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Academic literature on the topic 'SiGe islands'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "SiGe islands"

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Takaki, Tomohiro, and Yoshihiro Tomita. "Phase-Field Simulation of Surface Morphology Evolution during Epitaxial Growth of SiGe/Si System." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1073.

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We have developed a phase-field model which can simulate the growth process of self-assembled SiGe/Si islands during deposition. The novel feature of this model is that it can reproduce the morphological transitions of islands, i.e., from single-faceted pyramid to multifaceted dome and from dome to barn, by taking a high anisotropy and a sixteen-fold anisotropy of surface energy into account. Two-dimensional simulations have been performed on a large computational model. As a result, island nucleation on the surface of a wetting layer, island morphological change and Ostwald ripening due to an interaction between two neighbor islands were well reproduced. The bimodal distribution of island size, which is a very important phenomenon in self-assembled quantum dots, could also be generated. Furthermore, it has been clarified that the bimodal distributions are largely affected by island morphological change from pyramid to dome. Furthermore, in order to discuss the mechanism of island growth, a simulation of single-island growth has been conducted and the variations of island size and energies have been estimated in detail. As a result, it is concluded that the island morphological transitions occur so as to reduce the elastic strain energy.
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YU, JINZHONG, CHANGJUN HUANG, BUWEN CHENG, YUHUA ZUO, LIPING LUO, and QIMING WANG. "TYPE-II SiGe/Si MQWS (MULTI-QUANTUM WELLS) AND SELF-ORGANIZED Ge/Si ISLANDS GROWN BY UHV/CVD SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2002): 4228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202015145.

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Type-II SiGe/Si MQWs (Multi-Quantum Wells) and Self-Organized Ge/Si Islands were successfully grown by a homemade ultra-high vacuum/chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) system. Growth characteristics and PL (photoluminescence) spectra at different temperature were measured. It demonstrated that some accumulation of carriers in the islands results in the increase of the integrated PL intensity of island-related at a certain temperature range.
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Capellini, G., M. De Seta, and F. Evangelisti. "SiGe intermixing in Ge/Si(100) islands." Applied Physics Letters 78, no. 3 (January 15, 2001): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339263.

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Yin, Haizhou, K. D. Hobart, F. J. Kub, S. R. Shieh, T. S. Duffy, and J. C. Sturm. "High-germanium-content SiGe islands formed on compliant oxide by SiGe oxidation." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 18 (May 3, 2004): 3624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1738514.

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Yin, H., R. Huang, K. D. Hobart, Z. Suo, T. S. Kuan, C. K. Inoki, S. R. Shieh, T. S. Duffy, F. J. Kub, and J. C. Sturm. "Strain relaxation of SiGe islands on compliant oxide." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 12 (2002): 9716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1479757.

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Mateeva, E., P. Sutter, and M. G. Lagally. "Spontaneous self-embedding of three-dimensional SiGe islands." Applied Physics Letters 74, no. 4 (January 25, 1999): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123147.

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Groenen, J., R. Carles, S. Christiansen, M. Albrecht, W. Dorsch, H. P. Strunk, H. Wawra, and G. Wagner. "Phonons as probes in self-organized SiGe islands." Applied Physics Letters 71, no. 26 (December 29, 1997): 3856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120525.

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Yin, Haizhou, R. Huang, K. D. Hobart, J. Liang, Z. Suo, S. R. Shieh, T. S. Duffy, F. J. Kub, and J. C. Sturm. "Buckling suppression of SiGe islands on compliant substrates." Journal of Applied Physics 94, no. 10 (November 15, 2003): 6875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1621069.

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Baribeau, J. M., and X. Wu. "Advances in self-assembled SiGe islands and nanostructures." physica status solidi (c) 6, S1 (April 8, 2009): S17—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200881273.

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Merdzhanova, T., A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, S. Kiravittaya, and O. G. Schmidt. "Island motion triggered by the growth of strain-relaxed SiGe/Si(001) islands." Journal of Crystal Growth 301-302 (April 2007): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.11.137.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SiGe islands"

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PICCO, ANDREA. "Resonance effects in the Raman analysis of sige nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28617.

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In the last two decades, attention has raised towards SiGe nanostructures for applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Many efforts have been payed in order to control the growth of the nanostructures and characterize their structural properties: for this purpose, a wide series of different experimental techniques have been developed. Raman spectroscopy of SiGe is commonly used to obtain information about the average values of composition and strain inside the nanostructures. Actually, due to the lack of data about the Raman efficiency of SiGe as a function of the alloy composition and the excitation light frequency, it is not possible to extract information about the composition profiles which are known to be present inside the structures and deeply affect their optoelectronic properties. In this work, the Raman efficiency of SiGe is measured across the whole compositional range for six different excitation light energies in the UV and VIS range. Strong resonances in the Raman efficiency of SiGe are observed, related to the direct electronic transitions in the material: their origin is explained by means of the theory and confirmed by semiempirical calculations. Then, a numerical tool is presented, which is able to analyze the Raman spectrum of an inhomogeneous SiGe structure and extract information about its internal composition profile by taking into account the effects of the resonance on the SiGe Raman efficiency. The methodology is validated by means of a calibrated SiGe sample, and applied to the study of SiGe islands. The internal composition profile of the islands obtained with this methodology is in good agreement with the results of independent techniques. Finally, the powers and limitations of the methodology are investigated.
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SCOPECE, DANIELE. "Surface and interface effects on the stability of SiGe nanoislands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28452.

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Deposition of Ge upon Si substrates is the prototype of the mechanism called Stranski- Krastanov growth, i.e. the self-assembled formation of 3D islands, following the formation of a thin, 2D Wetting Layer. As is shown in Chapter 1, the nucleation of these islands is random and non-uniform when the deposition is performed upon the standard Si(001) substrate. Deposition of SiGe on different substrates of Si can lead, however, to a high degree of uniformity. Some examples are described in Chapters 3 and 4. The aim of this thesis is to supply a quantitative analysis for some peculiar phenomena concerning island nucleation that occurs on these non-standard substrates. This is performed through the evaluation of the internal energy of the island (including also effects on the substrate) as discussed at length in Chapter 2, where the elastic, surface and edge energy contributions are described, focusing particular attention to the second one, that turns out to be quite complicated. Particular attention is devoted to the island nucleation on stepped substrates of Si (Chapter 4). An in-depth analysis of the formation of faceting upon the substrate Si(1 1 10) is carried out in Chapter 5, whereas Chapter 6 deals with the transition from the faceting to three-dimensional islands on this peculiar system. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter 7. Appendices A and B contain some additional information regarding the elastic field and the description of surfaces. In Appendix C an analysis of the strained surface energy is carried out. In Appendix D some preliminary work performed during the PhD period on other impor- tant surfaces for the SiGe system is discussed. Finally at page 203 a Curriculum Vitae is reported.
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Hermanns-Auðardóttir, Margrét. "Islands tidiga bosättning : studier med utgångspunkt i merovingertida-vikingatida gårdslämningar i Herjólfsdalur, Vestmannaeyjar, Island /." Umeå : Umeå universitet, Arkeologiska institutionen, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041071.

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Head, Rosemary Florence. "The long-term health effects of the 1944-45 Channel Islands siege." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497631.

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Gragg, Joan Elisabeth. "Seeing the funny side: focusing on Cook Islands humour in the experience of the religious pageant Nuku." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/908.

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This multi-media art project investigates the notion of Cook Islands humour, and subsequently place, through the context of the religious pageant Nuku. This pageant has been practiced annually in the Cook Islands for over one hundred and sixty years. While it is not a pageant based on humour, I suggest, through experience and research, that many of the characteristics of Cook Islands humour are revealed in Nuku. The aim of this project is not to recreate the narrative set out in the Nuku pageant but to use this event to explore ways to visually express the humour of the Cook Islands. After researching and experimenting in two dimensional mediums, my emphasis changed to experimenting with three dimensional mediums, incorporating materials that have connotative meanings in Cook Islands society.
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Lemos, Helena Maria Roennau. "The dark side is the bright side, in Robinson Crusoe : a transdisciplinary reading of Daniel Defoe's novel." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7922.

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Este estudo propõe uma leitura do século 21 de Robinson Crusoe, do escritor inglês Daniel Defoe, buscando identificar as razões que fazem a história do náufrago que vive numa ilha deserta por 28 anos permanecer excepcionalmente popular no mundo ocidental por três séculos. A leitura é um exercício prático do pensamento complexo, que constitui um dos três pilares da transdisciplinaridade, definido pelo pensador francês Edgar Morin. Esse enfoque consiste na identificação de padrões e inter-relações entre elementos internos do texto e externos a ele. O pensamento complexo conecta o conhecimento empírico/lógico/racional à sabedoria simbólica/mitológica/mágica. O estudo tem início com um retrospecto da carreira de Robinson Crusoe, considerando os textos fundadores que podem ter influenciado sua criação, e os inúmeros textos imitativos que se seguiram à sua publicação, originando um subgênero literário, das Robinsonadas. Uma síntese da biografia de Defoe ilustra o cenário de um mundo europeu de mudanças científicas, políticas e sociais radicais. O contexto e a fortuna crítica do autor são colocados lado a lado com a contribuição de estudos de filosofia da ciência, psicologia analítica, mitologia, antropologia e religião, na investigação do imaginário inscrito no romance. O capítulo quatro apresenta minha leitura transdisciplinar de Robinson Crusoe, destinada a demonstrar que a popularidade duradoura do romance é devida a seu poder de transmitir significados velados, conectados com elementos constitutivos do imaginário do mundo ocidental.
This study proposes a twenty-first-century reading of Robinson Crusoe, by British writer Daniel Defoe, aiming to identify the reasons why the story of the castaway who lives on an uninhabited island for 28 years has remained remarkably popular in the Western world for almost three centuries. The reading is a drill on Complex Thinking, as defined by French epistemologist Edgar Morin, one of the pillars of Transdisciplinarity. This approach consists of the identification of patterns and interrelationships among elements inside the text and elements external to it, in the light of a number of disciplines involved in the study. Complex Thinking connects empirical/logical/rational knowledge to symbolic/mythological/magical wisdom. The study starts with a review of the career of the book, considering the founding texts which might have influenced the creation of Robinson Crusoe, and the myriad of mimetic texts that followed its publication, giving birth to a literary subgenre, the Robinsonade. A glance at the life of Defoe is also offered, so as to illustrate the context of a European world of radical scientific, political and social changes. Contexts and the critical heritage of the work are put together with symbolic data that prove relevant for the research on the imaginary inscribed in the novel. Chapter three acknowledges the aid of a number of studies in the fields of philosophy of science, analytical psychology, mythology, anthropology and religion, which enabled me to interrelate diverse levels of reading. Chapter four offers my transdisciplinary reading of Robinson Crusoe, in which I endeavor to demonstrate that the continued popularity of the novel derives from its capacity to convey concealed meanings connected with elements constitutive of the Imaginary of the Western world.
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Ramaswamy, Vivek. "Oskarshamn - A Smart Energy Island Assessment." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182669.

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Mitigating climate change lies to a large part within the Energy System. In order to make it sustainable and efficient, policies have to be framed accordingly. This study focuses on formulation of policies based on future projections of the energy demand in Oskarshamn municipality of Sweden. Oskarshamn is a former industrial municipality, whose economic activity is in decline and it requires policies that accelerates its growth. It is also stereo-typical of much of Europe, as industrial activities are transferred elsewhere and regions are left to re-invent themselves. Questions such as “how to make the existing system more efficient” and “what is the best energy saving alternative”, have to be answered. For which, Long range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) tool is used to create scenarios based on different pathways and to project the energy demand in the future. The business as usual scenario is compared with mitigation scenario considering various energy efficiency measures. The measures mainly focus on Demand Side Management and improving energy lifestyle interactions. Examples include the impact of electric vehicles (EV) in the transport sector and effects of better insulation in residential buildings, etc. Nuclear is currently the main source and would possibly be phased out in the horizon and thus creating a need for alternative and sustainable sources of energy. The renewable energy scenario focuses on proposals for mixing renewable fuels in the energy supply side. These are not without costs and opportunities which are discussed in the study. The outcomes work a clear delineation of Greenhouse gas mitigation options, which in collaboration with the municipality would form the basis for a policy action plan.
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Forbes, Véronique. "LES MODES ET LES CONDITIONS DE VIE DES FERMIERS ISLANDAIS AU 20E SIÈCLE. Reconstitutions archéoentomologiques de la vie quotidienne sur la ferme de Vatnsfjördur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26514/26514.pdf.

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Gravouniotis, Paraskevas. "Seasonal power peaking and the diffusion of demand-side technologies : modelling socio-economic & technical dynamics in the Greek Islands." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12033.

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Einarsson, Bjarni F. "The settlement of Iceland : a critical approach : Granastaðir and the ecological heritage /." Reykjavik : Hið islenskabókmenntafélag, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366896748.

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Books on the topic "SiGe islands"

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Williams, Paul R. Malta: Island under siege. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2009.

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Williams, Paul R. Malta: Island under siege. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2009.

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HIGGINS, Jack. The dark side ofthe island. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1985.

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Facing fearful odds: The siege of Wake Island. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.

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The other side of the island. New York, N.Y: Razorbill, 2008.

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HIGGINS, Jack. The Dark side of the island. London: Pan, 1989.

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Goodman, Allegra. The Other Side of the Island. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Ginsberg, Adrian. Corfu: The other side. [Corfu, Greece]: Corfu Museum of Asian Art, 2015.

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Norman, Bridwell, Ross Dev, and Studio Orlando, eds. Welcome to Birdwell Island. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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United States. National Ocean Service. Office of Response and Restoration., ed. The Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Preserving the legacy. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "SiGe islands"

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Stangl, J., V. Holý, A. Daniel, T. Roch, G. Bauer, T. H. Metzger, J. Zhu, K. Brunner, and G. Abstreiter. "Shape and size of buried SiGe islands." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 363–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59484-7_167.

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Schmidbauer, Martin. "A Model System: LPE SiGe/Si(001) Islands." In Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, 95–126. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39986-5_4.

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Rainho, Ana, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir, Javier Juste, and Jorge M. Palmeirim. "Current Knowledge and Conservation of the Wild Mammals of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 593–619. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_22.

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AbstractOceanic islands are usually difficult for mammals to colonize; consequently, the native mammal fauna is typically species-poor, often consisting of just a few species of bats. The oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are no exception to this pattern. Still, the known mammal richness is relatively high for the small size of the islands. Out of a total of 13 native species, including 11 bats and 2 shrews, at least 7 species and 3 subspecies are single-island endemics. In addition to native species, at least 6 other wild mammals have been introduced to the islands purposely or accidentally by humans. Some of these are among the world’s most notorious invasive species and cause damage to native species, ecosystems, and humans. Predation by exotic species can threaten native island mammals, which are especially sensitive due to their small populations and limited ranges. These impacts are likely worsened by other threats, such as forest degradation and climate change, and a general lack of knowledge about the natural history of most species also hampers the implementation of conservation measures. Therefore, fostering further research on the endemic-rich mammal fauna of these islands is vital to ensure their persistence.
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de Lima, Ricardo F., Jean-Baptiste Deffontaines, Luísa Madruga, Estrela Matilde, Ana Nuno, and Sara Vieira. "Biodiversity Conservation in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands: Recent Progress, Ongoing Challenges, and Future Directions." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 643–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_24.

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AbstractThe biodiversity of the oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea is valued internationally for its uniqueness and locally for its contribution to human welfare, but it is under growing anthropogenic pressure. We provide an overview of recent progress, ongoing challenges, and future directions for terrestrial and marine conservation. The islands were colonized in the late fifteenth century and have since relied heavily on international markets. Nevertheless, the livelihoods of many islanders depend directly on local natural resources, and growing human populations and economies are intensifying the use of these resources, including timber, land, and fisheries. Here we summarize conservation initiatives on the islands, including pivotal projects and achievements, as well as the rise of civil society and governmental engagement. We also review species and site-based conservation priorities and highlight the need for continuous updating based on ongoing research. Engagement in conservation has increased steadily in recent decades but not fast enough to counteract the growth of anthropogenic pressure on biodiversity. Fostering capacity building, environmental awareness, and research is thus urgent to ensure a thriving future for the islands, able to reconcile economic development and biodiversity conservation.
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Bell, Rayna C., Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Lauren A. Scheinberg, and Robert C. Drewes. "The Amphibians of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 479–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_18.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and conservation of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands’ endemic caecilian and anuran fauna. A total of nine amphibian species (representing five families) are known from São Tomé and Príncipe islands, all of which are endemic. No amphibians have been reported from Annobón. Taxonomic research on this group of animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century with subsequent refinement following the advent of molecular techniques. The presence of several amphibians from distinct evolutionary lineages is unexpected for oceanic islands and has motivated several biogeographic studies to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of these enigmatic species. Yet, the continental source for many of the islands’ amphibians remains unknown. The amphibians of São Tomé and Príncipe also exhibit intriguing phenotypic diversity for addressing long-standing hypotheses in evolutionary biology, including body size evolution and gigantism on islands, intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in coloration, and reproductive and dietary niche partitioning. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibian communities on both São Tomé and Príncipe, but it is unclear whether this pathogen is negatively impacting local populations. Most of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island endemic amphibians are incredibly abundant and widespread, occurring in primary forest, secondary forest, and agricultural habitats across the islands. Three anuran species (Hyperolius thomensis, Leptopelis palmatus, Ptychadena newtoni) have more limited distributions and/or more specialized ecologies; consequently, additional land-use change poses a threat to the long-term persistence of these taxa.
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Watson, Danielle, Loene Howes, Sinclair Dinnen, Melissa Bull, and Sara N. Amin. "Conclusion." In Palgrave's Critical Policing Studies, 187–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10635-4_7.

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AbstractPolice organisations of the Pacific reflect the diversity and complexity of the countries and territories of the region, in terms of their size and the legitimacy and technical capabilities of these relatively young states. This short concluding chapter reflects upon the issues faced by Pacific Island policing organisations as discussed in previous chapters. It acknowledges the challenges police face in negotiating with diverse sources of authority and multiple actors in domestic settings and international settings, as well as the increasing vulnerability of Pacific Island countries and territories to transnational crime and insecurity produced through global mobility and communications technology, and the implications of changing gender dynamics on policing across the region. The chapter calls for further research on Pacific policing that adopts indigenous methodologies, community participation, and stakeholder partnerships to inform appropriately nuanced and contextualised policy and action on policing in the Pacific Islands.
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Behuet, Sabrina, Sebastian Bludau, Olga Kedo, Christian Schiffer, Timo Dickscheid, Andrea Brandstetter, Philippe Massicotte, Mona Omidyeganeh, Alan Evans, and Katrin Amunts. "A High-Resolution Model of the Human Entorhinal Cortex in the ‘BigBrain’ – Use Case for Machine Learning and 3D Analyses." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_1.

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AbstractThe ‘BigBrain’ is a high-resolution data set of the human brain that enables three-dimensional (3D) analyses with a 20 µm spatial resolution at nearly cellular level. We use this data set to explore pre-α (cell) islands of layer 2 in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which are early affected in Alzheimer’s disease and have therefore been the focus of research for many years. They appear mostly in a round and elongated shape as shown in microscopic studies. Some studies suggested that islands may be interconnected based on analyses of their shape and size in two-dimensional (2D) space. Here, we characterized morphological features (shape, size, and distribution) of pre-α islands in the ‘BigBrain’, based on 3D-reconstructions of gapless series of cell-body-stained sections. The EC was annotated manually, and a machine-learning tool was trained to identify and segment islands with subsequent visualization using high-performance computing (HPC). Islands were visualized as 3D surfaces and their geometry was analyzed. Their morphology was complex: they appeared to be composed of interconnected islands of different types found in 2D histological sections of EC, with various shapes in 3D. Differences in the rostral-to-caudal part of EC were identified by specific distribution and size of islands, with implications for connectivity and function of the EC. 3D compactness analysis found more round and complex islands than elongated ones. The present study represents a use case for studying large microscopic data sets. It provides reference data for studies, e.g. investigating neurodegenerative diseases, where specific alterations in layer 2 were previously reported.
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Matsui, Akihiko. "Everyone on the Island Spoke Sign Language." In Economy and Disability, 199–217. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7623-8_15.

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Reed, Lauren W., and Alan Rumsey. "Sign Languages in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands." In Sign Language in Papua New Guinea, 141–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.226.se1.

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Heslop, Michael. "The Hospitallers Dodecanese Islands Before and During the 1522 Siege of Rhodes." In The 1522 Siege of Rhodes, 63–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154563-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "SiGe islands"

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Malissa, H., W. Jantsch, G. Chen, H. Lichtenberger, T. Fromherz, F. Schäffler, G. Bauer, A. Tyryshkin, S. Lyon, and Z. Wilamowski. "Spin relaxation in SiGe islands." In PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors - ICPS 2006. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2730387.

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Novikov, A. V., M. V. Shaleev, A. N. Yablonskiy, O. A. Kuznetsov, Y. N. Drozdov, D. N. Lobanov, and Z. F. Krasilnik. "Intense Photoluminescence from Ge(Si) Self-Assembled Islands Embedded in a Tensile-Strained Si Layer." In 2006 International SiGe Technology and Device Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istdm.2006.246526.

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Denker, U. "Investigating the evolution of dislocated SiGe islands by selective wet-chemical etching." In PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors - ICPS-27. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1994249.

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El Kurdi, M., X. Checoury, T. P. Ngo, S. David, P. Boucaud, O. Kermarrec, Y. Campidelli, and D. Bensahel. "High-quality factor photonic crystal nanocavities probed with SiGe/Si self-assembled islands." In 2007 4th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2007.4347668.

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Rangel-Kuoppa, Victor-Tapio, Alexander Tonkikh, Nikolay Zakharov, Peter Werner, and Wolfgang Jantsch. "Observation of negative differential capacitance (NDC) in Ti Schottky diodes on SiGe islands." In THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS) 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4848441.

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Budazhapova, Anastasia E., and Alexander A. Shklyaev. "Shapes of the Micron-Sized SiGe Islands Grown on Si(100) in Dewetting Conditions." In 2018 19th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2018.8434951.

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Deiter, Steffi, Christian Eisenschmidt, Thomas Teubner, Gerd Schadow, Uwe Jendritzki, Anne Gerlitzke, Frank Syrowatka, Frank Heyroth, Torsten Boeck, and Michael Hanke. "Growth observations of SiGe/Si islands by means of in-situ x-ray diffraction." In 2008 MRS Fall Meetin. Materials Research Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1146-nn10-08.

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Novikov, A. V., A. A. Tonkikh, D. V. Yurasov, A. A. Antonov, N. A. Baydakova, K. E. Kudryavtsev, M. V. Shaleev, D. N. Lobanov, and Z. F. Krasilnik. "Light-emitting SiGe heterostructures with self-assembled islands for optical interconnection in the wavelength range of 1.3–2.1 μm." In 2014 IEEE 11th International Conference on Group IV Photonics. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2014.6961971.

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Baba, Kazutaka, Kazuhiro Hayashi, and Mitsunobu Miyagi. "Silver Island Films for Write-Once Optical Storage Media." In Optical Data Storage. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ods.1994.tud6.

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Recently many write-once (WO) storage media have been proposed and investigated, including organic dye and tellurium based alloy, etc. A metal island film is one of the potential WO storage media. It is composed of nanometer-size metal particles (i.e., islands) and exhibits a high reflectance and large absorptance due to the resonance of free electrons in the islands near the resonance wavelength. As the optical properties of the metal island films can be thermally changed, it is expected that an efficient heat-mode WO optical memory is realized by using them. Laser writing was already reported on gold (Au) island films with a 650 nm-Kr laser from the thermal transformation of Au islands [1] and on copper (Cu) island films with an 820 nm-laser diode from the oxidization of Cu islands [2,3].
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Gu, Xuekang, Xiaolong Liu, Wenwei Chen, and Peng Yang. "Investigation of Wave Evolution Near Islands by On-Site Measurements and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42408.

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Extreme and long-term wave data near small islands, which are quite different from that of open seas, are crucial for the safety of offshore platforms. An environmental measurement system was deployed around a small reef island, which includes three wave buoys. The concerned environment parameters, such as wave height and period, current and wind speeds etc., have been measured by the system in a long-term plan. Meanwhile, a numerical scheme based on shallow water theory was developed, and the numerical simulations of the wave evolution around the islands were carried out and the results were validated with the measured data. It was revealed that the wave statistics changed significantly on the route of wave propagation. The ratios of wave parameters between near island locations and far field were obtained. Based on the method developed in this study, it is possible to predict the wave conditions at a location close to the shore on the basis of the known far field incident wave, which can be used for the design of near shore structures in the future.
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Reports on the topic "SiGe islands"

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Saavedra, José Jorge, and Gerard Alleng. Sustainable Islands: Defining a Sustainable Development Framework Tailored to the Needs of Islands. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002902.

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Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.
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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove, and Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.

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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.
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Sprague, Joshua, David Kushner, James Grunden, Jamie McClain, Benjamin Grime, and Cullen Molitor. Channel Islands National Park Kelp Forest Monitoring Program: Annual report 2014. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293855.

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Channel Islands National Park (CHIS) has conducted long-term ecological monitoring of the kelp forests around San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands since 1982. The original permanent transects were established at 16 sites between 1981 and 1986 with the first sampling beginning in 1982, this being the 33rd year of monitoring. An additional site, Miracle Mile, was established at San Miguel Island in 2001 by a commercial fisherman with assistance from the park. Miracle Mile was partially monitored from 2002 to 2004, and then fully monitored (using all KFM protocols) since 2005. In 2005, 16 additional permanent sites were established to collect baseline data from inside and adjacent to four marine reserves that were established in 2003. Sampling results from all 33 sites mentioned above are included in this report. Funding for the Kelp Forest Monitoring Program (KFM) in 2014 was provided by the National Park Service (NPS). The 2014 monitoring efforts utilized 49 days of vessel time to conduct 1,040 dives for a total of 1,059 hours of bottom time. Population dynamics of a select list of 71 “indicator species” (consisting of taxa or categories of algae, fish, and invertebrates) were measured at the 33 permanent sites. In addition, population dynamics were measured for all additional species of fish observed at the sites during the roving diver fish count. Survey techniques follow the CHIS Kelp Forest Monitoring Protocol Handbook (Davis et al. 1997) and an update to the sampling protocol handbook currently being developed (Kushner and Sprague, in progress). The techniques utilize SCUBA and surface-supplied-air to conduct the following monitoring protocols: 1 m2 quadrats, 5 m2 quadrats, band transects, random point contacts, fish transects, roving diver fish counts, video transects, size frequency measurements, and artificial recruitment modules. Hourly temperature data were collected using remote temperature loggers at 32 sites, the exception being Miracle Mile where there is no temperature logger installed. This annual report contains a brief description of each site including any notable observations or anomalies, a summary of methods used, and monitoring results for 2014. All the data collected during 2014 can be found in the appendices and in an Excel workbook on the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal. In the 2013 annual report (Sprague et al. 2020) several changes were made to the appendices. Previously, annual report density and percent cover data tables only included the current year’s data. Now, density and percent cover data are presented in graphical format and include all years of available monitoring data. Roving diver fish count (RDFC), fish size frequency, natural habitat size frequency, and Artificial Recruitment Module (ARM) size frequency data are now stored on IRMA at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2259651. The temperature data graphs in Appendix L include the same graphs that were used in past reports, but include additional violin plot sections that compare monthly means from the current year to past years. In addition to the changes listed above, the layout of the discussion section was reordered by species instead of by site. The status of kelp forests differed among the five park islands. This is a result of a combination of factors including but not limited to, oceanography, biogeography and associated differences in species abundance and composition, as well as sport and commercial fishing pressure. All 33 permanent sites were established in areas that had or were historically known to have had kelp forests in the past. In 2014, 15 of the 33 sites monitored were characterized as developing kelp forest, kelp forest or mature kelp forest. In addition, three sites were in a state of transition. Two sites were part kelp forest and part dominated by Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...
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Ding, Yan, Sung-Chan Kim, Rusty L. Permenter, Richard B. Styles, and Jeffery A. Gebert. Simulations of Shoreline Changes along the Delaware Coast. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39559.

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This technical report presents two applications of the GenCade model to simulate long-term shoreline evolution along the Delaware Coast driven by waves, inlet sediment transport, and longshore sediment transport. The simulations also include coastal protection practices such as periodic beach fills, post-storm nourishment, and sand bypassing. Two site-specific GenCade models were developed: one is for the coasts adjacent to the Indian River Inlet (IRI) and another is for Fenwick Island. In the first model, the sediment exchanges among the shoals and bars of the inlet were simulated by the Inlet Reservoir Model (IRM) in the GenCade. An inlet sediment transfer factor (γ) was derived from the IRM to quantify the capability of inlet sediment bypassing, measured by a rate of longshore sediments transferred across an inlet from the updrift side to the downdrift side. The second model for the Fenwick Island coast was validated by simulating an 11-y ear-long shoreline evolution driven by longshore sediment transport and periodic beach fills. Validation of the two models was achieved through evaluating statistical errors of simulations. The effects of the sand bypassing operation across the IRI and the beach fills in Fenwick Island were examined by comparing simulation results with and without those protection practices. Results of the study will benefit planning and management of coastal sediments at the sites.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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Amos, C. L., and K. Moran. Sable Island Geological/Geotechnical Borehole Site Selection. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/121051.

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Siegrist, R. L., N. E. Korte, D. A. Pickering, and T. J. Phelps. Bioremediation demonstration on Kwajalein Island: Site characterization and on-site biotreatability studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6204643.

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Taucher, Jan, and Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.

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We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.
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Gailani, Joseph, Burton Suedel, Andrew McQueen, Timothy Lauth, Ursula Scheiblechner, and Robert Toegel. Supporting bank and near-bank stabilization and habitat using dredged sediment : documenting best practices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44946.

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In-water beneficial use of dredged sediment provides the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) the opportunity to increase beneficial use while controlling costs. Beneficial use projects in riverine environments include bank and near-bank placement, where sediments can protect against bank erosion and support habitat diversity. While bank and near-bank placement of navigation dredged sediment to support river-bank stabilization and habitat is currently practiced, documented examples are sparse. Documenting successful projects can support advancing the practice across USACE. In addition, documentation identifies data gaps required to develop engineering and ecosystem restoration guidance using navigation-dredged sediment. This report documents five USACE and international case studies that successfully applied these practices: Ephemeral Island Creation on the Upper Mississippi River; Gravel Island Creation on the Danube River; Gravel Bar Creation on the Tombigbee River; Wetland Habitat Restoration on the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta; and Island and Wetland Creation on the Lower Columbia River Estuary. Increased bank and near-bank placement can have multiple benefits, including reduced dredge volumes that would otherwise increase as banks erode, improved sustainable dredged sediment management strategies, expanded ecosystem restoration opportunities, and improved flood risk management. Data collected from site monitoring can be applied to support development of USACE engineering and ecosystem restoration guidance.
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