Journal articles on the topic 'Sicily (Italy) – Rural conditions'
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Grosso, Giuseppe, Stefano Marventano, Gabriele Giorgianni, Teodoro Raciti, Fabio Galvano, and Antonio Mistretta. "Mediterranean diet adherence rates in Sicily, southern Italy." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (August 14, 2013): 2001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002188.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet and nutrient intakes in a population of Sicily, southern Italy and to evaluate possible determinants, particularly socio-cultural and lifestyle factors.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUrban and rural areas of eastern Sicily.SubjectsBetween May 2009 and December 2010, 3090 adults were randomly recruited through the collaboration of fourteen general practitioners. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the MedDietScore. Nutrient intakes were assessed through the 24 h recall of the previous day's dietary intake.ResultsRural participants were barely more adherent to the Mediterranean diet than their urban counterparts (mean scores were 27·8 and 27·2, respectively, P = 0·037). The MedDietScore was correlated with intakes of MUFA, fibre and vitamin C, as well as with consumption of non-refined cereals, vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy products, alcohol and nuts. Regression analysis revealed that older and more educated people were more likely to be in the highest tertile of MedDietScore (OR = 1.90; 95 % CI 1·39, 2·59 and OR = 1·29; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·58, respectively). A significant difference in quantity (moderate) and quality (red wine and beer) of alcohol was found according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Finally, more active participants were 1·5 times more likely to form part of the high-adherence group.ConclusionsA slow but concrete moving away from traditional patterns has been observed in younger people and low educated people. Public health interventions should focus on these target populations in order to improve the quality of their diet.
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Venturella, Giuseppe, Alessandro Saitta, Gerlando Mandracchia, and Maria Letizia Gargano. "Two Rare NorthernEntolomaSpecies Observed in Sicily under Exceptionally Cold Weather Conditions." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/957212.
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The biology and ecology of manyEntolomaspecies is still poorly known as well as their geographical distribution. In Italy, there are no studies on the influence of weather on fungal abundance and richness and our knowledge on the ecology and distribution ofEntolomaspecies needs to be improved. The discovery of twoEntolomaspecies in Sicily (southern Italy), reported in the literature as belonging to the habitat of north European countries, was the basis leading to the assumption that anomalous climatic conditions could stimulate the growth of northern entolomas in the southernmost Mediterranean regions. The results of this study show that the presence of northernEntolomaspecies in Sicily is not influenced by the Mediterranean type of vegetation, by edaphic or altitudinal factors but by anomalous climatic trends of precipitations and temperatures which stimulate the fructification of basidiomata in correspondence with a thermal shock during autumn.
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Licciardello, Feliciana, Salvatore Barbagallo, Salvatore M. Muratore, Attilio Toscano, Emanuela R. Giuffrida, and Giuseppe L. Cirelli. "Hydro-Morphological Assessment of Dittaino River, Eastern Sicily, Italy." Water 13, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182499.
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The present conditions of the Dittaino River were investigated by using tools addressing different components of the IDRAIM (stream hydro-morphological evaluation, analysis, and monitoring system) procedure. After the segmentation of the river, the Morphological Quality Index (MQI) and the Morphological Dynamic Index (MDI) were assessed to analyze its morphological quality and to classify the degree of channel dynamics related to progressive changes occurring in the relative long-term (i.e., 50–100 years), respectively. The results show that 45% and 22% of the analyzed reaches (mainly located in highest zones of the hydrographic network) were, respectively, of high and good quality. The MQI class decreased to good and then to moderate in the downstream direction, and two reaches were of poor class. The highest MDI classes were also mainly identified in the highest zones of the hydrographic network. Some limitations (i.e., the elevated number of indicators, as well as their simplification) and strengths (i.e., the easy applicability to a large number of reaches) were identified during the application of the MQI method to the Dittaino River.
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Raffa, Carmela, Carmen Rizzo, Marc Strous, Emilio De Domenico, Marilena Sanfilippo, Luigi Michaud, and Angelina Lo Giudice. "Prokaryotic Dynamics in the Meromictic Coastal Lake Faro (Sicily, Italy)." Diversity 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11030037.
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Lake Faro, in the North-Eastern corner of Sicily (Italy), shows the typical stratification of a meromictic tempered basin, with a clear identification of the mixolimnion and the monimolimnion, separated by an interfacial chemocline. In this study, an annual-scaled study on the space-time distribution of the microbial communities in water samples of Lake Faro was performed by both ARISA (Amplified Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) and CARD-FISH (Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) approaches. A correlation between microbial parameters and both environmental variables (i.e., temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, salinity, chlorophyll-a) and mixing conditions was highlighted, with an evident seasonal variability. The most significative differences were detected by ARISA between the mixolimnion and the monimolimnion, and between Spring and Autumn, by considering layer and season as a factor, respectively.
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Enegren, Hedvig Landenius. "Loom weights in Archaic South Italy and Sicily: Fice case studies." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 8 (November 2015): 123–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-08-06.
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Textiles are perishables in the archaeological record unless specific environmental conditions are met. Fortunately, the textile tools used in their manufacture can provide a wealth of information and via experimental archaeology make visible to an extent what has been lost. The article presents and discusses the results obtained in a research project focused on textile tool technologies and identities in the context of settler and indigenous peoples, at select archaeological sites in South Italy and Sicily in the Archaic and Early Classical periods, with an emphasis on loom weights. Despite a common functional tool technology, the examined loom weights reveal an intriguing inter-site specificity, which, it is argued, is the result of hybrid expressions embedded in local traditions. Experimental archaeology testing is applied in the interpretation of the functional qualities of this common artefact.
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La Mantia, Tommaso, Sebastiano Cullotta, and Giuseppe Garfì. "Phenology and growth of Quercus ilex L. in different environmental conditions in Sicily (Italy)." Ecologia mediterranea 29, no. 1 (2003): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.2003.1525.
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Biondi, G., G. W. Lasker, Pamela Raspe, and C. G. N. Mascie-Taylor. "Inbreeding coefficients from the surnames of grandparents of the schoolchildren in Albanian-speaking Italian villages." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020307.
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SummaryData on grandparental surnames were obtained from children in 45 Italo-Albanesi villages in nine provinces of southern Italy and Sicily. Concordance of surnames (isonymy) and inbreeding by village were estimated for each province and on the total sample. Total mean isonymy is 0·0251. The weighted mean inbreeding coefficient, and its random and non-random components are 0·0063, 0·0024 and 0·0039, respectively. Isonymy values are similar to those of rural Italian villages except that Alpine and some Appennine villages appear to be more isolated and inbred.
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Pugliese, Michela, Rocky La Maestra, Annalisa Guercio, Giuseppa Purpari, Santina Di Bella, Stefano Vullo, and Pietro P. Niutta. "Hepatitis E Virus seroprevalence among cows in a rural area of southern Italy." Veterinarski arhiv 91, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0920.
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered to be an emerging zoonotic disease, which causes numerous cases of hepatitis and deaths worldwide each year. Pigs are a host reservoir of HEV, but numerous other wild and domestic species can be infected. The aim of this study was to carry out serological screening of anti-HEV antibodies in cattle in the Sicily region (Southern Italy). Between April and December 2018, 231 serum samples were collected from cows and analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for detection of HEV antibodies (IgG). The overall prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies was 36.36% (84/231; 95% CI 30-43). There were statistically significant differences in the HEV seroprevalence in animals of different ages (<11 months: 11.41%; >12 months: 39.30%; >24 months: 54.10%) (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected between genders (31.37% in male and 37.38% in female) (P >0.05). This study shows that further investigation of HEV in cattle is required to understand better the epidemiology in farm animals and the potential zoonotic risks for humans. This is the first report of HEV seroprevalence for cows in Italy, which provides baseline data for further studies and for control of HEV infection in cattle.
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Peyron, O., M. Magny, S. Goring, S. Joannin, J. L. de Beaulieu, E. Brugiapaglia, L. Sadori, et al. "Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data." Climate of the Past 9, no. 3 (June 14, 2013): 1233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013.
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Abstract. Lake-level records from Italy suggest that patterns of precipitation in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene were divided between the north and south, but a scarcity of reliable palaeoclimatic records in the north and central-southern Mediterranean means new evidence is needed to validate this hypothesis. We provide robust quantitative estimates of Holocene climate in the Mediterranean region using four high-resolution pollen records from northern (Lakes Ledro and Accesa) and southern (Lakes Trifoglietti and Pergusa) Italy. Multiple methods are used to provide an improved assessment of the palaeoclimatic reconstruction uncertainty. The multi-method approach uses the pollen-based weighted averaging, weighted-average partial least-squares regression, modern analogue technique, and the non-metric multidimensional scaling/generalized additive model methods. We use independent lake-level data to validate the precipitation reconstructions. Our results support a climatic partition between northern and southern Italy during the Holocene, confirming the hypothesis of opposing mid-Holocene summer precipitation regimes in the Mediterranean. The northern sites (Ledro, Accesa) are characterized by minima for summer precipitation and lake levels during the early to mid-Holocene, while the southern sites (Trifoglietti, Pergusa) are marked by maxima for precipitation and lake levels at the same time. Both pollen-inferred precipitation and lake levels indicate the opposite pattern during the late Holocene, a maximum in northern Italy and a minimum in southern Italy/Sicily. Summer temperatures show the same partitioning, with warm conditions in northern Italy and cool conditions in Sicily during the early/mid-Holocene, and a reversal during the late Holocene. Comparison with marine cores from the Aegean Sea suggests that climate trends and gradients observed in Italy show strong similarities with those recognized from the Aegean Sea, and more generally speaking in the eastern Mediterranean.
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Galluzzo, Paola, Sergio Migliore, Lucia Galuppo, Lucia Condorelli, Hany A. Hussein, Francesca Licitra, Miriana Coltraro, et al. "First Molecular Survey to Detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Poultry Farms in a Strategic Production District of Sicily (South-Italy)." Animals 12, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12080962.
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Mycoplasmas are recognized as avian pathogens, which may cause both respiratory disease and synovial infections in poultry, resulting in severe economic losses. Our study aims to determine the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) among commercial and rural laying hens located in Ragusa province (South Italy), using a duplex real time PCR. Four hundred tracheal swabs were collected from seven commercial (200 swabs) and 25 rural (200 swabs) farms without any clinical disease history. Out of 400 swabs collected, 50 (12.5%) and 93 (23.25%) were positive for MG and MS, respectively. In particular, 9 (18%) and 22 (23.65%) positive swabs for MG and MS, respectively, originated from commercial farms, compared to 41 (82%) and 71 (76.34%) obtained from rural farms. Data obtained show a lower prevalence of MG than MS in the studied farms. Moreover, both pathogens were spread in rural and commercial farms. PCR could be concluded as a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of MG and MS in areas where commercial farms that are declared Mycoplasma-free and rural flocks coexist. These data highlight the importance of surveillance also in rural poultry to monitoring the occurrence of mycoplasmas strains in strategic productive districts.
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Peyron, O., M. Magny, S. Goring, S. Joannin, J. L. de Beaulieu, E. Brugiapaglia, L. Sadori, et al. "Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene in the Central Mediterranean (Italy) reconstructed from pollen data." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 29, 2012): 5817–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-5817-2012.
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Abstract. Lake-level records from Italy suggest a north–south climatic partition in the Central Mediterranean during the Holocene with respect to precipitation, but the scarcity of reliable palaeoclimatic records in the North and Central-Southern Mediterranean means new evidence is needed to validate this hypothesis. Here, we provide robust quantitative estimates of Holocene climate in the Mediterranean region based on four high-resolution pollen records from Northern (Lakes Ledro and Accesa) and Southern (Lakes Trifoglietti and Pergusa) Italy. Multiple methods are used to provide an improved assessment of the paleoclimatic reconstruction uncertainty. The multi-method approach uses the pollen-based Weighted Averaging, Weighted-Average-Partial-Least-Squares regression, Modern Analogues Technique, and the Non-Metric-Multidimensional Scaling/Generalized-Additive-Model methods. The precipitation seasonality reconstructions are validated by independent lake-level data, obtained from the same records. A climatic partition between the north and the south during the Holocene confirms the hypothesis of opposing mid-Holocene summer precipitation regimes in the Mediterranean. During the early-to-mid-Holocene the northern sites (Ledro, Accesa) are characterized by minima for summer precipitation and lake-levels while the southern sites (Trifoglietti, Pergusa) are marked by maxima for precipitation and lake-levels. During the late Holocene, both pollen-inferred precipitation and lake-levels indicate the opposite pattern, a maximum in North Italy and a minimum in Southern Italy/Sicily. Summer temperatures also show partitioning, with warm conditions in Northern Italy and cool conditions in Sicily during the early/mid-Holocene, and a reversal during the Late-Holocene. Comparison with marine cores from the Aegean Sea suggests that climate trends and gradients observed in Italy shows strong similarities with those recognized from the Aegean Sea, and more generally speaking in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Sciandrello, Saverio, and Sonia D’agostino. "Distribution Patterns and Floristic Analysis of the Colymbada Tauromenitana (Guss.) Holub Populations in Sicily (Italy)." Acta Botanica Croatica 73, no. 2 (October 28, 2014): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2014-0006.
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AbstractColymbada tauromenitana(Guss.) Holub (Asteraceae) is a rare paleoendem-ic, chasmophyte species, occurring on calcareous cliffs in the eastern part of Sicily (Italy). The aim of this work is to analyze the structure and floristic composition of theC. tauromenitanacommunity, in order to characterize the diversity of populations in relation to different ecological data. In all, 61 plots were examined. For each plot, the floristic composition and the cover of the species were determined using the standard relevé method. Three vegetation types emerged from canonical components analysis (CCA), correlated to a gradient of environmental conditions ranging from the coast to inland areas. The first group withLomelosia creticaandDianthus rupicolasubsp.rupicolawas correlated to thermo-xerophilous conditions (lower thermo-Mediterranean belt), the second group withSilene fruticosaandColymbada tauromenitanawas linked to thermophilous conditions (upper thermo-Mediterranean belt) and the third withDianthus siculusandOdontites boc-coneiwas correlated to mesophilous conditions (meso-Mediterranean belt). Altitude is the main factor influencing both species richness and floristic composition. The density ofC. tauromenitanais influenced mainly by rainfall. Finally, we propose a new risk status for this rare species.
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Ingrassia, Marzia, Luca Altamore, Claudio Bellia, Giuseppe Lo Grasso, Paula Silva, Simona Bacarella, Pietro Columba, and Stefania Chironi. "Visitor’s Motivational Framework and Wine Routes’ Contribution to Sustainable Agriculture and Tourism." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 12082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912082.
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Wine Routes develop inside the larger context of wine tourism (WT), which is increasingly important for rural communities. Italy is one of the most important countries in the world for wine production and tourism. Sicily is one of the leading regions in Italy for wine production and wine tourists. This study focuses on the Sicilian wine routes (SWRs) and gives an excursus of their development during the last ten years, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, the study wants to make an attempt to bridge the existing gap in the literature and highlight the nature and extent of the contribution of the SWR to the development of the WT ‘product’ from the perspective of the increasingly booming sustainable–rural tourism. Face-to-face interviews were conducted along the SWRs with 283 wine tourists, 65 wine enterprises, and eight expert stakeholders. The motivations for tourists to visit the first time and their intention to return were investigated by the explorative factor analysis. Moreover, the wine tourist profile was highlighted. Findings outline some specific features of the general experience economy model where visitors’ emotional involvement and local cooperation appear crucial for the integrated territorial development of the backward rural areas of wine regions in different parts of the world. Managerial implications of findings are discussed.
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Panno, Stefano, Andrea Giovanni Caruso, Stefano Barone, Giosuè Lo Bosco, Ezequiel A. Rangel, and Salvatore Davino. "Spread of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Sicily and Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dispersion in Experimental Conditions." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060834.
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Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops. The first ToBRFV outbreak in Italy occurred in 2018 in several Sicilian provinces, representing a serious threat for tomato production. In the present work, the spatiotemporal displacement of ToBRFV in Sicily was evaluated, analyzing a total of 590 lots of tomato seed, 982 lots of plantlets from nurseries and 100 commercial greenhouses. Furthermore, we investigated the ToBRFV spreading dynamic in a greenhouse under experimental conditions. Results showed several aspects related to ToBRFV dispersion in protected tomato crops. In detail, an important decrease of the ToBRFV-infected seed and plantlet lots was detected. Regarding the examined commercial greenhouses, ToBRFV still appears to be present in Sicily, although there has been a decrease during monitoring. In experimental conditions, it was demonstrated that the presence of few infected plants are sufficient to damage the entire crop in a short time, reaching almost 100% of infection.
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Calvagna, Simona, Antonio Gagliano, Sebastiano Greco, Gianluca Rodonò, and Vincenzo Sapienza. "Innovative Multidisciplinary Methodology for the Analysis of Traditional Marginal Architecture." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041285.
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In rural and marginal landscapes, the architectural heritage carries an inestimable value. It distinguishes these places from the standardization of contemporary society and it makes them authentic and rooted in the territory. Investigating the real potential of building heritage and understanding what actions should be taken to raise it to the needs of contemporary society is one way to preserve this authenticity. The article presents an innovative multidisciplinary tool, based on GIS methodology, for rapid evaluation of the features of traditional rural architecture. With it, it is possible to carry out a complex analysis, by considering architectural, energy and structural items. It can also guide the design activities in order to optimize the revitalization actions, emphasizing the holistic approach. The potentiality of this procedure will be shown for a test site, namely, the Isle of Filicudi (Aeolian Islands, Sicily, Italy).
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Settineri, Salvatore, Massimo Mucciardi, Valentina Leonardi, Stefan Schlesinger, Mara Gioffrè Florio, Fausto Famà, Maria Anna Muscatello, and Carmela Mento. "Metereological conditions and psychiatric emergency visits in Messina, Italy." International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2103.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between psychiatric disease, climatic and seasonal factors in patients recorded to the Emergency Unit, in Messina Hospital (Italy). Method: A total of 6565 psychiatric patients were recorded to the Emergency Unit in Messina from January 2005 and December 2010. Each psychiatric visit in emergency, was categorized by date of appearance and admitting diagnosis according to diagnostic categories: Anxiety, Mood Disorders and Psychosis. Local weather data were obtained from the Metereological Instituted “Aereonautica Militare” station in Messina, Sicily, In addition, to gathering data on the state of the sky, temperature, atmosphericpressure with the normalized value at sea level, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction and speed, the station is connected to a buoy located on the eastern sector of Tyrrhenian Sea. Results: In anxiety disorders we have found relevant results comparison between winter and spring (p=.007) and spring and fall (p=.001). In affective disorders the differences occur in relation to winter and fall (p=.002), spring and fall (p=001), spring and summer (p=002). The psychotic disorder presents significant differences between summer and fall (p=.001) and spring and fall (p=.002). Conclusions: We can observe a similarity of affective disorders, i.e. anxiety and mood disorders compared to psychosis, which have different influences and probably according to dissimilar etiopathogenetic ways. In our research, the distribution of anxiety disorders is higher than depressive disorders in terms of delivering emergency room visits. The major differences occur comparing spring and fall, the seasons when all pathological classes have significant differences. It follows that the most abrupt climate change, typical of these seasons, as a whole, cause psychopathological emergencies. The study is important for planning a more effective assistance for patients needing psychiatric support.
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Naccari, Clara, Andrea Macaluso, Giuseppe Giangrosso, Francesco Naccari, and Vincenzo Ferrantelli. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Honey From Sicily (Italy)." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n2p107.
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<p>Honey, obtained by the honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) from nectar plants, with different composition according to floral sources, regional and climatic conditions, is widely consumed for its nutritional value and various properties. It could be considered a bio-indicator of environmental pollution to assess the presence of metals, naturally present in soil, and pesticides, widely used in agricultural practices. Actually no specific legislation on honey’s metals and pesticides content exists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and insecticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethrins and pyrethroids) in carob, chestnut and eucalyptus honey samples from Sicily and carried out a risk assessment to dietary intake of these contaminants. The results obtained showed low residual levels of Pb (0.1709 ± 0.078 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Cd (0.0153 ± 0.004 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) while the concentrations of all pesticides analyzed were under the LOD (< 0.01 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). To explain the source of metals contamination in honey, the analytical investigation was conducted also in carob (<em>Ceratonia siliqua </em>L.), chestnut (<em>Castanea sativa</em>) and eucalyptus (<em>Eucalyptus globules </em>Labill.) powders, from which nectar honey is produced, confirming the presence of Pb and Cd concentrations with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in all three types. The risk assessment, evaluated through the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and confirmed also by EFSA Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), showed that metals daily intake through Sicilian honey consumption is not likely to cause deleterious effect for consumers.</p>
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Mauro, Daniela, Cristian Biagioni, and Federica Zaccarini. "New data on gersdorffite and associated minerals from the Peloritani Mountains (Sicily, Italy)." European Journal of Mineralogy 33, no. 6 (November 19, 2021): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-717-2021.
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Abstract. Gersdorffite, ideally NiAsS, and associated minerals from Contrada Zillì (Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy) have been characterized through electron microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction. Primary minerals, hosted in quartz veins, are represented by gersdorffite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), and chalcopyrite with minor pyrite and galena. Rare aikinite inclusions were observed in tetrahedrite-(Fe) and chalcopyrite. Gersdorffite occurs as euhedral to subhedral crystals, up to 1 mm in size, with (Sb,Bi)-enriched cores and (Fe,As)-enriched rims. Its chemical composition is (Ni0.79−0.95Fe0.18−0.04Co0.04−0.01)(As0.90−1.03Sb0.10−0.00Bi0.02−0.00)S0.98−0.92. It crystallizes in the space group P213, with unit-cell parameters a=5.6968(7) Å, V=184.88(7) Å3, and Z=4, and its crystal structure was refined down to R1= 0.035. Associated tetrahedrite-(Fe) has chemical formula (Cu5.79Ag0.07)Σ5.86(Cu3.96Fe1.59Zn0.45)Σ6.00(Sb3.95As0.17Bi0.03)Σ4.15S13.06, with unit-cell parameters a= 10.3815(10) Å, V=1118.9(3) Å3, and space group I-43m. Its crystal structure was refined to R1=0.027. Textural and crystallographic data suggest a polyphasic crystallization of gersdorffite under low-temperature conditions.
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Grosso, Giuseppe, Stefano Marventano, Francesca Nolfo, Stefania Rametta, Lorenzo Bandini, Roberta Ferranti, Maria Concetta Bonomo, Margherita Matalone, Fabio Galvano, and Antonio Mistretta. "Personal Eating, Lifestyle, and Family-Related Behaviors Correlate with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Adolescents Living in Sicily, Southern Italy." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 83, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000177.
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Lifestyle habits and parental modeling have been reported to influence adolescents food choices, such as for fruit and vegetable consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association be-tween personal eating (i. e. breakfast and snacking behavior), lifestyle (sedentary and physical activity), and family-related (i. e. consuming meals with parents, family rules, and television use) habits and fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents living in Sicily, southern Italy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 14 schools in urban and rural areas, including 1,135 adolescents (12 - 14 years old). Validated instruments were used to assess possible relationships between the study variables and daily fruit and vegetable consumption. Higher parental education, occupation, and rural environment were positively associated with adolescents daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Both types of food consumption were negatively associated with an increased frequency of between-meal and out-of-home eating, and positively with having meals with parents and higher parental influence in adolescents food choices. Television viewing habits were not related with adolescents vegetable consumption, whereas having a television in their room and commercial advertisings were negatively associated with daily intake of fruits. Although socioeconomic and cultural status may influence fruit and vegetable consumption, personal eating and family-related behaviors may be targeted for implementing recommendations.
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Versaci, A., A. Lo Cascio, L. R. Fauzìa, and A. Cardaci. "STUDIES FOR THE CONSERVATION AND VALORISATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ROCK HERITAGE OF CALASCIBETTA IN SICILY, ITALY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-311-2020.
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Abstract. The rock settlement of Vallone Canalotto, which stands in the valleys surrounding the town of Calascibetta – about three kilometres north from Enna, Sicily, Italy – testify to a widespread population of the area from prehistoric times up to the Middle Ages, probably linked to the agricultural and pastoral exploitation of its fertile land. This valuable heritage, dug into very soft limestone banks, is now threatened by significant erosion and disruption phenomena, which, in the absence of adequate safeguarding and maintenance actions, will lead to a progressive loss of material and the consequent collapse of some portions, making the documentable traces more and more paltry. The archaeological complex demonstrates the continuity of the funerary use from the remotest ages to the early Christian era, as testified by the excavation of rupestrian columbaria. In the early medieval period, small rural communities used the hypogeal structures for residential and religious purposes. In the present work, integrated procedures have been put in place for the 3D documentation of these artefacts, whose effectiveness has already been tested by the same team in other Sicilian rock sites. The research aims at the knowledge and cataloguing of places, which are important for the Island’s history but to date only marginally explored. It intends to stimulate and plan adequate conservation and enhancement activities. To improve the attendance of the sites, design proposals have been developed to guarantee greater accessibility to the archaeological areas and their understanding by visitors.
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Claudio, Bellia, Scavone Valeria, and Ingrassia Marzia. "Food and Religion in Sicily—A New Green Tourist Destination by an Ancient Route from the Past." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 6686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126686.
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The Francigena Way (Via Francigena) is a long international itinerary that was awarded recognition as a Culture Route of the Council of Europe. It starts in Canterbury (UK), touches 13 European regions and ends in Rome. An ancient track of this route is in Sicily (Southern Italy), and its name is Magna Via Francigena (Great Francigena Way). This track is a pilgrimage route that connects two ancient port cities, Palermo and Agrigento, passing through internal rural territories that now deal with the exodus of population from rural to urban areas. The route passes through the Sicilian territory named “Upper-Belìce corleonese”, a rural area around the city of Corleone (a little village known worldwide for the sad Mafia events) that includes a number of municipalities. In the past, this religious pilgrimage was a fundamental part of the expression of faith for Christians and now still represents for Sicilians a strong symbol of Christian identity. In recent decades, pilgrimage tourism around the world has grown significantly each year. The aim of the study is to know the pilgrims’ motivations for choosing the Magna Via Francigena pilgrimage as a vacation and any possible similarities between pilgrimage tourism and food and wine tourism, in the wider context of sustainable and slow tourism. The Policy Delphi method was applied to collect the opinions of the stakeholders involved. The study highlighted the strong link between religious motivations and local enogastronomy, culture, art and nature. Results will support policy-making in the development of integrated territorial tourist marketing strategies.
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Du, Yixing, Tetsuji Onoue, Viktor Karádi, Ian S. Williams, and Manuel Rigo. "Evolutionary Process from Mockina bidentata to Parvigondolella andrusovi: Evidence from the Pizzo Mondello Section, Sicily, Italy." Journal of Earth Science 32, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1362-2.
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AbstractDuring their last phase of evolution, the pectiniform conodont elements manifested an evident trend of simplification and miniaturization. This phase started from the late Norian (Sevatian) in the Late Triassic and the evolutionary process of genus Mockina to Parvigondolella, in particular between Mockina bidentata and Parvigondolella andrusovi, is one of the most significant examples. Parvigondolella has been reported worldwide since it was first described in the early 1970s. However, it has recently been suggested that genus Parvigondolella is an ecostratigraphic morphotype of genus Mockina, and thus a phenotype controlled by the environmental conditions, and not an independent taxon. In the Pizzo Mondello Section (Sicily, Italy), transitional forms between M. bidentata and P. andrusovi have been found at different evolutionary stages. We have investigated the oceanic conditions at the time by using redox-sensitive elements (Mn, Fe, V, Cr, and Ni) and seawater temperatures from biogenetic δ18Ophos to understand the possible environmental influences on the phylogenetic evolution between Mockina and Parvigondolella. The geochemical and isotope analyses indicate that the redox condition and temperature were stable during the evolution of genus Parvigondolella in Pizzo Mondello, confirming that genus Parvigondolella is a real taxon and not a phenotype. A new conodont species named Parvigondolella ciarapicae n. sp. is described here for the first time.
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Copat, Chiara, Margherita Ferrante, Béatrice V. Hernout, Flavia Giunta, Alfina Grasso, Andrea Messina, Rosario Grasso, and Maria Teresa Spena. "Trace Element Bioaccumulation in Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus, Linnaeus, 1758): A Case Study from Sicily (Italy)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 4597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134597.
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The study aimed to highlight the degree of trace element contamination along three sites of Sicily: the Magnisi peninsula (MP), located in proximity to the Augusta–Priolo–Melilli petrochemical plant; the Ragusa agro-ecosystem (RA), characterized by a rural landscape; and the Gela plain (GP), characterized by intensive agriculture and a disused petrochemical plant. We collected biological samples (abraded back feathers and blood) of the Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus Linnaeus, 1758) as well as soil samples to determine the trace elements concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Se and V using ICP-MS analysis. The results found for the three sites show different trends of accumulation, which depend on the different management and geological characteristics of the areas. The Gela plain and Magnisi peninsula showed a higher degree of contamination (As, Co, Cu, Mn and Se for the Gela plain; Pb and Hg for the Magnisi peninsula). Nevertheless, no critical values were found for either the environment—if the results are compared with the legal limits fixed by the Legislative Decree No. 152/2006, approving the Code on the Environment—or for living organisms—if the results are compared with the toxicological thresholds for birds, especially if the short-term exposure results from the blood values are considered. Only the Se levels in animal blood from the RA and GP were found slightly higher than the minimum level required in bird diets. The positive scenario can be attributed on the one hand to the interruptions of emissions of the Gela refinery around 5 years ago, and on the other hand to the more intense and strict controls that are implemented in the area surrounding the petrochemical pole of Augusta–Priolo–Melilli.
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Cipolla, Giuseppe, Salvatore Calabrese, Amilcare Porporato, and Leonardo V. Noto. "Effects of precipitation seasonality, irrigation, vegetation cycle and soil type on enhanced weathering – modeling of cropland case studies across four sites." Biogeosciences 19, no. 16 (August 26, 2022): 3877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022.
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Abstract. Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration, but several open questions remain regarding the actual rates of dissolution in conditions of natural hydroclimatic variability in comparison to laboratory experiments. In this context, models play a pivotal role, as they allow exploring and predicting EW dynamics under different environmental conditions. Here a comprehensive hydro-biogeochemical model has been applied to four cropland case studies (i.e., Sicily and the Padan plain in Italy and California and Iowa in the USA) characterized by different rainfall seasonality, vegetation (i.e., wheat for Sicily and California and corn for the Padan plain and Iowa), and soil type to explore their influence on dissolution rates. The results reveal that rainfall seasonality and irrigation when applied are crucial in determining EW and carbon sequestration dynamics, given their effect on hydrological fluxes, soil pH and weathering rate. The carbon sequestration rate was found to be strongly affected also by the background weathering flux, which is one of the main factors controlling soil pH before the olivine amendment. Regarding the US case studies, Iowa sequesters the greatest amount of CO2 if compared to California (4.20 and 2.21 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively), and the same happens for Sicily with respect to the Padan plain (0.62 and 0.39 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively). These low carbon sequestration values suggest that an in-depth analysis at the global scale is required to assess EW efficacy for carbon sequestration.
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Polizzi, G. "Severe Outbreak of Leaf Spot and Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Majesty Palm in Southern Italy." Plant Disease 86, no. 7 (July 2002): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.815b.
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Sicily is the most important region of Italy for ornamental palm cultivation. Majesty palm (Ravenea rivularis Jum. & H. Perrier) is one of the most stately palms for cultivation in the tropics and subtropics, and has been recently cultivated in containers for indoor and outdoor use in eastern Sicily. R. rivularis, which grows on river banks, is native to Madagascar, and appears to behave as a rheophyte in the seedling stage. This palm is not frost tolerant and will grow in full sun but tends to grow best in partly shaded areas or under greenhouses conditions. Between December and March in 1999, 2000, and 2001, a severe leaf spot and blight was observed on young (6-month- to 3-year-old) plants of majesty palm growing in plastic-covered houses and in open fields in nurseries in Sicily. Affected plants had brown necrotic spots and gray mold on the necrotic leaf tissues. No symptoms were detected in mature (4- to 5-year-old) plants grown in the same nurseries. To isolate the casual agent of the disease, 160 small pieces of tissue cut from leaf spots collected in four nurseries were surface sterilized (20 s in HgCl2 at 1 g/liter), washed with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). In addition, conidia and conidiophores were scraped from the leaf surface, suspended in sterile water, and streaked on the agar surface. After 2 days, single hyphal tips were transferred to PDA. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. was consistently isolated from affected leaf tissues. Colonies of B. cinerea on PDA were at first colorless and became gray to brown with the development of conidia, which ranged from 5.5 to 10 × 7 to 12 μm (average 7.5 × 9). Sclerotia were black, irregular in size and shape, and from 1.4 to 4.5 × 1.5 to 2.7 mm. Inoculating 8-month-old seedlings of R. rivularis tested pathogenicity of six isolates obtained from different nurseries. Wounded (with a needle) and nonwounded leaves of 10 plants (9 wounds per plant) were sprayed with 20 ml of a conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) of each isolate. An equal number of noninoculated plants were used as controls. All plants where incubated in a greenhouse at ambient temperature (21 ± 2°C) and 72 h of continuous leaf wetness. Five days after inoculation, leaf spots appeared on most of the wounded (approximately 80%) and the nonwounded (about 10%) leaves. No symptoms were observed on control plants. Koch's postulates were satisfied by reisolation of the fungus on PDA. On the basis of 3 years of observations in eastern Sicily, majesty palms were more readily infected by B. cinerea after rainfall, and freezing temperatures injured young plants. Leaf blight caused by B. cinerea was previously reported in Liguria (northern Italy) on Phoenix canariensis (1). The fungus does not appear to be a major disease problem in cultivated ornamental palms other than R. rivularis in Sicily or southern Italy. However, B. cinerea could be a limiting factor in the cultivation of majesty palm in eastern Sicily, and protective fungicides, especially in winter, are necessary for limiting losses. To my knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea leaf spot and blight on R. rivularis. Reference: (1) A. Garibaldi et al. Malattie delle piante ornamentali. Calderini Edagricole, Bologna, 2000.
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Aronica, G. T., and B. Bonaccorso. "Climate Change Effects on Hydropower Potential in the Alcantara River Basin in Sicily (Italy)." Earth Interactions 17, no. 19 (September 1, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei000508.1.
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Abstract In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to hydropower generation, since it is a renewable, efficient, and reliable source of energy, as well as an effective tool to reduce the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities. At the same time, however, hydropower is among the most vulnerable industries to global warming, because water resources are closely linked to climate changes. Indeed, the effects of climate change on water availability are expected to affect hydropower generation with special reference to southern countries, which are supposed to face dryer conditions in the next decades. The aim of this paper is to qualitatively assess the impact of future climate change on the hydrological regime of the Alcantara River basin, eastern Sicily (Italy), based on Monte Carlo simulations. Synthetic series of daily rainfall and temperature are generated, based on observed data, through a first-order Markov chain and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, respectively, for the current scenario and two future scenarios at 2025. In particular, relative changes in the monthly mean and standard deviation values of daily rainfall and temperature at 2025, predicted by the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) for A2 and B2 greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, are adopted to generate future values of precipitation and temperature. Synthetic series for the two climatic scenarios are then introduced as input into the Identification of Unit Hydrographs and Component Flows from Rainfall, Evapotranspiration and Streamflow Data (IHACRES) model to simulate the hydrological response of the basin. The effects of climate change are investigated by analyzing potential modification of the resulting flow duration curves and utilization curves, which allow a site's energy potential for the design of run-of-river hydropower plants to be estimated.
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Fazio, Eugenio, Patrizia Fiannacca, Damiano Russo, and Rosolino Cirrincione. "Submagmatic to Solid-State Deformation Microstructures Recorded in Cooling Granitoids during Exhumation of Late-Variscan Crust in North-Eastern Sicily." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080311.
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Late-Variscan granitoid rocks of trondhjemitic and granitic composition, intruded in migmatitic paragneisses in the north-eastern Peloritani Mountains (southern Italy) at ~310 Ma and ~300 Ma, respectively, exhibit a range of deformation microstructures developed under a shear regime at decreasing temperatures. Non-coaxial deformation is documented by sigmoidal feldspar porphyroclasts, mica fish, and asymmetric boudins affecting tiny andalusite crystals. Late-Variscan shearing during granitoid cooling is constrained by largely represented chessboard patterns in quartz and, especially, submagmatic fractures in plagioclase, indicating deformation at high-temperature conditions (T > 650 °C), in the presence of melt. Submagmatic deformation was extensively superseded by deformation at lower temperatures. Examples of solid state-high temperature deformation-related microstructures (T > 450 °C) include feldspar bulging, quartz grain boundary migration, and subgrain rotation recrystallization. Finally, low temperature subsolidus microstructures (T < 450 °C) consist of quartz bulging, mica kinks, and feldspar twinning and bending. A complete sequence of deformation, operating from submagmatic to low-temperature subsolidus conditions is recorded in both the older and younger granitoids, suggesting a duration of ~20 Ma for shear zone activity during post-collisional exhumation of the Variscan middle crust in southernmost Italy.
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Seppilli, Tullio. "SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF FERTILITY IN A RURAL COMMUNITY IN TRANSITION IN CENTRAL ITALY*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 84, no. 17 (December 15, 2006): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb39128.x.
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Matarazzo, Agata, Zerbo Antonio, and Arfo Sergio. "Environmental Sustainability Indicators Applied to Tourism Sector in Sicily." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 4 (April 2022): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1466.
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Tourism represents one of the leading sectors worldwide and for this reason; its importance extends to a variety of studies and researches aimed to a better and more sustainable development. Tourism is an important added value to the economy of a city, of a region and therefore of a whole country. As a result, the development of this sector can be instrumental in improving the existing conditions in one place. But, it is not just an economic factor, but much more. It is not by chance that it is studied under different points of view such as economic, social, geographical and psychological. Tourism is an important source of revenue for the economy of a country because it brings money to the State which use it as a source to improve services, buildings, facilities and tourism destinations. In Italy, the tourism sector has a primary importance on the economy of the Country with an incidence on the Gross Domestic Product of 7% offering two million job positions. Every year facilities host more than 80 million people with about 350 million overnight stays. The aim of this study is to analyze environmental impact caused by tourism, thanks to the use of indicators, which varies regarding the tourism destination they are linked with. In particular, some environmental indicators on the city of Catania, in east of Sicily, are analyzed and their interaction could give a wide panorama of Sustainability in Catania and to identify all the advantages on sustainable tourism tools in Sicily.
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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, Luigi Marletta, and Fabiana Pistone Nascone. "Application of Climate Based Daylight Modelling to the Refurbishment of a School Building in Sicily." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082653.
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This paper aims at promoting the use of Climate Based Daylight Modelling (CBDM) and related state-of-the-art metrics by discussing a range of design options to improve daylight fruition in rooms with different orientation, shape, function, and furniture of an elementary school that is located in the Mediterranean climate of Agira (Italy). The local climatic conditions, with clear skies for most of the year, require the integration of different shading and re-directing systems with the existing envelope and rooms’ layout. Results show that the dynamic modelling is a powerful and ‘creative’ tool in the designer’s hands, which helps to inform about the choice of the most appropriate technological solutions and on their architectural integration. Comparison with mostly used static daylight metrics, such as the average Daylight Factor (aDF) and the Uniformity Ratio (UR), reveals a contrast with what would be suggested if considering these metrics alone, as prescribed by the Italian legislation. These outcomes rebate the need of performing more accurate and dynamic daylight simulations using recorded (i.e., varying) rather than fixed sky conditions to correctly inform the design process.
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LICCIARDELLO, Grazia, Juan MORAL, Maria Concetta STRANO, Paola CARUSO, Marika SCIARA, Patrizia BELLA, Guido SORRENTINO, and Silvia DI SILVESTRO. "Characterization of Colletotrichum strains associated with olive anthracnose in Sicily." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 61, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13181.
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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the most damaging olive fruit disease in many countries, including Italy. This disease has been sporadically detected in Sicily, but new agronomic practices can increase risk of olive anthracnose in this region. An etiological study of the disease focused on local olive cultivars growing at the International Olive Germplasm Collection (IOGC) in Villa Zagaria, Enna, Sicily has been undertaken. During 2018 and 2019, 137 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from olives. Colony morphology, conidium characteristics, and multilocus sequence analyses aided identification of three species: C. acutatum (affecting 70% of symptomatic olives), C. gloeosporioides, and C. cigarro. Three C. acutatum strains (B13-16, P77, and P185), and one strain of each C. gloeosporioides (C2.1) and C. cigarro (Perg6B) were evaluated for pathogenicity on olive fruits from 11 Sicilian cultivars, known for their high-quality oil. Differences in virulence were detected among strains and their pathogenicity to the cultivars. The C. acutatum isolates were more virulent than those of C. gloeosporioides or C. cigarro. The Sicilian olive cultivars Cavaliera, Carolea, Calatina, and Nocellara del Belice were the most susceptible to the pathogen, while the cultivars Biancolilla and Nocellara Etnea were the most tolerant. Cultivar response under field conditions showed that anthracnose severity and fruit-rot incidence were positively correlated. This is the first report of C. acutatum and C. cigarro affecting olive trees in Sicily. Control measures for anthracnose depend on accurate characterization of the etiological agents and host cultivar resistance.
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Gusella, Giorgio, Alberto Fiorenza, Dalia Aiello, and Giancarlo Polizzi. "Unusual Stylar-End Breakdown and Sour Rot on Key Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) in Pre-Harvest Condition in Italy." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2021): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050989.
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Key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) is an emerging crop in Italy, especially in the Southern regions, where the environmental conditions are suitable for its cultivation. A field survey in Sicily in a commercial orchard of Key lime revealed the widespread presence of water-soaked spots and sunken/dry lesions at the stylar-end, mainly in pre-harvest condition. Water-soaked spots were attributed to Geotrichum citri-aurantii, an agent of sour rot on Citrus spp., whereas the sunken/dry lesion was attributed to the physiological disorder known as stylar-end breakdown. Sour rot and stylar-end breakdown are usually considered post-harvest diseases and rarely found in the field on fruit still attached to the tree. Although Geotrichum citri-aurantii is not responsible for the stylar-end breakdown, its association with this alteration reveals the importance of the environmental conditions and the agronomic practices in diseases/disorders development. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Geotrichum citri-aurantii on Key lime in Europe.
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Aiello, D., G. Parlavecchio, A. Vitale, and G. Polizzi. "First Report of Stem Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Jasminum officinalis in Italy." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1708b.
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Common jasmine (Jasminum officinalis L.) is an evergreen shrub that is native to the Middle and Far East. It is widely grown in Europe as an ornamental plant and in southeastern France for fragrance for the perfume industry. In March of 2008, a previously undescribed disease was observed on potted (6-month- to 3-year-old) common jasmine plants growing in open fields in a nursery of eastern Sicily, Italy. More than 20% of the plants showed disease symptoms. Diseased plants had small to large, brown or black lesions on stem. The lesions expanded rapidly, girdled the stem and caused blight of entire branches, and occasionally killed the plant. Abundant conidia and mycelia were detected on the surface of dead and dying stems under cool and humid conditions, which resulted in a moldy gray appearance. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. (1) was consistently isolated from affected tissues disinfected for 1 min in 1% NaOCl, rinsed in sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies were at first white then became gray after 6 to 7 days when spores differentiated. White sclerotia developed after 8 to 9 days and turned black with age. Size of the conidia produced on 1-month-old culture ranged from 5.0 to 9.5 × 6.5 to 12.5 μm on the basis of 50 spore measurements. Sclerotia were spherical or irregular and ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 × 0.9 to 2.9 mm (average 1.7 × 1.8 mm). Stems of eight 6-month-old common jasmine plants were lightly wounded with a sterile razor and inoculated with 3-mm-diameter plugs of PDA from 10-day-old mycelial cultures, eight similar plants were inoculated with mycelium without wounding, and an equal number of noninoculated plants inoculated with only PDA plugs served as control. After inoculation, plants were enclosed in transparent plastic bags at 20 ± 2°C for 5 days. Stem lesions identical to the ones observed in the nursery were detected on all wounded and on two nonwounded fungus-inoculated plants within 5 to 7 days. Control plants remained healthy. B. cinerea was reisolated from typical lesions. The unusually cool and humid weather conditions recorded in Sicily are supposed to be highly conducive of disease outbreak. Although B. cinerea does not usually kill the plants, under these environmental conditions this disease can cause significant economic loss to ornamental nurseries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing stem blight on J. officinalis. Reference: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971.
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Liuzzo, M., D. Caraccio, E. Di Maggio, and G. Luca. "INTEGRATED SURVEY AND SMART NAVIGATION OF COMPLEX TERRITORIAL MODELS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (February 25, 2022): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-323-2022.
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Abstract. The study examines the numerous medieval fortified sites that are in ruins throughout the Sicilian territory. Their landscape and historical value is significant, but they are unfortunately abandoned, not in stable conditions and often no metrically reliable graphic representation exists.The methodology we chose required a combined 3D survey campaign and data processing aimed at obtaining 2D and 3D drawings, as well as a virtual reality application to provide knowledge and virtual fruition of the sites.The entire experimental procedure was optimised to provide multi-scalar readings of the sites under investigation, that include their details, the location, territory, and landscape.The article presents the results of a case study carried out on the Maletto Castle in Sicily (Italy).
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Bonfiglio, Laura, Antonietta Rosso, Victoria Herridge, Gianni Insacco, Agatino Reitano, Gianmarco Minniti, Gabriella Mangano, and Rossana Sanfilippo. "Pleistocene Caves of Eastern Sicily Coast: Exceptional Archives to Reconstruct the History of the Island’s Biota." Geosciences 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12070258.
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The distinctive features and fossil content of some caves from eastern Sicily (San Teodoro, Donnavilla, Fulco, Taormina, Tremilia, Spinagallo), altogether spanning from the middle Pleistocene until the beginning of the Holocene, are discussed. Although dating on vertebrate and/or invertebrate remains is available in few instances, coastal notches and marine terraces correlate with the caves, provide further chronological constraint. The San Teodoro and Spinagallo caves are the best known, whereas the Tremilia cave deserves to be better analysed. Most caves, but not the San Teodoro one (including only terrestrial faunas), testify to the transition from submarine coastal environments (documented by biogenic crusts, borings, shelly sediments), to continental conditions (vertebrate remains of the Paleoloxodon falconeri, Maccagnone and San Teodoro Faunistic Complexes). The fossil register preserved in these cavities represents a source of information useful to (1) reconstruct the palaeogeography of Sicily and its coastline, largely resulting from the interplay between tectonic and sea-level changes linked to climate fluctuations; and (2) the consequent evolution of the terrestrial biota, including the dominance of insular endemic taxa later replaced by species shared with continental Italy, after the establishment of temporary connection through the Messina Strait.
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Ferrante, Margherita, Gea Oliveri Conti, Giuseppe Lucio Blandini, Giuseppe Cacia, Carlo Distefano, Giulia Distefano, Valerio Mantione, et al. "Microclimatic and Environmental Surveillance of Operating Theaters: Trend and Future Perspectives." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101273.
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The health risk level in operating rooms is correlated to the safety levels of microclimatic parameters, thermal indices, anesthetic gases and microbiological parameters. The objective of this study was to estimate the staff and medical service management compliance with the suggestions resulting from monitoring. Methods: The environmental conditions of 38 different operating rooms in the Sicily region, Italy, from January 2011 to December 2020 were monitored. The results were compared with specific standards suggested by national and international laws and guidelines. Results: Almost all microclimatic and microbiological parameters were outside the limits. The monitoring of the anesthetic gases showed that 5.6% of sevoflurane measurements exceeded the limit values. Conclusions: Constant environmental monitoring is an essential element for maintaining optimal living conditions in the working environment. The compliance of staff with guidelines and rules is a fundamental parameter for achieving this objective.
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Zolin, M. Bruna, Paola Ferretti, and Mirco Grandi. "Sustainability in Peripheral and Ultra-Peripheral Rural Areas through a Multi-Attribute Analysis: The Case of the Italian Insular Region." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229380.
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Italy has adopted the strategy of inner areas, mainly based on physical distance from public services. The strategy promotes a multi-level and multi-fund governance approach and the local partnership of mayors. Our paper focuses on rural areas, identified by the national strategy of inner areas, as peripheral and ultra-peripheral, in the Italian insular region (Sicily and Sardinia). It analyzes, at the municipality level, socio-demographic, economic, and environmental sustainability using appropriate indicators. Aiming at discovering the underlying relationship portrayed by multi-attribute data in an information system, we applied rough set theory. The inductive decision rules obtained through this data mining methodology reveal the simultaneous presence or absence of important characteristics aiming at reaching different levels of sustainability. Without the requirement of statistical assumptions regarding data distribution or structures for collecting data, such as functions or equations, this method ensures the description of patterns exhibited by data. Of particular interest is the assessment of conditional attributes (i.e., the selected indicators), and the information connecting them to sustainability, as a decision attribute. The most important result is rule generation, specifically, decision rules that are able to suggest tools for policy makers at different levels.
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Riguccio, Lara, Laura Carullo, Patrizia Russo, and Giovanna Tomaselli. "A landscape project for the coexistence of agriculture and nature: a proposal for the coastal area of a Natura 2000 site in Sicily (Italy)." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.518.
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Many rural coastal Mediterranean areas suffer from great anthropomorphic pressure. This is due to intensive agriculture, and construction for residential, tourism and industrial uses. The present work investigates the idea of using a landscape project in the Gulf of Gela in South Sicily to recover the dunes and the area behind them. The method used is based on the literature and will evaluate and interpret the dynamics of the landscape, so as to draw up a landscape plan, which can be used to help sustain the assets of the area, in a way, which is compatible with conserving nature. This method was tested in the <em>LIFE11-Leopoldia project</em>, funded by the European Union. The results of the study form part of the landscape project. This project is aimed at connecting the different productive zones in the area, protecting the natural environments and the rural historical patrimony, through combining the modern road networks with the older slower, historic infrastructure. Three different levels of landscape management are proposed: total protection (the dunes), high-level protection (the area behind the dunes where traditional agriculture is practised, buffer areas and ecological connecting areas), medium levels of protection (sustainable agriculture, <em>green</em> connections and ecological corridors). The key aims of the project are as follows: <em>transversality</em> - repairing the agricultural fabric and the relationship between the land and the sea; <em>sustainability</em> - recovering the environmental system and traditional activities; <em>flexibility</em> - agriculture with only minor environmental impact.
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Puglisi, Marta, and Daniela Cataldo. "A comparative study on the bryophyte and lichen flora for monitoring the conservation status of protected areas of Sicily (Italy)." Nova Hedwigia 109, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0550.
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A comparative analysis of the bryophytes and lichens used as environmental bioindicators of three Oriented Nature Reserves of the Ionian coast of Sicily (Italy) is presented. For this purpose, ecological and bio-ecological indices (Ellenberg indices, life form, life strategy, human impact, poleotolerance) were considered. Comparing the ecological data, the bryophytes result more tolerant than lichens of shaded condition, moist substrate, conversely, lichens reveal higher resistance to xericity and eutrophication and a preference towards the conditions of photophily. Relating to the bio-ecological parameters, bryophytes and lichens agree in revealing a more marked anthropic disturbance in the ONR Oasi del Simeto, a moderate disturbance in the ONR Fiume Fiumefreddo and even more moderate in the ONR La Timpa, the best preserved Reserve.
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Oskyrko, Oleksandra, Lekshmi B. Sreelatha, Iolanda Silva-Rocha, Tibor Sos, Sabina E. Vlad, Dan Cogălniceanu, Florina Stănescu, et al. "Molecular analysis of recently introduced populations of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus)." Acta Herpetologica 17, no. 2 (July 18, 2022): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/a_h-12542.
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In recent decades, many reptile species have been introduced outside their native ranges, either accidentally through the transportation of goods and materials (e.g., plants, construction materials), but also intentionally through the pet trade. As a paradigmatic example, the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus, native to the Italian Peninsula, Sicily and the north Adriatic coast, has been introduced in several nearby islands since historical times (Corsica, Sardinia, Menorca). Besides these regions, scattered populations were later reported from the Iberian Peninsula, France, Switzerland, Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom and North America. Here, we provide molecular evidence regarding the introduction and origin of P. siculus in six new populations outside its native range: Romania (Bucharest and Alba Iulia), inland Croatia (Zagreb and Karlovac), Italy (Lampedusa Island) and Azerbaijan (Baku). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the Alba Iulia (Romania) population originated from a single clade (Tuscany), while the population from Azerbaijan is admixed including two distinct clades, one similar to those found in Sicily and the other present across the Tuscany clade. Samples from Bucharest also have admixed origins in Tuscany and the Adriatic clades. Less surprisingly, samples from Zagreb and Karlovac are included in the Adriatic clade while those from Lampedusa originated from Sicily. Overall, our results further demonstrate that P. siculus is able to establish outside of its native range even under different climatic conditions, not particularly from specific clades or source areas. Also, for the first time in this species, our results indicate that repeated human introductions promote lineage admixture and enhance their invasive potential.
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Basbas, Socrates. "COVID-19 and public transport demand trends in Sicily: analyzing external factors and governmental recommendations." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 83 (September 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.83.9.
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The year 2020 has brought changes in transport services and travel demand globally due to restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in public transport. The present work focuses on Sicily (Southern Italy). Through the elaboration and administration of an online questionnaire, a sample of 700 regular public transport users was characterized from a socio-demographic point of view, identifying their travel habits, and their opinion on governmental and public transport company initiatives. Eight (8) national government strategies were evaluated on a Likert scale, and ten (10) pandemic mitigation factors were assessed in different phases of the pandemic, highlighting which of these factors were most preferred by the sample on a hierarchical scale. The results lay the groundwork for identifying critical challenges when dealing with such severely restricted mobility conditions and suggesting improvements for public transport agencies and local authorities.
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Terzoli, Serena, Grazia Abbruzzese, Isacco Beritognolo, Maurizio Sabatti, Riccardo Valentini, and Elena Kuzminsky. "Genetic characterization of a Tamarix spp. germplasm collection in Italy." Botany 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0270.
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Tamarix L. plants are tolerant to extreme environmental conditions and represent a resource for the recovery of marginal areas. The aim of this study is to develop a molecular method for species assignment and to characterize the genetic differentiation of Italian Tamarix populations. Blind sampling was performed and individuals were gathered without any regard for species identity from seven sites in Italy. If possible, flowers for species identification were collected, but 60% of samples remained unidentified. The genotypic profile of 17 microsatellite markers and a Bayesian statistical approach allowed the individuals to split among genetic entities rather than by their species identity. A clear assignment of Tamarix africana Poir. individuals was found, but this was not the case for Tamarix gallica L. and Tamarix canariensis Willd., whose individuals were clustered in a unique group (T. gallica-like). In T. africana, the Bayesian analysis of the genetic structure pointed out the existence of a unique gene pool, whereas according to principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and FST values, the populations from Lazio and Sardinia were more differentiated. All the analyses performed showed a differentiation between Sicily and peninsular Southern Italy in the T. gallica-like group. This study is the first to report the characterization of the natural genetic resources of Italian tamarisks and it suggests the absence of genetic differentiation between T. gallica and T. canariensis.
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Russo, Francesca, and Salvatore Antonio Biancardo. "COUNTERMEASURES TO IMPROVE ROAD ALIGNMENT CONSISTENCY OF UNDIVIDED RURAL ROADS." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 13, 2017): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.26.
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The research aims to assess the relationships between the crash rates and road consistency. Design consistency assessment is a tool employed by designers to improve road safety. The case study involved a rural two-lane two-way road in Southern Italy located on a flat terrain without spiral transition curves between tangent segments and circular curves. Road alignment consistency was examined in two steps: by adopting standards in force in Italy based on the design speed profile and by plotting operating speed profile to determine the area bounded by the speed profile and the average weighted speed, and the standard deviation of operating speeds for each geometric segment. Operating speed prediction model, which returns the 85th percentile of the speed distribution of the only cars under free flow conditions, right weather conditions, and lighting was adopted. A negative exponential function was performed to predict the global consistency of a road as a whole. Finally, a model for predicting the crash rate was calibrated, confirming an increase of design consistency when the crash rates decrease significantly. The consistency model represents a useful tool during the geometric design process or the evaluation process for two-lane rural highways.
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Mincuzzi, Annamaria, Simona Marianna Sanzani, Lluís Palou, Marco Ragni, and Antonio Ippolito. "Postharvest Rot of Pomegranate Fruit in Southern Italy: Characterization of the Main Pathogens." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050475.
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an emerging crop in Italy and particularly in southern regions, such as Apulia, Basilicata, and Sicily, due to favorable climatic conditions. The crop is affected by several pathogenic fungi, primarily in the field, but also during postharvest phases. The most important postharvest fungal diseases in pomegranate are gray and blue molds, black heart and black spot, anthracnose, dry rot, and various soft rots. The limited number of fungicides allowed for treatment in the field and the lack of postharvest fungicides make it difficult to control latent, quiescent, and incipient fungal infections. Symptomatic pomegranates from southern Italy were sampled and isolated fungi were morphologically and molecularly characterized. The data obtained revealed that various species of Penicillium sensu lato (including Talaromyces genus), Alternaria spp., Coniella granati, and Botrytis cinerea were the principal etiological agents of postharvest pomegranate fruit diseases; other relevant pathogens, although less represented, were ascribable to Aspergillus sect. nigri, Colletotrichum acutatum sensu stricto, and Cytospora punicae. About two thirds of the isolated pathogens were responsible for latent infections. The results obtained may be useful in planning phytosanitary control strategies from the field to storage, so as to reduce yield losses.
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Aroskay, A., E. Martin, S. Bekki, G. Montana, L. Randazzo, P. Cartigny, A. Chabas, and A. Verney-Carron. "Multi O- and S-isotopes as tracers of black crusts formation under volcanic and non-volcanic atmospheric conditions in Sicily (Italy)." Science of The Total Environment 750 (January 2021): 142283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142283.
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Giaccone, Sonia, and Marco Galvagno. "Small-scale cultural festivals in Southern Europe: A motivation-based segmentation study." European Journal of Tourism Research 29 (July 2, 2021): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v29i.2413.
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This research deals with small-scale festivals based on local cultural traditions in a European setting. These festivals have at present been poorly studied in literature, although they may play an important role in tourist attractiveness and local development. The context of the study is the Maiorchino Festival, a community-based festival which takes place annually in Novara di Sicilia, a small rural-mountain town in Sicily (Italy). The research aims to segment festival attendees, based on motivations, and to understand the differences between clusters with regard to socio-demographic and behavioural variables. Data were collected through a survey conducted on the participants of the 2019 edition of the Maiorchino Festival. The analysis allowed four motivational factors to be identified, namely Novelty, Local culture experience, Festival attractiveness, Socialization, and to detect four clusters, based on attendee motivations, namely Escapers, Socialization lovers, Loyalists, Passionate about local traditions. The specific features of each cluster are described, satisfaction and intention to return measured. Finally, the findings, theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the paper are discussed.
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Mineo, Simone, Giovanna Pappalardo, Michele Mangiameli, Santo Campolo, and Giuseppe Mussumeci. "Rockfall Analysis for Preliminary Hazard Assessment of the Cliff of Taormina Saracen Castle (Sicily)." Sustainability 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10020417.
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A rockfall analysis at one of the most relevant cultural heritage sites of northeastern Sicily (Italy) is presented herein with the aim of assessing the hazard arising from the unstable conditions of the rock cliff of Taormina city, upon which the Saracen Castle is perched on its top. Several rockfalls affected this area in the latest years, representing a serious threat for the safety of inhabitants and tourists. Therefore, the qualitative Evolving Rockfall Hazard Assessment (ERHA) was applied for the hazard zonation, supported by rock mass surveys and Terrestrial Laser Scanner prospecting. Kinematic analysis revealed that the unstable rock failure patterns are represented by planar/wedge sliding and toppling, while simulation of potential rockfalls allowed studying the impact of future events in terms of trajectory and energy. This is higher at the foot of scarps and in steeper sectors, where the application of ERHA identified a critical zone close to the inhabited center, which is one of the main elements at risk, along with a pedestrian tourist path. Achieved results represent a starting point for the definition of risk management strategies and provide a scientific contribution to the study of hazard and risk arising from rockfall occurrence.
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Catalano, Giuseppe Antonio, Federico Maci, Provvidenza Rita D’Urso, and Claudia Arcidiacono. "GIS and SDM-Based Methodology for Resource Optimisation: Feasibility Study for Citrus in Mediterranean Area." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020549.
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South Italy is characterised by a semi-arid climate with scarce rain and high evaporative demand. Since climate change could worsen this condition, the need to optimise water resources in this area is crucial. In citrus cultivation, which involves one of the most important crops bred in Southern Italy, and more generally in Mediterranean regions, deficit irrigation strategies are implemented in order to cope with limited resource availability. On this basis, knowledge on how the territorial distribution of citrus would change in relation to these strategies represents valuable information for stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the probability of the presence of citrus in Sicily based on changes in the percentage of water deficit in order to identify and analyse change in the surface area as well as the location of the crop. The methodology was based on the application of species distribution models (SDM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the case study of the province of Syracuse in Sicily. Different geostatistical and machine learning models were applied based on bioclimatic variables measured over three decades, a Digital Terrain Model and irrigation. Assessment of the outcomes was carried out using classification evaluation metrics. The analysis of the outcomes showed that uncorrelated predictor layers mainly included water input that most affected the probability of the presence of citrus fruits. Moreover, GIS analyses showed that deficit irrigation strategies would generate an overall reduction of cultivation surfaces in the territory (e.g., for the Random Forest model the surface reduction was equal to 41.15%) and a decrease of citrus presence in southern areas of the considered territory. In this area, climate conditions are less favourable in terms of temperature and precipitation; thus, these analyses provide useful information for decision support tools in agriculture and land use policy.
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Cantone, Fernanda. "Enhance the Public Space: An Ecomuseum for Monterosso Almo (RG) in Sicily." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022040.
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Abstract The city has become the place of sustainability and public space is one of the main elements of this concept: it does not consume land, it recovers the existing building assets, it works with requalification, re-design, accessibility and availability. In this sense, public space takes on an ecological and environmental connotation, supported by a growing respect for nature. Nowadays, in historical small towns, all works addressing the public space acknowledge an overlapping of traces and testimonies that identify those space as assets to be protected, but also made available to the public. In this regard, it is also necessary to protect the buildings that define this space. A tool is enhancement. Enhancement means taking actions aimed at giving value. Its objectives focus by integrating the architectural heritage into contemporary life, by strengthening social development, as well as the economy, and defining its roots and identity. Today, enhancement connects the past with the future and provides an occasion to highlight the tangible and intangible resources safeguarded by such heritage. For ordinary heritage the only possible strategy is represented by eco-museums, through a systemic approach towards all tangible and intangible elements. The case study is a very small town in the country of Ragusa, Sicily, Italy, is considered a “cultural, natural and architectonical landscape” and reflects the combined works of nature and humankind, where cultural heritage is located both in rural areas, both in center of town. The city has an interesting old town consisting in two important historical area: Matrice district and San Giovanni district. In them there are small palaces built almost all after the earthquake of 1693, beautiful churches even older, beautiful woods and views that design public space. This research is aimed at retrieving the present architecture and landscape by using the existing structures to leave an indelible mark on renovation projects. The enhancement project guides the birth of the eco-museum; it identifies, selects and recovers the existing building assets, proposing attractive and economically interesting functions for public space. An action based on eco-museums helps breathing new life into a community and its heritage, promoting life, economy and tourism.
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Perrino, Enrico Vito, Valeria Tomaselli, Robert Philipp Wagensommer, Giuseppe Nicola Silletti, Assunta Esposito, and Adriano Stinca. "Ophioglossum lusitanicum L.: New Records of Plant Community and 92/43/EEC Habitat in Italy." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123188.
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In this paper, integrating field surveys and literature data, an analysis of Ophioglossum lusitanicum plant communities and related 92/43/EEC habitats are reported for Italy. Two new syntaxa, Euphorbio exiguae-Ophioglossetum lusitanici ass. nova hoc loco and trifolietosum scabri subass. nova hoc loco of the Rumici bucephalophori-Ophioglossetum lusitanici were described in the Apulia and Campania regions.Both types of vegetation identified in Apulia, Campania, and Sicily regions represent two different aspects of the same priority habitat: “pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea” (habitat code 6220*). A phytosociological and ecological dataset of the literature and new field surveys highlighting the soil type as parameters affecting the vegetation cover of this small fernlike plant, with the Trachynion distachyae Rivas–Martínez, 1978 alliance on calcareous soils and Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al., 1940 alliance on volcanic soils. Many species of other types of annual meadows have been identified within Ophioglossum communities due to the very small patches of land, where they have been found, and ecological conditions that facilitate this phenomenon of the transgression of other therophytes species.