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1
PICCO, ANDREA. "Resonance effects in the Raman analysis of sige nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28617.
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In the last two decades, attention has raised towards SiGe nanostructures for applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Many efforts have been payed in order to control the growth of the nanostructures and characterize their structural properties: for this purpose, a wide series of different experimental techniques have been developed. Raman spectroscopy of SiGe is commonly used to obtain information about the average values of composition and strain inside the nanostructures. Actually, due to the lack of data about the Raman efficiency of SiGe as a function of the alloy composition and the excitation light frequency, it is not possible to extract information about the composition profiles which are known to be present inside the structures and deeply affect their optoelectronic properties.
In this work, the Raman efficiency of SiGe is measured across the whole compositional range for six different excitation light energies in the UV and VIS range. Strong resonances in the Raman efficiency of SiGe are observed, related to the direct electronic transitions in the material: their origin is explained by means of the theory and confirmed by semiempirical calculations.
Then, a numerical tool is presented, which is able to analyze the Raman spectrum of an inhomogeneous SiGe structure and extract information about its internal composition profile by taking into account the effects of the resonance on the SiGe Raman efficiency. The methodology is validated by means of a calibrated SiGe sample, and applied to the study of SiGe islands. The internal composition profile of the islands obtained with this methodology is in good agreement with the results of independent techniques. Finally, the powers and limitations of the methodology are investigated.
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SCOPECE, DANIELE. "Surface and interface effects on the stability of SiGe nanoislands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28452.
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Deposition of Ge upon Si substrates is the prototype of the mechanism called Stranski-
Krastanov growth, i.e. the self-assembled formation of 3D islands, following the formation
of a thin, 2D Wetting Layer.
As is shown in Chapter 1, the nucleation of these islands is random and non-uniform
when the deposition is performed upon the standard Si(001) substrate.
Deposition of SiGe on different substrates of Si can lead, however, to a high degree of
uniformity. Some examples are described in Chapters 3 and 4.
The aim of this thesis is to supply a quantitative analysis for some peculiar phenomena
concerning island nucleation that occurs on these non-standard substrates.
This is performed through the evaluation of the internal energy of the island (including
also effects on the substrate) as discussed at length in Chapter 2, where the elastic, surface
and edge energy contributions are described, focusing particular attention to the second
one, that turns out to be quite complicated.
Particular attention is devoted to the island nucleation on stepped substrates of Si
(Chapter 4). An in-depth analysis of the formation of faceting upon the substrate Si(1 1 10)
is carried out in Chapter 5, whereas Chapter 6 deals with the transition from the faceting
to three-dimensional islands on this peculiar system.
Conclusions are drawn in Chapter 7.
Appendices A and B contain some additional information regarding the elastic field
and the description of surfaces.
In Appendix C an analysis of the strained surface energy is carried out.
In Appendix D some preliminary work performed during the PhD period on other impor-
tant surfaces for the SiGe system is discussed.
Finally at page 203 a Curriculum Vitae is reported.
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Hermanns-Auðardóttir, Margrét. "Islands tidiga bosättning : studier med utgångspunkt i merovingertida-vikingatida gårdslämningar i Herjólfsdalur, Vestmannaeyjar, Island /." Umeå : Umeå universitet, Arkeologiska institutionen, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041071.
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Head, Rosemary Florence. "The long-term health effects of the 1944-45 Channel Islands siege." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497631.
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Gragg, Joan Elisabeth. "Seeing the funny side: focusing on Cook Islands humour in the experience of the religious pageant Nuku." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/908.
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This multi-media art project investigates the notion of Cook Islands humour, and subsequently place, through the context of the religious pageant Nuku. This pageant has been practiced annually in the Cook Islands for over one hundred and sixty years. While it is not a pageant based on humour, I suggest, through experience and research, that many of the characteristics of Cook Islands humour are revealed in Nuku. The aim of this project is not to recreate the narrative set out in the Nuku pageant but to use this event to explore ways to visually express the humour of the Cook Islands. After researching and experimenting in two dimensional mediums, my emphasis changed to experimenting with three dimensional mediums, incorporating materials that have connotative meanings in Cook Islands society.
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Lemos, Helena Maria Roennau. "The dark side is the bright side, in Robinson Crusoe : a transdisciplinary reading of Daniel Defoe's novel." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7922.
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Este estudo propõe uma leitura do século 21 de Robinson Crusoe, do escritor inglês Daniel Defoe, buscando identificar as razões que fazem a história do náufrago que vive numa ilha deserta por 28 anos permanecer excepcionalmente popular no mundo ocidental por três séculos. A leitura é um exercício prático do pensamento complexo, que constitui um dos três pilares da transdisciplinaridade, definido pelo pensador francês Edgar Morin. Esse enfoque consiste na identificação de padrões e inter-relações entre elementos internos do texto e externos a ele. O pensamento complexo conecta o conhecimento empírico/lógico/racional à sabedoria simbólica/mitológica/mágica. O estudo tem início com um retrospecto da carreira de Robinson Crusoe, considerando os textos fundadores que podem ter influenciado sua criação, e os inúmeros textos imitativos que se seguiram à sua publicação, originando um subgênero literário, das Robinsonadas. Uma síntese da biografia de Defoe ilustra o cenário de um mundo europeu de mudanças científicas, políticas e sociais radicais. O contexto e a fortuna crítica do autor são colocados lado a lado com a contribuição de estudos de filosofia da ciência, psicologia analítica, mitologia, antropologia e religião, na investigação do imaginário inscrito no romance. O capítulo quatro apresenta minha leitura transdisciplinar de Robinson Crusoe, destinada a demonstrar que a popularidade duradoura do romance é devida a seu poder de transmitir significados velados, conectados com elementos constitutivos do imaginário do mundo ocidental.This study proposes a twenty-first-century reading of Robinson Crusoe, by British writer Daniel Defoe, aiming to identify the reasons why the story of the castaway who lives on an uninhabited island for 28 years has remained remarkably popular in the Western world for almost three centuries. The reading is a drill on Complex Thinking, as defined by French epistemologist Edgar Morin, one of the pillars of Transdisciplinarity. This approach consists of the identification of patterns and interrelationships among elements inside the text and elements external to it, in the light of a number of disciplines involved in the study. Complex Thinking connects empirical/logical/rational knowledge to symbolic/mythological/magical wisdom. The study starts with a review of the career of the book, considering the founding texts which might have influenced the creation of Robinson Crusoe, and the myriad of mimetic texts that followed its publication, giving birth to a literary subgenre, the Robinsonade. A glance at the life of Defoe is also offered, so as to illustrate the context of a European world of radical scientific, political and social changes. Contexts and the critical heritage of the work are put together with symbolic data that prove relevant for the research on the imaginary inscribed in the novel. Chapter three acknowledges the aid of a number of studies in the fields of philosophy of science, analytical psychology, mythology, anthropology and religion, which enabled me to interrelate diverse levels of reading. Chapter four offers my transdisciplinary reading of Robinson Crusoe, in which I endeavor to demonstrate that the continued popularity of the novel derives from its capacity to convey concealed meanings connected with elements constitutive of the Imaginary of the Western world.
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Ramaswamy, Vivek. "Oskarshamn - A Smart Energy Island Assessment." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182669.
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Mitigating climate change lies to a large part within the Energy System. In order to make it sustainable and efficient, policies have to be framed accordingly. This study focuses on formulation of policies based on future projections of the energy demand in Oskarshamn municipality of Sweden. Oskarshamn is a former industrial municipality, whose economic activity is in decline and it requires policies that accelerates its growth. It is also stereo-typical of much of Europe, as industrial activities are transferred elsewhere and regions are left to re-invent themselves. Questions such as “how to make the existing system more efficient” and “what is the best energy saving alternative”, have to be answered. For which, Long range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) tool is used to create scenarios based on different pathways and to project the energy demand in the future. The business as usual scenario is compared with mitigation scenario considering various energy efficiency measures. The measures mainly focus on Demand Side Management and improving energy lifestyle interactions. Examples include the impact of electric vehicles (EV) in the transport sector and effects of better insulation in residential buildings, etc. Nuclear is currently the main source and would possibly be phased out in the horizon and thus creating a need for alternative and sustainable sources of energy. The renewable energy scenario focuses on proposals for mixing renewable fuels in the energy supply side. These are not without costs and opportunities which are discussed in the study. The outcomes work a clear delineation of Greenhouse gas mitigation options, which in collaboration with the municipality would form the basis for a policy action plan.
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Forbes, Véronique. "LES MODES ET LES CONDITIONS DE VIE DES FERMIERS ISLANDAIS AU 20E SIÈCLE. Reconstitutions archéoentomologiques de la vie quotidienne sur la ferme de Vatnsfjördur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26514/26514.pdf.
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Gravouniotis, Paraskevas. "Seasonal power peaking and the diffusion of demand-side technologies : modelling socio-economic & technical dynamics in the Greek Islands." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12033.
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Einarsson, Bjarni F. "The settlement of Iceland : a critical approach : Granastaðir and the ecological heritage /." Reykjavik : Hið islenskabókmenntafélag, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366896748.
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Pegg, Brian Peter. "The taphonomic history of the vertebrate faunal assemblage from British Camp, San Juan Islands, Washington." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51445.pdf.
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Leger, Daniel J. "The Influences and Consequences of Nest Site Choice by the Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) on a Man-made Island." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1555087011078087.
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Larsson, Paulina. "A comparison of the temperature climate at twourban sites in Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302887.
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Meteorological data from two observation sites in Uppsala, the Observatory Park (Op) andthe Geocentre (Gc), during the period January 1998 to September 2000, have been used tocheck the differences in the temperature climate at the two places. Since Op is situatedcloser to the city centre than Gc the site is thought to be more affected by the so calledurban heat island effect. Dependence on different meteorological parameters, time of theday and time of the year, has been investigated and different methods to correct thetemperature for the inhomogeneity that was introduced when the observation site wasmoved from the Observatory Park to the Geocentre. From the different methods investigated it is shown that to correct the temperaturesmeasured at the Geocentre to make them represent the conditions at the Observatory Parka division according to wind speed, wind direction, cloudiness and time of the year wasshown to be the most reliable method. But if it had been possible to divide the material alsointo hours of the day, this would probably have increased the reliability of the correction.For practical purposes a correction simply based on the monthly mean differences betweenthe two sites is probably accurate enough, as the most important factor is the annual cycle inthe temperature difference between the two urban sites.Väderdata från två observationsplatser i Uppsala, Observatorieparken (Op) och Geocentrum(Gc), under perioden januari 1998 till september 2000, har använts för att undersökaskillnader i temperaturklimatet vid de två platserna. Eftersom Op ligger närmare stadenscentrum än Gc, anses platsen vara mer påverkad av den så kallade värmeöeffekten. Beroendeav olika meteorologiska parametrar, tid på dygnet och tid på året, har undersökts, samt olikametoder att korrigera för inhomogeniteten i temperaturen som introducerades dåobservationsplatsen flyttades från Observatorieparken till Geocentrum. Bland de olika metoder som undersökts för att korrigera de vid Geocentrum uppmättatemperaturerna så att de ska representera förhållandena vid Observatorieparken, visas enuppdelning med avseende på vindhastighet, vindriktning, molnighet och tid på året vara denmest pålitliga metoden, men hade det varit möjligt att dela in materialet även i tid på dygnet,skulle detta troligtvis ha ökat pålitligheten av korrektionen. För praktisk användning är enkorrektion baserad endast på de månatliga medelskillnaderna mellan de två platsernaantagligen tillräcklig, eftersom den viktigaste faktorn är den årliga cykeln itemperaturskillnaden mellan de två platserna.
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Lusaka, Mwayi Woyamba. "Conserving spaces of memory and heritage: the complexities, challenges and politics of the stone wall project on bluestone quarry at Robben Island." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4951.
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Magister Artium - MAThis thesis is a critical study of a conservation project on restoration of a Stone Wall at Bluestone Quarry on Robben Island, a world heritage site. The Stone Wall was built by the ex-political prisoners, in the early 1960s, as part of their hard labour. The thesis mainly focuses on the contestations that arose during the twelve year period of the project (2002 to 2014) among the stakeholders that included the ex-political prisoners, the environmentalists, the heritage managers and South African Heritage Resource Agency. Central to this study was the question, when a restoration project of a significant heritage site is informed by oral history and memories how are the concerns of diverse range of interest groups addressed and resolved? The thesis is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of sites of memory, heritage and conservation. The study involved both archival research and oral history as its research methodologies. The thesis shows that during the restoration project of the Stone Wall, the proposed designs had impacts on authenticity and biodiversity of the site. The various stakeholders that were involved debated and sought ways to influence decisions in resolving these impacts. Where necessary compromises were made. The thesis argues that during the project, oral history and memory work, and by extension the ex-political prisoners, had a significant role in influencing some of the important decisions. Among other things, the thesis seeks to provide a critical understanding of issues of heritage and conservation management on sites that are of cultural/historical significance.
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Blacky, Nosipho. "Organization management challenges of national heritage institutions in South Africa : a case study of the Robben Island Museum (RIM)." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5083.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAIn January 1997, Robben Island Museum (RIM) opened its doors to the public as a tourist destination. This was done without any formal management structure or strategic planning, to cope not only with its mandate as the first National Museum of the new democratic South Africa, but also to meet the demand of the great interest of visitors to see this prison where the icon of the liberation struggle, Nelson Mandela was incarcerated for 27 years. This operational take-off without formal administrative management structure and strategic planning was understandable given the social and political transitional climate in the country. The effect thereof as the old adage states ‘failure to plan is planning for failure’ seems to hold true for RIM who is struggling to become a well-managed national heritage site. RIM over the years have been beset with governance and management challenges and enjoyed continual bad publicity. The study’s aim was to bring an understanding of what the major governance and managerial challenges were and to make recommendations to address those. The study was guided by a central research question namely What were the administrative and management challenges of RIM and in what ways did it impact on the operational effectiveness of RIM as a national museum and World heritage site. A number of findings emanated from the study. A key one was that clarity of roles and responsibilities of the council and the management is required. Furthermore, the vision and mission of RIM must inform the formulation of strategies to give effect thereto. This in turn must be the base for the development of an appropriate organisational structure to implement the strategies. A number of recommendation stems from the research. An important one was that appointment must be on the basis of ‘fit for purpose’. This means that staff with the right skills and capacity should be appointed as a matter of priority. In conclusion, the findings of the study could be used by other heritage organisations faced with similar organisational challenges.
Robben Island Museum Training and Development Staff Bursary
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Causevic, Morana. "Le nord de l'Adriatique entre l'Antiquité et l'Antiquité tardive : urbanisation, dynamique de peuplement et construction territoriale d'un espace insulaire et côtier entre le Ier et le VIe siècle : le Kvarner et ses marges (la Liburnie septentrionale)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0007.
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Kimble, Elicia Victoria. "Archaeological Survey and Testing on St. Vincent Island, Northwest Florida." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4349.
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St. Vincent Island is one of the barrier islands in the Florida panhandle between Apalachicola Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. The St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge encompasses all 5000 hectares of the island. Archaeological fieldwork in the summer of 2009 included a survey of the entire island and a test unit at one of the island's richest sites. In spring of 2010 a second test unit was excavated at another archaeologically rich site. A total of 16 known sites were investigated and two newly discovered sites recorded. This research combines all these data with information obtained from existing artifact collections and archives, as well as results of a widespread geological survey of the island, in order to characterize the prehistoric archaeological record on the island, which stretches back at least 4000 years or more, to the time of the island's first formation.
Subsistence, settlement patterns, site use, and change through time in the human adaptation on St. Vincent are described in relation to the preexisting cultural chronology of the region, especially that of other barrier islands. Settlement from all time periods is
concentrated on the north and east shorelines, with not much human use of the island interior until recent historic time. Geological indication of sea level fluctuations on the islands oldest shoreline section, on the northeast tip, is combined with archaeological
evidence to suggest responses to rising sea levels.
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Cridland, Jennifer. "Late prehistoric Indian subsistence in northeastern Newfoundland : faunal analysis of Little Passage Complex assemblages from the Beaches and Inspector Island sites /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34174.pdf.
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Walker, Kevin R. "Climatic Dependence of Terrestrial Species Assemblage Structure." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23697.
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An important goal of ecological studies is to identify and explain patterns or variation in species assemblages. Ecologists have discovered that global variation in the number of species in an assemblage relates strongly to climate, area, and topographic variability in terrestrial environments. Is the same true for other characteristics of species assemblages?
The focus of this thesis is to determine whether species assemblage structure, defined primarily as the body mass frequency distributions and species abundance distributions relate in convergent ways to a set of a few environmental variables across broad spatial scales.
First, I found that for mammals and trees most of their geographic variation across North and South America in assemblage structure is statistically related to temperature, precipitation, and habitat heterogeneity (e.g. different vegetation types) in convergent ways.
I then examined bird assemblages across islands and continents. Despite the evolutionary and ecological differences between island and continental assemblages, I found that much of the variation in bird assemblage structure depends on temperature, precipitation, land area, and island isolation in congruent patterns in continent and island bird assemblages.
Frank Preston modeled species richness based on the total number of individuals and the number of individuals of the rarest species. Building on Preston’s model, Chapter 2 hypothesized that gradients of diversity correlate with gradients in the number of individuals of the rarest species, which in turn are driven by gradients in temperature and precipitation. This hypothesis assumes that species abundance distributions relate to temperature and precipitation in similar ways anywhere in the world. I found that both the number of individuals of the rarest species (m) and the proportion of species represented by a single individual in samples of species assemblages (Φ) were strongly related to climate. Moreover, global variation in species richness was more strongly related to these measures of rarity than to climate. I propose that variation in the shape of the log-normal species abundance distribution is responsible for global gradients of species richness: rare species (reflected in m and Φ) persist better in benign climates.
Even though body mass frequency distributions of assemblages show convergent patterns in relation to a set of a few environmental variables, the question remains as to what processes are responsible for creating the geographical variation in the body-size distribution of species. Several mechanisms (e.g. heat conservation and resource availability hypotheses) have been proposed to explain this variation. Chapter 5 tested and found no empirical support for the predictions derived from each of these mechanisms; I showed that species of all sizes occur across the entire temperature gradient.
In conclusion, assemblage structure among various taxonomic groups across broad spatial scales relate in similar ways to a set of a few environmental variables, primarily mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. While the exact mechanisms are still unknown, I hypothesize several to explain the patterns of convergent assembly.
Résumé
Un but important de l'écologie est d'identifier et d'expliquer la variation de premier ordre dans les caractéristiques des assemblages d'espèces. Un des patrons ayant déjà été identifié par les écologistes, c'est que la variation mondiale de la richesse en espèces est liée à la variation du climat, de l'aire et de la topographie. Est-ce que d'autres caractéristiques des assemblages d'espèces peuvent être reliées à ces mêmes variables?
Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer si la structure des assemblages d'espèces, ici définie comme la distribution des fréquences de masse corporelle ainsi que la distribution d'abondances des espèces, est reliée de manière convergente à un petit ensemble de variables environnementales, et ce, partout dans le monde.
D'abord, j'ai déterminé que, pour les mammifères et les arbres, la majorité de la variation géographique dans la structure des assemblages d'espèces est reliée statistiquement à température, précipitation, et l’hétérogénéité du couvert végétal , et ce, de manière convergente pour l'Amérique du Nord et du Sud.
Je me suis ensuite penché sur l'assemblage des oiseaux sur les îles et les continents. Malgré les larges différences évolutives et écologiques qui distinguent les îles des continents, je démontre que la majorité de la variation dans la structure des assemblages d'oiseaux dépend de la température, la précipitation, la superficie et l’isolation de façon congruente sur les îles et les continents.
Frank Preston a modélisé la richesse en espèces d'une localité, basée sur le nombre total d'individus ainsi que le nombre d'individus de l’espèce la plus rare. En s'appuyant sur les modèles de Preston, Chapître 3 propose une nouvelle hypothèse voulant que les gradients de diversité dépendent des gradients du nombre d'individus de l’espèce la plus rare. Celle-ci dépend des gradients de température et de précipitation. Cette hypothèse repose sur le postulat que la distribution d’abondances des espèces dépend de la température et la précipitation, et ce, de la même manière n’importe où au monde. J’ai mis en évidence que le nombre d’individus de l’espèce la plus rare (m), ainsi que la proportion d’espèces représentées par un individu unique () dans des échantillons locaux étaient fortement reliés au climat. D’ailleurs, la variation globale de la richesse en espèces était plus fortement reliée à ces indices de rareté qu’au climat. Je propose que la variation dans la forme de la distribution log-normale d’abondances d’individus soit responsable des gradients mondiaux de richesse en espèces. En d’autres mots, les espèces rares (indiquées par m et ) persistent mieux dans des climats bénins.
Malgré que la distribution des fréquences de masse corporelle des assemblages d'espèces soit liée de manière convergente à seulement quelques variables environnementales, la question demeure à savoir quels processus sont responsables des gradients géographiques de variation en masse corporelle des espèces. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été proposés pour expliquer cette variation. Dans Chapitre 5, j'ai testé les prédictions dérivées de chacun de ces mécanismes sans trouver de support empirique pour aucun. Je démontre aussi que des espèces de toutes tailles se retrouvent sur le gradient de température en entier.
En conclusion, la structure des assemblages d'espèces, pour différents groupes taxonomiques et à travers le monde, est liée de façon similaire à un petit nombre de variables environnementales. Bien que les mécanismes soient encore inconnus, j'en propose plusieurs pouvant expliquer ces patrons d'assemblages convergents.
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Gay, Thomas Joseph. "Assessment of tidal stream energy potential for Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37293.
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The energy of the tides represents one globally existent source of renewable energy, and has the potential to play a major role in a sustainable future. An assessment of the potential for tidal energy extraction using marine current turbines at a particular location in the Beaufort River near Parris Island, South Carolina is presented. The Marine Corps Recruit Depot located on Parris Island is situated between the confluence of the Broad and Beaufort Rivers. These rivers are tidally dominated, and experience some of the largest tidal ranges in the southeastern United States, between 2.5 and 3 meters during spring tide periods. Because Parris Island already has much of the necessary land-based infrastructure in place, there is logical potential for the extraction of kinetic energy from the nearby tidal streams using underwater turbines for power production. In order to evaluate the potential of a particular location to produce significant amounts of energy using these types of devices, extensive investigations must be conducted to determine important site characteristics such as water depth, current velocity, and water level fluctuations over time. This potential was investigated using in-situ measurements in the vicinity of the pump station on Parris Island, and by developing a numerical model of the region using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). This model was calibrated using the results from the in-situ measurements, and was then used to determine the impacts of tidal energy extraction on the local flow field.
Results from in-situ measurements indicate that tidal currents along the portion of the Beaufort River analyzed in this study are driven primarily by the semi-diurnal M2 tidal constituent. The tidal range at the study site is approximately 2 meters on average, with a mean depth-averaged current velocity magnitude of 0.57 m/s predicted for a period of one year. A mean depth-averaged current velocity magnitude of 0.59 m/s was observed over the course of the longer-term ADCP deployment from November 12 to December 17, 2009. The maximum current speed at the site is approximately 1.2 m/s at the water surface. The ROMS model applied to the coastal areas surrounding Parris Island, SC produces results that closely resemble in-situ measurements collected previously during both the boat-based survey and the longer-term ADCP deployment. In the analysis of the effects of energy extraction from the system, four separate cases were considered in which 10, 20, 30, and 60% of the total kinetic energy contained in the flow was dissipated near the location of the longer-term ADCP deployment. Minimal impacts on the local hydrodynamics were observed across the four cases considered.
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Le, Breton Éline. "Differential spreading along the North East Atlantic ridge system and post-breakup deformation of the adjacent continental margins." Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3a45a239-35ea-4751-9544-30854d9008d1.
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La théorie de la tectonique des plaques implique que les plaques lithosphériques soient rigides. Or les reconstructions de l'ouverture de l'océan Atlantique Nord Est, utilisant deux plaques rigides (Eurasie et Groenland), conduisent à des écarts et recouvrements des plaques. De plus, l'ouverture océanique de la zone située entre l'Islande et la zone de fracture de Jan Mayen (JMFZ) fut très complexe, incluant la formation progressive du microcontinent de Jan Mayen et un saut de ride entre la dorsale d'Aegir et de Kolbeinsey. J'ai développé une méthode de reconstruction palinspastique d'ouverture de l'Atlantique Nord Est, à partir de données d'anomalies magnétiques et de zones de fracture, méthode qui permet d'obtenir un bon ajustement des anomalies magnétiques. Le modèle prédit des différences de direction et de taux d'ouverture entre les segments océaniques. Cette ouverture différentielle a induit des mouvements décrochants sénestres le long des zones de fractures océaniques, compatibles avec le développement de structures compressives le long de la marge continentale européenne, (1) de l'Éocène inférieur à l'Oligocène supérieur, le long de la zone de fracture des îles Féroé (FFZ), et (2) de l'Éocène supérieur à Oligocène inférieur, et au Miocène, le long de la JMFZ. Aussi, j'ai mis en évidence, par une étude de terrain, une réactivation Cénozoïque en dextre de la Great Glen Fault, en Ecosse, que j'interprète comme étant due aux mouvements senestres le long de la FFZ. Je suggère également que les forces motrices proviennent du point chaud, actuellement sous l'Islande, qui était en mesure de générer une ouverture différentielle de l'Atlantique Nord Est et les déformations compressives de la marge continentale européenneOne of the main assumptions of the theory of plate tectonics is that all lithospheric plates are rigid. However, reconstructions of the opening of the North East Atlantic Ocean, on the basis of two rigid plates (Eurasia and Greenland), lead to gaps and overlaps between the plates. Also, the area between Iceland and the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone (JMFZ) had a complex spreading history, including progressive separation of the Jan Mayen Microcontinent and a ridge jump from the Aegir to Kolbeinsey Ridge. I have developed a method of palinspastic reconstruction of the opening of the North East Atlantic, using magnetic anomalies and fracture zones. The model ensures a good fit of the magnetic anomalies and predicts differences in the direction and rate of sea-floor spreading between the North East Atlantic ridge systems. This differential spreading generated left-lateral strike-slip deformation along oceanic fracture zones : (1) from Early Eocene to Late Oligocene, along the Faeroe Fracture Zone (FFZ) ; and (2) from Late Eocene to Early Oligocene and during the Miocene, along the JMFZ. Such motion and relative rotation between the oceanic segments are compatible with the development of inversion structures on the North West European Margin at these times. Furthermore, a field study along the Great Glen Fault (GGF), NE Scotland, provided additional evidence for right-lateral reactivation of the GGF during the Cenozoic. I infer this to be a result of left-lateral slip along the FFZ. I also suggest that the driving forces came from the Iceland Mantle Plume, which was in a position to generate differential sea-floor spreading along the NE Atlantic and resulting deformation of the North West European margin
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Jewell, Oliver Joseph David. "Foraging ecology of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias at Dyer Island, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30926.
Full textAbstract:
Dyer Island is thought to host one of the most abundant populations of
white sharks on the planet; this is often credited to the large (55 – 60,000) Cape fur
seal colony at Geyser Rock. Yet relatively little work has ever been produced from
the area. This may be attributed to the harshness in its location as a study site, exposed
to wind and swell from west to east which limits research periods. This study
accounts for over 220 hrs of manual tracking at Dyer Island with a further 68 added
from the inshore shallow areas of the bay. Sharks focused their movements and
habitat use to reefs or channels that allowed access to Cape fur seals. Movement-
Based Kernel Estimates (MKDE) were used to compute home range estimates for
shark movements through and around the heterogeneous structures of Dyer Island and
Geyser Rock. Inshore two core areas were revealed, one being the major reef system
at Joubertsdam and the other at a kelp reef where the tracked shark had fed on a Cape
fur seal. At Dyer Island one core area was identified in a narrow channel, ‘Shark
Alley’, here a second tracked shark foraged for entire days within meters of rafting
Cape fur seals.
Rate of Movement (ROM) and Linearity (LI) of tracks were low during daytime and
movements were focused around areas such as Shark Alley or other areas close to the
seal colony before moving into deeper water or distant reefs with higher rates of ROM
and LI at night. If moonlight was strong foraging would take place to the south of
Geyser Rock but with higher ROM and LI than observed during the day. Foraging
patterns in this study contrast studies from other sites in South Africa and home range
and activity areas were comparatively much smaller than observed in Mossel Bay. It has been established that several known white sharks forage at Dyer Island and the
other studied aggregation sites, such differences in foraging would suggest that they
are able to adapt their foraging behaviour to suit the environment they are in; making
them site specific in their foraging ecology.
Both satellite and acoustic telemetry are revealing aggregation hotspots of white
sharks in South Africa. It is important that such information is used to assist the
recovery of the species which has been protected since 1991, yet is rarely considered
in planning of coastal developments.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Schmechel, Frances A. "Aspects of habitat selection, population dynamics, and breeding biology in the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis)." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1814.
Full textAbstract:
In the late 1980s the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis) (CIO) was estimated at less than 110 individuals. Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, it was feared to be declining and, based on existing productivity estimates, in danger of extinction within 50-70 years. These declines were thought to be caused by numerous changes since the arrival of humans, including the introduction of several terrestrial predators, the establishment of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) which changes dune profiles, and increased disturbance along the coastline. The New Zealand Department of Conservation has undertaken recovery planning and conservation management to increase CIO numbers since the late 1980s. Recovery planning raised some key research questions concerning the population dynamics, habitat selection, and breeding biology of Chatham Island oystercatcher (CIO), and the critical factors currently limiting the population. The objectives of this study were to collect and interpret data on: 1) population size, trends, and distribution across the Chathams, 2) basic breeding parameters, 3) recruitment and mortality rates, 4) habitat selection at the general, territorial and nest-site levels, 5) habitat factors that are correlated with territory quality, and 6) cues that elicit territorial behaviour in CIO.
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Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf. "Abundance and predatory impact of killer whales at Marion Island." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27643.
Full textAbstract:
Killer whales are the oceans’ apex predator and are known to have important effects on ecosystems. At Subantarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean, they have only been studied opportunistically, resulting in limited knowledge of their ecosystem impact here. This dissertation describes the prey and seasonal abundance, estimates the population size and assesses the predatory impact of killer whales on seals and penguins at Marion Island, using dedicated and opportunistic shore-based observations and photographic identification, from 2006 to 2009. During 823 sightings of killer whales at Marion Island (2006 to 2009) 48 predation events were recorded; in only 10 cases could prey be identified. Killer whales fed on fur seals, elephant seals and penguins. Constant effort (dedicated) observations (259 hours, 2008 to 2009) showed that killer whale abundance, which peaked in September to December with a secondary peak in April to May, is linked to the abundance of seals and penguins. Mark-recapture analyses were performed using nearly 10 000 photographs taken from 2006 to 2009. Following careful quality control criteria 37 individuals were identified and a population size of 42 (95% CI = 35-50) individuals estimated using the open population POPAN parameterization in the software program MARK. The analytical approach is more rigorous than that used in any previous population size assessment at Marion Island. Finally, the above data were integrated to assess whether top-down control of seal and penguin populations at Marion Island is generally plausible using a simple process of elimination. Based on published data I predicted the energetic ingestion requirements of adult male and female killer whales as 1 394 MJ.day-1 and 1 028 MJ.day-1, respectively. Expanding these requirements to the 37 killer whales photographically identified at Marion Island, the population requires 40 600MJ.day-1. Based on available energy density and mass data, I predicted the energy content of available seal and penguin prey and calculated the rates at which killer whales would consume these prey in various scenarios. Penguins and Subantarctic fur seals are relatively insensitive to killer whale predation owing to their large population sizes (10 000s to 100 000s), conversely, the smaller populations (100s to 1 000s) of Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals are sensitive to predation, particularly the latter as they have a high energy content (approximately 2 000 to 9 000 MJ). Populations of these seals are currently increasing or stable and I conclude that presently killer whale predation is not driving population declines, although they clearly have the potential for regulation of these smaller populations. Thus, if population sizes were reduced by bottom-up processes, if killer whale diet shifted, or if prey availability changed, top-down control by killer whales could become significant. This study provides baseline information for the informed management and conservation of killer whales at Marion Island, identifies avenues for further research, and provides a foundation for the continuation of structured and dedicated killer whale research at Marion Island.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted
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Hill, Genevieve. "A native archaeology of the island Hul’qumi’num : Cowichan perception and utililization of wetlands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3627.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of historic Cowichan perception and utilization of wetlands in their traditional territory. The Cowichan live on the south east coast of Vancouver Island on the Northwest Coast of North America, in an area with many wetland features. The story of Cowichan culture history is currently characterized, through archaeological work, as marine oriented. However, archaeological research to date does not represent the full history of the Cowichan people. This research sets out to re-balance the cultural history of the Cowichan, through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all available sources that identify economic and social orientation in Cowichan culture history, in particular those coming from archaeology, ethnography and oral tradition. As a way of integrating these diverse sources, a ‘Native archaeology’ is developed. This is an approach, which places equal value on etic (cultural outsider) and emic (cultural insider) created sources, and seeks to identify areas of similarity and difference in order that a fuller understanding of the culture may be reached. By applying the Native archaeological approach to Cowichan culture history, the marine orientation is placed in the context of the role of riverine wetlands, which was important both in terms of subsistence and of the symbolic significance that these places have in the self-reflected identity of the Cowichan. In this way, a story is to
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Mahaffy, Sabre D. "Site Fidelity, Associations and Long-Term Bonds of Short-Finned Pilot Whales off the Island of Hawai`i." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/320.
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Short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are the most frequently sighted odontocete in a long-term study in Hawaiʹi (representing 23.8% of all odontocete sightings from directed research efforts), yet little has been published on this species in Hawaiian waters. Studies elsewhere have suggested that short-finned pilot whales travel in stable mixed-sex groups composed of strongly associated individuals; however temporal analyses of social structure are lacking. To examine site fidelity, association patterns and temporal relationships, I analyzed data from 267 directed research and opportunistic encounters of short-finned pilot whales off the island of Hawai`i from 2003 through 2007. Sightings occurred year-round. Analysis of sighting depths in relation to effort indicated short-finned pilot whales are strongly associated with the island slope, with no sightings in water >2,700m deep despite effort to ~5,000m. Using only good quality photos, I identified 448 distinctive individuals; of these, 305 (68.1%) were seen more than once and 250 (55.8%) were seen in >1 year. Sighting histories varied from 1-29 sightings per individual (median=3) over the course of the study, suggesting only some individuals exhibit high site-fidelity. Degree of residency was assessed using multi-year site fidelity to the study area; individuals seen ≥5 times in ≥3 years were considered core residents (154 individuals) while individuals who fell below these criteria but that were seen more than once were termed residents (150 individuals) and those seen on a single occasion were termed visitors (142 individuals). Only 71.9% of the whales were linked by association into a single social network, suggesting the possibility of multiple populations using the study area. Individuals demonstrated preferential associations and community division was strongly supported by average-linkage hierarchical cluster analysis of the association data. Nine longitudinally-stable social units composed of key individuals (seen together ≥8 times in ≥4 years) and their constant companions (seen together ≥5 times in ≥3 years) were identified (unit membership 5-16, median=10.5; mean unit association index: 0.62-0.90). Qualitative assignment of age and sex classes to unit members indicated some segregation between adult males and female/calf pairs may occur. Temporal analysis using standardized lagged association rates of individuals grouped in the same encounter produced a best-fit model where dyads gradually disassociated over time while individuals grouped in the same day produced a model where dyads remained in association, suggesting companions not documented during an encounter are likely still present in the study area. Differential patterns of residency and site fidelity were unexpected and may be indicative of multiple populations around the main Hawaiian Islands. Additionally, the presence of a core resident population demonstrating strong, long-term site-fidelity and associations off the island of Hawaiʹi may warrant special management considerations. Evidence of fisheries-related injuries in addition to anthropogenic threats such as high levels of commercial and recreational vessel traffic, targeted tourist activities, and commercial and sports troll fisheries indicate that additional research is needed to evaluate potential threats to this island-associated population.
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El, Tawil Tony. "On sizing and control of a renewables-based hybrid power supply system for stand-alone applications in an island context." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0003/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de dimensionner et régler un système hybride de production d’énergie pour un site isolé de type insulaire, basé sur des énergies renouvelables marines. De manière préliminaire divers systèmes de production d’énergie renouvelable marine ont d’abord été étudiés et comparés de manière qualitative à des systèmes de production d’énergie classiques. Plusieurs types de système de stockage d’énergie ont également été étudiés, comparés et évalués dans le cas du site considéré. Cette analyse préliminaire a été étendue aux différents types de transmissions d’énergie offshore et de méthodes de réglage des convertisseurs associés aux sources renouvelables. A partir de l’étude des caractéristiques du site et de l’analyse statistique des ressources renouvelables (vents, courants marins) une méthode de dimensionnement des éléments du système de production est présentée, dans l’objectif de minimiser les émissions de CO2 et le coût du système sur son cycle de vie. Pour cela, une solution de gestion de la puissance basée sur la logique floue est proposée pour le type de site considéré et comparée à une solution plus classique basée sur des règles logiques. Pour finir, une étude détaillée des différentes méthodes de réglage du système hybride côté réseau est présentée. Trois niveaux de réglage sont considérés : réglage d’une source unique, réglage d’une ferme de plusieurs sources et réglage global du système hybride. Plusieurs modes de réglage sont considérés pour chaque niveauThis PhD thesis models a renewable-based hybrid power supply system applied in an islanded context and investigates sizing and regulation strategies of such a hybrid system. First, various marine energy production technologies were reviewed and compared to common renewable resources. As well, various energy storage technologies were reviewed, compared, and evaluated to fit the chosen site characteristics. A brief investigation on offshore energy transmission and inverter regulations methods is presented. Then, a study of the site characteristics, and the availability of the different renewable energy resources in the area are presented. This energy study constitutes the basis of the proposed system sizing method, where minimizing the cost and the CO2 emissions are considered as the main objectives. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic power management approach is proposed for the islanded microgrid. Finally, a detailed study of the system components grid-side inverter regulation is presented. Three regulation levels were investigated: the single inverter, the renewable farm, and the hybrid system. In this context, different regulation strategies are considered at each level
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Cannella, Katherine. "Return to the Gateway: Enshrining the Immigrant in 1980s America." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/555.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: David QuigleyThis thesis will explore the factors that contributed to the enshrinement of the immigrant, in relation to places relevant to the Old World immigrant narrative. The chapters concentrate on the area around New York Harbor, often referred to as "the gateway," where turn-of-the-century immigrants sailed and settled and to where public memory made its return in the late sixties, seventies, and eighties. Public attentiveness to ethnic identity affected the character of historic preservation, prompting the creation of new symbols of American history. Many Americans' own Roots narratives brought them here, to the very place the immigrants began their American stories. Chapter One puts the spotlight on New Jersey, exploring how Jersey City claimed its part in the immigrant narrative, and how the state government organized its multi-ethnic character. Chapter Two opens to the national level, illustrating how the enshrinement of Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty Centennial embodied the nationalism that came with the rise of conservatism. Chapter Three surveys immigrant memory in the Lower East Side, the quintessential neighborhood of nations, exploring what the Lower East Side Tenement Museum has done to pay homage to the "urban pioneers" of American history, using the past to affect contemporary immigration issues. The public memory that took shape at these historic sites resulted from not solely a revived interest in Old World ethnicity, but through a combination of factors. This thesis will also show how the ethnic revival helped draw attention to aspects of American life such as urban living, and provoked public discourse and scholarly research to attend to the people that history previously overlooked
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
Discipline: History Honors Program
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Cosson, Isabelle. "Le musée de l'immigration d'Ellis Island, lieu de mémoire de l'immigration américaine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA131.
Full textAbstract:
L’histoire d’Ellis Island, de l’ouverture de la station d’immigration en 1892 jusqu’à la restauration du site dans les années 1980 après une période d’abandon et d’oubli, reflète les interactions entre les discours sur l’immigration et la construction de l’identité politique et culturelle de la nation américaine. Le musée de l’immigration qui a ouvert sur l’île en 1990, dans le bâtiment même où sont passés douze millions d’immigrants entre 1892 et le milieu des années 1920, est devenu le lieu de mémoire de l’immigration américaine. En partant du postulat que les sociétés construisent leur représentation du passé et leur mémoire collective pour répondre à leurs besoins dans le présent, cette thèse entend montrer comment et à quelles fins la nation américaine a choisi de mettre en avant, à un moment donné, certains éléments de son histoire pour s’affirmer « nation of immigrants ». La création du musée d’Ellis Island, qui a consacré l’immigration et l’ethnicité comme composantes essentielles de l’identité américaine, était en effet aussi un choix de mémoire de l’Etat fédéral, témoignant d’une manière d’interpréter et de représenter l’HistoireThe story of Ellis Island, from the opening of the immigration station in 1892 to the restoration of the site in the 1980s after a period of neglect and oblivion, reflects the interactions between discourses on immigration and the building of the political and cultural identity of the American nation. The immigration museum that opened on the island in 1990, in the building where twelve million immigrants were processed between 1892 and the mid-1920s, has become the site of memory of American immigration. Starting from the postulate that societies build their representation of the past and their collective memory to meet their demands in the present, this thesis aims at showing how and for what purposes the American nation chose to put forward, at a certain time, selected pieces of its history to assert itself “ nation of immigrants”. The setting-up of the Ellis Island museum, which affirmed immigration and ethnicity as essential components of the American identity, was indeed also a choice of memory by the Federal government, testifying to a way of interpreting and representing History
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Morgan, Sharla E. "Relationship of Demographic Characteristics and BMI with Health Literacy in Pacific Islander Care-Giving Adults." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3652.
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Purpose: Health literacy and obesity are major global issues. Vulnerable populations, such as those with low health literacy, have the highest rates of obesity. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) nations have the highest prevalence of obesity in the world. This study describes the relationship between health literacy and demographic variables in a sample of NHOPI caregiving adults. Methods: We conducted a correlational study of 364 NHOPI adults. Each was a caregiver of at least one NHOPI child. Data were collected at grocery stores and a preschool in two Hawaiian Islands (n=209) and at NHOPI events in Utah (n=155). Our questionnaire included demographics, the Newest Vital Sign, and questions about caregivers' food-serving and activity promotion. Results: 45% of the sample had limited health literacy. There was no significant difference between participants' health literacy in Hawaii and Utah. Other demographic variables (gender, age, income, BMI, and education) had a significant relationship with health literacy. Conclusions: Many NHOPIs have limited health literacy. This is concerning as limited health literacy can reduce an adults' ability to use health-related materials including nutrition facts labels.Implications for Practice: Health care providers should not assume NHOPIs understand nutrition facts labels. Instruction on nutrition facts labels should be available in schools and communities. Future research should examine effective interventions for this population.
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Saeidpour, Parizy Ehsan. "Electrical Energy Retail Price Optimization for an Interconnected/Islanded Power Grid." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512463830323059.
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Fialho, Edson Soares. "Ilha de calor em cidade de pequeno porte: Caso de Viçosa, na Zona da Mata Mineira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-22022010-154045/.
Full textAbstract:
Com a crescente evolução da mancha urbana das cidades, o ser humano intensificou o seu uso sobre o espaço, ocasionando certas conseqüências socioambientais, intensificadas através de fenômenos climáticos, tais como: enchentes, a piora da qualidade do ar e do aumento da temperatura nas cidades, comparada a sua área entorno. Este último, também é conhecido como Ilha de calor. A área de estudo contemplada nesta pesquisa se justificativa pelo fato de apresentar: a) um crescimento acelerado da população urbana a partir de meados da década de 1970; b) um Intenso processo de verticalização iniciado na década de 1980 e c) por conseguinte a expansão da malha urbana da cidade, que convive com uma arborização muito reduzida. A partir destes argumentos, o presente trabalho procurou investigar a hipótese da constituição de um clima urbano associado ao crescimento da cidade sede do município de Viçosa. Para isto, primeiramente, analisou-se a série histórica da estação climatológica de Viçosa entre 1968 e 2006. E, em seguida, utilizou-se da técnica de transetos móveis, com a utilização de um termohigrômetro digital de leitura direta (MINIPA-MT-241), envolvido em tubo PVC recoberto por papel alumínio e colocado do lado de fora do carro há uma altura de aproximadamente 2,0m de altura. Este procedimento foi realizado em três escalas de análise: campocidade, área urbana e o centro da cidade e estações sazonais distintas. Depois de realizados os experimentos e analisado os registros históricos de temperatura do ar, pode-se dizer que Viçosa ainda não constitui um clima urbano, muito embora, possa ter sido possível identificar ilhas de calor na cidade, principalmente à noite.With the increasing development of urban stain of cities, the human being intensified its use on the area, causing certain social consequences, intensified by climatic phenomena, such as flooding, the worsening air quality and increasing the temperature in cities compared to its surrounding area. The latter is also known as heat island. The study area included in this search was justified because the present: a) an accelerated growth of urban population from the mid-1970s, b) a Intensy verticalisation process started in the 1980s and c) therefore the expansion of urban network of the city, living with a very limited stock. From these arguments, this study sought to investigate the possibility of setting up a climate associated with the urban growth of the city headquarters of the municipality of Viçosa. For this, first analyzes the historical series of the climatological station of Viçosa between 1968 and 2006. And then it was used the technique of mobile transects, using a digital direct reading termohigrômetro (MINIPA-MT-241), involved in PVC pipe covered by aluminum foil and placed outside the car there is a height of approximately 2.0 m high. This procedure was performed on three scales of analysis: country-city, urban area and the city center and seasonal distinct seasons. After the experiments performed and analyzed the historical records of air temperature, we can say that Viçosa still not an urban environment, though, might have been possible to identify islands of heat in the city, mainly at night.
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Joshi, Chakra Prasad. "Understanding Fundamentals of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Self-assembly at Liquid-air Interface." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1387306468.
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Parés, Andréa. "Pratiques d'exploitation et d'utilisation des ressources végétales dans un village du Néolithique précéramique chypriote : l'étude carpologique de Khirokitia." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010686.
Full textAbstract:
La présente étude poursuit la dynamique de recherche archéobotanique initiée par la Mission archéologique française depuis 1976 sur le site néolithique précéramique de Khirokitia, situé au sud-est de l’île de Chypre. Elle vise à réaliser une première analyse intra-site des pratiques d’exploitation et d’utilisation des ressources végétales sur la base de résultats carpologiques publiés et originaux, couvrant aujourd’hui la totalité de la séquence du site, sur près d’un millénaire d’occupation (ca. 6800-5500 av. J.-C.). Les produits de l’agriculture forment la majorité des carporestes, notamment les blés vêtus, principaux éléments de l’alimentation. Les traitements qui leur sont associés occupent une place importante dans les activités domestiques de la communauté comme le montre l’analyse spatiale des assemblages carpologiques de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur du village. Les données sur les activités de cueillette rejoignent celles anthracologiques et témoignent d’une communauté tournée vers les ressources locales, disponibles. Au cours de la séquence d’occupation, la mise en évidence de changements importants, d’origine climatique ou anthropique, souligne l’existence d’une exploitation opportuniste des ressources végétales ; lesquelles sont changeantes, vulnérables et probablement peu contrôlées. L’étude permet aussi d’aborder des axes de recherche actuels de la carpologie tels que la détermination des blés vêtus au Néolithique et la question des échanges entre le continent et Chypre au cours du Néolithique précéramique récent (7000-5500 av. J.-C.), période clef du développement original de la « Culture de Khirokitia »The present study continues the development of archaeobotanical research begin by the French archaeological Mission in 1976 on the pre-ceramic Neolithic site of Khirokitia, southeast Cyprus. It aims to perform the first intra-site analysis of the exploitation and use of plant resources from both published and novel archaeobotanical data, covering the entire sequence of the site of nearly one millennium (6800-5500 BC). The products of the agriculture form the majority of macro remains, in particular hulled wheat, the primary food resource. The spatial analysis of the samples inside and outside of the village shows that activities linked to hulled wheat occupy an important place in the domestic activities of the community. The data on harvesting combined with the analysis of charcoal remains indicates the use of local, available resources. Changes in plants ratio during time, either of climatic or anthropological origin, underlines the existence of an opportunistic exploitation of plant resource, which one are changeable, fragile and maybe subject to little control. The study has also made use of current research in archaeobotany such as the determination of hulled wheat types in the Neolithic and questions on trades between the continent and Cyprus during the early pre-ceramic Neolithic (7000-5500 BC), a key period of the original development of “Culture of Khirokitia”
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Puniani, Kasalanaita. "Body composition measurements in Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand children aged 5-14 years thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PunianiK.pdf.
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Toefy, Rashieda. "Extant benthic Foraminifera from two bays along the SW coast of South Africa, with a comment about their use as indicators of pollution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8713_1307079132.
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The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that most of the variation in the composition of the samples was of an intra-sample nature, illustrating large scale patchiness in foraminiferal distribution. There were, however, definite differences between communities around Robben Island and in St Helena Bay, and least variation was found between the control and pipeline sites, and between the stations of each site. When the trace metal concentrations and the percentage nitrogen increased, the richness, diversity and abundance of foraminifera tended to decrease. Sediment grain size positively affected abundance but negatively affected diversity and richness. In both areas mean grain size did not, however, appear to play a very large role in influencing diversity. Cadmium, copper, chromium, the percentage nitrogen and the mean grain size were identified as the most important variables influencing the community structure by the BIOENV BEST routine in PRIMER. The trace metals and percentage nitrogen only had negative effects on the diversity and abundance as well as on the abundance of the dominant genera, whereas the mean grain size had variable effects.
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Guimarães, Ricardo dos Santos. "A arqueologia em sítios submersos: estudo do sítio depositário da enseada da praia do Farol da ilha do Bom Abrigo - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-01032010-164713/.
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Menos estudados que os sítios de naufrágios, porém não menos importantes, os sítios depositários são notáveis fontes de documentação arqueológica. A Enseada da Praia do Farol da Ilha do Bom Abrigo, localizada no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, é um ótimo ancoradouro natural, um sítio depositário por excelência formado a partir da utilização social desse pequeno espaço geográfico. Esse processo de utilização-ocupação, de longa duração, vem ocorrendo desde o início do século XVI e é o principal responsável pela formação do registro arqueológico submerso. Adotando método de pesquisa com utilização de técnicas pouco interventivas, o que se mostrou bastante eficaz, conseguiu-se buscar, registrar e identificar diversos artefatos submersos, perdidos ou descartados, no leito da enseada. A partir dos achados foi possível realizar diversas inferências a cerca da relação existente entre o homem e esse ancoradouro não edificado, mas totalmente inserido na história da navegação feita ao longo da costa sul paulista.Less studied than the shipwreck sites, however not less important, the depository sites are remarkable sources of archaeological documentation. The Cove of the Lighthouse Beach in Bom Abrigo Island, located on the south coast of São Paulo state, is a excellent natural anchorage, a depository site par excellent, formed from the social use of the small geographical space. This process of \"use-occupation\", of long duration, has been occurring since the beginning of 16 th century and plays the main responsible of formation of the archaeology submerged record. Adopting method of research with minimally intrusive techniques, which demonstrated effective result, was able to search, to register, and to identify various sunk artifacts, loss or discarded, in the bottom of the cove. From the findings, inferences could then be made regarding the relationship between man and this not built maritime anchorage, but fully inserted in the history of navigation made along of the south coast of São Paulo.
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Bharadwaja, Saketh. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Si binding and diffusion on the native and thermal Silicon Oxide surfaces." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333738718.
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Tsivras, Sotirios-Ilias. "Load Demand Forecasting : A case study for Greece." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29841.
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It is more than a fact that electrical energy is a main production factor of every economic activity. Since electrical power is not easy to store, it needs to be consumed as it is generated in order to keep a constant balance between supply and demand. As a result, for developing an efficient energy market it is significant to create a method for accurately forecasting the electricity consumption. This thesis describes a method for analyzing data provided by the ENTSO-E transparency platform. The ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators) is a network of electricity operators from 36 countries across Europe. Its main objective is to provide transparency concerning data of electricity generation and consumption in Europe in order to promote the development of efficient and competitive electricity markets. By using the method described in this thesis, one may use historical data provided by ENTSO-E to forecast the electricity consumption of an EU country for the years to come. As an example, data of electricity consumption in Greece during the years 2015-2018 have been used in order to calculate the average load demand of a weekday during the year 2030. On the other hand, in order to correctly predict the electricity demand of a specific region over the next decade, one should take into account some crucial parameters that may influence not only the evolution of the load demand, but also the fuel mix that will be used in order to cover our future electricity needs. Advances in power generation technologies, evolution of fuel prices, expansion of electricity grid and economic growth are a subset of parameters that should be taken into account for an accurate forecast of the electricity consumption in the long run. Particularly for Greece, a set of parameters that may affect the electricity consumption are being computationally analyzed in order to evaluate their contribution to the load demand curve by the year 2030. These include the interconnection of Greek islands to the mainland, the development of Hellinikon Project and the increase of the share of electric vehicles. The author of this thesis has developed code in Python programming language that can be found in the Appendix. These scripts and functions that implement most of the calculations described in the following chapters can also be used for forecasting the load demand of other EU countries that are included in the ENTSO-E catalogue. The datasets used as input to these algorithms may also be used from the readers to identify more patterns for predicting the load demand for a specific region and time. A sustainable energy system is based on consumers with environmental awareness. As a result, citizens living inside the European Union should become a member of a community that promotes energy saving measures, investments in renewable energy sources and smart metering applications.
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Taylor, Jace C. "Using Remote Cameras to Estimate the Abundance of Ungulates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7230.
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Many wildlife populations globally are experiencing unprecedented declines, and without accurate and precise estimates of abundance, we will not be able to conserve these vulnerable species. Remote cameras have rapidly advanced as wildlife monitoring tools and may provide accurate and precise estimates of abundance that improve upon traditional methods. Using remote cameras to estimate abundance may be less expensive, less intrusive, less dangerous, and less time consuming than other methods. While it is apparent that remote cameras have a place in the future of wildlife monitoring, research, and management, many questions remain concerning the proper use of these tools. In an effort to answer some of these questions, we used remote cameras to study a population of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Utah, USA from 2012 to 2014. In Chapter 1, we compared methods using remote cameras against 2 traditional methods of estimating abundance. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the relationship between deployment time of cameras and proportion of photos needed to be analyzed to obtain precise estimates of abundance. We found that methods using remote cameras compared favorably to traditional methods of estimating abundance, and provided a number of valuable advantages. In addition, we found that remote cameras can produce precise estimates of abundance in a relatively short sampling period. Finally, we identified the optimal sampling period to produce precise estimates of abundance for our study population. Our findings can help researchers better utilize the potential of remote cameras, making them a more suitable alternative to traditional wildlife monitoring.
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Antunes, Ana Carolina Lopes. "Estimation and characterization of the dog and cat population on Maio Island, Cape Verde : an integration of household survey data and remote sensing imagery." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6084.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaObjective: To estimate and characterize the dog and cat population on Maio Island, Cape Verde, in order to provide a baseline to set up a syndromic surveillance system. Methods: The study was carried out in the course of Vétérinaires Sans Frontières - Portugal mission. One team applied questionnaires in six localities to classify the animals according to their age, gender, sterilization and parasites control status, body condition, skin changes and other observations, degree of dependence and restriction and recorded the coordinates of feeding places for each animal. Other team registered animal’s clinical information in Porto Inglês where companion animal health and welfare campaigns were performed. Geographic information systems tools were used to process the data and linear regression models were created with the number of houses as only predictor variable to estimate dog and cat populations. Results: In the observed dog population (n=457), 19.7% of the animals were sterilised, 23% dewormed; 1% was classified as feral and 0.88% as neighbourhood dogs. For cats (n=306), the results were 13.7%, 16%, 0.33% and 2.29%, respectively. The estimated population size on the island was 531 dogs and 354 cats. The models for these estimations were based on 400 m and 200 m resolutions respectively and resulted in an error of 7% when compared to survey results. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of geographic information systems in population size estimates and praises the efforts done by non-governmental organizations on this island in order to promote public health.
Resumo - ESTIMATIVA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO DE CÃES E GATOS NA ILHA DO MAIO, CABO VERDE: INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS DE UM RECENSEAMENTO E IMAGENS DE DETECÇÃO REMOTA - Objectivo: Estimar e caracterizar a população de cães e gato na ilha do Maio, em Cabo Verde, de modo a recolher informação para implementar um sistema de vigilância sindrómica. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado no decurso da missão dos Veterinários Sem Fronteiras - Portugal. Uma equipa realizou questionários em seis localidades para classificar os animais de acordo com a sua idade, género, esterilização e controle de parasitas, condição corporal, alterações cutâneas e outras observações, o grau de dependência e de restrição e, registou ainda, as coordenadas dos locais de alimentação para cada animal. Outra equipa registou a informação clínica dos animais em Porto Inglês durante as campanhas para promover a saúde e o bem-estar dos animais de companhia. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de sistemas de informação geográfica para processar os dados e foram criados modelos de regressão linear, tendo o número de casas sido definido como única variável independente para estimar a população de cães e gatos. Resultados: Na população de cães observados (n = 457), 19,7% dos animais estavam esterilizados, 23% desparasitados, 1% foi classificado como não tendo dono e 0,88% como animais de bairro. Para gatos (n = 306), os resultados foram de 13,7%, 16%, 0,33% e 2,29%, respectivamente. A estimativa da população na ilha foi de 531 cães e 354 gatos. Os modelos para estas estimativas foram construídos com base nas resoluções de 400 m e 200 m respectivamente e resultaram num erro de 7% quando comparado com os resultados do recenseamento. Conclusões: Este estudo destaca o potencial dos sistemas de informação geográfica na estimativa de populações animais e enaltece os esforços feitos por organizações não-governamentais nesta ilha, com o objectivo de promover a saúde pública.
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Nakata, Osaki Camila Mayumi. "Adaptação de um modelo simplificado para verificação da influência da geometria urbana na formação de ilha de calor noturna." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7185.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nocturnal heat island formation is a prominent phenomenon in research of urban planning and thermal comfort. This phenomenon is the result of the influence of urbanization characteristics, which alter the energy balance of the cities, and is characterized by an increase in air temperature, from the periphery to the center of cities. The heat island has as a major cause, the urban geometry. In this context, the model proposed by Oke, in 1981, became a reference in the area because of its importance in analytical studies of relation between urban geometry and the formation of heat islands. This research aims to determine the role of urban geometry in the formation of nocturnal heat islands, from the adaptation of a simplified model for a computational simulation tool GIS (Geographic Information System). The methodological procedures have steps: study of theoretical and numerical base, developing a calculation algorithm and its incorporation into the GIS platform, data monitoring for calibration (validation) and simulation. The measured data for the tool validation demonstrated an increasing trend of heat island with increasing H/W ratio (height/width) canyon, but there are different behavior for different ranges of roughness length (Z0). The developed tool, THIS (Tool for Heat Island Simulation), was used in simulation of different scenarios, which showed that urban canyons of greater roughness result in heat island values twice lower compared to the canyons of lower roughness, for the same H/W ratio. The development of THIS tool expands the possibilities of simulations to forecast heat islands to different climatic conditions and suggests further discussion on the influence of different urban geometry settings in the formation of heat island.
A formação de ilha de calor noturna é um fenômeno de destaque em pesquisas de planejamento urbano e conforto térmico. Esse fenômeno é resultado da influência das características da urbanização, que alteram o balanço energético das cidades, e caracteriza-se pelo aumento da temperatura do ar, da periferia para o centro das cidades. A ilha de calor tem como uma das principais causas, a geometria urbana. Nesse contexto, o modelo proposto por Oke, em 1981, se tornou referência na área por sua importância em estudos de análise de relação entre a geometria urbana e a formação de ilhas de calor. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar o papel da geometria urbana na formação de ilhas de calor noturna, a partir da adaptação de um modelo simplificado para uma ferramenta de simulação computacional SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). Os procedimentos metodológicos contam com as etapas de: estudo da base teórico-numérica, desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de cálculo e sua incorporação à plataforma SIG, monitoramento de dados para calibração (validação) e simulação. Os dados medidos para a validação da ferramenta demonstraram uma tendência crescente da ilha de calor com o aumento da relação H/W (altura/largura) do cânion, mas há comportamentos distintos para diferentes faixas de comprimento de rugosidade (Z0). A ferramenta desenvolvida, THIS (Tool for Heat Island Simulation), foi utilizada em simulação de diferentes cenários, que demonstrou que cânions urbanos de maior rugosidade resultam em valores de ilha de calor duas vezes menor em relação aos cânions de menor rugosidade, para um mesmo valor de relação H/W. O desenvolvimento da ferramenta THIS amplia as possibilidades de simulações para previsão de ilhas de calor para diferentes condições climáticas e sugere uma discussão mais aprofundada sobre a influência de diferentes configurações de geometria urbana na formação de ilhas de calor.
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Cruz, Guilherme Marcello Queiroga. "Desvendando as interações entre retrotransposons e genomas vegetais, com ênfase em cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-27012015-084619/.
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Esta tese é estruturada em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo explora os retrotransposons com LTR (LTR-RT) em cana-de-açúcar e grande parte de seus resultados foram publicados no artigo \'\'Analysis of plant LTR-retrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns\'\'. Nossos resultados mostraram que as diferentes famílias de LTR-RT em cana-de-açúcar possuem estruturas e regulação distintas. O segundo capítulo desta tese visa responder a perguntas que surgiram durante a primeira metade deste trabalho, mas ao invés de focar no genoma de uma planta optamos por trabalhar com linhagem Del de LTR-RT em dez genomas de angiospermas sequenciados. Os resultados desta parte do trabalho foram submetidos para publicação no artigo intitulado \'\'Virus-like attachment sites and plastic CpG islands: landmarks of diversity in plant Del retrotransposons\'\'. Os resultados mostraram que a LTR é uma região dinâmica e importante para a evolução dos LTR-RTs. Nós especulamos que mudanças nas LTR atuem como gatilhos para a diversificação dos LTR-RTs.This doctoral thesis is structured in two chapters. In the first chapter we explore the LTRretrotransposons (LTR-RT) in sugarcane, these results were published in an article entitled \'\'Analysis of plant LTR-etrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns\'\'. In this paper we show that different sugarcane LTR-RT families have distinct structure and are differentially regulated. In the second chapter we try to find answers to questions that came up in the first half of this work, but instead of focusing in one plant genome we chose to work with the Del lineage of LTR-RT in tem angiosperm sequenced genomes. These results are submitted to publication as an article entitled \'\'Virus-like attachment sites and plastic CpG islands: landmarks of diversity in plant Del retrotransposons\'\'. Our results indicate that the LTR region is dynamic and important in the evolution of LTR-retrotransposons, we speculate that it is a trigger for retrotransposon diversification.
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Carvalho, Breylla Campos. "Aplicação de múltiplas ferramentas no estudo do transporte de sedimentos na margem interna da restinga da Marambaia (baía de Sepetiba, RJ)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8101.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorDados sedimentológicos e hidrodinâmicos foram utilizados para estudar a dinâmica sedimentar da margem interna da restinga da Marambaia (baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, SE Brasil). Foram realizadas três campanhas amostrais para coleta de sedimentos ao longo da restinga da Marambaia e na área submersa adjacente. Adicionalmente, em dezembro de 2013, três fundeios simultâneos para aquisição de dados hidrodinâmicos foram conduzidos paralelamente à restinga, ao longo da profundidade média de 6,5 metros. As medições abrangeram dois ciclos de maré (25 horas), incluindo perfilagem com CTDs, perfilagem correntométrica e coleta de amostras de água para determinação das concentrações do material particulado em suspensão. A partir do processamento das amostras de sedimentos em laboratório, foram obtidos os parâmetros estatísticos (média, desvio-padrão e assimetria) para o detalhamento da caracterização sedimentológica da área de estudo, bem como a aplicação de um modelo de tendência direcional de transporte de sedimentos (GisedTrend). A restinga apresenta areias médias e bem selecionadas, enquanto as amostras coletadas na porção submersa, em profundidades maiores que 2 m, passam de areias finas e bem selecionadas a siltes finos e mal selecionados em maiores profundidades. Quatro casos de tendência de transporte foram explorados em um total de 14 possibilidades e os mais significativos foram analisados com o intuito de identificar áreas de acumulação e remoção de sedimentos, podendo estar associados aos processos responsáveis pelo transporte de sedimentos, tais como correntes geradas pelos ventos locais, marés e dispersão de plumas de sedimentos em suspensão. Os dados hidrodinâmicos, durante o período amostrado, permitiram observar o complexo padrão de circulação existente, especialmente na área adjacente à área central da restinga. Dentre as observações realizadas, verificou-se a ocorrência de assimetria da maré, fato já documentado em trabalhos anteriores conduzidos próximo ao principal canal de acesso à baia, com períodos de enchente mais curtos e períodos de vazante mais longos. Diferentemente do que foi reportado nestes trabalhos, os períodos de vazante foram associados às correntes de maior intensidade. As concentrações de material particulado em suspensão situaram-se, em média, entre 10 e 20 mg/L tanto em superfície como próximo ao fundo; no entanto, suas variações temporais não apresentaram qualquer relação com as fases da maré. Possíveis áreas de convergência e divergência da circulação / células de transporte de sedimentos foram identificadas e comparadas aos vetores de tendência de transporte obtidos através do modelo GisedTrend, com resultados satisfatórios.
Sedimentological and hydrodynamic data sets have been used to study the sediment dynamics along the Marambaia barrier island bayside shoreline (Sepetiba bay, Rio de Janeiro state, SE Brazil). Three sampling campaigns were carried out to collect surface sediment samples along the barrier island and on the nearby submersed area. Additionally, in December 2013, hydrodynamic measurements were simultaneously conducted at three anchor stations positioned parallel to the barrier island, roughly along the 6.5 m isobath. The measurements, that spanned two full tidal cycles (25 hours), included water column profiling with CTDs, water column current profiling, and water column sampling to determine suspended-sediment concentrations. Once the sediment samples had been processed in the laboratory, statistical parameters (mean, sorting and skewness) were computed, allowing the thoroughful sedimentological characterization of the study area as well as the application of a grain-size trend analysis model (GisedTrend) to determine sediment transport trend vectors. The barrier island is chiefly made up of medium, well-sorted sands grading to fine, well-sorted sands and fine, poorly-sorted silts at greater depths. Four trend cases out of the 14 possibilities were explored and the most significant were further analyzed in order to identify areas of sediment accumulation or removal, and then be associated with the possible physical processes responsible for sediment transport, such as tidal currents, wind-generated currents and dispersal of sediment plumes. Hydrodynamic data documented that, over the time scale of the measurements, the water column circulation is highly complex, especially in the area adjacent to the center of the barrier island. As already verified in the area close to the main navigational channel, tidal asymmetry was documented, with floods being shorter than ebbs. However, contrarily to these previous observations, ebb currents were stronger than flood currents. Mean suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) ranged between 10 and 20 mg/L both close to the surface and the nearbed area; yet, no relationship between SSC temporal variability and tidal stage could be identified. Possible convergence and divergence circulation / sediment transport cells were identified and compared to the GisedTrend output, with satisfactory results.
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Millán, Ariño Lluís 1984. "Genomic distribution and functional specificity of human histone H1 subtypes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292370.
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Seven linker histone H1 variants exist in human somatic cells with distinct prevalence among
cell types and during differentiation. Despite being key chromatin structural components, it
remains elusive how they participate in the regulation of nuclear processes. Moreover, it is
not well understood whether the different variants have specific roles or are differentially
distributed along the genome. By taking advantage of specific antibodies for H1 variants and
HA-tagged recombinant H1s expressed in breast cancer cells, the distribution of somatic
variants H1.2 to H1.5, H1.0 and H1X has been investigated by combining ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-chip,
and ChIP-seq analysis. All H1 variants bind gene promoters and are depleted from the TSS in
active genes, and also from regulatory sites. The extension of H1 depletion at promoters is
dependent on the transcriptional status of the gene and differs between variants. Analyses
show that histone H1 is not uniformly distributed along the genome and differences among
variants exist, being H1.2 the variant showing a more specific pattern and a strongest
correlation with gene repression in breast cancer cells. Results suggest that different variants
may be present at different chromatin types, and this may depend on the cell type,
differentiation state, and whether cells are originated from a neoplastic process. In a second
part of the thesis, it is shown that a previously reported H1.4 knock-down cell line presents
and off-target effect against lamin B2. Therefore, it has been developed a new inducible
knock-down cell line specifically inhibiting H1.4, which resembles previously characterized
H1.2 knock-down. Finally, combined depletion of H1.4/lamin B2 and H1.2/H1.4 causes similar
effects in T47D breast cancer cell line.Fins a set variants de la histona H1 s han identificat en mamífers, les quals mostres una prevalença diferent entre tipus cel lulars i durant el procés de diferenciació. Tot i que la histona H1 juga un paper clau en l estructuració de la cromatina, no s acaba d entendre encara com participa exactament en els diferent processos cel lulars. A més a més, encara no està clar si les diferents variants tenen funcions específiques ni si es distribueixen igual al llarg del genoma. Mitjançant anticossos específics per algunes variants d H1 i de línies cel lulars de càncer de mama que expressen H1s recombinant fusionades a un pèptid HA, s ha estudiat la distribució genòmica de H1.2 a H1.5, H1.0 i H1X, combinant ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-chip i ChIP-seq. Totes les H1s es troben a promotors gènics i empobrides a l inici de transcripció dels gens actius, i també a les regions reguladores. El grau de disminució d H1 al promotor depèn de l estat transcripcional del gen i presenta diferències entre variants. Els anàlisis mostren que la histona H1 no es distribueix uniformement al genoma i que hi ha diferències entre variants, essent H1.2 la variant que presenta un patró més específic i una correlació més forta amb repressió gènica a cèl lules de càncer de mama. Aquests resultats suggereixen que variants d H1 diferents es troben presents als diversos tipus de cromatina, i aquest fet podria dependre de la línia cel lular, l estat de diferenciació, o de si les cèl lules s han originat durant un procés neoplàsic. En una segona part de la tesi, es mostra que una línia cel lular anteriorment descrita que inhibeix H1.4 presenta un efecte inespecífic contra lamina B2. Així, s ha desenvolupat una altra línia que inhibeix H1.4 específicament, la qual s assembla a un mutant anteriorment caracteritzat que inhibeix H1.2. Finalment, la inhibició combinada de H1.4/lamina B2 i H1.2/H1.4 provoca efectes fenotípics semblants a cèl lules de càncer de mama T47D.
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Pinson, Laura. "Analyse et représentation des épisodes de caniculaires en zones urbaines denses : de la durée à la conception d'un indice de dangerosité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1061/document.
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Le GIEC (groupe d’expert Intergouvernemental sur l’Evolution du Climat) dans leur 4 ème rapport souligne que les villes européennes seront impactées par des épisodes caniculaires plus fréquents et plus intenses dû aux modifications climatiques ayant lieu au cours du XXI ème siècle. La ville, espace climatique particulier, sensiblement plus chaud que son espace environnant amplifie le phénomène de l’îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU). Pour la ville de Paris, les îlots de chaleur urbains peuvent dépasser de 8 à 10°C les températures relevées quelques kilomètres plus loin. Cet effet est d’autant plus néfaste lors de période caniculaire comme a connu la France en 2003, 2006, 2010 ou bien même en 2015. La connaissance sur le phénomène de la canicule nécessite de mettre en relation des données autant spatiales que temporelles afin de définir des zones à risques .Pour pouvoir simuler une canicule, le modèle SURFEX-TEB, conçu par Météo-France, CNRS, a été choisi. Il permet d’estimer la température en ville à partir de conditions climatiques des plus hautes atmosphères. Ces prévisions sont importantes notamment en période de canicule où les écarts de température entre la ville et sa banlieue peuvent dépasser 8C°. Le risque caniculaire, induit par les ICU, est complexe à appréhender et à représenter.Pour caractériser, appréhender et représenter la canicule, avec l’aide du modèle SURFEX-TEB, nous avons effectué une assimilation avec des mesures réalisées pendant la canicule de 2015 sur Paris. Cette assimilation met en évidence par exemple les phénomènes d’accumulation et l’impact des configurations des appartements sur les températures intérieures et extérieures. Nos différentes configurations ont permis de confirmer l’importance de considérer les températures intérieures lors de périodes caniculaires.Ce travail de recherche propose donc un éclairage spécifique et technique de la représentation des canicules. Son objectif est une meilleure représentation des canicules et l’estimation de leur dangerosité en fonction de la durée du phénomène, de son intensité et des caractéristiques urbaines et humaines. Des cartes décrivant la canicule et sa dangerosité sont mises en valeur grâce à l’élaboration d’un site web grand public.Les résultats de cette recherche soulèvent une interrogation sur les seuils de canicule. Ils soulignent l’importance d’introduire un seuil de canicule intérieur et démontrent le rôle de la configuration urbaine et en particulier des types d’habitation pour mieux prendre en compte la dangerosité des canicules et espérer mieux atténuer leurs effetsThe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in its 4th report underlines that the European cities will be impacted by more frequent and more intense scorching episodes due to the climatic modifications taking place during the XXIth century. Peculiar climatic areas, significantly hotter than their surroundings, cities amplify the phenomenon of the urban heat island (UHI). In the example of Paris, the urban islands of heat can exceed by 8°C to 10°C the temperatures measured a few kilometers away. This effect is all the more fatal as heat wave periods become more and more regular (2003, 2006, 2010, 2015). The knowledge on the heat wave phenomenon requires to put in relation spatial and temporal data so as to define high-risk areas.To be able to simulate a heat wave, the SURFEX-TEB model, designed by Météo-France, and CNRS, was chosen. It allows to estimate the temperature in town from weather conditions of the highest atmospheres. These forecasts are particularly important in heat wave periods where temperature differences between cities and suburban areas can exceed 8°C. The heat wave risk, resulting from the UHI, is complex to both understand and represent.To characterize, understand and represent the heat wave by the means of the SURFEX-TEB model, we made a data fusion with measures realized during the 2015 heat wave in Paris. This assimilation highlights, for instance, the accumulation phenomena and the impact of the apartments configuration on the inside and outside temperatures. Our various configurations allowed to confirm the importance of taking into account the internal temperatures during heat waves periods.This research thus proposes a specific and technical perspective of the heat waves representation. Its objectives are a better representation of heat waves and a sharper estimation of their dangerousness according to the phenomenon duration, its intensity and the urban and human features. Maps describing the heat wave and its dangerousness are highlighted thanks to the elaboration of a public Web site.The results of this research rise an interrogation on the thresholds of heat wave. They underline the importance to introduce an internal threshold of heat wave and demonstrate the role of the urban configuration, particularly the types of house. This should contribute to better take into account the dangerousness of heat waves and to improve the mitigation of their effects
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Blaison, Antonin. "Écologie comportementale des requins bouledogue (Carcharhinus leucas) sur les côtes de La Réunion : application à un modèle de gestion du « risque requin »." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0009/document.
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Entre 2011 et avril 2017, La Réunion a connu 22 attaques de requin, dont 9 mortelles. Cette intensification des Conflits Hommes-Requins (CHR) à La Réunion a donné naissance au programme de recherche, CHARC, dont le but est de mieux comprendre la biologie et l'écologie des requins bouledogue (Carcharhinus leucas). C'est dans ce contexte et au sein de ce programme que s'est réalisé ce projet de thèse. Représentant la première étude de ce type sur cette espèce, l'objectif principal de la thèse a été de déterminer les caractéristiques et les particularités de la population observée, de délimiter son habitat et ses micro-habitats, d'en étudier son occupation spatiale et temporelle et de comprendre le rôle de ces micro-habitats dans le cycle de vie de l'espèce. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l'étude repose sur une campagne de marquage et le suivi acoustique passif des 35 requins bouledogue le long de la côte ouest pendant 18 mois. La quasi-totalité des requins marqués sont des adultes de grande taille, avec un sex-ratio en faveur des femelles. De part ces caractéristiques, cette population de requins bouledogue se distingue de la majorité des autres populations observées à travers le monde.L'occupation spatiale et temporelle des requins n'était pas homogène, avec l'utilisation de zones préférentielles et une forte saisonnalité. On observe également une variabilité individuelle, influencée par la taille et le sexe des individus : les jeunes adultes, des deux sexes, sont essentiellement localisés dans le sud de la zone, au cours de deux pics de présence, un hivernal et un estival. A l'inverse, les grandes femelles sont majoritairement localisées dans le nord de la zone, avec un pic de présence hivernal. Les grands mâles sont peu présents et essentiellement localisés dans le nord et à l'extrémité sud de la zone d’étude au cours de la période creuse de juillet à octobre. Indépendamment du sexe et de la taille des individus, les zones préférentielles sont utilisées comme zone de repos sur l'ensemble des périodes nycthémérale et comme zone de chasse nocturne. Certaines zones préférentielles pourraient également jouer un rôle dans la reproduction. Les zones secondaires représentent principalement des zones de passages entre les zones préférentielles ou des zones de chasse nocturne secondaire. Si l'ensemble de ces résultats devra être confirmé par d'autres études à plus grande échelle spatio-temporelle, il montre toute la complexité du comportement et des déplacements des requins bouledogue dans les eaux réunionnaises. Cette thèse ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d'étude, notamment sur l'influence des facteurs environnementaux dans l'occupation spatio-temporelle des requins ou sur l'existence de phénomènes liés à la reproduction comme la philopatrie et la polyandrieA serie of 22 shark attacks occurred at Reunion Island between 2011 and April 2017, causing nine deaths. Following the rise of the Human Shark Conflict (HSC), a research program, CHARC, was launched to better understand the biology and ecology of bullshark (Carcharhinus leucas). This thesis was carried out within this program. Representing the firststudy on this specie at Reunion Island, the main objective was to determine characteristics of the observed population, to define it habitat and its micro-habitats, to study its spatial and temporal occupation and to understand the role of these micro-habitats in the life cycle of the specie. This study is based on a tagging campaign and passive acoustic telemetry of 35 bullsharks along the west coast for 18 months. Almost all tagged sharks are adults, large in size and with a sex ratio in favor of females. Base of these characteristics, this bullshark population differs from the majority of other observed populations throughout the world. The spatial and temporal occupation was not homogeneous, with use of preferential areas and strong seasonality. Individual variability is also observed, influenced by size and sex: young adults, of both sexes, are mainly located in the southern part of the study area, during two peaks of presence, one in winter and one in summer. Conversely, large females are mostly located in the north of study area, with a peak of presence in winter. Large males are rarely present and mostly located at the ends of the north and south of the study area from July to October. Apart from sex and size of individuals, preferential areas are used as resting areas, during all nycthemeral periods and as hunting area at night. Some preferential areas may also play a role in breeding behaviour. The secondary areas are mainly used to move from a preferential area to another or as secondary hunting area at night. If all these results have to be confirmed by larger-scale spatio-temporal studies, it put in light the complexity of bullshark behavior and movements along the coasts of Reunion Island. This thesis gives perspectives for new studies, including studies on environmental factors influence on spatio-temporal occupation of sharks or on phenomena related to reproduction such as philopatry and polyandry
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Petersen, Petra Elisabeth. "An investigation of genetic and reproductive differences between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod (Gadus morhua L.)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21613.
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The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fishery is of great economic importance to the Faroese economy. There are two separately managed cod stocks around the Faroe Islands, the Faroe Plateau and the Faroe Bank cod. Both have experienced dramatic decreases in size and informed management decisions are vital for both stock viability and exploitation. The stocks are geographically isolated by an 800 m deep channel and water temperatures are on average 1 – 2 ºC higher on the Faroe Bank than on the Faroe Plateau. There are clear phenotypic differences between the stocks; in particular, the markedly higher growth rate for the Faroe Bank cod has caught public and scientific attention. There is continuing debate regarding the relative importance of genetics and environmental contributions to the contrasting phenotypes. Analyses of reproductive parameters (field data and experimental captive spawnings) as well as analyses of microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were undertaken to better resolve the issue. Field data as well as data from experimental captive spawnings provided evidence of reproductive differences between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod. Peak spawning occurred earlier on the Faroe Plateau than on the Faroe Bank and this difference in timing of spawning was maintained in captivity. In particular, differences in sizes of eggs (average diameters of 1.40 and 1.30 mm for Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod eggs, respectively) and indirect evidence of greater volumes spawned by the Faroe Bank females suggested stock differences with respect to egg size – egg number trade-off. It was hypothesised that the strategy adopted by cod on the Faroe Bank, with a higher number of smaller eggs, evolved in response to a more hostile environment (bare seabed and higher exposure to predators) experienced by early life stages in this area. Experimental captive spawnings with Faroe Bank cod showed a large interfamily skew in survival rates of cod eggs and fry. Egg size was identified as a useful indicator of survival rates in the egg stage, but egg survival rates could not be used to predict viability in later developmental stages, thus highlighting the importance of employing some sort of genetic monitoring of cod fry to ensure sufficient family representation in the progeny. While no tank effect was evident concerning fry survival, a significant tank effect was identified concerning body sizes of fry. Microsatellite data were analysed using large sample sizes of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod with the Faroe Plateau divided into two locations, Faroe Plateau North-East and Faroe Plateau West (cod from each of the two were known to belong to separate spawning grounds). Two Norwegian coastal cod samples were included as outlier populations. While no genetic differentiation was detected between the two Faroe Plateau locations, these analyses revealed a detectable, albeit relatively modest, degree of genetic differentiation between cod from the Faroe Plateau and the Faroe Bank (FST = 0.0014 and 0.0018; DJost_EST = 0.0027 and 0.0048; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 for the Faroe Plateau North-East – Faroe Bank and the Faroe Plateau West – Faroe Bank comparisons). These values were several times smaller than those between Faroese and Norwegian coastal cod (pairwise FST and DJost_EST values in the range of 0.0061 – 0.0137 and 0.0158 – 0.0386, respectively). Despite recent reductions in census population sizes for Faroe Plateau and, particularly, Faroe Bank cod, genetic diversity estimates were comparable to the ones observed for Norwegian coastal cod and there was no evidence of significant genetic bottlenecks. Lastly, data for one of the markers (Gmo132) indicated genotype-dependent vertical distribution of cod (as investigated for Faroe Plateau North-East cod). Contrary to some previously published studies, analysis of SNPs of two candidate genes for adaptive divergence, the hemoglobin gene Hb-ß1 and the transferrin gene Tf1, failed to detect differentiation between samples of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod analysed in this thesis. Of 3533 novel SNPs simultaneously discovered and genotyped by restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing, 58 showed evidence of genetic differentiation between Faroe Plateau North-East and Faroe Bank cod (P < 0.05). No single locus was fixed for different alleles between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod. A set of eight informative SNPs (FST values between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank samples > 0.25; P < 0.0005) were selected for validation in larger samples, that included cod from both Faroe Plateau areas and the Faroe Bank as well as Norwegian coastal and White Sea cod. Six out of the eight loci amplified successfully with a PCR-based method and there was 100 % concordance between genotypes of individuals screened by both techniques. Due to ascertainment bias, the SNPs should only be applied with caution in a broader geographical context. Nonetheless, these SNPs did confirm the genetic substructure suggested for Faroese cod by microsatellite analyses. While no genetic differentiation was evident between the two Faroe Plateau locations, significant genetic differentiation was evident between Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod at five of the SNPs (FST values in the range of 0.0383 – 0.1914). This panel of five SNPs could confidently be used to trace groups of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod to their population of origin. In conclusion, multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod are truly two genetically distinct populations. While the findings contribute to a broader understanding of the biology and the genetics of Faroe Plateau and Faroe Bank cod, the novel SNPs developed may provide a valuable resource for potential future demands of i.e. genetic stock identification methods.
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McKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
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Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.
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Anatole-Gabriel, Vinson Isabelle. "Essai d'histoire intellectuelle et politique du patrimoine international 1945-1992." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0103.
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L'objet de la thèse est l'étude des mécanismes de fabrication du patrimoine international par l'UNESCO, analysé à partir de quatre sites: Le Vieux Caire, Teotihuacém, Ellis Island-Liberty Island, Angkor. La recherche développe une réflexion critique sur la conception du patrimoine international qui présente celui-ci comme le résultat d'une labellisation ou comme l'instrument de la mondialisation culturelle. Elle remet en perspective également la thèse selon laquelle le patrimoine et l’histoire sont deux discours sur le passé qui sont opposables et antinomiques. En restituant les idées et les contextes politiques qui ont prévalu à l'établissement du cadre normatif international de protection du patrimoine (Première Partie) et à son application aux quatre cas d'études (Deuxième Partie), un système à caractère éthique et culturel se dévoile (Troisième Partie) qui démontre la spécificité du plan international de fabrication du patrimoine. Au modèle patrimonial inventé en France s'est peu à peu substitué avec la rupture de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la décolonisation et une nouvelle géopolitique, un projet patrimonial négocié, une construction pensée par l'assemblée des États nations, qui fournit à celle-ci une représentation de son humanité. Sur le plan méthodologique, la thèse fait apparaître que l’histoire du patrimoine peut s'affranchir de la question des représentations du passé au profit de celle des représentations de la signification du passé et de leurs effets dans le présentSeveral proposals may be put forward in order to address the question of how a collective being such as the economy emerged and regularly tests its existence. This thesis intends to answer this problem by studying the contribution of the economists to its describability. How the economy has been progressively constituted like an area on which if is possible to intervene and act, but about which one can also measure and predict movements as if was driven by its own forces? ln that purpose this thesis is based on several investigations mobilizing interviews, archives and ethnographic observations. Through a few seminal episodes in France during the 20th century, it studies various layouts of the economy. The analysis begins on the actions taken to bring the economy as a specific area. It continues on planning developments of the 1960s, and on the paradigm shift of the 1980s. By examining how each episode contributes to give to the economy a surplus of existence, this thesis shows how economists have been able to gradually occupy a central place in State institutions. This research shows how the increased role of economics moves the forms of legitimacy underlying political regimes, to the detriment of a policy relied on the "general will". Ft thus reflects the process by which economic phenomena have appeared gradually as natural facts and sometimes even as necessary and unsurpassable facts