Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sicilian'

The influx of immigrant Sicilians into southeastern Louisiana in the nineteenth century resulted in a parallel rise of the French Quarter as a culinary destination. Through an analysis of menus, recipe books, city directories, newspapers and census rolls, this work maps the growing influence of Sicilian farmers, vendors, and restaurateurs on New Orleans foodways. The often-overlooked community of Sicilians already living in the city in the early nineteenth century set the stage for the mass migration from Sicily to New Orleans later in the century, when Sicilians gained control of the produce food market in southeast Louisiana. A comparison of local cookbooks and recipes from before the mass arrival of the Sicilians with those created after Sicilians began to dominate agricultural production in Louisiana reveals a subtle shift in the use of ingredients, as local cooks incorporated into local dishes the produce made available by Sicilian farmers and vendors.

Anthropological data from fieldwork carried out among a fishing population in western Sicily show how related matrifocal nuclear families are tightly knit within larger, male-headed networks. The mother focus at the basic family level is thereby balanced and the system indicates that the mother-child unit does not function effectively on its own, as has often been argued for this type of family structure. As a result of dominating moral values which strongly emphasise the uniqueness of family and kin, people are brought up to depend heavily upon and to be loyal to their kin networks, to see themselves primarily as parts of these social units and less so as independent clearly bounded individuals, and to distinctly separate family members from non-family members. This dependence is further strengthened by matri- and/or patrivicinity being the dominant form of locality, by the traditional naming system as well as a continual use of kin terms, and by related people socialising and collaborating closely. The social and physical boundaries thus created around the family networks are further strengthened by local architecture that symbolically communicates the closed family unit; by the woman, who embodies her family as well as their house, having her outdoor movements restricted in order to shield both herself and her family; by self-mastery when it comes to skilfully calculating one's actions and words as a means of controlling the impression one makes on others; and by local patriotism that separates one's co-villagers from foreigners. Hospitality, which brings inclusion and exclusion into focus, is shown to be a means of ritually incorporating non-kin and thus containing the danger the stranger represents.

The author aims to answer the question of whether the social and physical boundaries around the family network, together with the distrust towards non-family members referred to by the informants themselves, constitute a hindrance as regards collaboration with non-kin, or if collaboration beyond the family boundaries is possible and, if so, whether or not this has to lead to the family's losing its position.

This research explores the dynamic relationship between place, history and landscape in an urban food market, Catania, Sicily. This market informs a mythological image of the island and my main concern is what significance lies underneath this representation. I examine the ways in which this image has been constructed through ideas of history, space, landscape, modernity and tradition. Unpacking these notions in the light of my in-depth ethnography, I address how vendors and buyers frame and define their relationship with space and time. After placing the market in relation to its historical and geo-political context, I argue that the representation of passivity and the lack of agency have contributed to the maintaining of elitist local and national powers. The use of space within the market informs a distinctive cosmology, in which the landscape constitutes the main local organising principle. The landscape is looked at as a cultural process, constantly renegotiated and recontextualised. The principal categories of food classification ‘wild’, ‘local’,and ‘foreign’ are explanatory notions of a specific relationship between people, food and locality. The interaction between vendors and buyers cannot be understood as a purely economic transaction. Their relationship is articulated through a unique set of practices, which are analysed throughout this thesis. Senses, social interactions, culinary knowledge, and conviviality contribute to the ability to operate within the market. I look at my own ethnographic experience as a practical “apprenticeship”. I also address the local ideas of tradition and modernity, mainly through the analysis of the shared fears of being left behind and of losing control over the process of change. The idea of modernisation as an ongoing process carries with it a sense of loss, of nostalgia for an idealised past.

This thesis discusses Agathokles of Syracuse (r. 317-289), arguing that he should be understood in both the context of local Greek Sicilian traditions and contemporary Hellenistic developments, whereas previous studies have represented him as remaining apart from the Hellenistic world as a Sicilian dead end or embracing the Hellenistic world so enthusiastically that he abandoned his Sicilian context altogether. Thus this is a thesis about chronological continuity at the beginning of the Hellenistic period and geographical continuity between Sicily and the wider Mediterranean region. The thesis is tripartite. The first part deals with literary and numismatic source material, arguing for a shift away from source criticism in order to emphasise the coherence and agency of the surviving literary texts and the relationship of characterisations of Agathokles to broader Greek representations of autocracy. I discuss the chronology, iconography, and circulation of Agathokles' coinage, as evidence for the combination of Sicilian and Hellenistic elements. The second part discusses Agathokles' rulership style, arguing that the assumption of the royal title did not transform his rule and identifying substantial parallels with his predecessors and his contemporaries. This suggests that Sicilian tyranny and Hellenistic monarchy were aspects of a single Greek tradition of autocracy. The third part of the thesis looks at Agathokles' interactions with Sicily, Carthage, Italy, Mainland Greece and the Diadochoi, identifying the dynamics which drove these interactions and showing how they continued older models of interaction and were shaped by contemporary developments. This demonstrates the degree to which Agathokles and his local Sicilian context were part of the wider Hellenistic world.

Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The nursery business is the starting point for wine production, influence qualitatively and quantitatively all vintages production. The aim of the trial is to deepen the knowledge on certain aspects of the production and some innovative products in the segment of the production of the young vine. Furthermore, will also take into consideration the case of an innovative product in the marketing stage, which takes the name of "barbatellone", which aims to replace the dead vines in the vineyards and anticipate the entry into production of new vineyards. Results in nursery showed that, the omega grafts affect the nursery success. The yields of field is linked to the time of plantation; later is the period of the plantation and is lower the yield in the field, then you must tend to implant in early periods in order to improve yields. The evaluation tests related to the techniques to detect the grafts-cuttings suitable to plantation have produced positive results that have shown that it is possible to make other improvements in the production chain. For the “Barbatellone” the results showed that, the row distances did not affect nursery successful. Instead, plant density influenced the stock and shoot diameters that were increased by the greatest in-row distance. Results showed that bunch removal. affected shoot elongation, daily shoot growth, stem diameter, pruning mass and root mass. Yield was correlated with the nursery shoot diameter. Prevalence of thin roots (less than 3 mm) was recorded in all thesis

Il presente lavoro mira a far luce su un personaggio complesso e abbastanza discusso, il ministro plenipotenziario inglese Lord William Bentinck, attraverso l analisi delle pagine del suo Sicilian Journal, il diario ancora inedito che scrisse negli anni di permanenza in Sicilia (1812-1814), attualmente conservato, insieme ad altri numerosissimi documenti dello stesso, relativi non solo a quegli anni (7000 circa) ma a tutta la sua carriera diplomatica e militare, presso l archivio della Nottingham University Library (UK), quale lascito dei duchi di Portland, eredi di Bentinck. Si prenderanno in considerazione anche alcune lettere rinvenute durante la ricerca, anche queste inedite, rivolte a Bentinck, scritte dall abate Paolo Balsamo, personaggio di spicco della intelligentsia siciliana di quegli anni.

This thesis is a comprehensive investigation of the transport containers produced in Roman Sicily over a chronological period composed of five phases: Early Roman period (30 BC–AD 100); Middle Roman period (AD 100–300); Late Roman period (AD 300–440); Vandal Perios (AD 440/535) and Early Byzantine period (AD 536/600). The research investigates the production and transportation of Sicilian foodstuffs (especially wine) from the major ports of the island to Mediterranean ports and northern Europe. The results demonstrate the wide distribution of Sicilian amphorae and their important role within the wider economy of the Roman Empire. The importance of this research lies in the fact that, despite the agricultural prosperity of Sicily in the Roman Period and its strategic topographical position, transport amphorae remain understudied especially in economic terms. In regards to typology, chronology and distribution, our current knowledge of regional containers has not reached a level comparable to that of amphorae manufactured in other territories. The key discussion focuses on the commercial dynamics of Roman Sicilian amphorae from local, regional and Mediterranean-wide perspectives. The research aims to outline the distribution trends of Sicilian amphorae, looking at the different relative quantities of each amphora type and consequently the extent to which they are present in regions inside and outside Sicily, while considering presences and absences within the more general and homogeneous context of the Mediterranean basin. The organisation of Sicilian amphora production is also tackled through the presentation of probable production sites and excavated kilns. Using these examples, the study investigates the management of production of these containers on the island. The initial data obtained by this research represents a first step in determining differences between Sicilian amphorae workshops producing amphorae — therefore trading wine — for Mediterranean export and manufacturing sites specializing in local/regional trade. Other key achievements include the creation of a new illustrated typology with profile drawings of all the amphora forms and a summary and catalogue of Sicilian amphorae fabrics. In the thesis, the results of archaeometric analysis (thin-sections) carried out on more than 120 Sicilian amphora samples, provided by numerous institutions in Sicily and abroad, are presented. These results add significantly to our knowledge of the fabric composition, manufacture technology, origin and consequently movement of these amphorae around the Mediterranean over six centuries. More generally the research shows that the study of Sicilian material culture along with archaeological evidence is essential for recording the economic dynamics of Sicily, with the intent of dispelling the stereotype that Sicily's primary role was as a grain supplier to Rome. Besides grain — widely produced and exported throughout the imperial period, as attested by ancient sources and inscriptions — the archaeological evidence clearly indicates the export of foodstuffs, especially wine, at an inter-provincial level from the 1^st until the second half of the 6^th century AD.

An epinician ode is not only praise for a laudandus but also a form of civic discourse in which the laudandus conducts a debate inviting the audience to make a judgement. This enquiry investigates how the eighteen epinician odes composed by Pindar and Bacchylides for Sicilian laudandi accommodate the political and social aspirations of the patrons commissioning them. It also investigates how rhetoric contributes to the fulfilment of the encomiastic purpose in those odes. This enquiry situates the epinician odes in their proper historical context. It contrasts its findings with those of others. It concludes that in odes composed for laudandi other than tyrants the purpose of the debate is more often than not to counter suspicions which fellow citizens may harbour against the laudandus. However, the laudandi concerned appear to have been problematic already before they entered Panhellenic competition, and not, as some scholars think, because of their newly acquired status as Panhellenic victor. In particular, Pindar’s fifth and sixth Olympian odes are poems in which the suspicions of others are apparently countered as a matter of urgency. At the other end of the spectrum is Pindar’s first Nemean ode, arguably an ode composed for an unproblematic laudandus. This enquiry concludes that the presence of strategies of inclusion or exclusion is not determined by the status of the laudandus. It further concludes that odes composed for tyrants do not necessarily reflect a Herrschaftssystem: rather elements of Polisideologie are often used in these odes in the debate with the audience. Hence the variety of patron message employed in epinician odes is much greater than has hitherto been thought. Finally, this enquiry makes some observations on the development of odes composed for the Sicilian tyrants over time and links the observations with historical circumstances surrounding the Deinomenid and Emmenid tyrannies.

This study attempts to revive T.J. Dunbabin's multi-dimensional approach to the history of Early Iron Age Sicily in The Western Greeks (Oxford 1948). Dunbabin recognised that archaic Sicily had no real history, and that any historical account involved combining the very scant documentary record with the fuller and ever-growing body of archaeological evidence to produce a framework for writing social and economic history. These innovative methods ended with Dunbabin, however: today the field is dominated by scholars impeded artificially by disciplinary boundaries, which discourage the productive combination of historical and archaeological sources, leaving a number of important questions in a sort of academic no man's land. In the introduction an overview of the study of Sicily since Dunbabin is given, and Dunbabin's own weaknesses are explored: Dunbabin modelled Greek colonisation in Sicily on modern British colonisation; such a decision strait-jacketed his image of the past, causing him to draw conclusions unacceptable today. The increase in the quantity of archaeological evidence since Dunbabin means that it is no longer possible to make an in-depth study of the whole of Sicily in a single volume. Consequently, the focus has to be considerably more restricted than Dunbabin's; specific questions need to be selected. Megara Hyblaia and Selinous offer two particular advantages for studying the evolution of Greek settlement in Sicily: besides being Megarian, both are sufficiently well explored archaeologically to make historical investigation profitable, but they were founded a century apart on different sides of the island, in different environmental and socio-political contexts. The study itself is divided into two main parts, the first focusing on Megara Hyblaia and the second on Selinous; each of these two parts consists of five chapters, in which the same questions are asked of the evidence from the two sites, for comparative purposes. Chapters I and VI explore the background to settlement, with such subjects as the native world encountered by the settlers at the time of colonisation, pre- and proto-colonial activity, and the respective foundations of the colonies examined. Settlement development is the subject of chapters II and VII; the emphasis here is to monitor the successive stages of the physical growth of the colonies, and also to study the size and nature of the settlement itself. Chapters III and VIII deal with demography (particularly population size). The following chapters (IV and IX) use archaeological and written evidence to reconstruct socio-political history. Chapters V and X investigate environment and economy. In the closing chapter, after a review of the conclusions reached, the question of why Selinous evolved so differently from it mother-city is addressed. The thesis ends with brief consideration of the (Megarian) Sicilian contribution to the study of the polis.

This thesis investigates the evolution of Pleistocene insular proboscideans from the centralwestern Mediterranean (Palaeoloxodon species from Sicily, Malta, Favignana) and a mammoth (Mammuthus lamarmorai) from Sardinia, with a particular emphasis on the anatomy of the limbs. Differences in the morphology of the limbs are examined across a tenfold reduction in mass (from 3,5m-tall P. antiquus from Germany to 1,2 m-tall P. ex gr. P. falconeri from Spinagallo Cave, Sicily), revealing insights into significant morphological changes in the long and foot-bones, particularly appendicular changes evident in SiculoMaltese P. ex gr. P. falconeri. Notable morphological differences between P. antiquus and its insular descendent P. ex gr. P. falconeri include the functional morphology of the ankle-joint (especially the calcaneus' articular facet for the tibia). Furthermore, morphological similarities found between the femur of young continental elephants (P. antiquus and L. africana) and adult insular dwarfs (P. ex gr. P. falconeri and its probable ancestor Palaeoloxodon sp. from Lparello Fissure, Sicily) suggest evidence of paedomorphism in the limbs. Similarly, comparisons of the ontogenetic allometry of the tibia in L. africana and P. ex gr. P. falconceri include changes which are also consistent with paedomorphism, although other factors could not be ruled out. In the humerus large differences are evident in the morphology of the deltoid tubercule between co-generic insular Palaeoloxodon species, suggesting interspecific differences in the musculo-skeletal system. Furthermore, on the basis of dimensions, morphology and stratigraphy, the large Palaeoloxodon sp. remains from Luparello Fissure, north-western Sicily are suggested to belong to the ancestral chronospecies of P. ex gr. P. falconeri from Sicily, which may have subsequently colonized Malta during the reduced sea-levels of a Middle Pleistocene glacial lowstand (following a corridor with reduced distances between the two islands). Additionally, morphological differences in the calcanei of elephants from Luparello Fissure, Sicily, and Benghisa Gap, Malta may be the result of allopatric speciation between similar-sized elephants during the Middle Pleistocene, or alternatively relate to ecomorphology. These findings suggest that the morphology of the calcaneus may be more informative than hitherto recognised for resolving systematics and taxonomy among the Elephantini. Furthermore, although the absolute chronology of SiculoMaltese elephants remains poorly constrained, preliminary U-Th dating at Alcamo Quarry, western Sicily suggests a tentative early Middle Pleistocene age for Palaeoloxodon sp.

xvii, 330 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation is a sociological study of the Sicilian bluefin tuna fishery. It will examine the social and ecological transformation of this fishery during the modern era. This will be analyzed utilizing a sociological framework that draws on theory from environmental sociology. The Sicilian fishery has been exploited for its abundant tuna for over a millennium, providing a major source of protein for Mediterranean civilizations. However, within the last half century there has been exponential expansion of industrialized methods of production and increasing capture efforts. This has culminated in the development of bluefin tuna "ranches," which have become a highly controversial method for supplying global markets. Escalating pressure on the fishery has contributed to a host of environmental and social concerns, including pushing this important fishery to the brink of collapse. Using a combination of primary and secondary source data such as interviews with local fishers and those in the tuna ranching sector, data compiled by international agencies such as the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) as well as archival data on the Sicilian bluefin tuna fishery, I will employ sociological methods and analyze the recent changes in social life and the environment in Sicilian fishing communities. Subsequently, this project will shed light on the globalized and industrialized nature of the modern agri-food system and lead to a better understanding of its social and environmental impacts.
Committee in charge: Richard York, Chairperson, Sociology; John Foster, Member, Sociology; Yvonne Braun, Member, Sociology; Joseph Fracchia, Outside Member, Honors College

Due to the population growth, urbanization and economic development, demand for freshwater in urban areas is increasing throughout Europe. At the same time, climate change and pollution are also affecting the availability of water supplies. Sicily, a southern island of Italy, suffers from a growing strong water scarcity and drought. The freshwater basins of Sicily are not well characterized and classified. In last decades, in Sicilian freshwater surface reservoirs several Planktothrix rubescens and Microcystis aeruginosa blooms have reported. A further actual worldwide problem for all surface freshwaters basins is the increasing of heavy metals concentrations in their waters. Aims of this research doctoral project were: a) perform a census of Sicilian natural and artificial freshwater basins and identify which of these are suitable for use for drinking purposes; b) carry out a risk assessment related to presence of Microcystins and heavy metals (As, Pb, V, Cd, Al); c) evaluate the waters toxicity through ecotoxicological bioassays and verify if they would be sensitive and reliable to investigate on toxicity of mixtures of heavy metals and Microcystins. It was carried out the monitoring of 15 surface basins, among the 30 existing in Sicilian territory, through seasonal chemical, physical and microbiological analysis of the waters such as required by Italian law, the Legislative Decree 152/2006. Moreover, it was performed speciation of cyanobacteria community, cell counting, and PCR analysis. Finally, it was carried out acute (V. fischeri), subacute (T. platyurus) and chronic (D. magna) ecotoxicological assays. There is much reassurance about quality chemical status of basins. In fact, there are no heavy metals above the reference values. Only Aluminum and Iron are present often in large concentration. The high levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus give information about the inflow of partially or completely untreated urban and rural wastewater in all basins. However, in 50% of examined dams, there were the presence of several cyanobacteria species. In particular, it was detected cyanobacteria bloom in Disueri in period between July and September 2017. Microcystis sp. and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were detected (108 and 107 cell/L, respectively) and by mid-August were replaced by Anabaenopsis sp. and Plankthotrix rubescens, still growing in mid-September (107 and 106 cell/L, respectively). MCs concentrations in every samples were low, in agreement with the lack of qualitative amplification of the mcyE gene. The distance biplot of PCA showed that Disueri, Pozzillo, Trinità and Arancio dams are located near together and are strongly influenced by N, Fe, Al, V, Mn, F, Mn, Cl, pH, Ca and Nitrite. In recent past, all these dams were currently affected by harmful algal bloom. V. fischeri and D. magna assays seem to respond to the number of cyanobacteria cells rather than toxins concentrations. Instead, T. platyurus assay show a significant positive relationship between MCs concentrations measured by ELISA test. In conclusion, the chemical quality of Sicilian surface freshwaters catchments is good and it could be improved it with a better treatment and management of wastewaters got into the surface waters. Concerning the Microcystins contamination, since in every analyzed sample the concentration was below the WHO reference value for drinking waters (1 ug/L) it seems not to be a high and worrying risk for human and environmental health in the brief time. The simultaneous execution of V. fischeri and T. platyurus bioassays could favor the monitoring of waters both economically and technically. PCA analysis seems to be reliable to be used as predictive models for cyanobacteria growth. Finally, respecting these describes condition, it would be possible the use of waters of all monitored basins as drinking after an adequate treatment according to Italian Legislative Decree 152/2006.

In the present thesis different configurations of Pseudo-Coordination are analysed. This is a monoclausal syntactic construction, formed by two finite verbs with an optional connector a between them (V1 a V2), which can be considered as an instance of the Multiple Agreement Constructions found in most southern Italo-Romance dialects. This thesis discusses the main parameters of micro-variation characterising the Pseudo-Coordination found in the Sicilian dialects: i) the criteria for the selection of the V1; ii) the Moods and the Tenses in which this construction can occur; iii) the criteria for the selection of the V2: iv) the hierarchy regulating the occurrence of the Persons (from 1sg to 3pl) in the different paradigms; v) the grammaticalisation of the V1 "go" with its phonetic erosion and desemanticisation. In the second part of the thesis, the first quantitative study dedicated to Pseudo-Coordination, conducted in Delia (Caltanissetta) with 70 participants during 2017, is presented.

Le travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre de la lexicographie historique et consiste en la conception et la rédaction du lexique du corpus de textes de l’École poétique sicilienne, sur la base de l’édition complète, critique et commentée « I Poeti della Scuola siciliana », publiée en 2008 pour la série « I Meridiani » de la maison d’édition Mondadori, sous le patronage du « Centro di Studi filologici e linguistici siciliani », édité par Roberto Antonelli, pour ce qui est du premier volume (entièrement consacré a Giacomo da Lentini), Costanzo Di Girolamo, pour le deuxième (qui comprend les textes des poètes de la cour de Frédéric II) e Rosario Coluccia pour le troisième (ce qui contient les poèmes des Siculo-toscani).Compte tenu de l’importance extraordinaire de la tradition de la poésie sicilienne pour le développement de la littérature et de la langue poétique italiennes, le Lexique de l’Ecole poétique sicilienne considère toutes les couches stratigraphiques de cette tradition à plusieurs manuscrits, en récupérant et organisant le lexique qui résulte du texte et les leçons écartées par les éditeurs modernes et enregistrées dans les apparats ; il prend en considération aussi la très riche tradition éditoriale moderne de ces textes, en laissant la place aux interprétations proposées par différents éditeurs
The research consists on editing the glossary of the Sicilian School texts, with reference to the most recent edition: I Poeti della Scuola siciliana, published in 2008, in the series «I Meridiani» of Mondadori publishing company, edited by Roberto Antonelli (Giacomo da Lentini), Costanzo di Girolamo (Poeti della Corte di Federico II) and Rosario Coluccia (Poeti siculo-toscani).Given the extraordinary importance of the manuscript tradition of Sicilian poetry for the development of Italian literature and poetic language, the Glossary of the Sicilian School considers the stratigraphy of this tradition, by recovering and organizing the lexicon that results from the critical text and the variants rejected by modern editors and recorded in the critical apparatus; it also takes into consideration the very rich modern editorial tradition of these texts, reporting interpretations proposed by different editor

This study argues that the so-called Sicilian Slave Wars are best understood as two differing instances of civic disquiet, social disorder and provincial revolt in Sicily, rather than as slave wars. Both events are reconnected to their Sicilian context geographically, politically and socially, and shown to have arisen from those contexts. This thesis is demonstrated in seven chapters. Chapter I reassesses the principle evidence for the kingdom established by the rebels in the first war: their numismatic issues. This evidence is best understood in the context of contemporary Sicilian numismatics and emphasises the Sicilian nature of the uprising. It is argued that the insurgency was contingent on the support of certain parts of the (free) Sicilian populace. Chapter II presents a reinterpretation of Diodorus’ text from a narratological point of view. The text is shown to be highly rhetorical and constructed with a view to demonise the leaders of the first war, Eunus and Cleon, through reference to Hellenistic stereotypes of femininity, cowardliness, magic and banditry. Chapter III argues that Diodorus’ explanation of the origin of the war is anachronistic and shows evidence of narratorial intervention and invention, thereby rendering his interpretation unreliable. Chapter IV considers Cicero’s Verrine Orations and shows that his engagement with the two wars in the text cannot be used as a reliable indicator of historical fact because of the text’s continual engagement with history. Chapter V argues that the two leaders of the so-called Second Slave War, Salvius/Tryphon and Athenion, were described using the same matrix of ideas that were present for Eunus and Kleon, for the same rhetorical and narratological effect. Chapter VI analyses Diodorus’ narrative of the origin of the war, and shows that Diodorus only provides a chronology of coincidental events, and beyond a single connective narrative line, demonstrates no connection between these events. Finally, Chapter VII suggests that the best context in which to understand this war is that of a general breakdown of social order on Sicily at the end of the second century B.C. caused by internal political problems in the cities of Sicily. Further, the insurgency led by Salvius/Tryphon and Athenion is shown to be only part of a broader crisis on Sicily that stretched from 106-93 B.C., part of an extended stasis for the island. In sum, I argue that the events typically referred to as the Sicilian Slave Wars are better understood through a focus on the historical contexts provided by the Hellenistic milieu in which the wars arose and the development of the Roman provincial system – rather than through the (preconceived) lens of slavery: instead of servile unrest, there was civic disquiet, social disorder and provincial revolt on Sicily in the 2nd century BC.

This work addresses the topic of discourse markers in the sociolinguistic context of Sicily. In a three-fold perspective, it combines a synchronic analysis with a diachronic and a sociolinguistic understanding of linguistic phenomena. The object of the study is that of discourse markers. This concept is discussed theoretically, that is also in terminological and historical terms, so that discourse markers are intended as lexical elements, i.e. stable form-function associations, serving discourse-pragmatic functions, i.e. structuring and managing the text and the interaction. Drawing mainly from an original corpus of spontaneous speech collected in the area of South-eastern Sicily, two items that are representative of the category of discourse markers are selected, arà and mentri. A synchronic form-to function mapping is carried out at first, thus identifying the formal features and above all the functional ones that define these two elements as discourse markers. Both the formal and functional properties defining these items as discourse markers (discourse-pragmatic functioning, multifunctionality, morphosyntactic independence, etc.) are better understood by reconstructing the evolution of these forms. The evolution of discourse markers is approached theoretically in the framework of grammaticalization studies, as a process of intersubjectification and coding of inferences. Thanks to a diachronic analysis, the polysemy schemas of the markers find a sound explanation, in terms of both relative chronology and logical connection among the different values and functions of each marker. The two Sicilian discourse markers are eventually examined in a sociolinguistic perspective. On the one hand, they get involved in contact phenomena between the two codes of the repertoire (Sicilian and its roof and standard language, Italian): these contact dynamics, going in the direction from the non-standard variety to the standard one, happen at both the discourse level in terms of code-mixing strategies and at the system one in terms of borrowing and interference. On the other hand, it is observed how discourse markers may assume social meaning in the speech community, namely by acquiring socio-symbolic values as identity-flagging devices and by showing variation in usage according to socio-demographic and contextual factors. In conclusion, this study of Sicilian discourse markers does not only offer new empirical data, but also advances our theoretical understanding of this linguistic category in its synchronic definition, in its diachronic dimension, and in its sociolinguistic implications.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une mise en lumière des aspects linguistiques relatifs aux phénomènes de contacts entre locuteurs arabophones et locuteurs appartenant à la communauté sicilienne de Tunisie à travers l’étude d’une chronique particulière, éditée dans le journal italien Simpaticuni (1911-1933). L’un des objectifs de cette recherche est l’analyse du tissu linguistique du corpus dans le but de déterminer la nature véritable de cette langue. Cela se traduit par l’identification des particularités phono-graphiques, morphologiques, syntaxiques et lexicologiques de la langue employée, et par la recherche de la sicilianité des textes en déterminant le degré de dialectalité. Puis, nous examinons les mots empruntés à l’arabe tunisien afin d’en analyser le fonctionnement et la modalité d’insertion dans le tissu syntaxique des chroniques et d’en définir la typologie. S’agit-il de référents à des objets quotidiens ? D’insertions pragmatiques? Quelle est la signification de ces choix ? Enfin, étant donné la nature dialogale de nos textes, nous étudions les variétés en interaction, travail qui permettra d’interpréter la présence des emprunts à l’arabe dans le discours. La numérisation exhaustive d’une rubrique particulière du Simpaticuni a pour objectif d’élargir la quête lexicologique des auteurs qui ont travaillé sur ce journal
In this thesis, we propose to highlight the linguistic aspects relating to languages in contact, more particularly between Arabic and Sicilian speakers of Tunisia, through the study of a particular column, published in the Italian newspaper Simpaticuni (1911-1933). One of the issues of this research is to analyses the linguistic base of the corpus, aiming at determining the real nature of this language. In this respect we describe the phonographic, morphological, syntactical and vocabulary features of this language, and measure in what extent the given texts are of a Sicilian nature according to their dialectal degree. We then gather the words borrowed from Tunisian Arabic in order to study their function and the way they occur inside the syntactic structure of the columns, and therefore define their typology. Would they refer to daily objects? Or to pragmatic inclusions? What do these choices mean? Finally, given the speech nature of our texts, we study the varieties in interaction, which will enable us to understand why some words have been borrowed from Arabic. Digitising the whole particular column of the Simpaticuni will enhance the glossary collection undertaken by other scholars who previously worked on this newspaper

Doctor of Philosophy
This thesis analyses language shift in a Sicilian-Australian family, from the parents' use of three languages: Sicilian, Italian and English, to the children's almost exclusive use of English.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 perches_cs_me_botfmvz_parcial.pdf: 57363 bytes, checksum: 7194bc6e69ce3bcd9c7d95014e54cd86 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-25T13:01:27Z: perches_cs_me_botfmvz_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-25T13:03:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000692053_20160720.pdf: 57206 bytes, checksum: d761ff391f9b209a38f7349c5ee3c1f1 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-07-25T13:17:34Z: 000692053_20160720.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-25T13:18:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000692053.pdf: 7043915 bytes, checksum: fa994284baa896bbc842afa959d5378b (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar por meio de exames oftalmológicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA, o processo de reparação corneal de úlceras superficiais induzidas em coelhos, frente à utilização de colírios de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, produto até então não utilizado em oftalmologia. Foram utilizadas 50 fêmeas da espécie leporina, todas submetidas à indução da úlcera superficial, constituindo-se 5 grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Em três grupos foram instilados colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, em diferentes concentrações, sendo 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). O grupo controle (GC) recebeu substituto da lágrima, e o grupo Tween 80 8% (GT) foi tratado com o diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de citrus. Todos os protocolos foram realizados quatro vezes ao dia. Os grupos foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o período final de avaliação, sendo M1, coelhos avaliados após 24 horas, e M5, após 5 dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção ocular, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. O grupo tratado com colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon na concentração 1,5%, no período final de avaliação, apresentou maior sensibilidade ocular em relação ao GC, além de aumento da celularidade corneal, representada principalmente por células inflamatórias. Nas comparações entre os momentos iniciais e finais, os grupos tratados com substituto da lágrima, Tween 80 8% e colírio à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon 5% promoveram aumento na espessura epitelial na periferia da córnea e maior percentual de proliferação celular, na avaliação final. Quanto à úlcera de córnea, houve redução significativa da extensão total para leve...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare through ophthalmic exams, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, the repair process in superficial corneal ulcers induced in rabbits using eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, a product not used in ophthalmology yet. Fifty female rabbits were submitted to induction of the corneal ulcer and then divided into 5 experimental groups of 10 animals each. Were instilled into three groups eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, in different concentrations, being 1.5% (GL1, 5), 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5). The control group (CG) received a tear substitute, and the Tween 80 8% group (GT) was treated with the diluent used in the production of eyedrops of citrus. All protocols were performed four times a day. The groups were divided randomly into two subgroups, according to the final period of evaluation, in the M1 rabbits were evaluated after 24 hours, and in the M5 after 5 days. There was no difference between treatments for clinical signs: ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and corneal opacity. In the final period of evaluation, the group treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil in the concentration 1.5% showed a higher ocular sensitivity compared to the GC, and increased of corneal cellularity, represented mainly by inflammatory cells. In the comparison between the initial and final moments, the groups treated with tear substitute, Tween 80 8% and eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil 5% led to an increase in epithelial thickness at the periphery of the cornea and a higher percentage of cell proliferation, in the final evaluation. In the clinical evaluation of corneal ulcer, there was significant reduction in total length for mild or absent at the time of final evaluation in all groups; the exception was GL 3%, that showed a lower... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-224). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

The Pelagian Archipelago is located in a complex and wide geodynamic system characterized by the occurrence of two independent tectonic processes acting simultaneously: convergence along the Apennine-Maghrebian accretionary wedge and late Miocene-early Pliocene rifting in the Sicily Channel. Through high resolution seismic profiles acquired around the Lampedusa Island offshore, the reconstruction of an updated structural setting of this area and its regional correlation has been performed. The late Miocene-early Pliocene rifting affects directly the structural evolution of the Lampedusa plateau, with the development of a graben and half-graben setting in most of the offshore area, widely filled with the syn-rift deposits. In the northern sector, the activity of the normal faults associated with the rifting is active up to the early Pliocene, whereas it is quiescent since late Miocene in southern sector. This current fabric of the Lampedusa plateau derives by its involvement in regional extensional regime, lying in a dextral-transtensive zone and marked by pull-apart basins. In particular, two systems of the normal faults in the Lampedusa offshore have been recognized. The Master Extensional Faults oriented WNW-ESE represent the main structural alignment of the Lampedusa offshore and reflect the extensional trending of the Sicily Channel. The Second order of Extensional Faults, oriented NNW-SSE, bounds smaller pull-apart basins and are probably associated with the main dextral-transtensive regional regime. From the comparison with some preexisting models, an update stratigraphic-structural model is proposed also to the southeastern continental shelf between the Gela-Catania foredeep and the Hyblean foreland offshore, along the Marina di Ragusa offshore. The seismo-stratigraphic interpretation shows a NE-SW extensional faults system that involves only the late Miocene formations, probably connected to history of the Scicli Line. Furthermore, the late Miocene extensional tectonic activity involves widely affects the offshore portions of the Hyblean foreland and its ramp, but it does not show evidences that this activity has involved the Plio-Pleistocene succession. The deposition of the Gessoso-Solfifera Formation has been widely recognized in the Hyblean foreland ramp, demonstrating that the evaporitic deposition does not is a peculiarity only of the deposits within the semi-isolated and marginal sub-basins or of the thrust top mini-basins of the Appennine-Maghrebides belt, but extends also in areas where the extensional tectonic have been dominant. Through Multibeam bathymetric data, an update characterization of the geomorphological setting of the north-east Sicily continental shelf, between Milazzo Promontory and the area offshore from the Saponara River, is provided. Furthermore, through high-resolution CHIRP seismic profiles interpretation, a reconstruction of the evolution of the last eustatic sea level cycle is performed. The lowstand succession, corresponding with the foreset of the prograding clinoforms of the continental margin deposits, determines the accommodation space for the depositional processes that occur during the rise of the sea level. In fact, the evolution of the transgressive and highstand wedges is strongly influenced by the geometry of the underlying lowstand succession. The transgressive wedge is developed in the 80-100 m bathymetric range and consists of the relict geomorphic elements that represent past landscape. These elements tracked the variations in coastline position during the last sea-level rise, formed during an interval of relatively reduced rate of sealevel rise. Furthermore, a reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the past coastal systems during the last transgressive stage is provided. The highstand wedge consists of the Corriolo, Muto, Niceto, Cocuzzaro and Rometta delta deposits that widely develop on the offshore portions of the inner continental shelf.

[IT] Negli ultimi 200.000 anni, la specie umana si è diffusa in tutta la Terra, adattando la sua morfologia e fisiologia a un'ampia gamma di habitat. Lo scheletro umano ha quindi registrato i principali effetti ambientali e di conseguenza i reperti scheletrici assumono grande importanza nell'indagine dei processi evolutivi. Oggi le moderne tecniche di indagini quantitative delle principali caratteristiche morfologiche consentono di metterle in relazione con la variabilità genetica. La posizione geografica della Sicilia, l'isolamento e la sua lunga e dinamica storia di colonizzazione (diversi e numerosi contributi culturali e biologici) hanno creato un contesto peculiare che consente uno studio antropologico unico, utile per sottrarre informazioni importanti sul “Flusso Migratorio” e il conseguente "Influenza delle Popolazioni" sui resti scheletrici umani. Questo progetto si basa sull'analisi antropologica delle ossa umane provenienti da diverse popolazioni (indigene e colonizzatori) distribuite dal Paleolitico all'Età Contemporanea. Le più moderne tecniche di Analisi Geometria Morfometrica (ricostruzione 3D) e di Analisi Statistica Multivariata sono state applicate su tre diversi caratteri scheletrici (Denti, Crani e Statura). L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di eseguire un'ampia analisi della Biodiversità Umana Siciliana al fine di: - Analizzare i dati odontometrici 2D con tecniche multivariate per esplorare le relazioni tra i popoli nel corso dei secoli. - Usare modelli 3D e la morfometria cranio-facciale per studiare la complesso variabilità morfologica relativa alle influenze dei flussi migratori. - Valutare il Secular Trend della Statura. - Usare questi tre caratteri per fornire una panoramica generale della Biodiversità Umana in Sicilia. Il nostro lavoro denota l'affidabilità dei metodi impiegati e come in uno studio sulla biodiversità diversi caratteri sono indispensabili per comprendere il processo evolutivo. I dati forniti dimostrano anche la correlazione tra i caratteri morfologici XI e l'influenza esercitata (non solo dai fattori ambientali) dal flusso umano sul fenotipo. I risultati mostrano chiaramente come tutti i caratteri valutati siano coinvolti allo stesso tempo nello stesso processo di diversificazione. Le variazioni morfologiche mostrano una generale diminuzione del prognatismo mascellare e una leggera mesocefalizzazione con il cranio che diventa più stretto e leggermente e meno allungato e il viso che diventa più largo e più corto. Considerando sempre l’influenza del rapporto dimensione/composizione sia l'analisi statistica canonica che quella multivariata, supportano la teoria che i coloni del Paleolitico superiore di San Teodoro potrebbero ragionevolmente essere la prima prova di colonizzazione umana in Sicilia (questa teoria è anche supportata dai campioni Mesolitici che clusterizzano separati dai primi). Significativi sono i periodi del Bronzo della transizione Bronzo/Ferro nei quali assistiamo ad importanti cambiamenti morfologici (Denti, Crani e Stature) dovuti a “Flussi Migratori” costanti e numericamente significativi. Questa variazione coincide esattamente con i primi “Afflussi di Popolazione” stabili conseguenti alle migrazioni umane dal continente. Tuttavia i campioni preistorici di alcune popolazioni, conservano alcuni caratteri arcaici anche dopo l'Età del Ferro (Era Storica) mentre la "Continuità di Popolazione" (conseguente alla convivenza e agli alternamenti delle diverse colonizzazioni) dall'Antichità al Medioevo ha prodotto un progressivo aumento della variabilità senza grandi variazione tra Eignevalue e Componenti Principali. L'assenza di relazione interna causata dall'intricato periodo di colonizzazione è invece presente sul campione preistorico sul quale si riscontra una netta variazione tra i PC. Le correlazioni tra "Afflusso di popolazione" e Variabilità sono osservabili anche nell'influenza dei coloni islamici sugli indigeni durante il Medioevo. Tuttavia, l'ampia variabilità e il morfospazio omogeneo mostrano che dopo questi gruppi (fino ai Contemporanei) sono riconoscibili popolazioniben definite.
[ES] Durante los últimos 200.000 años, la especie humana se ha extendido por toda la Tierra, adaptando su morfología y fisiología a una amplia variedad de hábitats. Por tanto, el esqueleto humano ha registrado los principales efectos ambientales. Hoy las modernas técnicas de investigaciones cuantitativas de las principales características morfológicas nos permiten relacionarlas con la variabilidad genética. La posición geográfica de la Sicilia, su aislamiento y su larga y dinámica historia de colonización han creado un contexto peculiar que permite un estudio antropológico único, útil para extraer información importante sobre el "Flujo Migratorio" y "Influencia Población". Este proyecto se basa en la análisis antropológica de huesos humanos de diferentes poblaciones (indígenas y colonizadoras). Las técnicas de Análisis de Geometría Morfométrica y Análisis Estadístico Multivariante se han aplicado en tres caracteres esqueléticos diferentes (Dientes, Cráneos y Estatura). El objetivo del proyecto es realizar un análisis amplia de la Biodiversidad Humana Siciliana con el fin de: - Analizar datos odontométricos 2D con técnicas multivariadas para explorar las relaciones entre pueblos entre los siglos. - Utilizar modelos 3D y la morfometría craneofacial para estudiar la compleja variabilidad morfológica relacionada con los flujos migratorios. - Evaluar la tendencia secular de la estatura. - Utilizar estos tres caracteres para proporcionar una descripción general de la Biodiversidad Humana en Sicilia. Esto trabajo denota la confiabilidad de los métodos utilizados y, como en un estudio de la biodiversidad, varios caracteres son indispensables para comprender el proceso evolutivo. Los datos también demuestran la correlación entre los caracteres morfológicos y la influencia (no solo por factores ambientales) de los flujos humanos sobre el fenotipo. Los resultados muestran claramente que todos los caracteres evaluados están involucrados al mismo tiempo en el mismo proceso de diversificación. Las variaciones morfológicas muestran una disminución general del prognatismo maxilar y una ligera mesocefalilización con el cráneo que se convierte en más estrecho y ligeramente y menos alargado y la cara más ancha y corta. Siempre considerando la influencia de la relación tamaño/composición, de la muestra, tanto el análisis estadístico canónico como multivariado apoyan la teoría que la población del Paleolítico Superior de San Teodoro podría ser razonablemente la primera evidencia de colonización humana en Sicilia (esta teoría también es apoyada de la muestra Mesolítica que se agrupa separada). Son significativos los periodos de el Bronce y de la transición Bronce/Hierro en los que asistimos a importantes cambios morfológicos (Dientes, Cráneos y Estatura) debido a los constantes y numéricamente significativos "Flujos Migratorios". Esta variación coincide exactamente con los primeros "Flujos de Población" estables como consecuencia de las migraciones humanas desde el continente. Sin embargo, las muestras Prehistóricas de algunas poblaciones conservan algunas características arcaicas incluso después de la Edad del Hierro (Era Histórica) mientras la "Continuidad de la Población" (resultante de la coexistencia y alternancia de la colonización) desde la Antigüedad hasta la Edad Media produjo una mayor progresiva variabilidad sin pero mayor variación entre Eignevalue y Componentes Principales. La ausencia de relación interna causada por el intrincado período de colonización está presente en la muestra prehistórica en la que hay una clara variación entre las Componentes Principales. Las correlaciones entre la "Afluencia de Población" y la Variabilidad también se pueden observar en la influencia de los colonos Islámicos sobre los indígenas durante la Edad Media. Sin embargo, la amplia variabilidad y el morfoespacio homogéneo muestran que poblaciones bien definidas no son reconocibles después de estos grupos (hasta los contemporáneos).
[EN] During the last 200,000 years, human species has spread throughout Earth, adapting their morphology and physiology to a wide range of habitats. The human skeleton has therefore, recorded the main environmental effects. Nowadays modern quantitative investigations of the main morphological features permit us to relate them with the genetic variability. The Sicilian geographic position, isolation and its long and dynamic history of colonization) made a peculiar context that allows a unique anthropological study, useful to sign-out important information about the "Migratory Flow" and the consequent "Populations Influx". This project is based on the Anthropological Analysis of the human bones coming from different populations distributed from Paleolithic to the Contemporary Age. The techniques of Morphometric Geometric analysis and Multivariate Statistic Analysis were applied over three different catchers (Teeth, Skulls and Stature). The project aim is to perform a wide analysis of the Sicilian Human Biodiversity in order to: - Analyze 2D odontometrics data with multivariate techniques to explore the relationships between the peoples over the centuries. - Use 3D models and skull-facial morphometry to study the complex morphological variability concerning the "Populations". - Evaluate the "Stature's Secular Trend". - Use these three characters to provide a general overview of the human biodiversity in Sicily. Our work denotes the reliable of the methods employed underlying as in a study of biodiversity several characters are indispensable to understand the evolutionary process. Data also provided to demonstrate the correlation between the morphological characters and the influence carried (not only by the environmental factors) by the human flow on the phenotype. Results clearly shows as all the characters evaluated are at the same time involved in the same process of diversification. Morphological variations show a general decrease of Maxilla Prognathism and a soft Mesocephalization with the skull that becomes tighter and slightly and less elongated and the face that become wider and shorter. Always considering simple size/composition both Canonical and Multivariate Statistics Analysis display, as the Upper-Paleolithic Würm-Settlers of San Teodoro could reasonably be the first evidence of human colonization in Sicily (this theory is supported by the Mesoltitch Hunter-Gatherers specimens clustered separated from the first one). Meaningful is the periods of Bronze/Iron transition in we assist to the prime plainness of morphological changes (teeth, skulls and statures) due to the constant and numerically significative "Migratory Flows". This variation exactly coincides with the first "Population Influx" consequent of the human migrations from the continent. Instead, Prehistorical samples of some populations, keep some archaic characters after Iron Age (Historical Era) the "Population Continuity" (consequent of the cohabitation and alternations of the several Mediterranean populations) from Antiquity to Middle Ages produced a progressive increase of variability without big variation among Eigenvalue and Principal Component. The absence of internal relationship caused by the intricate colonization period is on the contrary present on Prehistorichal sample on which we can find a clear variation between the PC. Correlations between "Population Influx" and Variability are also observable on the influence of Islamic settlers on the Indigenous during the Middle Ages. However, the wide variability and the homogenous morphospace showed by these groups and the Contemporary resulted in no well-defined populations.
[CA] Durant els últims 200.000 anys, l'espècie humana s'ha estés per tota la Terra, adaptant la seua morfologia i fisiologia a una àmplia varietat d'hàbitats. Per tant, l'esquelet humà ha registrat els principals efectes ambientals. Hui les modernes tècniques d'investigacions quantitatives de les principals característiques morfològiques ens permeten relacionar-les amb la variabilitat genètica. La posició geogràfica de la Sicília, el seu aïllament i la seua llarga i dinàmica història de colonització han creat un context peculiar que permet un estudi antropològic únic, útil per a extraure informació important sobre el "Flux Migratori" i "Influència Població". Aquest projecte es basa en l'anàlisi antropològica d'ossos humans de diferents poblacions des del Paleolític fins a l'Edat Contemporània. Les tècniques d'Anàlisis de Geometria Morfomètrica (reconstrucció 3D) i Anàlisi Estadística Multivariante s'han aplicat en tres caràcters esquelètics diferents (Dents, Cranis i Alçada). L'objectiu del projecte és realitzar una anàlisi àmplia de la Biodiversitat Humana Siciliana amb la finalitat de: - Analitzar dades odontométricos 2D amb tècniques multivariades per a explorar les relacions entre pobles entre els segles. - Utilitzar models 3D i la morfometria craniofacial per a estudiar la complexa variabilitat morfològica relacionada amb els fluxos migratoris. - Avaluar la tendència secular de l'alçada. - Utilitzar aquests tres caràcters per a proporcionar una descripció general de la Biodiversitat Humana a Sicília. Això treball denota la confiabilitat dels mètodes utilitzats i, com en un estudi de la biodiversitat, diversos caràcters són indispensables per a comprendre el procés evolutiu. Les dades també demostren la correlació entre els caràcters morfològics i la influència (no sols per factors ambientals) dels fluxos humans sobre el fenotip. Els resultats mostren clarament que tots els caràcters avaluats estan involucrats al mateix temps en el mateix procés de diversificació. Les variacions morfològiques mostren una disminució general del prognatisme maxil·lar i una lleugera mesocefalilización amb el crani que es converteix en més estret i lleugerament i menys allargat i la cara més ampla i tala. Sempre considerant la influència de la relació grandària/composició, de la mostra, tant l'anàlisi estadística canònica com multivariat donen suport a la teoria que la poblacion del Paleolític Superior de Sant Teodoro podria ser raonablement la primera evidència de colonització humana a Sicília (aquesta teoria també és secundada de la mostra Mesolítica que s'agrupa separada). Són significatius els períodes del Bronze i de la transició Bronze/Ferro en els quals assistim a importants canvis morfològics (Dents, Cranis i Alçada) a causa dels constants i numèricament significatius "Fluxos Migratoris". Aquesta variació coincideix exactament amb els primers "Fluxos de Població" estables com a conseqüència de les migracions humanes des del continent. No obstant això, les mostres Prehistòriques d'algunes poblacions conserven algunes característiques arcaiques fins i tot després de l'Edat del Ferro (Era Històrica) mentre la "Continuïtat de la Població" (resultant de la coexistència i alternança de la colonizacion) des de l'Antiguitat fins a l'Edat mitjana va produir una major progressiva variabilitat sense però major variació entre Eignevalue i Components Principals. L'absència de relació interna causada per l'intricat període de colonització està present, en contrero, en la mostra prehistòrica en la qual hi ha una clara variació entre les Components Principals. Les correlacions entre l' "Afluència de Població" i la Variabilitat també es poden observar en la influència dels colons Islàmics sobre els indígenos durant l'Edat mitjana. No obstant això, l'àmplia variabilitat i el morfoespacio homogeni mostren que poblacions ben definides no són recognoscibles després d'aquests grups (fins als contemporanis).
Thanks to: Dr. Francesa Spatafora (Archaeological Museum “A. Salinas”, Palermo, Sicily, Italy), Dr. Maria Grazia Griffo (Archaeological Museum “Baglio Anselmi”. Marsala, Sicily, Italy) , Dr. Maria Amalia Mastelloni (Archaeological Museum “Bernabò-Brea", Aeolian Island, Sicily, Italy) and Dr. Carolina Di Patti (Geological University Museum of Palermo “Gemmellaro”, Sicily, Italy) for the authorization to study the materials. Thanks to Prof. Armando González Martín, Prof. Oscar Cambra-Moo Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain) for the invaluable help. Thanks to the Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (LEEH) - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina), to all the laboratoy directors to provide the modern specimens of reference sample. Thanks to the Mayor Mr. Domenico Giannopolo, the council member of cultural heritage Mrs. Nieta Gennuso and Dr. Filippo Ianni (Municipality of Caltavuturo, Sicily, Italy) for the excavation seasons and the authorization to study the materials. To the Museum of Mozia. (Sicily, Italy), The Whitaker foundation and Dr. Pamela Toti for the authorization to study the materials. To the Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Palermo. (Sicily, Italy) Dr. Stefano Vassallo and Dr. Maria Grazia Cucco for the opportunity of the excavations in Caltavuturo and authorization to study the materials. Thanks to the Soprintendenza BB.CC.AA. di Trapani. (Sicily, Italy), Soprintendente and Dr. Rossella Giglio, Township Museum of Mussomeli. (Sicily, Italy), and Prof. Erich Kistler and Dr. Nicole Mölk (University of Innsbruck, Austria, Innsbruck) for the authorization to study the materials.
Lauria, G. (2020). The Human Biodiversity in the Middle of the Mediterranean. Study of native and settlers populations on the Sicilian context [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159789
TESIS

This thesis aims to examine the little-known works by three Anglo-Sicilian women, written at the end of the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century, as expatriate writing. In particular, this study explores the various mechanisms and strategies at play in the representation of the Other and the Self in these texts, in the light of the events preceding and following Italian Unification. I intend to verify how these texts respond to being analysed as a distinct group, and what are the specific roles and functions of expatriate women's works. I consider these three works through an interdisciplinary, comparative approach. This thesis consists of an introduction, three case studies - structured in terms of generic subdivisions - and a conclusion. The Introduction draws the historical, social and cultural context shared by the three case studies. It looks at women's expatriate writing as a genre, as well as a few women's travel texts about Sicily. Chapter one explores Letters from Sicily: Containing Some Account of the Political Events in that Island during the Spring of 1849 (London, 1850) by Mary Charlton Pasqualino. Within the context of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century epistolary writing, this work is read as a text marking the author's transition from a condition as traveller to that as expatriate. Chapter two is devoted to an analysis of Sicilian Ways and Days, by Louise Hamilton Caico (London, 1910). It looks at strategies used by the author to exert her authority as participant-observer in her ethnographic work. This section also analyses Hamilton Caico's photographs of inland Sicily within a selection of iconographic representations of Southern Italy produced by female travellers. Chapter three examines the relationship between history and memory, personal and public account through a close reading of Sicily and England: Political and Social Reminiscences, 1848-1870 (London, 1907) by Tina Scalia Whitaker. It examines the author's search for an Anglo-Italian identity, as well as the issue of the 'authenticity' of Scalia's historical narrative and self-representation. The conclusions briefly look at today's reception of the translation into Italian of the works by Hamilton Caico and Scalia Whitaker. This section also suggests further research on women's expatriate writing about Italy.

Orientador: Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão
Banca: José Joaquim Titton Ranzani
Banca: Alexandre Lima de Andrade
Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar por meio de exames oftalmológicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA, o processo de reparação corneal de úlceras superficiais induzidas em coelhos, frente à utilização de colírios de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, produto até então não utilizado em oftalmologia. Foram utilizadas 50 fêmeas da espécie leporina, todas submetidas à indução da úlcera superficial, constituindo-se 5 grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Em três grupos foram instilados colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, em diferentes concentrações, sendo 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). O grupo controle (GC) recebeu substituto da lágrima, e o grupo Tween 80 8% (GT) foi tratado com o diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de citrus. Todos os protocolos foram realizados quatro vezes ao dia. Os grupos foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o período final de avaliação, sendo M1, coelhos avaliados após 24 horas, e M5, após 5 dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção ocular, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. O grupo tratado com colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon na concentração 1,5%, no período final de avaliação, apresentou maior sensibilidade ocular em relação ao GC, além de aumento da celularidade corneal, representada principalmente por células inflamatórias. Nas comparações entre os momentos iniciais e finais, os grupos tratados com substituto da lágrima, Tween 80 8% e colírio à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon 5% promoveram aumento na espessura epitelial na periferia da córnea e maior percentual de proliferação celular, na avaliação final. Quanto à úlcera de córnea, houve redução significativa da extensão total para leve... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare through ophthalmic exams, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, the repair process in superficial corneal ulcers induced in rabbits using eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, a product not used in ophthalmology yet. Fifty female rabbits were submitted to induction of the corneal ulcer and then divided into 5 experimental groups of 10 animals each. Were instilled into three groups eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, in different concentrations, being 1.5% (GL1, 5), 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5). The control group (CG) received a tear substitute, and the Tween 80 8% group (GT) was treated with the diluent used in the production of eyedrops of citrus. All protocols were performed four times a day. The groups were divided randomly into two subgroups, according to the final period of evaluation, in the M1 rabbits were evaluated after 24 hours, and in the M5 after 5 days. There was no difference between treatments for clinical signs: ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and corneal opacity. In the final period of evaluation, the group treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil in the concentration 1.5% showed a higher ocular sensitivity compared to the GC, and increased of corneal cellularity, represented mainly by inflammatory cells. In the comparison between the initial and final moments, the groups treated with tear substitute, Tween 80 8% and eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil 5% led to an increase in epithelial thickness at the periphery of the cornea and a higher percentage of cell proliferation, in the final evaluation. In the clinical evaluation of corneal ulcer, there was significant reduction in total length for mild or absent at the time of final evaluation in all groups; the exception was GL 3%, that showed a lower... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

The organised crime industry on a whole generates an estimated gross criminal product of $800 billion USD annually generated from traditional crime industries like money laundering, cigarette and narcotics trafficking and prostitution. As a result of the new, globalised world, organised crime is diversifying its activities, penetrating legal sectors and further corrupting political systems. In general, it has been quick to adjust to the new economic opportunities and new technologies that this global village has to offer, and has been far more efficient in exploiting every available opportunity than its police and justice counterparts in preventing it from doing so. The face of international organised crime has changed to include new, sometimes smaller, often more dangerous actors, and has seen the traditional crime families metamorphose to keep up with the new environment. Diversification, penetration, legitimisation are the new guiding motto. The Sicilian Cosa Nostra has sought alternative ways to generate additional profits whilst reducing the risk factor. In order to branch-out, escape prosecution and yet remain within a pivotal and strategic position, the Cosa Nostra has chosen, amongst other havens, the French Riviera. Today, political and popular mobilisation and interest in combating organised crime is minimal, largely relegated to folklore status, crime annals, and the cinema industry. However, no judicial tool or innovation can have concrete and effective applications if the political will is not predominant and if concerted international co-operation is not enforced. The risk, should this trend continue, is that organised crime will become a dominant and decisive actor in State affairs, may continue to take over unstable micro-states and pervert the democratic process and the rule of law around the world. The threat is not so much to stand by and wait as crime develops further, but how long this lack of reaction can continue before it becomes irreversible.

This study will explore the similarities and differences between Alcibiades and Nicias’ speeches to the Athenian Assembly in 415 BC and Secretary Hillary Clinton and President Donald J. Trump’s first presidential debate in 2016. The ancient speeches were regarding the Sicilian Expedition, while the modern speeches focused on each candidates’ foreign policy plan regarding Syria and the Islamic State (IS). Despite the near 2,500-year difference between these two democracies, there are striking similarities between the ways their governments are structured as well as the values they uphold. I explore the significance of the fact that the Athenians and the modern-day Americans have two ostensibly functioning democracies yet the candidates whom they elected and the subsequent results were disadvantageous for the long-term sustainability of their countries. I will look at the differences between the expectations of the democratic institutions and what the outcomes of the debates were. Additionally, I compare the differences between the Athenian democracy and the American democracy.