Academic literature on the topic 'Sigma(1385)'

The spectrum of excited states of single and double strange hyperons is only poorly known. Their internal structure is controversially discussed within quark, bag and molecular models. The most famous example is Λ(1405). In this context radiative decays are predicted to be an ideal tool to discriminate between various predictions. Moreover, Ξ− production yield measured by HADES in Ar+KCl@1.76 GeV and p+Nb@3.5 GeV experiments strongly overshoots theory predictions and calls for more detailed studies in elementary collisions. In our poster we show results of the feasibility studies for the HADES detector of the cascade production close to the threshold and also the radiative decays of the excited hyperon states. Three bench mark channels: $pp \to \Lambda (15020){K^ + }p \to \Lambda {e^ + }{e^ - }{K^ + }p$, $pp \to \Lambda (1405){K^ + }p \to \Lambda {e^ + }{e^ - }{K^ + }p$ and $pp \to \Sigma (1385){K^ + }p \to \Lambda {e^ + }{e^ - }{K^ + }p$, at beam energy Ek = 4.5 GeV have been put into extensive simulation studies together with the most significant background channels. We will show the results including expected count rates and signal to background ratios.

Abstract Based on e+e− collision samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb−1 collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.6 GeV and 4.7 GeV, a partial wave analysis of the charmed baryon hadronic decay $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ Λ c + → Λπ+π0 is performed, and the decays $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ Λ c + → Λρ(770)+ and $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ Λ c + → Σ(1385)π are studied for the first time. Making use of the world-average branching fraction $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to \Lambda {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^0\right) $$ B Λ c + → Λ π + π 0 , their branching fractions are determined to be$$ {\displaystyle \begin{array}{c}\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to \Lambda \rho {(770)}^{+}\right)=\left(4.06\pm 0.30\pm 0.35\pm 0.23\right)\times {10}^{-2},\\ {}\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to \varSigma {(1385)}^{+}{\pi}^0\right)=\left(5.86\pm 0.49\pm 0.52\pm 0.35\right)\times {10}^{-3},\\ {}\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to \varSigma {(1385)}^0{\pi}^{+}\right)=\left(6.47\pm 0.59\pm 0.66\pm 0.38\right)\times {10}^{-3},\end{array}} $$ B Λ c + → Λ ρ 770 + = 4.06 ± 0.30 ± 0.35 ± 0.23 × 10 − 2 , B Λ c + → Σ 1385 + π 0 = 5.86 ± 0.49 ± 0.52 ± 0.35 × 10 − 3 , B Λ c + → Σ 1385 0 π + = 6.47 ± 0.59 ± 0.66 ± 0.38 × 10 − 3 , where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, and the third are from the uncertainties of the branching fractions $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_c^{+}\to \varLambda {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^0\right) $$ B Λ c + → Λ π + π 0 and $$ \mathcal{B}\left(\Sigma (1385)\to \Lambda \pi \right) $$ B Σ 1385 → Λ π . In addition, the decay asymmetry parameters are measured to be αΛρ(770)+ = − 0.763 ± 0.053 ± 0.045, $$ {\alpha}_{\Sigma (1385)+{\pi}^0}=-0.917\pm 0.069\pm 0.056 $$ α Σ 1385 + π 0 = − 0.917 ± 0.069 ± 0.056 , and $$ {\alpha}_{\Sigma {(1385)}^0{\pi}^{+}}=-0.789\pm 0.098\pm 0.056 $$ α Σ 1385 0 π + = − 0.789 ± 0.098 ± 0.056 .

AbstractA feasibility study has been performed in order to investigate the performance of the HADES detector to measure the electromagnetic decays of the hyperon resonances $$\Sigma (1385)^{0}$$ Σ ( 1385 ) 0 , $$\Lambda (1405)$$ Λ ( 1405 ) and $$\Lambda (1520)$$ Λ ( 1520 ) as well as the production of double strange baryon systems $$\Xi ^{-}$$ Ξ - and $$\Lambda $$ Λ $$\Lambda $$ Λ in p + p reactions at a beam kinetic energy of $$4.5\,{\mathrm{GeV}}$$ 4.5 GeV . The existing HADES detector will be upgraded by a new Forward Detector, which extends the detector acceptance into a range of polar angles that plays a crucial role for these investigations. The analysis of each channel is preceded by a consideration of the production cross-sections. Afterwards the expected signal count rates using a target consisting of either liquid hydrogen or polyethylene are summarized.

2009/2010
La presente tesi si basa sul lavoro da me e ettuato nell'ambito della collaborazione ALICE. L'obiettivo scientifi co principale dell'esperimento é quello di investigare le proprietà della materia fortemente interagente fino alle elevatissime densità di energia (> 10 GeV/fm^3) e temperatura (~ 0.2 GeV) che verranno fornite da LHC e che ci si aspetta caratterizzino il mezzo formato nelle collisioni tra ioni pesanti a questi regimi. Calcoli di Cromo Dinamica Quantistica (QCD) su reticolo prevedono che in tali condizioni, il confi namento dei quark in adroni privi di carica di colore scompaia e si formi un plasma di quark e gluoni, denominato Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Nelle ultime due decadi, numerose indicazioni della formazione di questo stato della materia sono state osservate negli esperimenti al CERN-SPS ( sqrt{s_{NN}} = 17.3 GeV) e al BNL-RHIC ( sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV). ALICE, quindi, grazie alle energie con cui opera e potrà operare in futuro, aprirà una porta in un regime totalmente nuovo e sinora inesplorato nel campo della sica delle interazioni forti. Il primo capitolo della tesi descrive per linee generali i fondamenti della QCD descrivendo le basi della sica del Plasma di Quark e Gluoni. Si so erma quindi nella descrizione di grandezze caratteristiche del tipo di fisica sotto esame e delle osservabili (probes) che possono testimonare la comparsa del QGP nelle collisioni fra ioni pesanti, con attenzione particolare riguardo a quelle legate alla produzione di stranezza. Vengono inoltre illustrati alcuni dei risultati principali ottenuti dagli esperimenti all'SPS e a RHIC nonché alcune delle primissime misure e ffettuate da ALICE. Nel secondo capitolo é presentata una breve descrizione della macchina LHC seguita da un'ampia panoramica delle varie componenti del rivelatore ALICE, delle rispettive prestazioni, nonché del framework di calcolo messo a punto per la gestione e l'analisi dell'enorme mole di dati prodotti dall'esperimento. Il terzo capitolo approfondisce in maniera piú specifi ca uno degli aspetti piú rilevanti della fi sica studiata da ALICE, ovvero la fi sica delle risonanze strane quale strumento per lo studio della evoluzione dinamica del QGP, in particolare durante la fase di ra reddamento. Tra le numerose risonanze strane oggetto di possibile indagine, alcuni modelli teorici conferiscono particolare rilevanza alla risonanza Sigma(1385) della quale verrano discusse le caratteristiche e gli studi che la concernono eff ettuati dall'esperimento STAR a RHIC. Il quarto capitolo entra quindi nell'ambito speci fico del lavoro svolto per questa tesi, ovvero lo studio della Sigma(1385) in ALICE, in collisioni protone-protone, nel canale di decadimento forte Lambda-pi. Verranno dapprima illustrati gli studi eff ettuati su simulazioni protone-protone all'energia di 10 TeV nel centro di massa, realizzati al ne di mettere a punto la procedura di analisi. Saranno descritte la procedura implementata per l'estrazione del segnale, la valutazione del fondo ed il fi t ai dati, nonché lo studio portato avanti per l'ottimizzazione dei tagli implementati al fine di massimizzare il rapporto segnale su rumore e la valutazione delle incertezze sistematiche. Il quinto ed ultimo capitolo illustrerà l'applicazione delle procedure descritte ai dati raccolti in collisioni protone-protone alle energie di 900 GeV e 7 TeV nel centro di massa, analisi fondamentale per il tuning dei modelli esistenti nonché come riferimento per le analisi in collisioni piombo-piombo che non rientrano nell'ambito di questa tesi. I tagli applicati sono stati quindi nuovamente ottimizzati in modo da verificare la bontà del metodo messo a punto su dati simulati e sono state valutate le incertezze sistematiche. Il capitolo termina con l'illustrazione dei risultati ottenuti. Dapprima i valori di massa e larghezza estratti dalle distribuzioni integrali in massa invariante, riscontrati in accordo con i valori riportati nel Particle Data Book; poi gli spettri di fferenziali in funzione del momento e della massa trasversi opportunamente ttati. I risultati vengono infine confrontati sia con le simulazioni prodotte alla medesima energia realizzate sulla base di diversi modelli teorici sia, in via del tutto preliminare, con i risultati ottenuti da STAR a sqrt{s} = 200 GeV.
This thesis work was carried out in the context of the ALICE collaboration. The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment will study Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) until the center of mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.5 TeV, the highest ever reached. The main physics goal of the experiment is the creation and the investigation of the properties of the strongly-interacting matter in the conditions of high energy density (> 10 GeV/fm^3) and high temperatures (~ 0.2 GeV), expected to characterize the medium formed in central heavy-ion collisions at these energies. Under these conditions, according to lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) calculations, quark confinement into colorless hadrons should fade and a deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) should be formed. In the past two decades, experiments at CERN-SPS ( sqrt{s_{NN} = 17.3 GeV) and BNL-RHIC ( sqrt{s_{NN} = 200 GeV) have gathered ample evidences for the formation of this state of matter. ALICE, therefore, thanks to the energies available now and in the next future, will open a door in a whole and completely unexplored new regime for the physics of the strong interactions. The first chapter of this thesis describes at a general level the cornerstones of the QCD and of the Quark-Gluon Plasma physics. Then it concentrates on the description of the main quantities related to the topics under analysis and on the so-called probes of the creation of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions. Particular attention will be put on the strangeness production related probes. Moreover some of the most important results obtained by the experiments at SPS and RHIC will be presented together with the very first measurements performed by ALICE. A very short description of the LHC machine and its features opens the second chapter followed by a wide overview of the ALICE detector and of its performances, in addiction with a description of the computing framework built for the collection and the analysis of the huge amount of data provided by the experiment. The third chapter will describe in more details one of the most relevant aspects of the physics studied by ALICE, i.e. the physics of the strange resonances as fundamental tool for the QGP dynamic evolution analysis, in particular during the freeze-out phase. Among them, some theoretical models consider much relevant the Sigma(1385). It will be described in detail, with particular attention to the studies performed on it by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The forth chapter is dedicated to this specific topic, i.e. the Sigma(1385) study at ALICE in proton-proton collisions, in the strong decay channel Lambda-pi. First of all the studies performed on simulated data at sqrt{s} = 10 TeV will be described. They were realized in order to built a dedicated analysis procedure. The implemented method for the signal extraction, background evaluation and the data fit will be described together with the optimized cuts introduced in order to find an optimal set able to maximize the signal over background ratio. Then the systematic uncertainties evaluation is presented. The application of the described procedure to the data collected in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 900 GeV and 7 TeV, is then presented in the fifth and last chapter. This analysis is crucial for the tuning of the existing models and is an important benchmark for the next lead-lead collisions analysis. A new cut optimization will be performed in order to check the consistence of the procedure built using the simulated data. The systematic uncertainties will be evaluated at both energies. The results obtained (both integral and di erential in the transverse momentum) will be shown and discussed together with a comparison with some dedicated simulations provided at the same energy with different models and with a very preliminary comparison with the STAR results at sqrt{s} = 200 GeV.
XXIII Ciclo
1982

Thirteen N* states have been well-established according to the Particle Data Group, but some relativized quark models predict that many more N* resonances exist. Diquark models predict that the N* spectrum is limited by a correlated quark-pair in the nucleon, but there is strong evidence for the existence of the [Special characters omitted.] (1900)** resonance, which is absent in diquark models. Measuring the spectrum of N* states will provide valuable information on the relevant degrees of freedom within the nucleons. Most of the experimental searches for the N* states have been conducted in the πN channel. Some models of baryon decays predict that most of the unobserved N* states couple somewhat weakly to the πN channel, and that some couple non-negligibly to the KY, K*Y , and KY* channels. Measurements of the cross sections and polarization observables of strangeness photoproduction reactions can provide additional information on the spectrum of N* states. These measurements can be used in coupled-channel partial-wave analyses that can provide simultaneous constraints on the N* resonance parameters from several channels. These analyses can also take into account hadronic rescattering, which is predicted to have a large effect on the measured cross sections. However, to determine the isospin decomposition of the photo-transition amplitudes to these channels, photoproduction measurements are necessary on both the proton and the neutron. Measurements of the differential cross sections of the γn [arrow right] K* (892) 0 Λ and γn [arrow right] K + Σ*(1385) - reactions have been performed using data from the Jefferson Lab Hall B CLAS g13 experiment. No experimental cross section data have yet been published on the γn [arrow right] K* (892) 0 Λ reaction, and the only published cross section data on the γn [arrow right] K + Σ*(1385) - reaction are limited to forward angles, where t -channel K + and K* + exchanges are predicted to dominate. These cross sections are compared against theoretical models to study the channel interactions that give rise to their distributions. These reactions also have the same final state particles ( K + π - pπ - ), so studies of their potential interference were performed as well. A measurement of the γn [arrow right] pπ - cross section was also performed, and the agreement with published results within the uncertainties validated the integrity of the data and procedures used in this analysis.