Journal articles: 'Signal devices'

1

Li, Lian Tian. "The Research on Abnormal Signal Retrieval Methods for Differences Equipments under the Framework of Large-Scale Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1060.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes an abnormal signal retrieval method for differences equipments in Internet of Things (IOT) based on Signal Fusion Technology. It elaborates on the fusion rules for communication signal of underlying devices, according to which describes the conditions need to be met when abnormal signal of the underlying devices in IOT is fused. Laplace energy and weighting algorithm are adopted to fuse abnormal signals of the underlying multi-device in IOT in order to achieve fusion detection for abnormal signal. Experimental results show that the algorithm can greatly improve the efficiency of detecting abnormal signal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bui, Ngoc-Thang, and Gyung-su Byun. "The Comparison Features of ECG Signal with Different Sampling Frequencies and Filter Methods for Real-Time Measurement." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081461.

Full text

Abstract:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been used to monitor and diagnose signs of cardiovascular disease and abnormal signals about the human body. ECG signals are typically characterized by the PR, QRS, QT interval, ST-segment, and heart rate (HR) parameters. ECG devices are widely used for many applications, especially for the elderly. However, ECG signals are often affected by noises from the environment. There are mainly two types of noises that affect the ECG signals: low frequencies from muscle activity and 50/60 Hz from the electrical grid. Removing these noises is important for improving the quality of the ECG signal. A clear ECG signal makes it easy to diagnose cardiovascular problems. ECG signals with high sampling frequency are more accurate. However, the noises in the signal will be more obvious and it will be difficult to remove these noises with filters. We analyzed the symmetrical correlation between the sampling frequency of the signal and the parameters of the signal such as signal to noise ratio (SNR) and signal amplitude. This study will compare characterization of ECG signals performed at different sampling frequencies before and after applying infinite impulse response (IIR) and symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Therefore, it is critical that the sampling frequency is consistent at the same frequency of the ECG signal for accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, the approach can be also important for the device to help reduce the device’s computing power and hardware resources. Our results were tested with the MIT/ BIH database at 360 Hz sampling frequency with 11-bit resolution. We also experimented with the device operating in real-time with a sampling frequency from 100 Hz to 2133 Hz and a 24-bit resolution. The test results show the advantages of the symmetric FIR filter over IIR when applied to the filtering of ECG signals. The study’s conclusions can be applied to real-world devices to improve the quality of ECG signals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Nimi W. S., P. Subha Hency Jose, and Jegan R. "Review on Reliable and Quality Wearable Healthcare Device (WHD)." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 10, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2021100101.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a brief review on present developments in wearable devices and their importance in healthcare networks. The state-of-the-art system architecture on wearable healthcare devices and their design techniques are reviewed and becomes an essential step towards developing a smart device for various biomedical applications which includes diseases classifications and detection, analyzing nature of the bio signals, vital parameters measurement, and e-health monitoring through noninvasive method. From the review on latest published research papers on medical wearable device and bio signal analysis, it can be concluded that it is more important and very essential to design and develop a smart wearable device in healthcare environment for quality signal acquisition and e-health monitoring which leads to effective measures of multiparameter extractions. This will help the medical practitioners to understand the nature of patient health condition easily by visualizing a quality signal by smart wearable devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kramer, Randall. "Testing Mixed-Signal Devices." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 4, no. 2 (1987): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.1987.295100.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Efanov, D. V. "Fault-tolerant Structures of Digital Devices Based on Boolean Complement with the Calculations Checking by Sum Codes." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 5 (October 4, 2021): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.05.021.

Full text

Abstract:

The article considers the construction of fault-tolerant digital devices and computing systems that does not use the principles of introducing modular redundancy. To correct the signals, a special distorted signal fixation unit, concurrent error-detection by the pre-selected redundant code circuit, as well as a signal correction block are used. The distorted signal fixation unit is implemented by the Boolean complement method, which makes it possible to design a large number of such blocks with different indicators of technical implementation complexity. When synthesizing a fault-tolerant device according to the proposed method, it is possible to organize a concurrent error-detection circuit for both the source device and the Boolean complement block in the structure of the distorted signal fixation unit. This makes it possible to choose among the variety of ways to implement fault-tolerant devices according to the proposed method, one that gives a device with the least structural redundancy. Various redundant codes can be used to organize concurrent error-detection circuits, including classical and modified sum codes. The author provides algorithms for the synthesis of distorted signal fixation unit and the Boolean complement block. The results of experimental researches with combinational benchmarks devices from the well-known LG’91 and MCNC Benchmarks sets are highlighted. The article presents the possibilities of the considered method for the organization of faulttolerant digital devices and computing systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Nam, Sang Hun, Ji Yong Lee, and Jung Yoon Kim. "Biological-Signal-Based User-Interface System for Virtual-Reality Applications for Healthcare." Journal of Sensors 2018 (July 29, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9054758.

Full text

Abstract:

Biosignal interfaces provide important data that reveal the physical status of a user, and they are used in the medical field for patient health status monitoring, medical automation, or rehabilitation services. Biosignals can be used in developing new contents, in conjunction with virtual reality, and are important factors for extracting user emotion or measuring user experience. A biological-signal-based user-interface system composed of sensor devices, a user-interface system, and an application that can extract biological-signal data from multiple biological-signal devices and be used by content developers was designed. A network-based protocol was used for unconstrained use of the device so that the biological signals can be freely received via USB, Bluetooth, WiFi, and an internal system module. A system that can extract biological-signal data from multiple biological-signal data and simultaneously extract and analyze the data from a virtual-reality-specific eye-tracking device was developed so that users who develop healthcare contents based on virtual-reality technology can easily use the biological signals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Jiang, Haoyu, Dongyu Li, and Lanfei Li. "Design of ECG Signal Generator Based on Motion Scene." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2181, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2181/1/012055.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract With the normalization of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) in many countries, portable ECG monitoring devices have gradually become popular. However, since the current portable ECG monitoring equipment lacks a unified testing standard specification, a suitable calibration device is required for restraint. This research simulates a multi-state ECG signal generation system built using Arduino uno board for calibration of portable ECG monitoring devices. The system can generate human ECG signals of different intensities under different heart rates based on the operation of the host computer. The equipment has the advantages of simple, easy-to-use and low cost, and can be used as an ECG signal source for a portable ECG monitoring device in a simple laboratory environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Smolarik, Lukas, Dusan Mudroncik, and Lubos Ondriga. "ECG Signal Processing." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.394.

Full text

Abstract:

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a diagnostic method that allows sensing and record the electric activity of heart [. The measurement of electrical activity is used as a standard twelve-point system. At each of these leads to measure the useful signal and interference was measured. The intensity of interference depends on the artefacts (electrical lines, brum, motion artefacts, muscle, interference from the environment, etc.). For correct evaluation of measured signal there is a need to processing the measured signal to suitable form. At present, the use of electrocardiograms with sensors with contact scanning are difficult to set a time so we decided to use the principle of non-contact sensing. Such a device to measure the ECG was constructed under the project. The disadvantage of such devices is a problem with a high level of noise, which degrades a useful signal. The aim of this article is to pre-process the signals obtained from non-contact sensing. The contactless devices are powered from the network and battery. The electrodes were connected by way of Eithoven bipolar leads. Signals were pre-treated with suitable filters so that they are also appropriate for their subsequent analysis. In the filtration ECG signals was used as a method of linear (low pass filter, high pass, IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) peak, notch filter. The results of many signals clearly demonstrate removing noise in the ECG signals to the point that is also suitable for their analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Lim, Seung-Min, Hyunjae Yoo, Min-Ah Oh, Seok Hee Han, Hae-Ryung Lee, Taek Dong Chung, Young-Chang Joo, and Jeong-Yun Sun. "Ion-to-ion amplification through an open-junction ionic diode." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (June 20, 2019): 13807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903900116.

Full text

Abstract:

As biological signals are mainly based on ion transport, the differences in signal carriers have become a major issue for the intimate communication between electrical devices and biological areas. In this respect, an ionic device which can directly interpret ionic signals from biological systems needs to be designed. Particularly, it is also required to amplify the ionic signals for effective signal processing, since the amount of ions acquired from biological systems is very small. Here, we report the signal amplification in ionic systems as well as sensing through the modified design of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ionic diodes. By designing an open-junction structure, ionic signals from the external environment can be directly transmitted to an ionic diode. Moreover, the minute ionic signals injected into the devices can also be amplified to a large amount of ions. The signal transduction mechanism of the ion-to-ion amplification is suggested and clearly verified by revealing the generation of breakdown ionic currents during an ion injection. Subsequently, various methods for enhancing the amplification are suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Serhiienko, S. P., V. G. Krizhanovski, D. V. Chernov, and L. V. Zagoruiko. "The use of non-steady state noise interferences to counteract passive eavesdropping devices." Radiotekhnika, no. 207 (December 24, 2021): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.4.207.14.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of noise interference has become a common practice for information security. Recently appeared publications showing a potential possibility to use the noise radio frequency interference for information skimming by passive radio eavesdropping device. In particular, the vulnerability of the premises protected from eavesdropping devices is increased, if the radio frequency noising is switched on when confidential negotiations are being conducted. The use of radio noise waves energy for eavesdropping makes such devices invisible to nonlinear locators for listening devices if they activated only by noise signals. The paper shows that the use of non-steady state noise allows counteracting the unauthorized pickup of information. The analysis of non-steady state radio frequency noise effectiveness was carried out using the correlation receiver model. The correlation receiver has the highest sensitivity, and it works more efficiently with noise-like signals. It is shown that for counteracting the information pickup, it is necessary to use a noise, amplitude modulated by a random signal, whose spectrum coincides with a spectrum of a potential informational signal. Imposition a more powerful modulation noise to a weak informational signal makes impossible the information transfer. It is shown on the example of changing the power of a monochromatic signal while “beetle” transmits using steady-state and non-steady state noises, that due to the signal energy parametric redistribution over the non-steady-state noise modulation spectrum, the power of monochromatic signal is reduced by more than 10 dB compared to the transmission of the same signal using a steady-state noise. It can be concluded that the use of non-steady state noise signals for radio frequency suppression makes impossible their use for passive eavesdropping devices operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Desouza, Kevin, Tobin Hensgen, and J. Roberto Evaristo. "Signals, signal devices, and signal space in organisations: a conceptual lens to crisis evasion." International Journal of Emergency Management 2, no. 1/2 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2004.005227.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lee, John N. "Devices for optical signal processing." Optics News 11, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/on.11.10.000022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Withers, R. S., and R. W. Ralston. "Superconductive analog signal processing devices." Proceedings of the IEEE 77, no. 8 (1989): 1247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.34123.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Rieiro, Héctor, Carolina Diaz-Piedra, José Miguel Morales, Andrés Catena, Samuel Romero, Joaquin Roca-Gonzalez, Luis J. Fuentes, and Leandro L. Di Stasi. "Validation of Electroencephalographic Recordings Obtained with a Consumer-Grade, Single Dry Electrode, Low-Cost Device: A Comparative Study." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 23, 2019): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122808.

Full text

Abstract:

The functional validity of the signal obtained with low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices is still under debate. Here, we have conducted an in-depth comparison of the EEG-recordings obtained with a medical-grade golden-cup electrodes ambulatory device, the SOMNOwatch + EEG-6, vs those obtained with a consumer-grade, single dry electrode low-cost device, the NeuroSky MindWave, one of the most affordable devices currently available. We recorded EEG signals at Fp1 using the two different devices simultaneously on 21 participants who underwent two experimental phases: a 12-minute resting state task (alternating two cycles of closed/open eyes periods), followed by 60-minute virtual-driving task. We evaluated the EEG recording quality by comparing the similarity between the temporal data series, their spectra, their signal-to-noise ratio, the reliability of EEG measurements (comparing the closed eyes periods), as well as their blink detection rate. We found substantial agreement between signals: whereas, qualitatively, the NeuroSky MindWave presented higher levels of noise and a biphasic shape of blinks, the similarity metric indicated that signals from both recording devices were significantly correlated. While the NeuroSky MindWave was less reliable, both devices had a similar blink detection rate. Overall, the NeuroSky MindWave is noise-limited, but provides stable recordings even through long periods of time. Furthermore, its data would be of adequate quality compared to that of conventional wet electrode EEG devices, except for a potential calibration error and spectral differences at low frequencies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ulyashin, Aleksander, and Aleksander Velichko. "Comparative analysis of analog parameters signal multi-pliers by differential transistor pairs." Transaction of Scientific Papers of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2307-6879-2021-1-21-41.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of modern integral variables. Today, a number of foreign companies, such as Texas Instruments and Analog Devices, produce analog signal multipliers (APS) in integrated design. Russian industry produces chips of the 525PS and 174HA series. Each manufacturer uses its own method of implementing the device. The main task of such devices is to calculate the current voltage, phase, exponential and transcendental functions. Wide applicability of APS in integrated design was found in devices for analog processing and conversion of signals of communication and radio equipment, in devices for automatic control of onboard and ground radio equipment. A very important characteristic of such equipment is the dynamic range. The dynamic range of the receiver is the range of input signal amplitudes that provide the required quality of reproduction of the received message. The lower limit of the dynamic range is determined by the level of internal noise or external interference in the device, and the upper limit is determined by the device's overload capacity. In this regard, manufacturers of multipliers are faced with the task of maximizing the voltage that can be applied to its inputs. The difficulty is that the upper limit of the dynamic range is set by non-linear distortions. The non-linearity of the multiplier is a component of the multiplication error and characterizes the limiting capabilities of the APS inputs. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the main types of integral multipliers offered on the market is carried out in order to identify the best construction method for achieving the value of the dynamic range of the multiplier in 90 dB with high multiplication accuracy, which will allow using such a multiplier in modern radio equipment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Moutinho, João, Diamantino Freitas, and Rui Esteves Araújo. "Indoor Global Localisation in Anchor-based Systems using Audio Signals." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 5 (February 16, 2016): 1024–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315001095.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a method that allows mobile devices to be globally self-localised in indoor localisation systems by transmitting to them data from position reference anchors. The objective is to establish a reliable one-way down-link communication through signals used in the localisation process in a typically strong fading and multipath channel environment. This is accomplished by using signal processing techniques, including coding and forward error correction, to transmit data using a specific transmission control protocol. Experimental results, using audio as the signal between anchors and the mobile device, demonstrate successful data transmission in realistic scenarios like a common noisy and reverberant room. Spread spectrum noise-like masked signals 4·9 dB below background noise were sufficient to attain correct data reception at four metres distance between a loudspeaker anchor and a mobile device's microphone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hayat, Omar, Razali Ngah, and Yasser Zahedi. "Device Discovery Signal Design for Proximal Devices in D2D Communication." Wireless Personal Communications 108, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06435-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Gao, Zhilin, Xingran Cui, Wang Wan, Zeguang Qin, and Zhongze Gu. "Signal Quality Investigation of a New Wearable Frontal Lobe EEG Device." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051898.

Full text

Abstract:

The demand for non-laboratory and long-term EEG acquisition in scientific and clinical applications has put forward new requirements for wearable EEG devices. In this paper, a new wearable frontal EEG device called Mindeep was proposed. A signal quality study was then conducted, which included simulated signal tests and signal quality comparison experiments. Simulated signals with different frequencies and amplitudes were used to test the stability of Mindeep’s circuit, and the high correlation coefficients (>0.9) proved that Mindeep has a stable and reliable hardware circuit. The signal quality comparison experiment, between Mindeep and the gold standard device, Neuroscan, included three tasks: (1) resting; (2) auditory oddball; and (3) attention. In the resting state, the average normalized cross-correlation coefficients between EEG signals recorded by the two devices was around 0.72 ± 0.02, Berger effect was observed (p < 0.01), and the comparison results in the time and frequency domain illustrated the ability of Mindeep to record high-quality EEG signals. The significant differences between high tone and low tone in auditory event-related potential collected by Mindeep was observed in N2 and P2. The attention recognition accuracy of Mindeep achieved 71.12% and 74.76% based on EEG features and the XGBoost model in the two attention tasks, respectively, which were higher than that of Neuroscan (70.19% and 72.80%). The results validated the performance of Mindeep as a prefrontal EEG recording device, which has a wide range of potential applications in audiology, cognitive neuroscience, and daily requirements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Liu, Han-Wen, Shu-Wei Syu, and Bo-Xiang Huang. "(Digital Presentation) Degradation and Recovery of Low Temperature Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors Under DC and AC Bias Stresses." ECS Transactions 109, no. 6 (September 30, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10906.0033ecst.

Full text

Abstract:

The degradation and recovery phenomena of n-type LTPS TFTs stressed at hot carrier effect region under various bias conditions are investigated. The devices with longer LDD’s length demonstrate less degradation ratio but more recovery ratio, because of the lower transverse electric field. As the AC signals are applied to the gate terminal, the degradation of devices shows no significant dependence of AC signal frequency, but the recovery ratio displays the similar trends as AC signal frequency changing. However, as the AC signals are applied to the drain terminal, the degradation of devices shows very significant dependence of AC signal frequency. The higher the AC signal frequency is, the less degradation the devices show, but the recovery ratio displays the similar trends as AC signal frequency changing. From the results of all stressing conditions, the LTPS TFTs stressed with DC voltages exhibit the largest degradation ratio but almost the least recovery one.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pavlov, Pavel, Vladimir Fandeev, Valery Butakov, Dilyara Baymeeva, and Venera Safiullina. "Testing digital instruments and power systems devices." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601063.

Full text

Abstract:

Discussed here is a technique for testing digital devices based on the calculation and control of two or more characteristics of a binary electric signal at a reference point. Signals coming from a healthy and failed digital device that are indistinguishable by the value of one of the characteristics may differ in value of the other characteristic. The combination of test methods can significantly reduce the potential of not detecting the failure of digital device. The technique is aimed at increasing the information content of the healthy state monitoring results and the possibility of localizing failures in digital instruments and devices of power systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bizzego, Andrea, Giulio Gabrieli, Cesare Furlanello, and Gianluca Esposito. "Comparison of Wearable and Clinical Devices for Acquisition of Peripheral Nervous System Signals." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236778.

Full text

Abstract:

A key access point to the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is the investigation of peripheral signals. Wearable devices (WDs) enable the acquisition and quantification of peripheral signals in a wide range of contexts, from personal uses to scientific research. WDs have lower costs and higher portability than medical-grade devices. However, the achievable data quality can be lower, and data are subject to artifacts due to body movements and data losses. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the reliability and validity of WDs before their use in research. In this study, we introduce a data analysis procedure for the assessment of WDs for multivariate physiological signals. The quality of cardiac and electrodermal activity signals is validated with a standard set of signal quality indicators. The pipeline is available as a collection of open source Python scripts based on the pyphysio package. We apply the indicators for the analysis of signal quality on data simultaneously recorded from a clinical-grade device and two WDs. The dataset provides signals of six different physiological measures collected from 18 subjects with WDs. This study indicates the need to validate the use of WDs in experimental settings for research and the importance of both technological and signal processing aspects to obtain reliable signals and reproducible results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bezrukov, Artem, and Yury Galyametdinov. "Activation and Switching of Supramolecular Chemical Signals in Multi-Output Microfluidic Devices." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101778.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, we report on the developing of a continuous microfluidic reaction device that allows selective activation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant chemical signals in microflows and switches them between multiple outputs. A numerical model was developed for convection-diffusion reaction processes in reactive polymer-colloid microfluidic flows. Matlab scripts and scaling laws were developed for this model to predict reaction initiation and completion conditions in microfluidic devices and the location of the reaction front. The model allows the optimization of microfluidic device geometry and the setting of operation modes that provide release of the reaction product through specific outputs. Representing a chemical signal, polyelectrolyte-surfactant reaction products create various logic gate states at microfluidic chip outputs. Such systems may have potential as biochemical signal transmitters in organ-on-chip applications or chemical logic gates in cascaded microfluidic devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Pirogov, A. A., Yu A. Pirogova, A. V. Bashkirov, V. V. Glotov, and S. N. Gvozdenko. "Methodology for Designing Hardware for Measuring Parameters of a Digital Signal." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012051.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the production of various devices, various problems can arise, leading to the appearance of defects, both explicit and latent. This may be due to both poor quality materials and imperfect technology. To identify defects, devices are tested. If the device uses a digital signal transmission at high frequencies, it is usually considered sufficient to check the functioning of the individual components using technological programs. But at high transmission frequencies, or due to defects, the digital signal is distorted, and in devices where there is no error control, violations of the signal integrity during transmission can lead to failures and failures. Moreover, under normal conditions, the signal can meet the requirements, and in difficult conditions, go beyond the permissible limits. If an individual instance of a device can be susceptible to such failures, this can be identified in more detail by examining the signals flowing through its circuits. The most obvious way requires an oscilloscope, on the screen of which a person looks at the parameters of such a signal, time and amplitude characteristics. This is a very slow operation, so optimization might be the next step. For example, the use of flying probes, or probes with commutation, recording and automatic comparison of oscillograms with the exemplary one. In any case, these tests require equipment operating at frequencies much higher than the circuit itself, which means that at high baud rates, such equipment starts to be expensive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ma, Xiao, and Hoi Wai Choi. "Observation of ground loop signals in GaN monolithically integrated devices." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 1 (January 2023): 012207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002245.

Full text

Abstract:

The observation of ground loop signals in nonelectrically isolated GaN monolithic systems has prompted an investigation on its origins. The study is carried out with devices comprising monolithic light-emitting diodes (LED) and photodetectors (PD) that are either electrically isolated by completely etching through the GaN epitaxial layers, or nonelectrically isolated devices where the etch terminates at the n-GaN layer, through TCAD simulations and experiments. While the devices behave identically to DC input signals, a signal can be observed across the PD of the nonelectrically isolated devices when an AC signal is fed to the LED, even at voltages below the LED’s turn-on voltage. The [Formula: see text] phase difference of the output PD potential with respect to the input LED potential indicates that the signal, regarded as a ground loop signal, couples through the junction capacitance of the LED and PD. The ground loop signal increases with increasing frequency due to the frequency-dependence of the junction impedance. The insertion of a grounded metal line between the LED and PD reduces the ground loop signal, but not to a sufficient extent not to affect the photovoltage. The findings illustrate the necessity of electrical isolation among devices for GaN monolithic systems, especially those operating at higher frequencies, such as photonic integrated systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Andreev, O. N., A. L. Slavutskiy, and L. A. Slavutskii. "Neural network in a “sliding window” for power grids signals structural analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 990, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/990/1/012054.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In electric power systems, intelligent electronic devices monitor the state of an energy facility in real time. The data for monitoring the quality of electricity at the intelligent electronic device is transmitted through current and voltage measuring transformers. The operating modes, when the power transformer is turned on under voltage, as well as in emergency modes, signal distortions occur in the transformer. This paper is concerned with simplest feed forward artificial neural network to estimate the parameters of a distorted signal. The neural network is used to estimate the parameters of the current signal in the secondary winding of the current measurement signal. It is shown that the error in determining the parameters of the current is a few percent. The neural network requires a short time to operate, which potentially allows the use of neural network algorithms in intelligent electronic devices to process current and voltage signals in real time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Herr, Michael D., Cynthia S. Hogeman, Dennis W. Koch, Anandi Krishnan, Afsana Momen, and Urs A. Leuenberger. "A real-time device for converting Doppler ultrasound audio signals into fluid flow velocity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): H1626—H1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00713.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

A Doppler signal converter has been developed to facilitate cardiovascular and exercise physiology research. This device directly converts audio signals from a clinical Doppler ultrasound imaging system into a real-time analog signal that accurately represents blood flow velocity and is easily recorded by any standard data acquisition system. This real-time flow velocity signal, when simultaneously recorded with other physiological signals of interest, permits the observation of transient flow response to experimental interventions in a manner not possible when using standard Doppler imaging devices. This converted flow velocity signal also permits a more robust and less subjective analysis of data in a fraction of the time required by previous analytic methods. This signal converter provides this capability inexpensively and requires no modification of either the imaging or data acquisition system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

D'Souza, Sandra, and N. Sriraam. "Design of EOG Signal Acquisition System Using Virtual Instrumentation." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2014010101.

Full text

Abstract:

The design and development of cost effective rehabilitation aids is a challenging task for biomedical research community. The biopotentials such as EEG, EMG, ECG and EOG that are generated from human body help in controlling the external electronic devices. In the recent years, the EOG based assistive devices have gained importance in assisting paralyzed patients, due to their ability to perform operations controlled by retinal movements. This paper proposes a cost effective design and development of EOG signal acquisition system using virtual instrumentation. The hardware design comprises of two instrumentation amplifiers using AD620 for registering horizontal and vertical eye movements and filter circuits. A virtual instrumentation based front panel is designed to interface the hardware and to display the EOG signals. The resultant digitized EOG signal is further enhanced for driving assistive devices. The proposed EOG system makes use of virtual instrumentation and hence minimizes the design cost and increases the flexibility of the instrument. This paper presents the initial part of the research work which is aiming at a cost effective complete assistive device based on extracting the useful information from the eye movements. The qualitative validation of EOG signals recorded ensures the cost effective healthcare delivery for rehabilitation applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Farhana, Soheli. "Design of carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) small signal model." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp180-187.

Full text

Abstract:

<span lang="EN-US">The progress of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) devices has facilitated the trimness of mobile phones, computers and all other electronic devices. CNTFET devices contribute to model these electronics instruments that require designing the devices. This research consists of the design and verification of the CNTFET device's small signal model. Scattering parameters (S-parameters) is extracted from the CNTFET model to construct equivalent small model circuit. Current sources, capacitors and resistors are involved to evaluate this equivalent circuit. S-parameters and small signal models are elaborated to analyze using a technique to form the small signal equivalent circuit model. In this design modeling process, at first intrinsic device's Y-parameters are determined. After that series of impedances are calculated. At last, Y-parameters model are transformed to add parasitic capacitances. The analysis result shows the acquiring high frequency performances are obtained from this equivalent circuit.</span>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

AGUILERA, R. CARREÑO, WEN YU, J. C. TOVAR RODRÍGUEZ, M. ANTONIO ACEVEDO MOSQUEDA, and S. L. GOMEZ CORONEL. "A NONLINEAR ESTIMATION ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER BASED ON A VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL LAW." Fractals 25, no. 02 (April 2017): 1750018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x17500189.

Full text

Abstract:

Electronic sensor devices in geophysical processes are required to measure and automate different tasks. Throughout history, people have created multiple type devices, but acoustics have an important application such as the content form description in deep wells, watersheds, lakes, caves, among others. The acoustic signal is capable of reflecting where other types of signals cannot operate, either by drawbacks or where fluid is displaced. A mathematical model is presented in this paper described in state space as a basic acoustic sensor description. The objective is to adjust the parameters allowing the acoustic device to describe a signal in its trajectory, representing in geophysical manner the cavity form. Therefore, the control is performed on the response of the acoustic sensor model, adjusted with a parameter estimation process. The simulation results counts convergence between the reference and identified signals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kawanishi, Tetsuya. "Precise Optical Modulation and Its Application to Optoelectronic Device Measurement." Photonics 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050160.

Full text

Abstract:

Optoelectronic devices which play important roles in high-speed optical fiber networks can offer effective measurement methods for optoelectronic devices including optical modulators and photodetectors. Precise optical signal modulation is required for measurement applications. This paper focuses on high-speed and precise optical modulation devices and their application to device measurement. Optical modulators using electro-optic effect offers precise control of lightwaves for wideband signals. As examples, this paper describes frequency response measurement of photodetectors using high-precision amplitude modulation and wavelength domain measurement of optical filters using fast optical frequency sweep. Precise and high-speed modulation can be achieved by active trimming which compensates device structure imbalance due to fabrication error, where preciseness can be described by on-off extinction ratio. A Mach-Zehnder modulator with sub Mach-Zehnder interferometors can offer high extinction-ratio optical intensity modulation, which can be used for precise optoelectronic frequency response measurement. Precise modulation would be also useful for multi-level modulation schemes. To investigate impact of finite extinction ratio on optical modulation, duobinary modulation with small signal operation was demonstrated. For optical frequency domain analysis, single sideband modulation, which shifts optical frequency, can be used for generation of stimulus signals. Rapid measurement of optical filters was performed by using an optical sweeper consisting of an integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator for optical frequency control and an arbitrary waveform generator for generation of a source frequency chirp signal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Andreev, Roman Aleksandrovich, Tatiana Sergeevna Popova, and Andrey Sergeevich Fedorov. "ERA-GLONASS devices signal testing method." International Journal of Professional Science, no. 5 (2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54092/25421085_2022_5_71.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Tao, Yingzhou, Haicong Shen, Kunyue Deng, Huimin Zhang, and Chaoyong Yang. "Microfluidic devices with simplified signal readout." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 339 (July 2021): 129730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129730.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Kramer, Randy. "Test throughput for mixed-signal devices." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2005.8465942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Petty, Howard R., and Robert F. Todd. "Integrins as promiscuous signal transduction devices." Immunology Today 17, no. 5 (May 1996): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(96)30013-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Paige, E. G. S. "Surface-Wave Devices for Signal Processing." Journal of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers 56, no. 10-12 (1986): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/jiere.1986.0132.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gurtovtsev, A. L. "Fast devices for discrete signal input." Measurement Techniques 30, no. 8 (August 1987): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865653.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ohmori, Yutaka, Takahiro Ohtomo, Kazuya Hashimoto, Hitoshi Tanaka, Koichi Hiraoka, Shiro Iwata, Katsumi Yoshino, Alex Cook, Anver A. Zakhidov, and Hirotake Kajii. "Printable Organic Light-Emitting Devices and Application for Optical Signal Transmission." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12317.

Full text

Abstract:

Organic light emitting devices, in particular, properties of polymer light-emitting transistors with printed electrodes and bilayer printed devices with in-plane emission have been investigated and discussed. The semitransparent device based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) with Ag-nanowire source/drain and transparent carbon nanotube gate electrodes exhibits ambipolar and light-emitting characteristics. For the devices with oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) films, enhanced electron and hole field-effect mobilities have been achieved by aligning the polymer chains parallel to the transport direction. The bilayer device using F8BT lower layer and oriented F8 upper layer with the channel direction parallel to the polymer orientation exhibits improved EL intensity and higher external quantum efficiency than that with the channel direction perpendicular to the polymer chains orientation. The optical pulses of more than 100 Hz frequency are generated by directly modulating a bilayer device with an in-plane emission pattern.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Gorbunov, A. A., S. S. Karyakina, and S. A. Mikaeva. "DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF A VIRTUAL MODEL OF A LIGHT-SIGNAL DEVICE." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 299 (February 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.02.pp.035-041.

Full text

Abstract:

Lighting devices form reliable information about the environment, directly observed, as well as perceived in order to orientate in it or be ready for action in a given situation. The objects of study are various luminous points, as well as self-luminous or well-lit figures, both individually and in combinations, formed by special optical devices and lighting devices. Based on the experience of operating lighting devices and with the support of emerging new technical means and ideas, adjustments and improvements are being made and will be made to existing solutions. The characteristics of a sample of a light signaling device of the ZOM–75W–AV type with an incandescent lamp manufactured by Bellight with a power of 75 W were studied. Based on the obtained experimental data, a virtual 3D model of a light-signaling device based on LEDs was developed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Simić, Igor, and Aleksa Zejak. "SAW devices and its signal processing applications." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 47, no. 6 (1999): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg9904050s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Belforte, G., G. Eula, A. Ivanov, A. Manuello Bertetto, and V. Viktorov. "Intrinsically Safe Pneumatic Amplifier for Mechatronic Systems." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 4 (August 20, 1997): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0304.

Full text

Abstract:

Many applications require the use of maintenance-free, single-version, non-electrical, movement-free, intrinsically safe devices, devices able to be implemented with different fluids. Fluidic elements satisfy these requisites. Fluidic proportional amplifiers are of particular interest, because they proportionally amplify an output signal compared to the control signal. We developed a highgain proportional amplifier that amplifies signals optimally at the output even with very low command signals. This broads the range of applications for these devices as control systems. Our results demonstrate that our element has good operating characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jeong, Jaeyong, Dae-Myeong Geum, and SangHyeon Kim. "Heterogeneous and Monolithic 3D Integration Technology for Mixed-Signal ICs." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193013.

Full text

Abstract:

For next-generation system-on-chips (SoCs) in diverse applications (RF, sensor, display, etc.) which require high-performance, small form factors, and low power consumption, heterogeneous and monolithic 3D (M3D) integration employing advanced Si CMOS technology has been intriguing. To realize the M3D-based systems, it is important to take into account the relationship between the top and bottom devices in terms of thermal budget, electrical coupling, and operability when using different materials and various processes during integration and sequential fabrication. In this paper, from this perspective, we present our recent progress of III-V devices on Si bottom devices/circuits for providing informative guidelines in RF and imaging devices. Successful fabrication of the high-performance InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on the bottom ICs, with a high unity current gain cutoff frequency (fT) and unity power gain cutoff frequency (fMAX) was accomplished without substrate noise. Furthermore, the insertion of an intermediate metal plate between the top and bottom devices reduced the thermal interaction. Furthermore, the InGaAs photodetectors (PDs) were monolithically integrated on Si bottom devices without thermal damage due to low process temperature. Based on the integrated devices, we successfully evaluated the device scalability using sequential fabrication and basic readout functions of integrated circuits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Hui Jun, and Guan Li. "A Design of the Bone Conduction Ultrasonic Hearing Device." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2330.

Full text

Abstract:

In view of the fact that the traditional gas conduction hearing AIDS does not function to the patients with ear canal jams, this paper introduces a kind of ultrasonic hearing devices. Through the ultrasonic voice signals sent by the bone conduction modulation, the hearing-impaired patients can get a certain degree of hearing. The device, with TM320VC5410 as signal processing unit, modulates the voice signals with ultrasonic and transmit the signals through the bone conduction headphone to human auditory nerves. The experimental results show that the hearing devices can help patients with severe deafness recognize sound and voice. As a result, it is of high application value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Qi, Wen. "A Design Exploration of Intelligent Wearable Companion of Smartphone for Fitness and Healthcare." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 08 (June 25, 2019): 1959023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419590237.

Full text

Abstract:

Wearable devices are increasingly gaining more attentions in healthcare and fitness industry due to their potentials to measure valuable physiological signals on the move. There are many researchers who have proposed different types of designs that embed biosensors into miniature wearable devices. In this paper, we present a wearable companion that monitors the cardiac activities of a wearer with smartphone. The device makes use of a single, integrated biosensor that is designed with a unique analog front-end circuitry and a dedicated signal processing pipeline. In order to meet the requirements of possible but different user scenarios, three types of product forms are presented. The experimental results show that electrocardiogram (ECG) signals collected are valid and consistent through the systems. Future topics include adding extra algorithms to remove motion artifacts in order to achieve better signal quality in various settings and include wireless communication through 4G.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

CADA, M., J. HE, R. NORMANDIN, H. DAI, and S. JANZ. "OPTICAL NONLINEAR DEVICES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 03, no. 02 (April 1994): 169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199194000146.

Full text

Abstract:

Theoretical and experimental results are described of several nonlinear optical structures and devices investigated by our group, that may potentially be usable for certain applications. Three groups of devices are addressed: a multiple quantum well switching device, a bistable semiconductor periodic multilayered structure and an optical harmonic mixer. Conclusions summarize results achieved up to date and point out some possible future paths to device concepts and their implementations, as well as potential applications in optical fiber communications, computing and signal processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Liu, Pengcheng, Yingqi Ma, and Jianwei Han. "Preliminary Study on Detecting the Internal Voltage Values of Integrated Circuits Based on Electro-Optical Frequency Mapping." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031188.

Full text

Abstract:

Electro-optical frequency mapping (EOFM) technology can detect node signals from the backside of integrated circuits (ICs). In the past, the detected signal only qualitatively represented the electrical activity strength inside the device. In this paper, the electro-optical signal generation mechanism of the device is systematically studied, and a concise physical model of laser beam modulation based on the optical transmission matrix is proposed. Firstly, the influence of the bandwidth of the laser and each structure covered by the laser spot on the electro-optical signal of the device is well described by the model. Secondly, the model quantifies the electro-optical signal strength, and shows it is positively correlated with the laser wavelength and the reverse bias voltage. Finally, the model is used to quantitatively calculate the accurate voltage level of the internal node inside the device using the detected signal, and the calculation results match well with the experimental results. The model provides theoretical guidance for the efficient and accurate extraction of internal voltage values of devices by EOFM technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shi, Wenbo, and Robert Malaney. "Entanglement of Signal Paths via Noisy Superconducting Quantum Devices." Entropy 25, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010153.

Full text

Abstract:

Quantum routers will provide for important functionality in emerging quantum networks, and the deployment of quantum routing in real networks will initially be realized on low-complexity (few-qubit) noisy quantum devices. A true working quantum router will represent a new application for quantum entanglement—the coherent superposition of multiple communication paths traversed by the same quantum signal. Most end-user benefits of this application are yet to be discovered, but a few important use-cases are now known. In this work, we investigate the deployment of quantum routing on low-complexity superconducting quantum devices. In such devices, we verify the quantum nature of the routing process as well as the preservation of the routed quantum signal. We also implement quantum random access memory, a key application of quantum routing, on these same devices. Our experiments then embed a five-qubit quantum error-correcting code within the router, outlining the pathway for error-corrected quantum routing. We detail the importance of the qubit-coupling map for a superconducting quantum device that hopes to act as a quantum router, and experimentally verify that optimizing the number of controlled-X gates decreases hardware errors that impact routing performance. Our results indicate that near-term realization of quantum routing using noisy superconducting quantum devices within real-world quantum networks is possible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Elsamnah, Fahed, Anubha Bilgaiyan, Muhamad Affiq, Chang-Hoon Shim, Hiroshi Ishidai, and Reiji Hattori. "Reflectance-Based Organic Pulse Meter Sensor for Wireless Monitoring of Photoplethysmogram Signal." Biosensors 9, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9030087.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper compares the structural design of two organic biosensors that minimize power consumption in wireless photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveform monitoring. Both devices were fabricated on the same substrate with a red organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and an organic photodiode (OPD). Both were designed with a circular OLED at the center of the device surrounded by OPD. One device had an OLED area of 0.06 cm2, while the other device had half the area. The gap distance between the OLED and OPD was 1.65 mm for the first device and 2 mm for the second. Both devices had an OPD area of 0.16 cm2. We compared the power consumption and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of both devices and evaluated the PPG signal, which was successfully collected from a fingertip. The reflectance-based organic pulse meter operated successfully and at a low power consumption of 8 µW at 18 dB SNR. The device sent the PPG waveforms, via Bluetooth low energy (BLE), to a PC host at a maximum rate of 256 kbps data throughput. In the end, the proposed reflectance-based organic pulse meter reduced power consumption and improved long-term PPG wireless monitoring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Vinogradov, Aleksandr V., and Aleksey V. Bukreev. "Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-28-34.

Full text

Abstract:

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lai, Y., J. Lin, Z. Zhang, H. Zhu, G. Narsilio, M. Tomko, and K. Jowett. "TESTING GROUND CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE BURIED SENSOR WIRELESS LORAWAN SIGNAL TRANSMISSION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W5-2022 (October 14, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w5-2022-83-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Long-range, low-power, wide-area network modulation technique (LoRa) is already used in a variety of fields, such as agriculture and healthcare, to reliably transmit a small amount of data above ground. Research measuring the reliability and signal strength of LoRa devices underground, however, is rare. The purpose of this study is to test the signal strength from LoRa devices in a variety of shallow-depth, underground conditions. The experiments are divided into two parts. The first experiment tries to determine the relationship between signal strength and device depth underground. The second experiment tries to determine the relationship between signal strength and soil moisture content. The experimental results are compared with the Modified-Friis model and CRIM-Fresnel model. The results show a decreasing trend in signal strength with increasing depth. The signal strength of LoRa devices in clay is weaker than in sand. However, soil moisture experiments demonstrate that as the soil moisture in sand increases the signal strengthens. In clay, as the soil moisture increases the signal weakens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Nava-Dino, C. G., R. Narro-Garcia, J. P. Flores De los Ríos, M. C. Maldonado-Orozco, N. L. Mendez-Mariscal, and R. G. Bautista-Margulis. "Digital Signal Analysis of Electrochemical Signals of Graphene Oxides for Display Devices." MRS Advances 3, no. 62 (2018): 3723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.612.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTBy using electrochemical tests, small signal variations were study by digital signal processing techniques. Electrochemical noise and electrochemical polarization curves were very useful to obtained electrochemical behavior of alloys, but the low signal levels of measurements obtained showed that some of the information was not likely to be measured and, therefore, not being able to identify. Graphene oxides (GO) samples were prepared by ball milling procedure adding Lithium. SIGVIEW software was used for Digital Signal studies. Comparing, the signals obtained by electrochemical techniques and the research by computational tools; it was possible to find out a behavior path of samples. Display devices made by graphene were observed to provide new information about the structure of samples and how nanotechnology area can be improved. The current investigation aimed at maintaining electrochemical stability, since different deformations, as twisting and bending are quite relevant in portable electronics devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Signal devices'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles