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Journal articles on the topic 'Side chain linked'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Zhang, Yan-Ni, Yuwei Zhang, Shan Su, Han-Ying Zhu, Wei Xu, Lu Wang, Meng Wu, et al. "Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 by dimeric side chain-to-side chain cross-linked ACE2 peptide mimetics." Chemical Communications 58, no. 11 (2022): 1804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06301d.

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We reported an enhanced ACE2 peptidomimetic with high binding affinity (16 nM) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD that potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in Huh7-hACE2 cells and neutralizes authentic SARS-CoV-2 in Caco2 cells.

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2

Ullah, Raja Summe, Li Wang, Haojie Yu, Nasir M. Abbasi, Muhammad Akram, Zain -ul-Abdin, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Haroon, and Rizwan Ullah Khan. "Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with different side groups and various tactics for drug delivery." RSC Advances 7, no. 38 (2017): 23363–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27103k.

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3

Schiller, Peter W., Thi M. D. Nguyen, Carole Lemieux, and Louise A. Maziak. "A novel side-chain-linked antiparallel cyclic dimer of enkephalin." FEBS Letters 191, no. 2 (October 28, 1985): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(85)80014-4.

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4

Byrne, CJ, and AD Ward. "The Preparation of Analogs of the Ether-Linked Dimer and Oligomer Components of Hematoporphyrin Derivative." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 3 (1991): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9910411.

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The preparation of ether-linked porphyrin dimers and oligomers which are analogues of those present in the anticancer drugs hematoporphyrin derivative and Photofrin IIR is described. These materials are prepared from the appropriately substituted porphyrins containing a 1-hydroxyethyl or a vinyl side chain through an intermediate 1-bromoethyl derivative. Ether-linked porphyrin dimers with ethyl, formyl , hydroxymethyl and 1-alkoxyethyl side chains were prepared, together with trimers and tetramers containing ethyl side chains. Some of the spectroscopic and biological properties of these compounds are discussed.

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5

Byrne, CJ, IK Morris, and AD Ward. "The Synthesis of the Dimer and Trimer Ether-Linked Components of Hematoporphyrin Derivative." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 11 (1990): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9901889.

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The preparation is described of all of the likely dimer and trimer ether-linked components of the anticancer material known as hematoporphyrin derivative. The hydroxyethyl side chain of one porphyrin, related to hematoporphyrin, reacts readily with a bromoethyl system derived from the same, or similar, hematoporphyrin -derived porphyrin to form a diporphyrin ether. The coupling reaction can be controlled to occur in situ, allowing the preparation of a symmetrical ether-linked dimer , or separately to provide an asymmetrically substituted porphyrin dimer . The bromoethyl groups can be formed from either the hydroxyethyl groups or, more slowly, from a vinyl side chain by using hydrogen bromide in dichloromethane. Ether-linked porphyrin trimers can be prepared by reacting a dibromoethyl system with 2 equiv. of a hydroxyethyl -containing porphyrin or by further reaction of an initially formed dimer. Hydroxyethyl side chains in the dimers and trimers are best obtained by reduction of an acetyl group. Some spectral properties of the products are described.

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6

Du, Xinming, Minghui Li, Zhe Wang, and Jingmei Xu. "The ordered side chain imidazole functionalized cross-linked anion exchange membrane." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00679.

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7

Angiolini, Luigi, Tiziana Benelli, Valentina Cocchi, Massimiliano Lanzi, and Elisabetta Salatelli. "Side chain porphyrin moiety linked to polymer-fullerene composite solar cell." Reactive and Functional Polymers 73, no. 9 (September 2013): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.05.007.

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8

Verjans, Jente, Alexis André, Evelyne Van Ruymbeke, and Richard Hoogenboom. "Physically Cross-Linked Polybutadiene by Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding through Side-Chain Incorporation of Ureidopyrimidinone with Branched Alkyl Side Chains." Macromolecules 55, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 928–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01908.

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9

Wang, Xiaoxuan, Zhaoxia Li, Haiying Zhao, and Shufeng Chen. "New azobenzene liquid crystal with dihydropyrazole heterocycle and photoisomerization studies." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 7 (July 2020): 200474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200474.

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New azobenzene derivatives with dihydropyrazole heterocycle have been prepared and characterized. According to thermal polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies, the compounds consisting of four linearly linked rings and a long alkoxy chain on the azobenzene side ( 3a-8 and 3a-14 ) displayed no liquid crystal properties. When the length of mesogenic unit increased to five rings, except for compound 5a-8 , all compounds from 5a-10 to 5a-16 containing a long chain of 10–16 carbon atoms on the side of ester group displayed liquid crystalline properties, and the mesogenic domain gradually narrowed with increase of the chain length. However, in the case of the molecule with long alkoxy chains on both sides, only 5c-16 with a long chain of 16 carbon atoms exhibited liquid crystal behaviour. In addition, these azo compounds underwent isomerization from E to Z under ultraviolet irradiation and then thermal back relaxation slowly in the dark, which can be recycled many times.

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10

Moehle, C. M., C. K. Dixon, and E. W. Jones. "Processing pathway for protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.2.309.

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The vacuolar protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a subtilisin-like protease encoded by the PRB1 gene. Antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide and an Escherichia coli-derived PRB1 open reading frame (ORF) protein cross-react with authentic protease B from yeast. By using these antibodies, the posttranslational biosynthetic pathway of protease B has been elucidated. Preproprotease B is a 76-kD unglycosylated precursor that enters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it receives one asparagine-linked (Asn-linked) and an undetermined number of non-Asn-linked carbohydrate side chains. The large glycosylated intermediate is proteolytically processed to a 39-kD form before exiting the ER. In the Golgi complex, the 39-kD form becomes 40 kD, due to elaboration of the Asn-linked side chain. The carboxyterminal end of the 40-kD proprotease B undergoes protease A-mediated processing to a 37-kD intermediate, which in turn is quickly processed to 31-kD mature protease B. The ultimate processing step removes a peptide containing the Asn-linked chain; mature PrB has only non-Asn-linked carbohydrate.

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11

Yousuf, Sammer, Shafqat Hussain, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Muhammad Shabeer, and Shahnaz Perveen. "Crystal structure of methyl 2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 9 (August 22, 2015): o677—o678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015014061.

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In the title coumarin derivative, C12H10O5, the fused ring system is almost planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.016 Å). The Car—C—C=O torsion angle of the side chain is −8.4 (2)° In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generatingC(8) chains propagating in the [100] direction. The chains are cross-linked by weak C—H...O interactions, thereby generating undulating (001) sheets.

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12

Khripach, Vladimir, Vladimir Zhabinskii, Alexey Antonchick, Raissa Litvinovskaya, Svetlana Drach, Oleg Sviridov, Andrey Pryadko, Tatyana Novik, Vitaliy Matveentsev, and Bernd Schneider. "A New Type of Modified Brassinosteroids for Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 5 (May 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300513.

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New modified brassinosteroids (BS) with a full set of specific functional groups and with an additional one at C-26 have been synthesized and used as haptens for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The haptens were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the obtained immunoconjugates were applied for production of polyclonal antibodies. A conjugation of the haptens to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) gave the corresponding enzyme-labeled BS – another principal component for immuno-competitive analysis. The steroids were linked to proteins through spacers at the terminal side chain carbon atom (C-26) that made both the cyclic part and the side chain exposed for recognition by antibodies. It allowed maximization of their sensitivity and for the first time made possible immunochemical distinguishing of the most important group of natural BS, B-lactones, from B-ketones and 6-deoxo derivatives. The synthesis of haptens based on a sequence of transformations starting from stigmasterol included Claisen rearrangement of 22-allylic ethers as a key reaction in the side chain construction.

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13

Diwakara, Shashini D., Gregory T. McCandless, Sampath B. Alahakoon, and Ronald A. Smaldone. "Synthesis of Side-Chain-Free Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks through Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Activation." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (April 2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1477-5123.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) activation provides milder conditions to process covalent organic frameworks (COFs) without compromising their crystallinity and porosity. To this end, three hydrazone COFs (TFPB-DHz COF, TFPT-DHz COF, Py-DHz COF) were synthesized with a terephthaloyl dihydrazide linker (DHz) which has no substituents. To date, the synthesis of hydrazone COFs without a narrow range of alkoxy linkers has not been possible. The scCO2-activated hydrazone-linked COFs in this study were crystalline and had high surface areas (surface areas of TFPB-DHz COF, TFPT-DHz COF, and Py-DHz COF were 790, 1199, and 932 m2/g, respectively). This study shows the significance of using milder activation methods for making hydrazone-linked COF structures that were previously inaccessible.

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14

Mountaki, Stella Afroditi, Maria Kaliva, Konstantinos Loukelis, Maria Chatzinikolaidou, and Maria Vamvakaki. "Responsive Polyesters with Alkene and Carboxylic Acid Side-Groups for Tissue Engineering Applications." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101636.

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Main chain polyesters have been extensively used in the biomedical field. Despite their many advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and others, these materials are rather inert and lack specific functionalities which will endow them with additional biological and responsive properties. In this work, novel pH-responsive main chain polyesters have been prepared by a conventional condensation polymerization of a vinyl functionalized diol with a diacid chloride, followed by a photo-induced thiol-ene click reaction to attach functional carboxylic acid side-groups along the polymer chains. Two different mercaptocarboxylic acids were employed, allowing to vary the alkyl chain length of the polymer pendant groups. Moreover, the degree of modification, and as a result, the carboxylic acid content of the polymers, was easily tuned by varying the irradiation time during the click reaction. Both these parameters, were shown to strongly influence the responsive behavior of the polyesters, which presented adjustable pKα values and water solubilities. Finally, the difunctional polyesters bearing the alkene and carboxylic acid functionalities enabled the preparation of cross-linked polyester films by chemically linking the pendant vinyl bonds on the polymer side groups. The biocompatibility of the cross-linked polymers films was assessed in L929 fibroblast cultures and showed that the cell viability, proliferation, and attachment were greatly promoted on the polyester surface, bearing the shorter alkyl chain length side groups and the higher fraction of carboxylic acid functionalities.

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15

Marshall, Jonathan, Jake Hooton, Yang Han, Adam Creamer, Raja Shahid Ashraf, Yoann Porte, Thomas D. Anthopoulos, et al. "Polythiophenes with vinylene linked ortho, meta and para-carborane sidechains." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 21 (2014): 6190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00767k.

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16

Chatani, Eri, Keisuke Yuzu, Yumiko Ohhashi, and Yuji Goto. "Current Understanding of the Structure, Stability and Dynamic Properties of Amyloid Fibrils." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094349.

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Amyloid fibrils are supramolecular protein assemblies represented by a cross-β structure and fibrous morphology, whose structural architecture has been previously investigated. While amyloid fibrils are basically a main-chain-dominated structure consisting of a backbone of hydrogen bonds, side-chain interactions also play an important role in determining their detailed structures and physicochemical properties. In amyloid fibrils comprising short peptide segments, a steric zipper where a pair of β-sheets with side chains interdigitate tightly is found as a fundamental motif. In amyloid fibrils comprising longer polypeptides, each polypeptide chain folds into a planar structure composed of several β-strands linked by turns or loops, and the steric zippers are formed locally to stabilize the structure. Multiple segments capable of forming steric zippers are contained within a single protein molecule in many cases, and polymorphism appears as a result of the diverse regions and counterparts of the steric zippers. Furthermore, the β-solenoid structure, where the polypeptide chain folds in a solenoid shape with side chains packed inside, is recognized as another important amyloid motif. While side-chain interactions are primarily achieved by non-polar residues in disease-related amyloid fibrils, the participation of hydrophilic and charged residues is prominent in functional amyloids, which often leads to spatiotemporally controlled fibrillation, high reversibility, and the formation of labile amyloids with kinked backbone topology. Achieving precise control of the side-chain interactions within amyloid structures will open up a new horizon for designing useful amyloid-based nanomaterials.

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17

Prasad, N. L., M. S. Krishnamurthy, H. Nagarajaiah, and Noor Shahina Begum. "Crystal structure of ethyl 5-acetyl-2-{[(dimethylamino)methylidene]amino}-4-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 10 (September 17, 2015): o762—o763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015016217.

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In the title thiophene derivative, C13H18N2O3S, the dihedral angles between the thiophene ring and the [(dimethylamino)methylidene]amino side chain (r.m.s. deviation = 0.009 Å) and the –CO2ester group are 3.01 (16) and 59.9 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds generateR22(16) loops. The dimers are linked by another weak C—H...O interaction, forming chains along [001]. In addition, weak C—H...π interactions are observed, which link the chains into (001) layers.

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18

Itano, Misaki, Yuichiro Kobayashi, Yoshinori Takashima, Akira Harada, and Hiroyasu Yamaguchi. "Mechanical properties of supramolecular polymeric materials cross-linked by donor–acceptor interactions." Chemical Communications 55, no. 26 (2019): 3809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01472a.

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19

Tegge, Werner, Carlos F. S. Bonafe, Aileen Teichmann, and Christian Erck. "Synthesis of Peptides from α- and β-Tubulin Containing Glutamic Acid Side-Chain Linked Oligo-Glu with Defined Length." International Journal of Peptides 2010 (December 15, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/189396.

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Side-chain oligo- and polyglutamylation represents an important posttranslational modification in tubulin physiology. The particular number of glutamate units is related to specific regulatory functions. In this work, we present a method for the synthesis of building blocks for the Fmoc synthesis of peptides containing main chain glutamic acid residues that carry side-chain branching with oligo-glutamic acid. The two model peptide sequences CYEEVGVDSVEGEG-E()-EEGEEY and CQDATADEQG-E()-FEEEEGEDEA from the C-termini of mammalian α1- and β1-tubulin, respectively, containing oligo-glutamic acid side-chain branching with lengths of 1 to 5 amino acids were assembled in good yield and purity. The products may lead to the generation of specific antibodies which should be important tools for a more detailed investigation of polyglutamylation processes.

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20

Angiolini, Luigi, Daniele Caretti, Stefano Rossetti, Elisabetta Salatelli, and Marco Scoponi. "Radical polymeric photoinitiators bearing side-chain camphorquinone moieties linked to the main chain through a flexible spacer." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 43, no. 23 (2005): 5879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21055.

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21

Wang, Qiang, Zhuan Ni Yu, and Liang Min Yu. "Anti-Biofouling of a Novel Cross-Linked Copolymer Containing a HMBA Side Chain." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10 (May 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.10.1.

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Biofouling on underwater engineered structures, especially on ship hulls, results in increased operational and maintenance costs. Fouling is not only of an ecological interest, but it is also important from applied and commercial perspectives. With the development of society, widely used Tributyltin compounds (TBT) for biofouling control have been prohibited worldwide at the end of 2008. The need to develop new environment friendly antifouling agents has been highlighted. Herein we report on the synthesis and characterization of a novel cross-linkable copolymer containing a HMBA side chain. The paper is mainly focused on the synthesis of novel resin and its antifouling performance. Apart from use of acrylate monomer, the two other important monomers γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (HD-70) and N-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy-Benzyl) acrylanine (HMBA) were selected to construct low surface energy materials. Finally, the antifouling properties of resins were carried through by the colonization of benthic diatoms (Nitzschia flosterium) and ocean plates of an offshore platform. Experimental results indicated the novel resins containing a HMBA side chain possessing better antifouling properties than a standard polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) coating in the Qingdao ocean.

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22

MATSUMOTO, Shunsuke, and Daisuke KOHDA. "Structural Basis of the Asparagine Side Chain Activation in N-Linked Protein Glycosylation." Seibutsu Butsuri 54, no. 3 (2014): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.54.158.

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23

Skaff, Ojia, Katrina A. Jolliffe, and Craig A. Hutton. "Synthesis of the Side Chain Cross-Linked Tyrosine Oligomers Dityrosine, Trityrosine, and Pulcherosine." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 18 (September 2005): 7353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo051076m.

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24

Welsch, Nicole, Ashley C. Brown, Thomas H. Barker, and L. Andrew Lyon. "Enhancing clot properties through fibrin-specific self-cross-linked PEG side-chain microgels." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 166 (June 2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.003.

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25

Kishimoto, Tadashi, Mayumi Watanabe, Toshiaki Mitsui, and Hidetaka Hori. "Glutelin Basic Subunits Have a Mammalian Mucin-Type O-Linked Disaccharide Side Chain." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 370, no. 2 (October 1999): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1999.1406.

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26

Brown, DJ, and K. Mori. "Heterocyclic Amplifiers of Phleomycin. VI. Some Phenylpurines, Phenylpteridines, Phenylquinazolines and Related Compounds." Australian Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 3 (1985): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9850467.

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Synthetic routes are described to a series of 2-, 6- and 8- phenylpurines , each with an appropriate S-or NH-linked side chain elsewhere in the molecule; to 2- and 4-phenylpteridines, each with a similar side chain and some with two additional C-methyl groups, to 2- and 4-phenylquinazolines, each equipped with an analogous side chain; and to two pyridinyl analogues of the above. Three of the above components are shown to have considerable activity as amplifiers of phleomycin -G in an in vitro bacterial system.

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27

Otake, Shinya, Norihiro Ogawa, Yoshikazu Kitano, Keiji Hasumi, and Eriko Suzuki. "Isoprene Side-chain of SMTP is Essential for Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition and Cellular Localization." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 2 (February 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100223.

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SMTPs, a family of natural small molecules that effectively treat ischemic stroke, are subject to clinical development. SMTPs enhance plasminogen activation and inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), leading to promotion of endogenous thrombolysis and anti-inflammation. The SMTP molecule consists of a tricyclic γ-lactam moiety, an isoprene side-chain, and an N-linked side-chain. Here, we investigate the yet-to-be-characterized function of the isoprene side-chain of SMTPs in sEH inhibition and cellular distribution. The results demonstrated that oxidative modification as well as truncation of the side-chain abolished epoxide hydrolase inhibition. The introduction of a terminal hydroxy group exceptionally unaffected epoxide hydrolase, but led to impaired cellular localization, resulting in diminution of cellular epoxide hydrolase inhibition. Thus, the isoprene side-chain of SMTP is an important pharmacophore for epoxide hydrolase inhibition and cellular localization.

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28

Issa, Mohamady A. "Structural investigation of water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) polysaccharides. Part I. Water-soluble polysaccharides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 2777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-428.

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A galactomannan and a branched (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan were isolated from the water hyacinth plant. The galactomannan, purified from the cold water extract, is composed of D-galactose and D-mannose in a ratio of 1.0:2.8. It has a (1 → 4)-linked D-mannose backbone, one out of three D-mannose residues being substituted with a single α-D-galactosyl unit. The branched (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan isolated from the hot water extract has a main chain composed of β-(1 → 3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, and two single β(1 → 6)-D-glucopyranosyl groups attached as side chains to, on average, every 5 sugar units of the main chain. In addition, the branching of the β-glucan occurs regularly at O-6 of the β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone.

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29

Airinei, Anton, Elena Rusu, and Virgil Barboiu. "Responsive behavior of 4-(N-maleimido)azobenzene in polymers with aromatic main chain and side chain linked units." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 21, no. 3 (2010): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532010000300014.

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30

Sharma, Gangavaram V. M., Gonuguntla Anjaiah, Marumudi Kanakaraju, Bommeda Sudhakar, Deepak Chatterjee, and Ajit C. Kunwar. "Synthesis of a new β-amino acid with a 3-deoxy-l-ara furnaoside side chain: the influence of the side chain on the conformation of α/β-peptides." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2016): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01753j.

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31

Yapo, Beda M. "Pectin Rhamnogalacturonan II: On the “Small Stem with Four Branches” in the Primary Cell Walls of Plants." International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2011 (December 29, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/964521.

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Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) is a type of block copolymer of complex pectins that represents a quantitatively minor component of the primary cell walls of land (vascular) plants. The structural composition of RG-II is almost totally sequenced and appears to be remarkably conserved in all tracheophytes so far examined. The backbone of RG-II, released from complex (cell wall) pectins by endo-polygalacturonase (Endo-PG) treatment, has been found to contain up to 15 (1→4)-linked-α-D-GalpA units, some of which carry four well-defined side chains, often referred to as A-, B-, C-, and D-side chains. Nevertheless, the relative locations on the backbone of these four branches, especially the A chain, remain to be ascertained. A combination of different data suggests that neither the terminal nonreducing GalA nor the contiguous GalA unit is likely to be the branching point of the A chain, but probably the ninth GalA residue from the reducing end, assuming a minimum backbone length of 11 (1→4)-linked-α-d-GalpA. The latest reports on RG-II are here highlighted, with a provided update for the macrostructure and array of functionalities.

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32

Yu, Kaijin, Shuai Bi, Wenyong Ming, Weiwei Wei, Yinghang Zhang, Junsong Xu, Peirong Qiang, Feng Qiu, Dongqing Wu, and Fan Zhang. "Side-chain-tuned π-extended porous polymers for visible light-activated hydrogen evolution." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 27 (2019): 3758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00512a.

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Side-chain-tuned conjugated porous polymers with sp²-carbon-linked skeleton feature excellent π-delocalization, narrow band gaps, hydrophilicity and chemical stability, allowing for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting.

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33

KISHIMOTO, Tadashi, Hidetaka HORI, Mayumi WATANABE, and Toshiaki MITSUI. "Basic Subunit of Glutelin, Rice Major Storage Protein, has N-Linked Sugar Side Chain." Plant Biotechnology 17, no. 3 (2000): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.217.

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34

Sala-Rabanal, Monica, Larryn W. Peterson, Michaela Serpi, Ivan S. Krylov, Boris A. Kashemirov, Jae Seung Kim, Stefanie Mitchell, John M. Hilfinger, and Charles E. McKenna. "Interactions Between the Human Oligopeptide Transporter, hPepT1 and Serine Side-chain-linked Cidofovir Prodrugs." Antiviral Research 82, no. 2 (May 2009): A53—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.124.

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35

Fawzi, Nicolas L., Mark R. Fleissner, Nicholas J. Anthis, Tamás Kálai, Kálmán Hideg, Wayne L. Hubbell, and G. Marius Clore. "A rigid disulfide-linked nitroxide side chain simplifies the quantitative analysis of PRE data." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 51, no. 1-2 (September 2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-011-9545-x.

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36

Piekielna, Justyna, Luca Gentilucci, Rossella De Marco, Renata Perlikowska, Anna Adamska, Jacek Olczak, Marzena Mazur, et al. "Cyclic side-chain-linked opioid analogs utilizing cis - and trans -4-aminocyclohexyl- d -alanine." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 23 (December 2014): 6545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.022.

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37

Breed, Peter G., James A. Ramsden, and John M. Brown. "Scope and limitations of ruthenium-catalyzed metathesis of simple polymer-bound alkenes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2001): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-045.

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Synthetic procedures for the preparation of two types of functional resin are described, both based on 2% cross-linked polystyrene with a high density (>60%) of side-chains and terminated by a primary alcohol. In the first case the C11 side-chain is linked to the polymer through a sulfide, and in the second an ether linkage is employed to incorporate a (CH2CH2O)4 unit. In both cases the resins have 13C NMR spectra that are informative in the chain terminus region without special operating conditions. Model intermolecular metathesis reactions were carried out on allylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester and various alkenes with Grubbs' catalyst. On the basis of these experiments, gel-phase metathesis was successfully demonstrated between a polymer-bound allyl ether and simple symmetrical disubstituted alkenes, monitoring the extent of reaction by 13C NMR. These reactions did not go to completion even with recycling and some evidence for competing interchain metathesis is presented, based on the increased broadening and reduced mobility of the ensuing polymer.Key words: alkene metathesis, ruthenium, gel-phase, 13C NMR.

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38

Sreenivasa, S., M. S. Nanjundaswamy, K. E. Manojkumar, S. Madankumar, N. K. Lokanath, and P. A. Suchetan. "1-Fluoro-4-[(E)-2-nitrovinyl]benzene." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 2 (January 11, 2014): o124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814000348.

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The title compound, C8H6FNO2, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms = 0.019 Å) and the conformation across the C=C bond istrans. The C and H atoms of the side chain are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.56 (3):0.44 (3) ratio. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O interactions, thus formingC(5) chains propagating in [001].

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39

Parkinson, J. F., C. J. Vlahos, S. C. B. Yan, and N. U. Bang. "Recombinant human thrombomodulin. Regulation of cofactor activity and anticoagulant function by a glycosaminoglycan side chain." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830151.

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Two glycoforms of a secretable human thrombomodulin mutant [TMD1-105 and TMD1-75; Parkinson, Grinnell, Moore, Hoskins, Vlahos & Bang (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 12602-12610] were expressed in human 293 cells and used to study the role of glycosylation in the functions of this endothelial-cell thrombin receptor. Carbohydrate content analysis and intrinsic labelling with [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulphate showed that TMD1-105 contained a chondroitin sulphate whereas TMD1-75 did not. Other than chondroitin sulphate, the carbohydrate contents of the two glycoforms were identical, indicating similar glycosylation patterns at other O-linked and N-linked sites in the two glycoforms. The properties of TMD1-105 were converted into those of TMD1-75 by chondroitin ABC lyase digestion. Trypsin digestion of labelled TMD1-105 permitted isolation of two overlapping peptides that contained chondroitin sulphate, spanned the entire O-glycosylation domain and had O-glycosylation sites at Ser-492, Ser-498, Thr-500, Thr-504 and Thr-506. The chondroitin sulphate-attachment site was assigned to Ser-492 as this residue is conserved in mouse and bovine thrombomodulin and lies within a sequence Ser-Gly-Ser-492-Gly-Glu-Pro, which has strong similarity to chondroitin sulphate attachment sites in other proteoglycans. Five peptides with N-linked carbohydrate were also isolated and contained glycosylation sites in the lectin-like domain (Asn-47, Asn-115, Asn-116) and in the fourth (Asn-382) and fifth (Asn-409) epidermal growth factor domains. The role of N-linked and simple O-linked carbohydrates in the functions of human thrombomodulin remain unclear. The present studies demonstrate, however, that the presence of chondroitin sulphate in human thrombomodulin has profound effects on all of the anticoagulant properties of this important anticoagulant thrombin receptor.

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40

Zhao, Zhe-Han, Xian-Yan Ju, Kui-Wu Wang, Xin-Juan Chen, Hong-Xiang Sun, and Ke-Jun Cheng. "Structure Characterization, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharide from Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn." Foods 11, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131834.

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Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Pteridaceae family) has been widely used as a food and medicine in China and Korea. Previous studies indicate that P. aquilinum contains a variety of bioactive chemical components such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and so on. In the present study, a novel polysaccharide (named as PAP-3) with average molecular weight of 2.14 × 105 Da was obtained from P. aquilinum. The structure was studied through physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The results indicated that PAP-3 consists of arabinose, rhamnose, fucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 1.58:1.00:3.26:4.57:4.81:3.33. The polysaccharide is mainly composed of (1→2)-linked xylose and (1→3,6)-linked mannose on the main chain, with (1→2)-linked xylose, (1→6)-linked mannose, and (1→6)- and (1→3,6)-linked galactose as side chains. Galactose, fucose, and xylose are located at the end of the side chains. The in vitro immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities were assayed. PAP-3 has strong free-radical scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals and significant immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells. These data provide useful information for further study on the polysaccharides of P. aquilinum and their applications in the food and medical industries.

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41

Artheswari, G., V. Maheshwaran, and N. Gautham. "Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019012866.

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The title compound, C18H18F2N2O3, crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. They differ essentially in the orientation of the pyridine ring with respect to the benzene ring; these two rings are inclined to each other by 53.3 (2)° in molecule A and by 72.9 (2)° in molecule B. The 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy) side chain has an extended conformation in both molecules. The two molecules are linked by a pair of C—H...O hydrogen bonds and two C—H...π interactions, forming an A–B unit. In the crystal, this unit is linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag –A–B–A–B– chain along [001]. The chains are linked by C—H...N and C—H...F hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to the ac plane. Finally, the layers are linked by a third C—H...π interaction, forming a three-dimensional structure. The major contributions to the Hirshfeld surface are those due to H...H contacts (39.7%), followed by F...H/H...F contacts (19.2%).

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42

Wang, Yajian, Huifang Liu, Pengpeng Li, and Linbing Wang. "The Effect of Cross-Linking Type on EPDM Elastomer Dynamics and Mechanical Properties: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071308.

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The cross-linking structure of the Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) is made up of a number of cross-linking types, including carbon atoms from the main chain or monomer and ether crosslinks formed during degradation. Through molecular dynamic simulations, the contribution of each type of cross-linked structure to the dynamics and mechanical properties of EPDM, the study’s focus, were investigated. Cross-linking between the tertiary carbons of two main chains, cross-linking at the monomer’s unsaturated position, ether cross-linking after oxidation, and other combinations of target cross-linked carbon atoms from different positions, totaling eight types of cross-linked types, were mixed with EPDM free chains in a 1:1 ratio to form eight types of cross-linked EPDMs. These varieties of cross-linked EPDMs were then compared to an uncross-linked EPDM in terms of density, radius of gyration, free volume, mean square displacement, and uniaxial tensile stress-strain curves. It was found that the cross-linking was always proven to have a favorable influence on mechanical characteristics; however, the relaxation inhibition effect varied. The cross-linking between the diene monomer at the C9 position resulted in a more flexible molecular shape and was more than double the free volume of the uncross-linked EPDM, resulting in an improved diffusion ability. The ether cross-linking produced by the oxidation of the side chain cross-linking improved the positive contribution to stiffness and enhanced the inhibitory impact on diffusion properties, whereas the main chain cross-linking had the opposite effect. The research presented in this study leads to a better knowledge of the microscopic aspects underlying EPDM performance.

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43

Soo Choi, Moon, Hyung Jun Kim, Taek Seung Lee, and Won Seok Lyoo. "Newly Synthesized Branch-type Aromatic Oxadiazole Polymer and Binary Fluorescence Patterning on its Film." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (October 2007): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008306081195.

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Aromatic side-chain oxadiazole polymer linked with 9,9'-dioctylfluorene was successfully synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction. Hydroxyphenyl group was attached in the 2-position of the oxadiazole unit in the polymer side chain to control the optical properties of the polymer. We confirmed the presence of the t-butoxycarbonyl group on the hydroxyl group using thermogravimetric analysis, which was incorporated to avoid side reaction during polymerization. We also performed the simple and easy fabrication method for the dual fluorescence image using photochemical cleavage of the t-butoxycarbonyl group from the polymer to induce fluorescence color changes before and after UV irradiation.

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44

Kuroki, Aki, Yasuhiro Kuroda, Shuichi Kikuchi, Frédéric Lajaunias, Thierry Fulpius, Yves Pastore, Liliane Fossati-Jimack, et al. "Level of galactosylation determines cryoglobulin activity of murine IgG3 monoclonal rheumatoid factor." Blood 99, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 2922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.8.2922.

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Abstract Autoantibodies of the cryoprecipitating IgG3 isotype have been shown to play a significant role in the development of murine lupus–like autoimmune syndrome. At present, the structural basis of IgG3 cryoprecipitation and its role in autoantibody pathogenicity remain to be defined. Using molecular variants of an IgG3 monoclonal rheumatoid factor, 6-19, derived from an autoimmune MRL-Faslpr mouse, we have investigated the implication of charged residues in the heavy-chain variable (VH) region, potential CH3-linked oligosaccharides, and galactosylation of CH2-linked oligosaccharides in its cryoglobulin activity. The cryoglobulin activity of the IgG3 6-19 mutant bearing more negatively charged residues at VH 6 and 23 was found to be reduced but still highly significant, whereas that of the mutant lacking a potential CH3 glycosylation site remained unchanged. In marked contrast, IgG3 6-19 variants obtained from 6-19 heavy-chain transgenic mice displayed barely detectable cryoglobulin activity associated with an increased level of galactosylation in the CH2 oligosaccharide side chains. Thus, our data strongly suggest that the cryoglobulin activity of IgG3 6-19 autoantibody is critically determined by levels of galactosylation in the CH2 oligosaccharide side chains, whereas VH residues play a secondary role in 6-19 IgG3 cryoglobulin activity.

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45

Hoang, Huy N., Timothy A. Hill, Gloria Ruiz-Gómez, Frederik Diness, Jody M. Mason, Chongyang Wu, Giovanni Abbenante, Nicholas E. Shepherd, and David P. Fairlie. "Twists or turns: stabilising alpha vs. beta turns in tetrapeptides." Chemical Science 10, no. 45 (2019): 10595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc04153b.

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46

Swain, Jonathan A., Stephen R. Walker, Matthew B. Calvert, and Margaret A. Brimble. "The tryptophan connection: cyclic peptide natural products linked via the tryptophan side chain." Natural Product Reports 39, no. 2 (2022): 410–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1np00043h.

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47

Ashry, El Sayed H. El, Nagwa Rashed, Laila F. Awad, Adel A. H. Abdel-Rahman, and Hanna A. Rasheed. "Synthesis of New 7-Alkylated Theophyllines by Chemical Modification of Dyphylline." Journal of Chemical Research 2001, no. 4 (April 2001): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823401103169405.

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48

Dong, Shengli, Sylvia A. McPherson, Yun Wang, Mei Li, Pengfei Wang, Charles L. Turnbough, and David G. Pritchard. "Characterization of the Enzymes Encoded by the Anthrose Biosynthetic Operon of Bacillus anthracis." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 19 (July 30, 2010): 5053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00568-10.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis spores, the etiological agents of anthrax, possess a loosely fitting outer layer called the exosporium that is composed of a basal layer and an external hairlike nap. The filaments of the nap are formed by trimers of the collagenlike glycoprotein BclA. Multiple pentasaccharide and trisaccharide side chains are O linked to BclA. The nonreducing terminal residue of the pentasaccharide side chain is the unusual sugar anthrose. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for anthrose biosynthesis has been proposed, and an antABCD operon encoding four putative anthrose biosynthetic enzymes has been identified. In this study, we genetically and biochemically characterized the activities of these enzymes. We also used mutant B. anthracis strains to determine the effects on BclA glycosylation of individually inactivating the genes of the anthrose operon. The inactivation of antA resulted in the appearance of BclA pentasaccharides containing anthrose analogs possessing shorter side chains linked to the amino group of the sugar. The inactivation of antB resulted in BclA being replaced with only trisaccharides, suggesting that the enzyme encoded by the gene is a dTDP-β-l-rhamnose α-1,3-l-rhamnosyl transferase that attaches the fourth residue of the pentasaccharide side chain. The inactivation of antC and antD resulted in the disappearance of BclA pentasaccharides and the appearance of a tetrasaccharide lacking anthrose. These phenotypes are entirely consistent with the proposed roles for the antABCD-encoded enzymes in anthrose biosynthesis. Purified AntA was then shown to exhibit β-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase activity, as we predicted. Similarly, we confirmed that purified AntC had aminotransferase activity and that purified AntD displayed N-acyltransferase activity.

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49

Zhang, Hui, Yan Shang, Hong Zhao, Xuan Wang, Baozhong Han, and Zesheng Li. "Theoretical study on the tailored side-chain architecture of benzil-like voltage stabilizers for enhanced dielectric strength of cross-linked polyethylene." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23718a.

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The mechanism of benzil-like voltage stabilizers with the tailored side-chain architecture for enhanced dielectric electrical breakdown strength of cross-linked polyethylene at the atomic and molecular levels has been investigated.

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50

Gyarmati, Benjámin, Aysel Mammadova, Gergely Stankovits, Dóra Barczikai, and András Szilágyi. "Effect of Side Groups on the Hydrolytic Stability of Thiolated and Disulfide Cross-linked Polyaspartamides." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.16869.

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Thiolated polyaspartamides either with N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethyl (DME), N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl (DMP) or 2-hydroxyethyl (HE) side groups were synthesized to study the effect of side groups on the hydrolytic stability of these polymers. The chemical structure of linear polymers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, while thiol content was determined by Ellman's assay. Hydrolytic stability of thiolated polyaspartamides was studied by viscosity measurements and results suggested main-chain degradation in the presence of DME side groups. Polyaspartamides with DMP or HE side groups showed considerable stability. Thiolated polyaspartamides were converted to their disulfide cross-linked hydrogels and the gelation process was followed by oscillatory rheology. Time-dependence of dynamic moduli indicated the degradation of hydrogels containing DME side groups, while stable moduli were observed for hydrogels containing DMP or HE side groups. This structure-dependent aqueous degradation of polyaspartamides can be useful in different biomedical fields.

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