Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Signalisation TGF-beta'
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Demagny, Hadrien. "Convergence des voies de signalisation wnt, fgf et tgf-beta au niveau des facteurs de transcription smad1 et smad4." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066164/document.
Full textDuring my PhD I studied how cells receive and integrate multiple signals from the extracellular milieu. I focused on Smad proteins and my project can be divided into two parts. My first project was centered on the transcription factor Mad (Smad1) and its requirement for the BMP and Wg pathways. Using a combination of genetic and biochemistry experiments, we showed that Mad is required for Wg signaling both in Tcf reporter gene assays and in vivo in Drosophila. We found that the choice for Mad to transduce Dpp or Wg signals is controlled by C-terminal phosphorylations so that Mad binds to Pangolin and participates in Wg target genes transcription only when not phosphorylated at its C-terminus. This results in a competition between Dpp and Wg controlled by the phosphorylation state of Mad. My second project was focused on the tumor suppressor Smad4. When I first joined the lab, I identified three new potential GSK3 phosphorylation sites in Smad4 primary sequence. I used a home-made phospho-specific antibody to demonstrate that FGF or EGF stimulation trigger Erk-mediated phosphorylation of Smad4 which primes subsequent GSK3 phosphorylations. These phosphorylations regulate a transcription activation domain located in Smad4 linker region and generate a Wnt-regulated phosphodegron recognized by the E3 ligase beta-TrCP. This mechanism provides a means of integrating distinct pathways which would otherwise remain insulated, allowing cells to sense FGF and Wnt inputs and adapt TGF-beta outcome to their context. It provides a molecular explanation of the long-standing mystery of the “competence modifier” effect of Wnt on Nodal signals discovered 20 years ago
Faresse, Nourdine. "Identification de PCTA, un nouvel effecteur de la voie de signalisation du TGF-beta." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066428.
Full textAndrieux, Geoffroy. "Modélisation dynamique de la signalisation cellulaire : aspects différentiels et discrets; application à la signalisation du facteur de croissance TGF-beta dans le cancer." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926487.
Full textHandra-Luca, Adriana Alina. "Rôle de la signalisation par la voie du TGF-beta et des protéines de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN dans la prolifération cellulaire et dans la progression tumorale au cours de la cancérogenèse colorectale et de certains modèles de cancérogenèse pancréatique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066543.
Full textBourgeois, Benjamin. "Mécanismes de régulation de la voie de signalisation au TGF-beta par la protéine de l’enveloppe nucléaire MAN1." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066401.
Full textMAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, influences transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by directly interacting with R-Smads. Heterozygous loss of function mutations in LEMD3 gene coding for MAN1 cause sclerosing bone dysplasias in humans and increased levels of TGF-β signaling in cells. As a first step to elucidate the mechanism of TGF-β pathway regulation by MAN1, we characterized the structure of the MAN1 C-terminal region that binds Smad2. This region comprises a winged helix domain, a structurally heterogeneous linker, a U2AF homology motif (UHM) domain and a disordered C-terminus. The inter-domain linker plays the role of an intramolecular UHM ligand motif interacting with the UHM domain. This linker is also crucial for Smad2 interaction. We suggest that it can interact with other UHM domains, thus regulating the MAN1-Smad2 interaction. We also identified two Smad2 residues Y366 and W368 which are necessary for Smad2 binding. These residues are necessary for the interaction between Smad2 and several transcription factors (Fast, FoxH1 and Mixer). We show that, in vivo and in vitro MAN1 competes with these transcription factors for Smad2 binding resulting in a decrease of the Smad2 transcriptional activity. We also show that in vitro, MAN1 binds with the same affinity to free Smad2/3 or Smad2/3-Smad4 complexes. Interestingly, we show that in vivo, MAN1 induces Smad2/3-Smad4 dissociation by favouring R-Smads dephosphorylation. We show that in vitro, MAN1 interacts with PPM1A phosphatase which is responsible of R-Smads dephosphorylation. All these results suggest that MAN1 recruits both Smad2/3-Smad4 complexes and PPM1A that dephosphorylates the C-terminus of Smad2/3 resulting in a dissociation and inactivation of these complexes
Le, Quéré Hervé. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la voie de signalisation des "Transforming Growth Factor beta" chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas : implications du ligand Cg-TGF-beta." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2028.
Full textTo complete the full repertoire of the TGF-beta pathway components in Lophotrochozoans, an Activin type II receptor (Cg-ActRII) was characterized from the oyster Crassostrea gigas. This receptor showed highest identity with human ActRIIB and demonstrated high expression during the first stages of oyster development and in the nervous tissues. It was found functional in zebrafish used as reporter organism and appeared to behave in a way similar to its zebrafish counterpart playing seemingly a dual role in both activin and BMP pathways. To decipher how, the various TGF-beta pathway components characterized in oyster interact to each other, Cg-TGF-beta ligand as well as various combinations of TGF-β receptors were co-expressed in mammalian cell lines. The results show interactions between Cg-TGF-β and two type I receptors (TbetaRI/ALRI) in the TGF-betass/Activin pathway. The receptor Cg-Tbeta sfRII seems to inhibit this pathway but activates the BMP pathway in presence of Cg-BMPRI and recombinant BMP2 though discrete Cg-ALR1 also activates this pathway. Since Cg-TGF-β is structurally related to the vertebrate TGF-βss family, its activity was investigated on Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes. Although Cg-TGF-beta inhibits their proliferation and promotes the transcription of some extracellular matrix components like Agrecan or type II Collagen, Cg-TGF-b activity was distinct from that of its vertebrate counterpart. This study suggests a preservation of the functionality of the TGFbeta pathway components in Lophotrochozoans, a relative conservation of the hierarchy but a versatility of the interactions between the various components which constitutes the central mechanism for fine tuning cellular responses
Demagny, Hadrien. "Convergence des voies de signalisation wnt, fgf et tgf-beta au niveau des facteurs de transcription smad1 et smad4." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066164.
Full textDuring my PhD I studied how cells receive and integrate multiple signals from the extracellular milieu. I focused on Smad proteins and my project can be divided into two parts. My first project was centered on the transcription factor Mad (Smad1) and its requirement for the BMP and Wg pathways. Using a combination of genetic and biochemistry experiments, we showed that Mad is required for Wg signaling both in Tcf reporter gene assays and in vivo in Drosophila. We found that the choice for Mad to transduce Dpp or Wg signals is controlled by C-terminal phosphorylations so that Mad binds to Pangolin and participates in Wg target genes transcription only when not phosphorylated at its C-terminus. This results in a competition between Dpp and Wg controlled by the phosphorylation state of Mad. My second project was focused on the tumor suppressor Smad4. When I first joined the lab, I identified three new potential GSK3 phosphorylation sites in Smad4 primary sequence. I used a home-made phospho-specific antibody to demonstrate that FGF or EGF stimulation trigger Erk-mediated phosphorylation of Smad4 which primes subsequent GSK3 phosphorylations. These phosphorylations regulate a transcription activation domain located in Smad4 linker region and generate a Wnt-regulated phosphodegron recognized by the E3 ligase beta-TrCP. This mechanism provides a means of integrating distinct pathways which would otherwise remain insulated, allowing cells to sense FGF and Wnt inputs and adapt TGF-beta outcome to their context. It provides a molecular explanation of the long-standing mystery of the “competence modifier” effect of Wnt on Nodal signals discovered 20 years ago
Pendaries, Valérie. "Interaction ligand-dépendante entre les récepteurs de l'acide rétinoi͏̈que et le voie de signalisation du TGF-Beta par les Smads." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077249.
Full textMendoza-Gaviria, José-Andrés. "Impact de l'expression de la protéine E6 des papillomavirus humains oncogènes de type 5 et 8 sur la voie de signalisation cellulaire du TGF-BETA." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077008.
Full textSome human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are responsible of ano-genital cancers (HPV16 and 18) and cutaneous carcinomas (HPV5 and 8) (in patients suffering epidermodysplasia verruciformis [EV]). The oncogenic potentiel of HPVs is mainly related to the activity of E6 and E7 early proteins. In the case of genital high risk HPVs (HPV16 et 18), thèse oncoproteins induce degradation of p53 (E6) and pRb (E7), two key inhibitor proteins of thé cell cycle. In contrast, the biological properties of thèse two oncoproteins from HPVS and 8 are poorly understood. Our aim was to study the role of the oncoprotein E6 from HPVS and 8. We identified cellular partners of E6 by yeast two-hybrid screening. The interactions found were validated by diverse molecular and cellular biology methods. Our work allowed us to show the interaction between E6 and SMAD3, a cellular protein that plays a central role in TGF-beta signaling pathway. This association is specific of HPVS and 8 and induces degradation of SMAD3/4 complexes. The functional impact of this interaction was studied by regulation of a luciferase reporter gene. We equally identified fixation of E6 on SnoN, a cellular inhibitor of SMAD proteins. This association seems to synergize for dégradation of SMADs. The TGF-beta transduction pathway is crucial for the synthesis of proteins that block cell cycle passage from phase G1 to S. Thus, the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by E6 may constitute a crucial step towards viral replication. Moreover, the interaction specificity of E6 proteins from EV HPVs suggests that TGF-beta signaling may be a privileged target in the way of immortalizing keratinocytes upon viral infection
Bougault, Carole. "Identification de nouveaux acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans la mécanotransduction des chondrocytes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10196.
Full textChondrocytes phenotype can be modulated by growth factors as well as mechanical stress. We characterised Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 chondrogenic potential on mouse primary chondrocytes expanded in monolayer on culture plastic. Also, we developed a new model to investigate mechanotransduction by applying dynamic compression on these cells embedded in agarose hydrogel. Hence, we confirmed ERK1/2 and p38 pathways implication in such mechanisms, we revealed Smad2/3 activation in response to compression and we identified new mechanosensitive genes. Besides, we highlighted the role of beta-1-integrins in cartilage stiffness. Our results completed the basic knowledge of regulation mechanisms underlying chondrocytes phenotype, but could also contribute to improve techniques for cartilage reconstruction in the field of tissue engineering
Grijelmo, Olabarria Clara. "SIGNALISATION ET IMPLICATION DE BMP-7 DANS L'INVASION CELLULAIRE ET LA CARCINOGENÈSE COLIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809195.
Full textMartin, Marion. "Analyse de la méthylation de l'ADN des cellules CD133+ dans le cancer du foie et son interaction avec la voie de signalisation TGF-b." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942762.
Full textPierrat, Marie-Jeanne. "Rôle de la signalisation du TGF-beta et du facteur de transcription GLI2 dans la régulation de MITF et de TRP2 : mécanismes et implications dans la progression du mélanome." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077052.
Full textWe have demonstrated that the expression of GLI2 is inversely correlated with that of Mlcrophtalamia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) and melanocytic differentiation markers such as tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2. We have shown that there is a dynamic expression balance between these two transcription factors controlled by two distinct signaling pathways: the TGF-beta/Smad and cAMP/PKA pathways. Overexpression of GLI2 inhibits MITF expression, pigmentation and promotes the invasive capacity of melanoma cells, whereas the strong expression of MITF represses the expression of GLI2, invasion and induces melanocytic differentiation. We identified a binding site for GLI2 in the -3S4/-296 region of MITF promoter. However, other mechanisms are involved in the repression of MITF by TGF-beta. Indeed, we demonstrated that TGF-beta represses the transcription of MITF by two distinct mechanisms: the first being the inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway and the second being the induction of GLI2 expression and its binding to position -316/-306 of the MITF promoter. Finally, we observed that the mechanism of TRP2 repression by GLI2 and/or by TGF-beta is partly independent of the MITF inhibition, although TRP2 is a transcriptional target of MITF. In silico analysis of the TRP2 promoter suggests the presence of putative sites for GLI2 proteins. Our results has highlighted the involvement of the transcription factor GLI2 under the control of TGF-beta pathway, in the loss of the melanocytic « master gene » MITF, but also in the plasticity of melanocytic phenotype
Floc'hlay, Swann. "Computational analysis and modelling of regulatory networks controlling embryonic development." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLE036.
Full textThe development of an embryo derives from the DNA sequence of this organism. Genetic variability gives rise to great morphological diversity, while maintaining a robust general organisation. Mutations present within cis-regulatory regions impact transcription via epigenomic mechanisms. The resulting variability in gene expression can be buffered by tran feedback mechanisms within the regulatory network. The precise organisation of these cis and trans interactions remains difficult to decipher. In order to better grasp the effect of mutations on transcription, I analysed genetic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data in collaboration with the Furlong laboratory (EMBL, Heidelberg). The use of allele-specific data from Drosophila F1 lines enabled to infer direct cis-interactions between the regulatory layers, suggesting a difference in the action of the epigenomic markers H3K27ac and H3K4me3 on gene expression. To better understand the trans impact of the structure of regulatory networks on gene expression, I have built a logical model of the dorsal-ventral axis specification in sea urchin embryo, in collaboration with the Lepage laboratory (iBV, Nice). Multicellular and stochastic analyses permitted to detect key components of the network, including the cross-repression dynamic between Nodal and BMP. To conclude, allele-specific data analysis and logical modelling allowed me to study the mechanisms of transcription regulation from two complementary perspectives
Prunier, Céline. "Étude de mécanismes de répression de l'activité des protéines Smad." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066303.
Full textMontagne, Kevin. "Physiologie et physiopathologie de la voie TGF-β dans le système vasculaire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066637.
Full textSader, Fadi. "Étude de l’implication des voies non-canoniques de TGF-beta durant la régénération de la patte chez l’axolotl." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22527.
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