemness, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, thereby promoting cancer progression. Although the first compounds targeting p53 are in clinical trials, a better understanding of wild-type and mutant p53 functions will likely pave the way for novel CRC therapies.
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Zakaria, Kamarul Ariffin, Shahrum Abdullah, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, and Mahfodzah M. Padzi. "Fatigue Damage Assessment of the Engine Mount Bracket Using a Statistical Based Approach." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1631.
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Fatigue damage assessment is very important in design process of the component to determine their durability under service loading conditions. In service, the great majority of structures and components are subjected to stress of variable amplitude loading. The purpose of this research is to analyse statistically of two types of strain signals from road loading and compare their effect on fatigue damage of the engine mount bracket. Strain gauges were attached to the engine mount bracket and were connected to the data acquisition set in order to capture the actual strain signals when an automobile was driven on two different road surfaces. The strain signals were then analysed using global signal statistic and integrated kurtosis based algorithm for Z-filter (I-kaz) method. Meanwhile, damage of the engine mount bracket was evaluated using finite element commercial software. From the analysis, it was found that the fatigue damage showed an increment with the respective statistical values of the strain signals.
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Hubert Sar, Mateusz Brukalski, and Krzysztof Rokicki. "Research on Curvilinear Motion of Automobile with the Application of On-Board Can Bus Data." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): B211—B218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.3.b211-b218.
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Modelling of vehicle’s motion is one of the solutions applied in the research of automotive safety. There is always a discussion which model should be used for computer simulation. Models with higher number of degrees of freedom require identification of many parameters, which are usually difficult to obtain. So, very often relatively simple flat model of vehicle’s motion is applied. It needs only such parameters as mass of a vehicle, location of centre of gravity from front and rear axle, yaw mass moment of inertia and side slip characteristics of the front and rear axle. In this paper the upper mentioned model was applied, considering different side slip characteristics of the front and rear axle. The scenario of vehicle’s motion was based on random changes of steering wheel angle during the road test, recording signals from on-board CAN (Controller Area Network) bus of automobile simultaneously, which were further applied in simulation.
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Xu, Wen, Bei Wang, Yisong Gao, Yuxuan Cai, Jiali Zhang, Zhiyin Wu, Jiameng Wei, Chong Guo, and Chengfu Yuan. "Alkaloids Exhibit a Meaningful Function as Anticancer Agents by Restraining Cellular Signaling Pathways." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 7 (April 2022): 968–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557521666211007114935.
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Abstract: Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing organic compounds widely found in natural products, which play an essential role in clinical treatment. Cellular signaling pathways in tumors are a series of enzymatic reaction pathways that convert extracellular signals into intracellular signals to produce biological effects. The ordered function of cell signaling pathways is essential for tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and programmed death. This review describes the antitumor progression mediated by various alkaloids after inhibiting classical signaling pathways; related studies are systematically retrieved and collected through PubMed. We selected the four currently most popular pathways for discussion and introduced the molecular mechanisms mediated by alkaloids in different signaling pathways, including the NF-kB signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and P53 signaling pathway. The research progress of alkaloids related to tumor signal transduction pathwa
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Spyridakis, Jan H. "Signaling Effects: A Review of the Research—Part I." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 19, no. 3 (July 1989): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ua49-pq9k-h1mn-dyk9.
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This article reviews previous research on the effects of certain structural cues, called signals, that affect a reader's comprehension of expository prose. It concludes that the inconsistent results of many studies may be due to inadequate methodologies that have failed to control for confounding variables, such as text length and difficulty, reader familiarity with the topic, and timing of comprehension tests. Further, accepted signal types (headings, logical connectives, and previews) have not been sufficiently examined for their individual effects, perhaps creating unidentified disordinal interactions that could preclude the possibility of researchers identifying significant effects. This article concludes with recommendations for more valid research methodology to be used in prose assessment studies. The next issue of this journal will present Part II of this article, which details a new study of signaling effects for readers of expository prose, a study that is based on the refined methodology suggested in this article.
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Kim, Hyeon Jin, Han Na Lee, Mi Suk Jeong, and Se Bok Jang. "Oncogenic KRAS: Signaling and Drug Resistance." Cancers 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 5599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225599.
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RAS proteins play a role in many physiological signals transduction processes, including cell growth, division, and survival. The Ras protein has amino acids 188-189 and functions as GTPase. These proteins are switch molecules that cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). KRAS is one of the Ras superfamily isoforms (N-RAS, H-RAS, and K-RAS) that frequently mutate in cancer. The mutation of KRAS is essentially performing the transformation in humans. Since most RAS proteins belong to GTPase, mutated and GTP-bound active RAS is found in many cancers. Despite KRAS being an important molecule in mostly human cancer, including pancreatic and breast, numerous efforts in years past have persisted in cancer therapy targeting KRAS mutant. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of these proteins and the recent progress in the exploration of KRAS-targeted anticancer, leading to new insight.
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Bettaieb, Louay, Maxime Brulé, Axel Chomy, Mel Diedro, Malory Fruit, Eloise Happernegg, Leila Heni, et al. "Ca2+ Signaling and Its Potential Targeting in Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123085.
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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a major cause of cancer-associated mortality in Western countries (and estimated to be the second cause of cancer deaths by 2030). The main form of PC is pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death, and this situation has remained virtually unchanged for several decades. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is inherently linked to the unique physiology and microenvironment of the exocrine pancreas, such as pH, mechanical stress, and hypoxia. Of them, calcium (Ca2+) signals, being pivotal molecular devices in sensing and integrating signals from the microenvironment, are emerging to be particularly relevant in cancer. Mutations or aberrant expression of key proteins that control Ca2+ levels can cause deregulation of Ca2+-dependent effectors that control signaling pathways determining the cells’ behavior in a way that promotes pathophysiological cancer hallmarks, such as enhanced proliferation, survival and invasion. So far, it is essentially unknown how the cancer-associated Ca2+ signaling is regulated within the characteristic landscape of PDAC. This work provides a complete overview of the Ca2+ signaling and its main players in PDAC. Special consideration is given to the Ca2+ signaling as a potential target in PDAC treatment and its role in drug resistance.
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Paik, Anthony, and Vernon Woodley. "Symbols and investments as signals: Courtship behaviors in adolescent sexual relationships." Rationality and Society 24, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463111412719.
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Both structural and cultural arguments suggest that extensive relationship-building behaviors are a precursor to the onset of sexual intercourse. This research develops and tests a game-theoretic signaling framework, which suggests that the association between courtship behaviors and the onset of sexual intercourse should reflect selection effects. To test this framework empirically, this research utilized the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994–1996) and estimated probit and recursive bivariate probit models of sexual intercourse. The results showed support for the signaling framework. Extensive use of courtship behaviors was associated with sexual intercourse, but this association reflected the effects of selectivity. However, extensive courtship was more associated with sexual intercourse when adolescents did not know one another well prior to the start of their romantic relationships. These findings suggest that selectivity associated with signaling theory can complement models of cultural influence and structural effects.
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Gonzalez-Martinez, David, Lee Roth, Thomas Mumford, Yael Mosse, Asmin Tulpule, Trever Bivona, and Lukasz Jan Bugaj. "Abstract 848: Inhibition of RTK fusion condensates enhances signal perception and promotes drug tolerance." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-848.
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Abstract Drug resistance remains a significant obstacle in the successful treatment of cancer, highlighting the critical need to understand how oncogenes and cancer drugs impact cell physiology and resistance development. EML4-ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) fusion oncogene that drives 3-7% of lung cancer. Despite potent ALK inhibitors, EML4-ALK+ cancers frequently develop resistance during therapy. Recently, it was discovered that EML4-ALK and other RTK fusions form cytoplasmic protein condensates, and that condensate formation was required for oncogenic signaling. However, whether oncogenic condensates play a role in drug responses is unclear. In this study, we applied an optogenetic technique called ‘functional profiling’ to understand how EML4-ALK condensates impact cell signal transmission and drug response. Using light-stimulated RTKs, we found that EML4-ALK condensates strongly suppress signaling through transmembrane RTKs, including through EGFR, a central receptor in resistance development. Strikingly, treatment with ALK inhibitors (ALKi) rapidly restored and hypersensitized RTK signaling. We found that EML4-ALK condensates suppress RTK signals through sequestration of the downstream adapter Grb2, which is essential for signaling through EGFR and other RTKs. The release of Grb2 from condensates resensitized RTKs within 10s of minutes of ALKi addition. Resensitized RTKs, in turn, caused sporadic RTK activation pulses throughout the cell population, and pulses originated from paracrine RTK signals released by apoptotic neighbors. We found that these paracrine signals counteracted ALK inhibitor therapy and promoted survival and drug tolerance. Blocking paracrine signals through co-treatment of ALKi with inhibitors of either EGFR or matrix metalloproteases enhanced cell killing and minimized long-term drug tolerance. Our study uncovers a role for oncogenic condensates in drug resistance signaling, reveals a novel mechanism for oncogene-induced suppression of RTK signaling, and suggests novel co-therapies to more effectively treat cancers driven by EML4-ALK and possibly other RTK fusions. Our work also demonstrates the potential of functional optogenetic profiling for drug discovery to promote cancer therapy. Citation Format: David Gonzalez-Martinez, Lee Roth, Thomas Mumford, Yael Mosse, Asmin Tulpule, Trever Bivona, Lukasz Jan Bugaj. Inhibition of RTK fusion condensates enhances signal perception and promotes drug tolerance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 848.
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Bi, Bo Wei, and Fang Xiao. "The Implementation of Skyhook Control for Semi-Active Suspension Based on Vi-CarRealTime." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.748.
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The research of semi active suspension control strategy once was a hot point in the field of automobile suspension [2, 3], but it is difficult to achieve for most of them. I choose VI-CarRealTime to build vehicle model based on ADAMS vehicle model. Kalman Filter designed based on 1/2 vehicle model supply control signals for controller. Considering characteristics of CDC damper, Skyhook control strategy is applied for simulation, the simulation results show that, Skyhook Control can improve vehicle ride comfort in CDC damper control range.
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Subramaniam, Mahendrakumar, Chunchu Rambabu, Gokul Chandrasekaran, and Neelam Sanjeev Kumar. "A Traffic Density-Based Congestion Control Method for VANETs." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7551535.
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This research presents a vehicle ID-based congestion aware message (CAM) for beacon signals on the vehicle environment. At the MAC protocol of the vehicle environment, enhanced vehicle ID-based analysis model is given first. With the automobile ID embedded in their separate CAMs, the model weights the randomized back-off numbers chosen by cars engaging in the back-off procedure. This leads to identifying a car ID-based randomized back-off code, which reduces the likelihood of a collision due to the identical back-off number. A traffic density based-congestion control algorithm (TDCCA) is suggested in this research. The revised mathematical approach surpasses previous work’s overall packet latency because just one-fourth of the congestion window is employed during the experiment. The research includes a congestion management method that adjusts the rate of CAM transmitted over the host controller to improve the efficiency of the model parameters. The method considers various circumstances, from nonsaturated to substantially saturated networks (in terms of congestion probability) and sparsely dispersed and teemed networks (in the form of vehicular intensity). The technique is run across various automobile ID-based back-off values for high-standard results analysis. The simulation outcomes in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, delay, success rate, and collision ensure the effectiveness of the TDCCA method. Even at high traffic densities, the automobile ID-based CAM following information method outperforms the typical fixed CAM frequency IEEE 802.11p, according to simulation findings for all back-off figures.
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Tomar, Ishu, Indu Sreedevi, and Neeta Pandey. "State-of-Art Review of Traffic Light Synchronization for Intelligent Vehicles: Current Status, Challenges, and Emerging Trends." Electronics 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030465.
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The effective control and management of traffic at intersections is a challenging issue in the transportation system. Various traffic signal management systems have been developed to improve the real-time traffic flow at junctions, but none of them have resulted in a smooth and continuous traffic flow for dealing with congestion at road intersections. Notwithstanding, the procedure of synchronizing traffic signals at nearby intersections is complicated due to numerous borders. In traditional systems, the direction of movement of vehicles, the variation in automobile traffic over time, accidents, the passing of emergency vehicles, and pedestrian crossings are not considered. Therefore, synchronizing the signals over the specific route cannot be addressed. This article explores the key role of real-time traffic signal control (TSC) technology in managing congestion at road junctions within smart cities. In addition, this article provides an insightful discussion on several traffic light synchronization research papers to highlight the practicability of networking of traffic signals of an area. It examines the benefits of synchronizing the traffic signals on various busy routes for the smooth flow of traffic at intersections.
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Bove, Liliana L., and Sabine Benoit. "Restrict, clean and protect: signaling consumer safety during the pandemic and beyond." Journal of Service Management 31, no. 6 (September 17, 2020): 1185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-05-2020-0157.
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PurposeSince the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, customers fear for their health when interacting with service providers. To mitigate this fear service providers are using safety signals directed to consumers and other stakeholders who make organizational assessments. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the range of safety signals in a framework that integrates signaling theory with servicescape elements so as to provide guidance for service providers to assist in their recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe authors extracted examples of how service providers signal safety to their consumers that the risk of infection is low in exchanging with their service. These examples were taken from secondary data sources in the form of trade publications resulting from a systematic search and supplemented by an organic search.FindingsIn total 53 unique safety signals were identified and assigned to 24 different categories in our framework. Most of the signals fell into the default and sale independent category, followed by the default contingent revenue risking category.Originality/valueThis study builds on signaling theory and service literature to develop a framework of the range of safety signals currently in use by service providers and offers suggestions as to which are likely to be most effective. Further, a future research inquiry of safety signals is presented, which the authors believe has promise in assisting recovery in a post-pandemic world.
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Forbes, Lyman M. "Is Human Factors Ready for the Automobile?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 5 (October 1985): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900508.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the role of human factors in the design of automobiles. A prime objective of our human factors profession is to improve the design of machines, thereby benefiting users in terms of comfort, convenience, operating speeds, accuracy and safety. Although the purpose of an automotive human factors program may be to achieve all of these objectives by improving vehicle design, the mechanisms for doing so probably cannot be discovered by focusing research attention on the vehicle element of the driver/vehicle/road system. In fact, the nonvehicle parts of this system are probably by far the most productive topics for future human factors research. The abilities of drivers, their limitations, and the tasks imposed upon them by the traffic environment should indicate how vehicles can be designed to best serve the drivers' needs. After twenty years of automotive study, the human factors research community is surprisingly unprepared to participate in vehicle design projects. The vehicle has too often ended up the subject of human factors research and researchers have been faced with the job of finding ways to improve the vehicle or a vehicle component without knowing enough about the intended user or the job the user must perform. The research community has only rudimentary and often incomplete background information about drivers and their traffic environments. The meager data base which is available suggests that traditional empirical approaches for evaluating machine design may be too cumbersome and time consuming to keep pace with other aspects of automotive technological evolution. The tradition of developing alternative versions of hardware and subjecting the alternatives to human performance tests may not be a viable methodology in the future. A look at the total automotive system shows why. Drivers in the United States accumulate about 1.6 trillion miles of travel each year. During the year, a typical driver makes over 60,000 discrete control operations not counting steering wheel movements. The immensity of the automotive system means that very small driver error rates in control usage quickly accumulate into large numbers of error events nationwide. The best information available suggests that the D. S. driving public uses their turn signals 854 billion times a year. This amounts to a nationwide rate of 27,000 times per second. If the generic human error rate in using the turn signal can assumed to be one error per 1000 operations, then turn signal errors are being made at the rate of 27 per second nationwide. Human factors research has tended to avoid error rate as a principal measure of performance in research programs. The reason becomes apparent when the number of tests which must be conducted to detect changes in rare events such as turn signal errors is computed. If two turn signal designs are to be compared and the researcher wants to be able to detect with 95 percent certainty (at the 5% level of significance) that the error rate has been cut in half by one of the two designs, then a large experiment is required. At a base human error rate of 1 per thousand, about 130,000 observations must be conducted to reliably detect the desired reduction in errors. If the base human error rate is only 1 in 100, then only 13,000 observations will be needed. Unfortunately, information on the frequency of driver control usage is sketchy, and data on driver error rates when using controls under the natural loading of the driving task is all but nonexistent. Other measures of human performance, such as speed of operation and accident involvement rates, have limited application in automotive design for reasons that are discussed in this paper. Some of the data bases which have been accumulated for human factors evaluations by Ford Motor Company are described in this paper. It is concluded that, if the human factors profession is to keep pace with automotive technological evolution, more research effort is going to have to be devoted to the study of drivers and driving-environment factors. For the sake of research efficiency, human factors principles and systems models which can be reliably generalized across vehicle designs must be developed. Several systems models that are under development at Ford are briefly described.
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Shimizu, Takayuki, and Tatsuru Masuda. "The Role of Tetrapyrrole- and GUN1-Dependent Signaling on Chloroplast Biogenesis." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020196.
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Chloroplast biogenesis requires the coordinated expression of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes, which is achieved by communication between the developing chloroplasts and the nucleus. Signals emitted from the plastids, so-called retrograde signals, control nuclear gene expression depending on plastid development and functionality. Genetic analysis of this pathway identified a set of mutants defective in retrograde signaling and designated genomes uncoupled (gun) mutants. Subsequent research has pointed to a significant role of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in retrograde signaling. Meanwhile, the molecular functions of GUN1, the proposed integrator of multiple retrograde signals, have not been identified yet. However, based on the interactions of GUN1, some working hypotheses have been proposed. Interestingly, GUN1 contributes to important biological processes, including plastid protein homeostasis, through transcription, translation, and protein import. Furthermore, the interactions of GUN1 with tetrapyrroles and their biosynthetic enzymes have been revealed. This review focuses on our current understanding of the function of tetrapyrrole retrograde signaling on chloroplast biogenesis.
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Kirmani, Amna, and Akshay R. Rao. "No Pain, No Gain: A Critical Review of the Literature on Signaling Unobservable Product Quality." Journal of Marketing 64, no. 2 (April 2000): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.2.66.18000.
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Recent research in information economics has focused on signals as mechanisms to solve problems that arise under asymmetric information. A firm or individual credibly communicates the level of some unobservable element in a transaction by providing an observable signal. When applied to conveying product quality information, this issue is of particular interest to the discipline of marketing. In this article, the authors focus on the ways a firm may signal the unobservable quality of its products through several marketing-mix variables. The authors develop a typology that classifies signals and discuss the available empirical evidence on the signaling properties of several marketing variables. They consider managerial implications of signaling and outline an agenda for future empirical research.
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Song, Donghyun, Eunjee Kim, Yujin Kwon, Woojin Yoon, Yoseob Lee, Baekhee Lee, and Gwanseob Shin. "Monitoring driver stress during highway driving using wearable bio-signal sensors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661087.
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Various functions for improving automobile seat comfort have been developed to reduce driver stress. However, how drivers respond to the seat comfort functions in real driving has not yet been studied. This experiment evaluated the effect of a seat air-conditioning system (ACS) on driver stress by tracking changes in various bio-signals during 60-min highway driving. Heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, and respiration rates were quantified using non-invasive sensors from 13 drivers while varying the seat ACS condition in hot weather. Study results show that the high-frequency power of the heart rate variability, mean skin conductance level, and mean respiration rate detected the changes in the seat ACS over 60%, implying the possibility of seat comfort monitoring using the bio-signals. Further research should be conducted with various environmental or driver conditions to improve detection performance.
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Yan, Huan, Jingling Zhang, Kam-Tong Leung, Kwok-Wai Lo, Jun Yu, Ka-Fai To, and Wei Kang. "An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis." Cancers 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030736.
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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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Matushansky, I., N. Socci, E. Hernando, S. Singer, G. Schwartz, C. Cordon-Cardo, and R. Maki. "A putative tumor suppressor role for Wnt-signaling in sarcomagenesis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 9507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.9507.
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9507 Background: We sought to elucidate the relationship between the human adult mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC), Wnt signaling and sarcomagenesis. Methods: In vitro hMSC differentiation, microarray gene expression analysis, distance correlation analysis, and standard molecular biology techniques were used to explore the role of Wnt in controlling the differentiation of both hMSCs and high grade undifferentiated sarcoma (HGUS; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma), a common form of adult soft tissue sarcoma. Results: We determined that 1) hMSCs appear to be the progenitor cells of HGUS/MFH; 2) Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a specific inhibitor of Wnt signaling, is overexpressed in MFH as compared to other sarcoma subtypes and is involved in the proliferation of hMSCs; 3) in hMSCs, Dkk1 levels decline and nuclear β-catenin accumulates as hMSCs reach confluence, a prerequisite for initiation of in vitro differentiation, while in an MFH cell line Dkk1 levels do not decline and there is no nuclear β-catenin accumulation; 3) MFH cells appear to be primed for differentiation and express early markers of mesenchymal differentiation, then undergo apoptosis, if nuclear β-catenin is manipulated to enter the nucleus; 4) Wnt2 signals via the canonical β-catenin pathway and is responsible for “commitment” of hMSC and an MFH cell line to various differentiation pathways, while Wnt5a signals via the non-canonical JNK pathway in preventing apoptosis upon appropriate commitment toward differentiation. Conclusions: We identified the contribution of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the differentiation of hMSCs and showed that enhancing signaling via these pathways could be exploited as a potential target for therapy for high grade undifferentiated sarcomas. These data implicate Wnt-signaling as a mechanism of tumor suppression in early sarcomagenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kertzer, Joshua D., Brian C. Rathbun, and Nina Srinivasan Rathbun. "The Price of Peace: Motivated Reasoning and Costly Signaling in International Relations." International Organization 74, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000328.
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AbstractCanonical models of costly signaling in international relations (IR) tend to assume costly signals speak for themselves: a signal's costliness is typically understood to be a function of the signal, not the perceptions of the recipient. Integrating the study of signaling in IR with research on motivated skepticism and asymmetric updating from political psychology, we show that individuals’ tendencies to embrace information consistent with their overarching belief systems (and dismiss information inconsistent with it) has important implications for how signals are interpreted. We test our theory in the context of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on Iran, combining two survey experiments fielded on members of the American mass public. We find patterns consistent with motivated skepticism: the individuals most likely to update their beliefs are those who need reassurance the least, such that costly signals cause polarization rather than convergence. Successful signaling therefore requires knowing something about the orientations of the signal's recipient.
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Chase, Kevin S., and Brian Murtha. "Selling to Barricaded Buyers." Journal of Marketing 83, no. 6 (September 11, 2019): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919874778.
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In business-to-government and business-to-business transactions, suppliers often have limited access to buyers during the buying process. The authors term these buyers “barricaded buyers.” Despite the prevalence of barricaded buyers in practice, research has remained largely silent on the topic. Therefore, the authors combine insights from eight organizational purchasing case studies and individual interviews with signaling theory to advance a conceptual framework that highlights ways a supplier can increase its competitiveness (and, correspondingly, its selection likelihood) when selling to barricaded buyers. The framework reflects three distinct ways in which signaling occurs or influences the barricaded buying process: the seller signals to buyers (e.g., through novel solutions, explicit responding), the seller signals to competing sellers (e.g., through peacocking), and the buyer signals to sellers whose meaning is jammed (e.g., through supplier-specific capabilities and language). The framework invokes barricade restrictiveness as an important contingency variable that lends nuance to when the signaling activities are most likely to affect suppliers’ competitiveness.
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Sánchez-Vázquez, Raúl, Paula Martínez, and Maria A. Blasco. "AKT-dependent signaling of extracellular cues through telomeres impact on tumorigenesis." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): e1009410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009410.
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The telomere-bound shelterin complex is essential for chromosome-end protection and genomic stability. Little is known on the regulation of shelterin components by extracellular signals including developmental and environmental cues. Here, we show that human TRF1 is subjected to AKT-dependent regulation. To study the importance of this modification in vivo, we generate knock-in human cell lines carrying non-phosphorylatable mutants of the AKT-dependent TRF1 phosphorylation sites by CRISPR-Cas9. We find that TRF1 mutant cells show decreased TRF1 binding to telomeres and increased global and telomeric DNA damage. Human cells carrying non-phosphorylatable mutant TRF1 alleles show accelerated telomere shortening, demonstrating that AKT-dependent TRF1 phosphorylation regulates telomere maintenance in vivo. TRF1 mutant cells show an impaired response to proliferative extracellular signals as well as a decreased tumorigenesis potential. These findings indicate that telomere protection and telomere length can be regulated by extracellular signals upstream of PI3K/AKT activation, such as growth factors, nutrients or immune regulators, and this has an impact on tumorigenesis potential.
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Gershon, T. R., A. Shirazi, and A. M. Kenney. "Effect of the combination of retinoic acid and rapamycin on cerebellar granule cell and medulloblastoma proliferation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2077.
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2077 Background: Cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGCPs) are neuroblasts that proliferate in early postnatal life and may become transformed, giving rise to medulloblastoma. The proliferation of CGCPs is driven by mitogenic signals including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and growth factors that activate the protein mTOR. Dysregulation of these intercellular signals can promote medulloblastoma formation. We propose that microenvironmental signals that down-regulate the response of CGCPs to mitogens may inhibit medulloblastoma growth. Retinoic acid (RA) is an endogenous signaling molecule with potent anti-neoplastic effects. We investigated whether SHH, mTOR, and RA signaling pathways interact to regulate CGCP and medulloblastoma proliferation. Methods: We measured proliferation in cultured CGCP explants and the CGCP-derived murine medulloblastoma cell line PZp53 using quantitative phosphohistone-H3 immunocytochemistry. We examined the effects of adding to culture medium SHH, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and all trans-RA (ATRA) in specific combinations. We compared CGCPs from wild type animals to CGCPs from mice with constitutive mTOR activation due to TSC2 mutation. Results: A minimum concentration of 1uM ATRA inhibited SHH-driven CGCP proliferation measurably but incompletely, while 10uM ATRA caused widespread necrosis. CGCPs from TSC2 mutant animals, in which mTOR was constitutively active, were 50% less effected by 1uM ATRA than wild type CGCPs. PZp53 medulloblastoma cells were relatively resistant to ATRA, tolerating 10uM ATRA with reduced but persistent proliferation. 10nM rapamycin decreased but did not eliminate PZp53 proliferation. The combination of rapamycin and ATRA, however, acted synergistically, suppressing proliferation >90%. This suppression persisted at 10-fold lower drug concentrations. Conclusions: CGCPs and CGCP-derived medulloblastoma cells integrate signals transduced by SHH, mTOR, and RA pathways. These signaling pathways can be manipulated by pharmacologic agents in combinations that confer dramatically enhanced antineoplastic effect. We are investigating the molecular basis of the synergy of rapamycin and ATRA. We plan to test the combination in xenografts and ultimately in patients with medulloblastoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ridge, Jason W., Aaron D. Hill, and Amy Ingram. "The Signaling Role of Politician Stock Ownership: Effects on Lobbying Intensity." Journal of Management 44, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 2116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316642273.
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Adopting a signaling theory perspective, we argue that politician stock ownership sends signals of positive predispositions to firms, thereby alleviating some necessity for firms to emphasize lobbying expenditures to influence political action. Using data on congressional stock ownership, we find support for our arguments. We find that as the proportion of Congress owning stock in a firm increases, the firm decreases the intensity of lobbying. Furthermore, we find that the signals associated with stock-holding politicians with greater ability to affect the legislative agenda (i.e., affiliation with the majority party) relates to lobbying intensity. Our findings add to the literature on lobbying while also offering implications for practice and avenues for future research.
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Bochicchio, Maria Teresa, Valeria Di Battista, Pietro Poggio, Giovanna Carrà, Alessandro Morotti, Mara Brancaccio, and Alessandro Lucchesi. "Understanding Aberrant Signaling to Elude Therapy Escape Mechanisms in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms." Cancers 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040972.
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Aberrant signaling in myeloproliferative neoplasms may arise from alterations in genes coding for signal transduction proteins or epigenetic regulators. Both mutated and normal cells cooperate, altering fragile balances in bone marrow niches and fueling persistent inflammation through paracrine or systemic signals. Despite the hopes placed in targeted therapies, myeloid proliferative neoplasms remain incurable diseases in patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, patient management is often very difficult in the long term. Unexpected connections among signal transduction pathways highlighted in neoplastic cells suggest new strategies to overcome neoplastic cell adaptation.
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Fromm, Hillel. "GABA signaling in plants: targeting the missing pieces of the puzzle." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 20 (August 6, 2020): 6238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa358.
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Abstract The adaptation of plants to unstable environments relies on their ability to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of the plant to evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Plants, like animals, contain a huge repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals, including organic and inorganic molecules. The occurrence of neurotransmitter-like signaling molecules in plants has been an intriguing field of research. Among these, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in plants over half a century ago, and studies of its roles as a primary metabolite have been well documented, particularly in the context of stress responses. In contrast, evidence of the potential mechanism by which GABA acts as a signaling molecule in plants has only recently been reported. In spite of this breakthrough, the roles of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants have yet to be established and several aspects of the complexity of the GABA signaling system remain obscure. This review summarizes the uncertainties in GABA signaling in plants and suggests research directions and technologies that would help in answering unsolved questions.
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Lin, Fang, Jing Cao, Jiale Yuan, Yuxia Liang, and Jia Li. "Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling during Seedling Establishment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312971.
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Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from skotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. In addition, BR components also modulate light signal. Here, we review the current research on signaling network associated with light and brassinosteroids, with a focus on the integration of light and BR signals enabling plants to thrive in the changeable environment.
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Spyridakis, Jan H. "Signaling Effects: Increased Content Retention and New Answers—Part II." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 19, no. 4 (October 1989): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/493q-703b-jbvd-e0t9.
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This study investigated the role of signaling in helping good readers comprehend expository text. As the existing literature on signaling, reviewed in the last issue of this Journal, pointed to deficiencies in previous studies' methodologies, one goal of this study was to refine prose research methods. Two passages were designed in one of eight signaled versions each. The design was constructed to assess the individual and combined effects of headings, previews, and logical connectives. The study also assessed the effect of passage length, familiarity, and difficulty. The results showed that signals do improve a reader's comprehension, particularly comprehension two weeks after the reading of a passage and comprehension of superordinate and superordinate inferential information. This study supports the hypothesis that signals can influence retention of text-based information, particularly with long, unfamiliar, or difficult passages.
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Ezquer, Ignacio, Paola Vittorioso, and Stefan de Folter. "Developmental Signals in the 21st Century; New Tools and Advances in Plant Signaling." Genes 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111708.
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This special issue includes different research papers and reviews that studied the role of signaling cascades controlling both plant developmental processes and plant response mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses [...]
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Hudson, Laurie, Jennifer Gillette, Huining Kang, Melanie Rivera, and Angela Wandinger-Ness. "Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment Signaling: Convergence on the Rac1 GTPase." Cancers 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100358.
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The tumor microenvironment for epithelial ovarian cancer is complex and rich in bioactive molecules that modulate cell-cell interactions and stimulate numerous signal transduction cascades. These signals ultimately modulate all aspects of tumor behavior including progression, metastasis and therapeutic response. Many of the signaling pathways converge on the small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac)1. In addition to regulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling necessary for tumor cell adhesion, migration and invasion, Rac1 through its downstream effectors, regulates cancer cell survival, tumor angiogenesis, phenotypic plasticity, quiescence, and resistance to therapeutics. In this review we discuss evidence for Rac1 activation within the ovarian tumor microenvironment, mechanisms of Rac1 dysregulation as they apply to ovarian cancer, and the potential benefits of targeting aberrant Rac1 activity in this disease. The potential for Rac1 contribution to extraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer is addressed.
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Andrieu-Soler, Charlotte, and Eric Soler. "Erythroid Cell Research: 3D Chromatin, Transcription Factors and Beyond." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 6149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116149.
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Studies of the regulatory networks and signals controlling erythropoiesis have brought important insights in several research fields of biology and have been a rich source of discoveries with far-reaching implications beyond erythroid cells biology. The aim of this review is to highlight key recent discoveries and show how studies of erythroid cells bring forward novel concepts and refine current models related to genome and 3D chromatin organization, signaling and disease, with broad interest in life sciences.
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Thompson, Ryan, and Christina Chan. "Signal transduction of the physical environment in the neural differentiation of stem cells." TECHNOLOGY 04, no. 01 (March 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547816400070.
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Neural differentiation is largely dependent on extracellular signals within the cell microenvironment. These extracellular signals are mainly in the form of soluble factors that activate intracellular signaling cascades that drive changes in the cell nucleus. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the physical microenvironment provides signals that can also influence lineage commitment and very low modulus surfaces has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing mechano-induced neural differentiation are still largely uncharacterized; however, a growing body of evidence indicates that physical stimuli can regulate known signaling cascades and transcription factors involved in neural differentiation. Understanding how the physical environment affects neural differentiation at the molecular level will enable research and design of materials that will eventually enhance neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, homogeneity and specificity.
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Gao, Suying, Xiangshan Jin, and Ye Zhang. "User Participation Behavior in Crowdsourcing Platforms: Impact of Information Signaling Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 6290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116290.
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As a type of open innovation, emerging crowdsourcing platforms have garnered significant attention from users and companies. This study aims to determine how online seeker signals affect the user participation behavior of the solver in the open innovation crowdsourcing community, by means of which to achieve the long-term sustainable development of the emerging crowdsourcing platform. We performed data analysis based on the system of regression equation approach in order to conduct quantitative research. We found that online reputation and salary comparison positively influence user participation behavior, and that interpersonal trust acts as a strong mediator in the relationship between salary comparison and user participation behavior. In addition, we observed an elevation in task information diversification as a moderator, which positively affects online seeker signals on user participation behavior. Furthermore, an upsurge was noted in task information overload as a moderator, which adversely affects online seeker signals on user participation behavior. The contributions of this article include the application of the innovative signal transmission model, and online task information quality has important guiding significance on how to design task descriptions for emerging crowdsourcing platforms in order to stimulate user participation behavior.
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Pedroza, Diego A., Ramadevi Subramani, and Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy. "Classical and Non-Classical Progesterone Signaling in Breast Cancers." Cancers 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092440.
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Much emphasis is placed on estrogen (E2) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling as most research is focused on understanding E2 and ER’s ability to enhance proliferative signals in breast cancers. Progesterone (P4) is important for normal mammary gland development, function and menstrual control. However, P4 and its receptors (PRs) in breast cancer etiology continue to be understudied and its role in breast cancer remains controversial. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial clearly demonstrated the importance of progestogens in breast cancer development. P4 has historically been associated with classical-signaling through nuclear receptors, however non-classical P4 signaling via membrane receptors has been described. Progestogens have the ability to bind to nuclear and membrane receptors and studies have demonstrated that both can promote breast cancer cell proliferation and breast tumor growth. In this review, we attempt to understand the classical and non-classical signaling role of P4 in breast cancers because both nuclear and membrane receptors could become viable therapeutic options for breast cancer patients.
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De Felice, Dario, and Alessandro Alaimo. "Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in Cancer: Focus on altered Calcium Signaling in Cancer Cells and in Tumor Progression." Cancers 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071780.
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Mechanotransduction, the translation of mechanical stimuli into biological signals, is a crucial mechanism involved in the function of fundamentally all cell types. In many solid tumors, the malignant transformation is often associated with drastic changes in cell mechanical features. Extracellular matrix stiffness, invasive growth, and cell mobility are just a few hallmarks present in cancer cells that, by inducing mechanical stimuli, create positive feedbacks promoting cancer development. Among the molecular players involved in these pathophysiological processes, the mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable Piezo channels have emerged as major transducers of mechanical stress into Ca2+ dependent signals. Piezo channels are overexpressed in several cancers, such as in breast, gastric, and bladder, whereas their downregulation has been described in other cancers. Still, the roles of mechanosensitive Piezos in cancer are somewhat puzzling. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiological roles of these Ca2+-permeable channels, with special emphasis on their functional involvement in different cancer types progression.
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Peer, Elisabeth, Suzana Tesanovic, and Fritz Aberger. "Next-Generation Hedgehog/GLI Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy." Cancers 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040538.
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The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells (CSC), which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. Efficacious therapeutic approaches targeting CSC pathways, such as HH/GLI signaling in combination with chemo, radiation or immunotherapy are, therefore, of high medical need. Pharmacological inhibition of HH/GLI pathway activity represents a promising approach to eliminate malignant CSC. Clinically approved HH/GLI pathway inhibitors target the essential pathway effector Smoothened (SMO) with striking therapeutic efficacy in skin and brain cancer patients. However, multiple genetic and molecular mechanisms resulting in de novo and acquired resistance to SMO inhibitors pose major limitations to anti-HH/GLI therapies and, thus, the eradication of CSC. In this review, we summarize reasons for clinical failure of SMO inhibitors, including mechanisms caused by genetic alterations in HH pathway effectors or triggered by additional oncogenic signals activating GLI transcription factors in a noncanonical manner. We then discuss emerging novel and rationale-based approaches to overcome SMO-inhibitor resistance, focusing on pharmacological perturbations of enzymatic modifiers of GLI activity and on compounds either directly targeting oncogenic GLI factors or interfering with synergistic crosstalk signals known to boost the oncogenicity of HH/GLI signaling.
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Agirman, Gulistan, Kristie B. Yu, and Elaine Y. Hsiao. "Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis." Science 374, no. 6571 (November 26, 2021): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6087.
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The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research reveals that cross-talk along the gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the signaling of inflammation across the gut-brain axis. We further highlight interactions between the gut and the brain in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Zhu, Pengfei, Hongrui Lu, Mingxing Wang, Ke Chen, Zheling Chen, and Liu Yang. "Targeted mechanical forces enhance the effects of tumor immunotherapy by regulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment." Cancer Biology & Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0491.
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Mechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with tumor growth, proliferation, and drug resistance. Strong mechanical forces in tumors alter the metabolism and behavior of cancer cells, thus promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Mechanical signals are transformed into biochemical signals, which activate tumorigenic signaling pathways through mechanical transduction. Cancer immunotherapy has recently made exciting progress, ushering in a new era of “chemo-free” treatments. However, immunotherapy has not achieved satisfactory results in a variety of tumors, because of the complex tumor microenvironment. Herein, we discuss the effects of mechanical forces on the tumor immune microenvironment and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mechanical forces in immunotherapy.