Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shoulder'
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Hassan, Salwan. "Shoulder trauma." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36584.
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Trauma to the shoulder is common. Injuries range from a separated shoulder resulting from a fall onto the shoulder to a high-speed car accident that fractures the shoulder blade (scapula) or collar bone (clavicle). One thing is certain: everyone injures his or her shoulder at some point in life. Fractures of the clavicle or the proximal humerus can be caused by a direct blow to the area from a fall, collision, or motor vehicle accident.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36584
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Aldali, Waleed. "Shoulder extenal rotation as a sensitive measure of shoulder function." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243181.
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Jariwala, Arpit. "Alterations in shoulder motion following Copeland® shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/604e20ab-9580-408b-bfb0-5414c0890977.
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Anglin, Carolyn. "Shoulder prosthesis testing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38298.pdf.
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Bhuta, Asim. "Shoulder implant alignment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60079.
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Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is used to treat patients with glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis. Despite high success rates, complications occur and many patients undergo revision surgeries. The top three most frequent complications are: instability/dislocation of the joint, glenoid loosening and rotator cuff insufficiency. It is believed that these complications occur in most part due to alignment of the implant. In this thesis a two part investigation was conducted to test the effects of joint replacement humeral head version (-15° to 15°) and tilt (-10° to 10°) and glenoid version and tilt (-15° to 15°). The first part investigates the effect of the humeral head alignment on range of motion and activities of daily living using a collision detection modelling method. The second part investigates the effect of both humeral head and glenoid variations on the joint reaction and muscle forces to describe the risk of the three most frequent complications using the United Kingdom National Shoulder Model. This thesis shows that increasing humeral head posterior version decreased the ability to perform activities of daily living (up to 32% at 15°) mostly due to bone-implant collision, increased the risk of the rocking-horse mechanism (by up to 37% at 15°) and increased subscapularis activity (by up to 14% at 15°). Similarly, increasing inferior tilt of the glenoid to 10° produced the best outcomes: vertical rocking-horse mechanism decreased by 19% and no significant differences in muscle forces were observed. In conclusion, normal alignment of the humeral head following surgical guidelines is recommended to increase the chances of implant survival. Posterior versions of the humeral head should be avoided more so than other small mal-alignments. Increasing glenoid inferior tilt to 10° produced favourable results but after combining the results from this thesis and from the literature, it is concluded that all glenoid mal-alignments should be avoided and highlights the need for more effective surgical tools to accurately position the shoulder replacement.
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Weingärtner, Markus. "Mittelfristige Ergebnisse der operationen nach Max Lange bzw. nach Putti-Platt unter Berücksichtigung isokinetischer Messungen." Munchen : Universitat Munchen, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/60457133.html.
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Chepeha, Judith Carol. "Objective functional shoulder testing in individuals with atraumatic anterior shoulder instability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22584.pdf.
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Arens, Hendrikus Johannes. "Arthroscopy of the shoulder." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5718.
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Ryan, Kelly. "The effects of manual therapy on scapular motion in a patient with shoulder impingement a dissertation [thesis] submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, November 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/RyanK.pdf.
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Binder, Allan Ivan. "Painful stiff shoulder (frozen shoulder) and soft tissue rheumatism in the upper limb." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25848.
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Caceres, Andrea Patricia. "The effects of implant design variations on shoulder instability following reverse shoulder arthroplasty." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6552.
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Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is performed to decrease pain and improve function and range of motion (ROM) primarily for patients with rotator cuff arthropathy, an arthritis of the shoulder secondary to rotator cuff insufficiency. However, RSA has suffered from high early to mid-term rates of complication, with instability being one of the most common. The shoulder biomechanics post-RSA depend on multiple factors such as implant geometry, positioning, and cuff integrity. This study built upon prior finite element (FE) analysis of RSA to investigate the effects of glenoid lateralization and retentive liner design on shoulder stability. A previously validated FE model was extended to model shoulder external rotation (ER) after implantation of the Zimmer Trabecular Metal RSA system. The FE model included the scapula bone with an implanted glenosphere implant, the humerus bone with implanted humeral sections of the RSA implant, and muscle tendons representing the subscapularis, infraspinatus, and deltoid. Six different models matched glenospheres in three cases of lateralization (2mm, 4mm, and 10mm) with two humeral poly liner designs (normal: 150° neck shaft angle or retentive: 155° neck shaft angle). Using Abaqus/Explicit FE software, the proximal ends of the soft tissues were pulled to their anatomical positions, and then fixed in space while the humerus was externally rotated 80° about the humeral long axis from a neutral position with the shoulder abducted 25°. The displacements, deltoid and subscapularis forces, impingement-free ROMs, and subluxation gap distances were recorded. Although greater glenosphere lateralization was associated with higher impingement-free ROM, larger deltoid and subscapularis forces developed. Deltoid tension contributes to shoulder stability and control, but elevated amounts of deltoid tension may contribute to scapular fractures and greater stress at impingement sites post-RSA. Further analysis such as inclusion of more anatomical features and additional motions may offer greater insight to orthopedic surgeons when planning for RSA insertion.
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Wall, Corey R. Cook Cristi R. "Comparative imaging of canine shoulder osteochondrosis lesions." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/.
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The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on July 14, 2010). Thesis advisor: Cristi R. Cook. "May 2010" Includes bibliographical references.
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Ansell, Lesley. "Shoulder dystocia effective management of an obstetric emergency : a qualitative study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (Midwifery) Auckland University of Technology, New Zealaned, August 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/814.
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Cheng, Shih-Chung. "The investigation of the relationship between shoulder laxity and shoulder instability in rugby players." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.478974.
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Hung, You-jou. "Shoulder position sense and kinesthetically guided reaching accuracy in individuals with anterior shoulder instability." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/204.
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Altered neuromuscular control due to compromised position sense may contribute to shoulder instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether unstable shoulder subjects exhibit larger errors than intact shoulder subjects in kinesthetically guided active positioning and reaching that are of greater functional significance than passive testing of shoulder position sense. Ten subjects with a history of anterior shoulder dislocation and 15 intact shoulder subjects participated in the study. Shoulder position sense was examined with three different protocols (imposed motion to remembered shoulder rotation angles and active shoulder abduction/rotation to verbally specified positions) with targets located in both the mid- and end-range of rotation. Three dimensional end-point accuracy of kinesthetically guided reaches to visually specified targets, along with the shoulder rotation angle and scapula orientations at the end-point, were also analyzed. In agreement with previous studies, unstable shoulder subjects exhibited significantly larger errors in perception of shoulder joint angles than healthy controls in a protocol involving imposed motion to remembered shoulder rotation angles. However, the clinical significance of the observed deficit is questionable because the averaged rms error differences between unstable and intact shoulders were relatively small (average: 1.8°). During tests of active positioning, unstable shoulder subjects were able to move the shoulder to verbally defined angles as accurately as healthy controls in both shoulder abduction and rotation. Unstable and intact shoulder subjects exhibited similar reaching accuracy and scapular orientations in the kinesthetically guided reaching test, but unstable shoulder subjects consistently used less shoulder rotation angle than healthy controls. However, they were able to point to a remembered target as accurately as intact shoulder subjects, suggesting that a different reaching strategy was adopted by unstable shoulder subjects to minimize shoulder rotation. Results of this study show that unstable shoulder subjects can perceive shoulder angles and reach to visually specified targets in space as accurately as healthy controls in functional activities with voluntarily arm movements. The results suggest that less sensitive joint receptors due to over-stretched shoulder stabilizers following shoulder injury have little impact on the neuromuscular control of the shoulder joint.
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Sein, Mya Lay School of Medicine UNSW. "Shoulder pain in elite swimmers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26165.
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Shoulder pain in elite swimmers is common and its cause is unknown. One hypothesis is that repetitive swimming leads to shoulder laxity, which in turn leads to impingement and shoulder pain. An observational cross-sectional study was designed to test this hypothesis. Eighty elite swimmers (13-25 years of age) completed questionnaires on their swimming training, pain and shoulder function. They were given a standardized clinical shoulder examination, and tested for inferior glenohumeral joint laxity using a noninvasive electronic laxometer designed for this study. Fifty-two swimmers also attended for a shoulder MRI. The laxometer had good-excellent reliability for inter-observer (Intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.74) and intra-observer (ICC = 0.76) assessments of joint laxity. The reliability of MRI-determined supraspinatus tendinosis was excellent with a single experienced musculoskeletal radiologist (intra-observer ICC = 0.85) and fair for an inter-observer assessment including less experienced radiologists (ICC = 0.55). MRIdetermined supraspinatus tendinosis was present in 36/52 (69%) swimmers, including four international-level athletes. A positive impingement sign correlated with supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.49, p = 0.0002). The impingement sign had 100% sensitivity and 65% specificity for diagnosing supraspinatus tendinopathy. Shoulder laxity correlated modestly with impingement (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). There was no association between shoulder laxity and supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.24, p = 0.08). The number of hours swum/week (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) and the weekly mileage (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) both correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendinopathy whereas swimming stroke preference did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis performed with supraspinatus tendinopathy as the dependent variable showed the combination of hours swum/week and weekly mileage correctly predicted tendinopathy in 85% of elite swimmers. These data indicate that: (1) supraspinatus tendinopathy is a major cause of shoulder pain in elite swimmers; and (2) this supraspinatus tendinopathy is induced by the volume/dose of swimming; and (3) shoulder laxity per se has only a minimal association with shoulder impingement in elite swimmers. These finding in humans are consistent with animal and tissue culture findings which support the hypothesis that tendinopathy is related to the dose and duration of load to tendon cells.
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Rodrigues, Sandra. "Shoulder proprioception and motor control." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c0d40a83-eb98-4148-ad0e-81a8b1f3a2f5.
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The shoulder is an inherently unstable joint and requires well-coordinated muscle work and an appropriate sensorimotor system for it to remain stable. The sensorimotor system is defined as all the sensory, motor, central integration and processing components involved in maintaining joint stability. Shoulder action involving overhead work places great demands on the shoulder joint and can result in shoulder lesions, such as impingement syndrome. Moreover, activities requiring repetitive arm movements, including high velocity actions, have also been identified as a risk factor for shoulder impingement.
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Di, Credico Valeria. "Analysis of retrieved shoulder prostheses." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8576/.
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In the last years the number of shoulder arthroplasties has been increasing. Simultaneously the study of their shape, size and strength and the reasons that bring to a possible early explantation have not yet been examined in detail.
The research carried out directly on explants is practically nonexistent, this means a poor understanding of the mechanisms leading the patient and so the surgeon, to their removal.
The analysis of the mechanisms which are the cause of instability, dislocation, broken, fracture, etc, may lead to a change in the structure or design of the shoulder prostheses and lengthen the life of the implant in situ.
The idea was to analyze 22 explants through three methods in order to find roughness, corrosion and surface wear.
In the first method, the humeral heads and/or the glenospheres were examined with the interferometer, a machine that through electromagnetic waves gives information about the roughness of the surfaces under examination. The output of the device was a total profile containing both roughness and information on the waves (representing the spatial waves most characteristic on the surface). The most important value is called "roughness average" and brings the average value of the peaks found in the local defects of the surfaces. It was found that 42% of the prostheses had considerable peak values in the area where the damage was caused by the implant and not only by external events, such as possibly the surgeon's hand.
One of the problems of interest in the use of metallic biomaterials is their resistance to corrosion.
The clinical significance of the degradation of metal implants has been the purpose of the second method; the interaction between human body and metal components is critical to understand how and why they arrive to corrosion. The percentage of damage in the joints of the prosthetic components has been calculated via high resolution photos and the software ImageJ.
The 40% and 50% of the area appeared to have scratches or multiple lines due to mechanical artifacts.
The third method of analysis has been made through the use of electron microscopy to quantify the wear surface in polyethylene components. Different joint movements correspond to different mechanisms of damage, which were imprinted in the parts of polyethylene examined. The most affected area was located mainly in the side edges.
The results could help the manufacturers to modify the design of the prostheses and thus reduce the number of explants. It could also help surgeons in choosing the model of the prosthesis to be implanted in the patient.
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Suprak, David N. "Unconstrained joint position sense in healthy and unstable shoulders." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-111). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Newby, Andrew Geoffrey. "Shoulder to shoulder? : Scottish and Irish land reformers in the Highlands of Scotland, 1878-1894." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23135.
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Wood, Vanessa J. C. "Biomechanical evaluation of glenohumeral joint stabilizing muscles during provacative [i.e. provocative] tests designed to diagnose superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions /." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/59/.
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Olds, Margie. "Active stiffness and strength in individuals with unilateral anterior shoulder instability a bilateral comparison : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, AUT University, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/757.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate active shoulder stiffness and strength in recurrent shoulder instability. Additionally, this study sought to investigate the relationship between active stiffness, and quality of life, functional outcome, and perceived instability. The relationship between strength and quality of life, functional outcome and perceived instability was also investigated. Study Design: A cross sectional study of a cohort of subjects with unilateral recurrent anterior shoulder instability was undertaken. Background: Recurrent shoulder instability affects up to 94% of young athletes following a dislocation (Rowe & Skallerides, 1961; Rowe & Zairns, 1956). Active stiffness is possibly an important factor in protecting the joint from episodes of instability (Myers, 2001; Riemann & Lephart, 2002). While studies have examined passive stiffness at the shoulder, there is little that has examined active stiffness. Method: Maximal Voluntary Strength (MVS) of the muscles involved in horizontal flexion and their active stiffness at 30%, 50% and 70% MVS was tested in 16 male subjects, with unilateral traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Additionally, quality of life, function and perceived instability were measured using the Western Ontario Stability Index (WOSI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Questionnaire (ASES) and the Single Alpha Numeric Evaluation score (SANE) respectively. Results: There was a significant decrease in horizontal flexion strength in the recurrently unstable shoulder. Stiffness was also decreased significantly at 30% and 50% MVS. No statistical difference was demonstrated in stiffness values between limbs at 70% MVS. No significant correlation was shown between active stiffness controlling for strength, and quality of life, function or perceived instability. Additionally, no significant association was shown between strength and quality of life, function or perceived instability. Conclusion: The observed reduction in stiffness in the unstable shoulder warrants the inclusion of exercises in the rehabilitation program to enhance this parameter in an effort to protect the joint from perturbations that might lead to dislocation. Deficits in strength in horizontal flexion indicate that strengthening exercises may also be valuable to enhance performance in activities that incorporate horizontal flexion. The lack of an association between active stiffness and quality of life and overall function may indicate that stiffness investigated in one plane of motion does not adequately reflect tissue stiffness during functional activities. Further examination into stiffness in the unstable shoulder is necessary, utilising methodology that examines stiffness in all three dimensions simultaneously.
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Kadum, Bakir. "Total Shoulder Arthroplasty : clinical and radiological studies on the implant positioning and fixation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ortopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110794.
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Shoulder arthroplasty surgery has shown remarkable progress during the last few decades. A number of factors affect postoperative range of motion, pain and prosthetic durability. Among these factors, the length of the lever arm and joint stability is the ones that can be altered by the selected prosthetic component. It is uncertain how much of the normal anatomy needs to be re-established. Stemless prostheses with total reliance on metaphyseal fixation were introduced in France in 2004 (TESS, Zimmer Biomet). The goals were to avoid stem-related complications. Stemless implants have other potential benefits, including the ability to restore shoulder anatomy. Study I: This is a prospective cohort study of 49 patients with one of two versions of the TESS prosthesis (anatomical or reverse) with clinical and radiological follow-up ranging from 9–24 months. The TESS prosthesis showed short-term results that were comparable with other shoulder prosthetic systems. Study II: This is a prospective comparative non-randomised study of 37 patients (40 shoulders) who underwent TESS reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) with a follow-up ranging from 15–66 months. We found a significant improvement in functional outcome and reduction of pain in both stemmed and stemless groups. Glenoid overhang influenced the occurrence of scapular notching (SN). Study III: This is a radiological study showing that CT had a good reliability and reproducibility in estimating LHO. Study IV: This is a prospective radiological study of 69 patients (70 shoulders) with primary osteoarthritis (OA) who had undergone stemless total anatomical shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This study showed that stemless anatomical TSA could be useful in restoring shoulder anatomy. Study V: This is a prospective study of 44 patients with OA who had undergone stemless anatomical TSA with a clinical and radiological follow up ranging from 12 – 50 months. Our study showed that LHO reconstruction close to the anatomy of a healthy contralateral shoulder improved shoulder function. Stemless anatomical TSA help to restore LHO. Increasing LHO may have a negative effect on shoulder function at three months but had no effect at 12 months. The main conclusions of this thesis are: 1. TSA (anatomic and reverse) using stemless humeral components is reliable if bone quality is adequate. The complication rate is comparable with other shoulder prosthetic systems. 2. Glenoid overhang decreased complications in RSA. 3. LHO measurement on AP radiographs is less reliable and underestimates the distance when compared with CT. 4. Stemless TSA could be of help in reconstructing shoulder anatomy. 5. Shoulder reconstruction close to the anatomy of a healthy contralateral shoulder improves shoulder function.Axelprotes kirurgi har visat avsevärd utveckling under de senaste decennierna. Ett antal faktorer påverkar postoperativt rörelseomfång, smärta och proteshållbarhet. Bland dessa faktorer utgör längden av hävarmen och ledstabilitet de faktorer som kan ändras genom val av proteskomponent. Det är osäkert om den normala anatomin måste återupprättas. Oskaftad protes med eliminering av humerusstamm och tillit till metafysär fixering introducerades i Frankrike år 2004 (TESS, Zimmer Biomet). Målen var att undvika stam relaterade komplikationer. Oskaftat implantat har andra potentiella fördelar, inklusive möjligheten att återställa axelnsanatomi. Syftet med denna avhandling var: (1) Att undersök radiologisk stabilitet av oskaftade axelproteser. (2) Att studera effekten av protes placering vid omvänd axelartroplastik både radiologiska och kliniskt utfall. (3) Att studera tillförlitlighet av mätningen av den laterala humeral offset (LHO), avståndet mellan processus coracoideus till laterala kanten av tuberkulum majus, med användning av CT eller röntgen. (4) Att studera oskaftad axelprotes förmåga att återställa axelnsanatomi. (5) Att studera den kliniska betydelsen av LHO återställning i för det funktionella resultatet efter axelartroplastik. Studie I: Detta är en prospektiv kohortstudie av 49 patienter med en av de två versionerna av TESS (anatomisk eller omvänd) med klinisk och radiologisk uppföljning från 9-24 månader. TESS protes visade lovande resultat på kort sikt med komplikationer som var jämförbar med andra axelprotessystem. Studie II: Detta är en prospektiv jämförande icke-randomiserad studie av 37 patienter (40 skuldror) som opererades med TESS omvänd axelartroplastik med en uppföljning från 15-66 månader. Vi fann en signifikant förbättring av funktion och minskning av smärta i både skaftad och oskaftad grupper. Glenoid overhang bedöms påverka risken för scapular notching (SN). Studie III: Detta är en radiologisk studie som visade att CT hade god tillförlitlighet och reproducerbarhet att mäta LHO. Studie IV: Detta är en prospektiv radiologisk studie av 69 patienter (70 skuldror) med primär artros som hade genomgått oskaftad total anatomisk axelprotes. Denna studie visade att oskaftad axelprotes kan vara till hjälp att återställa axelnsanatomi. Studie V: Detta är en prospektiv studie av 44 patienter med unilateral primär artros som hade genomgått oskaftad total axelprotes med en klinisk och radiologisk uppföljning från 12 - 50 månader. Vår studie visade att LHO rekonstruktion till den friska axeln förbättrar axelfunktion. Oskaftat implantat kan vara av hjälp till att återställa LHO. Ökad LHO kan ha en negativ effekt på axelnsfunktion vid tre månader, men denna effekt påvisade ej vid 12 månader. De viktigaste slutsatserna i denna avhandling är: 1. Oskaftad total axel artroplastik (anatomisk och omvänd) är tillförlitlig om benkvalitén är god med komplikationer som var jämförbar med andra axelprotessystem. 2. Glenoid overhang minskar komplikationer vid omvänd axelartroplastik. 3. LHO mätningen på röntgen är mindre tillförlitlig och underskattar avståndet jämfört med CT. 4. Oskaftad axelprotes skulle kunna vara till hjälp för att rekonstruera axelnsanatomi. 5. Axel rekonstruktion inom anatomi till att efterlikna anatomi på den friska kontralaterala axeln förbättrar axelfunktion.
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Sawyer, Quinton Leroy Prentice William E. "Effects of forward head rounded shoulder posture on shoulder girdle flexibility, range of motion, and strength." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,219.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science (Athletic Training)." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Thigpen, Charles A. Padua Darin A. "Effects of forward head and rounded shoulder posture on scapular kinematics, muscle activity, and shoulder coordination." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,261.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Interdisciplinary Human Movement Science (School of Medicine)." Discipline: Human Movement Science; Department/School: Medicine.
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Runciman, R. John. "Biomechanical model of the shoulder joint." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21385.
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A biomechanical model of the glenohumeral joint has been developed to investigate muscle and joint loading during real life three-dimensional activities. Based on a rigid body mechanics approach, the model incorporates algorithms to correct for curved muscle paths and bone geometry, providing realistic muscle orientation over a wide range of limb positions. An optimization routine has been incorporated, minimizing overall maximum muscle stress in the 26 individual muscle elements considered. The model utilizes anatomical muscle and bone data, subject anthropometric data, kinematics measured using a 6 camera Vicon motion analysis system and hand loading measured using a force-plate and mobile six-component strain gauged force transducer developed for this project. Model stability and sensitivity to input data uncertainties have been investigated. Data used for this was actual subject activity data. Random uncertainties of a known statistical distribution were generated using a Monte Carlo data perturbation technique and superimposed on the subject data. No model instability or unacceptable error magnification was demonstrated in this investigation. A study of real life three-dimensional activities has been conducted using five male subjects. Normalized, averaged muscle and joint forces were calculated for each activity. Using the same five subjects, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activation was measured for the same five activities. Both surface and intra-muscular fine wire electrode techniques were used. Eight muscles including infraspinatus, subscapularis and supraspinatus were instrumented. The resulting EMG data was normalized and averaged for each activity. Muscle activation appears in good agreement with published EMG and our own EMG study. Overall joint compressive and shear forces of up to 7 and 2 times body weight respectively have been calculated. Results of the study indicate glenohumeral joint forces for athletic activities can be as high as 7 times those forces previously predicted in other studies for simple abduction and flexion.
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Davis, Kelly A. "Shoulder Impingement in Water Polo Players." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/324.
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Water polo is a highly dynamic and physically demanding sport that has heretofore not inspired nearly as much research as other overhead sports such as baseball or swimming. As in almost all overhead sports, water polo puts its players at high risks for shoulder injuries since the motions required to perform the sport at an optimum level push the limits of normal shoulder function.
Human shoulders are inherently unstable as a tradeoff to their flexibility. Because of this instability, many structures are required to work concurrently to keep the shoulder in place. These structures include muscles, ligaments and cartilages. It is important to recognize that the shoulder is not a singular joint in itself but rather a highly mobile complex that can perform many nuanced motions.
Shoulder instability can cause a variety of injuries such as impingement, which occurs often among overhead athletes. This malady refers to a pathologic limitation of normal subacromial space that causes structures to be in abnormal contact with each other, which causes abrasive and pinching forces. These forces can result in a range of shoulder maladies including bursitis, tendinitis, and tearing of muscles and ligaments.
Impingement is very apparent in both swimmers and water polo players due to the repetitive stresses present in each sport. In swimmers, impingement has been relatively well researched; the freestyle stroke utilized in water polo, however, is fundamentally different in that water polo players keep their heads and chests erect out of the water with a stroke known as head-up freestyle. Hitherto unknown are the biomechanics of this stroke and the extent to which impingement in water polo players is caused and/or worsened by this form of freestyle.
The proposed research is a two-part study to investigate the biomechanics of water polo head-up freestyle as a first step to understanding its role in impingement in water polo players. First, experienced water polo players with healthy shoulders approved by the IRB committee of Scripps College will be recruited in this study, and their head-up freestyle kinematic sequences and muscle activities will be recorded by synchronized high-speed cinematography and fine-wire electromyography. These data will be compared to those of head-down freestyle in the literature to understand the biomechanical differences between head-up in and head-down.
Part II of the study will recruit experienced water polo players with existing shoulder impingement in addition to those with healthy shoulders in Part I, and their head-up freestyle will be recorded in the same manner. These data will be compared to those in Part I to understand how the head-up stroke differs between impinged and healthy shoulders. This research will provide a basis for the understanding of impingement in head-up freestyle to ultimately increase the safety of the players. Further studies should be conducted to compare the patterns of biomechanical differences between healthy and impinged shoulders in head-up vs. head-down, analyze impingement in each phase of the head-up swim stroke, and investigate how the rate of impingement is altered by fatigue and poor technique.
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Kapoor, Prince. "Shoulder Keypoint-Detection from Object Detection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38015.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents detailed observation of different Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) architecture which had assisted Computer Vision researchers to achieve state-of-the-art performance on classification, detection, segmentation and much more to
name image analysis challenges. Due to the advent of deep learning, CNN had
been used in almost all the computer vision applications and that is why there is
utter need to understand the miniature details of these feature extractors and find
out their pros and cons of each feature extractor meticulously. In order to perform
our experimentation, we decided to explore an object detection task using a particular
model architecture which maintains a sweet spot between computational cost and
accuracy. The model architecture which we had used is LSTM-Decoder. The
model had been experimented with different CNN feature extractor and found their
pros and cons in variant scenarios. The results which we had obtained on different
datasets elucidates that CNN plays a major role in obtaining higher accuracy and
we had also achieved a comparable state-of-the-art accuracy on Pedestrian Detection
Dataset.
In extension to object detection, we also implemented two different model architectures which find shoulder keypoints. So, One of our idea can be explicated as
follows: using the detected annotation from object detection, a small cropped image
is generated which would be feed into a small cascade network which was trained
for detection of shoulder keypoints. The second strategy is to use the same object detection model and fine tune their weights to predict shoulder keypoints. Currently,
we had generated our results for shoulder keypoint detection. However, this idea
could be extended to full-body pose Estimation by modifying the cascaded network
for pose estimation purpose and this had become an important topic of discussion
for the future work of this thesis.
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Бабич, Володимир Андрійович, Владимир Андреевич Бабич, Volodymyr Andriiovych Babych, and A. Magufwa. "Little leaguer's shoulder (proximal humeral epiphysiolysis)." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15965.
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Gregory, Thomas Maurice Stewart. "Glenoid failure in total shoulder arthroplasty." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6977.
Full textAbstract:
Compared to hip and knee, anatomic shoulder arthroplasty is relatively poorly understood, underdeveloped and reported loosening rates are very high, the common cause of failure being glenoid aseptic loosening. The aim of this thesis was first to establish in-vitro and in-vivo CT protocols allowing direct monitoring of glenoid fixation and aseptic loosening and secondly to identify key elements of the procedure that could improve results of prosthetic surgery. First, in-vitro, the ASTM standard method for evaluating loosening of glenoid implants was modified, so that, with the use of CT-scans at regular interval basis, it allows the direct monitoring of the failure observed in the laboratory setting. The failure was observed at the cement-implant interface and progressed from the edges of the implants, both superior and inferior, towards the keel. Secondly, an in-vivo CT protocol was established that eliminates most of the metallic artefacts caused by the humeral head and consequently enhances the visualisation of the radiolucent lines and osteolysis around the glenoid. The link between radiological lucencies and aseptic loosening was confirmed first in a study including 68 cases using this CT protocol, which confirmed the progression of the lucencies over time, and secondly, by the use of Spect-CT. The 3-dimensional spatial (mal)position of the glenoid component and the resulting consequences were analysed in three additional studies. The effect of malposition on clinical results and radiological lucencies; the relationship to the preoperative eroded glenoid and the relationship to polyethylene wear were all investigated. These studies stressed how inaccurately the glenoid components are positioned in clinical practise and that this inaccuracy has a detrimental effect on polyethylene wear; aseptic loosening and ultimately on clinical outcome. Future work should focus on establishing the optimal position of the glenoid implant, and how to achieve this optimal placement in surgical practise.
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Gutiérrez, Sergio. "The biomechanics of reverse shoulder arthroplasty." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003121.
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Hollmann, Luise. "Solving the Enigma of Frozen Shoulder." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17324.
Full textAbstract:
Frozen shoulder is a common shoulder condition affecting 2-5% of the population. It is characterised by the spontaneous onset of pain, stiffness and range of motion (ROM) loss at the shoulder. The exact pathophysiology of frozen shoulder is unclear. However it is commonly believed that a combination of capsular contracture and fibrosis of the rotator cuff interval, the subscapular recess and the coracohumeral ligament lead to global movement restriction of the glenohumeral joint. There is no gold standard clinical test for frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion and relies on the accurate assessment of active and passive ROM. The generally accepted diagnostic criteria for frozen shoulder are active as well as passive movement restriction in at least two planes of shoulder range of motion, one being external rotation. However, the accuracy of active and passive ROM assessment has not been tested in people with frozen shoulder. Further, the evidence of the effectiveness of treatments for frozen shoulder that aim to stretch the presumed tight shoulder structures has been questioned recently. The overall aim of this thesis was to analyse the effectiveness of stretch-based treatments for frozen shoulder and to investigate if capsular contracture is responsible for movement loss in frozen shoulder. Chapter 2 of this thesis contains a systematic review of stretch based treatments for frozen shoulder. The aim of the review was to analyse the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that aim to stretch the tissues of the shoulder region or release the presumed capsular fibrosis. The findings of six high quality randomised controlled clinical trials were reported and discussed. The RCTs included in the study evaluated the effectiveness of manipulation under general anaesthetic (MUA), manual therapy, distension and stretching & strengthening exercises on pain, ROM and function in frozen shoulder. Overall, it was found that mobilisation combined with stretching may result in small gains in passive ROM in the short term compared to stretching and strengthening exercises. Physiotherapy after capsular distension consisting of manual therapy and stretching and strengthening exercise provides no additional benefit in terms of pain, function, or quality of life over sham-ultrasound, but may result in improved active ROM in the short term. However, these improvements may not be clinically significant. Distension, regardless of the medium used to distend the glenohumeral capsule, had no benefit with respect to pain, disability or shoulder abduction and flexion ROM over cortisone injection alone in the short term. Distension with hyaluronic acid lead to a small increase in passive external rotation ROM compared to a glenohumeral corticosteroid injection. MUA did not confers any additional benefit over a home exercise program in terms of pain, function and ROM in people with frozen shoulder Chapter 3 contains a cohort study investigating external rotation ROM and stiffness in healthy shoulders. The effects of sex, handedness, shoulder and body position on active and passive ROM and shoulder stiffness were investigated in twenty healthy participants. The results indicate that passive external rotation ROM was significantly greater than active ROM in people with healthy shoulders. Both active and passive shoulder external rotation ROM were greater when the arm was abducted at 90 degrees compared to lower positions of abduction. There was no difference in active or passive external rotation ROM between dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Female subjects demonstrated significantly more passive external rotation ROM than males. Males had greater stiffness into external rotation range than females in supine but not in other positions. Body position only had an effect on stiffness in males. This study also found that measuring external rotation ROM with the arm by the side yields similar results to external rotation ROM measured in side-lying in 45 degrees of abduction. The latter is not commonly utilised in clinical practice but was the position required for external rotation ROM measurement for the study in Chapter 4 as dictated by the participant position in preparation for shoulder surgery. Finally, Chapter 4 contains a case series of five subjects with global restriction of active and passive shoulder movement of greater than 50% of normal ROM in external rotation and at least one other plane of movement. This study demonstrates that capsular contracture is not a major contributor to movement restriction in all patients who exhibit classical clinical features of frozen shoulder. Although all five cases presented with painful, global restriction of passive shoulder movement, four subjects demonstrated significantly greater abduction range of motion (ROM) and three demonstrated significantly greater external rotation ROM under anaesthesia. These findings highlight the need to reconsider the diagnostic process used for frozen shoulder as well as our understanding of the pathology of frozen shoulder and offers an explanation for why treatments aimed at stretching tight passive structures have not proven to be more effective.
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Gutiérrez, Sergio. "The Biomechanics of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4800.
Full textAbstract:
Rotator cuff deficiency with glenohumeral arthritis presents a unique challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Under these conditions, total shoulder replacement has yielded poor results as a result of eccentric loading of the glenoid leading to loosening and early failure. Multiple procedures have been recommended to resolve this problem including total shoulder arthroplasty, shoulder arthrodesis, and hemiarthroplasty. Hemiarthroplasty, the current standard of care for this condition, offers only limited goals for functional improvement and only a modest improvement in pain.
Recently, there has been renewed interest in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The main concept behind the reverse shoulder implant is the stabilization of the joint by replacing the head of the arm with a socket and placing a ball on the shoulder side. This "reverse" configuration creates a fixed fulcrum through which the deltoid can act more efficiently at raising the arm and thus increasing range of motion and returning the patient to a more normal level of function. This dissertation attempts to fill in some of the gaps in reverse basic science with six published studies. The important results found in these studies were: Implantation of the glenosphere with an inferior tilt reduces the incidence of mechanical failure of the baseplate. A positive linear correlation is present between abduction range of motion (ROM) and center of rotation offset (CORO). When comparing several factors affecting ROM and scapular impingement, CORO had the largest effect on ROM, followed by glenosphere position. Neck-shaft angle had the largest effect on inferior scapular impingement, followed by glenosphere position. Stability is determined primarily by increasing joint compressive forces and, to a lesser extent, by increasing humerosocket depth. There are three distinct classes of arc of motion relative to the articular constraint: I - arc of motion decreased with increased constraint, II - arc of motion with a complex relationship to constraint, and III - arc of motion increased with increased constraint.
The information presented in this dissertation may be useful to the orthopaedic surgeon when deciding on an appropriate reverse implant and improving surgical technique, as well as aiding engineers in improving reverse implant design.
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YANG, XINYI. "Chip Breaking Optimization During Turning Shoulder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217996.
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Poor chip breaking is a normal problem in the field of machining in many manufacturing plants. The researches on chip control has started from the early 1900s, it has developed for more than one hundred years and researchers are still working on it to establish a ‘total’ chip control system. The purpose of this project is chip breaking improvement for reducing downtime and further increasing OEE, because of the problems long chips that cause during a soft turning process. This thesis provides basic theories and existing methods for chip breaking which are helpful to understand chip breaking and to generate solutions for chip breaking optimization. During the project, five concepts are generated and two concepts are tested which are presented in this report. The concept ‘multiple tool paths’, which was verified by tests, could successfully reduce the length of metal chips and improving the performance of chip breaking.Dålig spånbrytning är ett vanligt problem vid maskinbearbetning i många tillverkningsanläggningar. Forskningen om spånbrytning inleddes under tidigt 1900-tal, den har alltså utvecklats i mer än hundra år och forskare arbetar fortfarande med att skapa ett "totalt" spånbrytningssystem. Syftet med det här projektet är att förbättra spånbrytningen för att minska ledtiden och ytterligare öka OEE vid mjukvarvning på grund av de problem som långa chips orsakar. Denna avhandling behandlar grundläggande teorier och befintliga metoder för spånbrytning som är användbara för att förstå spånbrytning och därmed kunna föreslå lösningar för att optimera spånbrytningen. Under projektet skapades fem koncept, varav två provades. Konceptet "flera verktygsbanor" verifierades genom prov. Det visas att det konceptet med framgång kunde minska längden på metallchip och förbättra spånbrytningens prestanda.
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Hyvönen, P. (Pekka). "On the pathogenesis of shoulder impingement syndrome." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514270258.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The pathomechanism of the shoulder impingement syndrome has been under debat. Two main theories of the pathogenesis of the disease exists; mechanical (extrinsic) and degenerative (intrinsic) theory.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the pathogenesis of impingement syndrome with five studies that consentrate to aspects related to ethiopathology as outcome and recovery after surgery, radiological diagnosis, immunohisto- and histopathology of subacromial bursa, and subacromial mechanical pressures.
The good results of 14 shoulders of 96 operated with an open acromioplasty turned painful after an average of 5 (2 - 10) years postoperatively and had developed 6 full-thickness and 4 partial rotator cuff tears. Initially good result is not permanent in all cases, suggesting that a degenerative process is involved in the pathogenesis of impingement syndrome.
Shoulder muscle strengths of 48 patients, who had undergone an open acromioplasty, restored to near normal within one year after open acromioplasty, suggesting that mechanical compression plays a role in the pathogenesis of impingement syndrome.
Variation in the shape of the acromion, evaluated in 111 patients and their matched controls by a routine supraspinatus outlet view, is associated with impingement syndrome, but this association is weak. Validity of this radiograph in the diagnosis of impingement syndrome is therefore a minor adjunct to the other diagnostic methods.
The role of subacromial bursa in impingement syndrome was studied in 62 patients (33 tendinitis, 11 partial and 18 full-thickness RC tear) suffering from a unilateral impingement syndrome and 24 controls. Tenascin-C proved to be a more general indicator of bursal reaction compared to the conventional histological markers, being especially pronounced at the more advanced stages of impingement.
The local subacromial contact pressures measured in 14 patients and 8 controls with a piezoelectric probe were elevated in the impingement syndrome, supporting the mechanical theory.
On the basis of this study, both mechanical and degenerative factors are involved in the pathogenesis of impingement syndrome.
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Dutton, Megan Charmaine. "The cricketing shoulder: biomechanics and analysis of potential injury risk factors to the shoulder in elite cricketers." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31670.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, cricketing literature has explored the disciplines of bowling and batting, with fielding receiving little attention until its importance was highlighted by the introduction of T20 matches. The novelty of this research lies in its clinically meaningful contribution to understanding shoulder injury aetiology in cricketers as overhead throwing athletes. The studies included in this thesis investigate the musculoskeletal profile of a cricketer’s shoulder, as well as the intrinsic factors associated with shoulder injury risk. Further, the influence of some of these risk factors on the cricketers’ overhead throwing biomechanics is explored and intend to improve the development of cricket-specific shoulder injury prevention programmes. An overview of the literature (Chapter 2) includes the epidemiology of shoulder injuries in cricketers; as well as a description of overhead throwing kinematics and the musculoskeletal adaptations associated with overhead throwing in cricket, compared to baseball, which has the greatest volume of throwing related studies. Based on previous outdated definitions of injury and not the current consensus definitions, shoulder injuries in cricket have been reported to occur infrequently. Various injury surveillance studies have identified time-loss shoulder injuries in cricketers, yet none have considered non-time-loss shoulder injuries. Although a limited number of studies have proposed potential intrinsic risk factors to shoulder injury in cricketers, no associations have been found. However, the cricketer’s shoulder is prone to injury due to the high forces generated while repeatedly throwing overhead during fielding. While overhead throwing biomechanics has been well investigated in baseball, minimal research exists for cricket. In addition, the understanding of throwing biomechanics in cricket has relied on two-dimensional motion analysis that is known to be insufficient for the analysis of rotational kinematics and kinetics. Elite (senior national and franchise) cricketers were recruited for this study. This study consisted of two parts. During the first part of the thesis demographic, training, competition and injury history data were obtained; and a shoulder-specific functional questionnaire and pre-season shoulder screening protocol were performed, prior to annual musculoskeletal screening. The incidence of all shoulder injuries were recorded throughout a six month cricket season. A profile of pertinent risk factors was assessed. The second part of the thesis evaluated throwing biomechanics of cricketers. Upper quarter, spinal, pelvic and hip kinematics, as well as shoulder and elbow kinetics were measured during the execution of overhead throwing from a stationary position, and with a run-up. This thesis includes three original papers and two experimental Chapters. The first paper (Chapter 3) documents the incidence of non-time-loss shoulder injuries in elite South African cricketers. Overall, the incidence of shoulder injury in cricketers during the 2016/2017 season was 18%, described as 5% time-loss and 13% non-time-loss injuries. Primary skill and fielding were negatively impacted in 100% and 80% of cricketers who sustained non-time-loss shoulder injuries, respectively. The entire cricket cohort recorded low scores on the shoulderspecific questionnaire, completed pre- and post-season, irrespective of injury history or injury sustained during the 2016/2017 season indicating a generalised reduction in the level of function in overhead activity. Paper 2 (Chapter 4) provides a description of the musculoskeletal profile of a cricketer’s shoulder which is atypical to the “thrower’s paradox” described in baseball. Specifically, cricketers present with a loss in total glenohumeral (GH) rotational range of motion (ROM), GH internal rotation deficit (GIRD) in the absence of external rotation gain (ERG); and global weakness of the rotator cuff and scapula stabilising muscles. Further, dominant shoulder supraspinatus tendon (SsT) thickness ≥5.85mm (sensitivity: 72%, specificity: 63%) and nondominant pectoralis minor length (PML) ≤12.85cm (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 55%) predicted seasonal dominant shoulder injury (p< 0.05). From the findings indicated in Papers 1 and 2 (Chapters 3 and 4) it can be postulated that cricketers are generally a high-risk population for shoulder injury, amongst overhead throwing athletes, due to the lack of shoulder-specific musculoskeletal adaptation frequently observed in other overhead throwing populations. Paper 3 (Chapter 5) and experimental Chapters 6 and 7 investigate the kinematics and kinetics of overhead throwing from a stationary position, with a run-up and the consequence of GIRD in these two throwing approaches. A kinematic description of overhead throwing in cricket is provided and compared to baseball overhead pitching, in Paper 3 (Chapter 5). Maximum external rotation (MER) was regarded as the most critical point for potential shoulder injury in cricketers when throwing overhead from a stationary position. Further, a comparison between playing levels highlighted that amateur cricketers may display an increased risk for shoulder injury at MER as these cricketers were found to have decreased elbow flexion ROM in 2-14% of the throwing cycle (p=0.01), as well as greater shoulder (p=0.021) and elbow (p=0.043) compression and increased superior shoulder force (p=0.022) at MER, when compared to elite cricketers. Findings from experimental Chapter 6 indicate that when throwing with a run-up (dynamic) increased lumbo-pelvic (p=0.02) and hip flexion (p=0.01) occur sporadically in the throwing cycle, compared to throwing from a stationary position (static). In addition, increased shoulder compression (p=0.02) and posterior force (p=0.009) occur at MER, while reduced superior shoulder force (p=0.005) and elbow compression (p=0.03), superior (p=0.002) and medial (p=0.03) forces occur at ball release (BR), when throwing dynamically versus statically. These two Chapters highlight MER as the most critical point for potential shoulder injury in cricketers, which may further be attenuated by the absence of ERG, level of play and throwing from a stationary position while fielding. Experimental Chapter 7 investigated and highlights the potential correlations between GIRD, a frequently described risk factor for overhead athletes, and the other musculoskeletal variables measured, as well as overhead throwing biomechanics from a stationary and runup approach. Greater GIRD was associated with reduced passive hip external rotation ROM on the dominant side (p< 0.03), measured by inclinometer. In addition, increased GIRD was associated with reduced dominant hip abduction ROM during 0-23% of the throwing cycle (p=0.002), and superior shoulder force (p< 0.004) and elbow compression (p< 0.009), when throwing from a stationary position. Finally, greater GIRD was associated with increased posterior shoulder force at maximum internal rotation (MIR), when throwing from a stationary position (p< 0.013) and with a run-up (p< 0.03). These findings suggest that GIRD may negatively influence ball velocity specifically when cricketers attempt to throw overhead from a stationary position. Further, it is postulated that when throwing overhead (irrespective of approach) cricketers may overcome the mechanical insufficiency of GIRD by actively engaging the dominant hip internal rotators, to prematurely rotate the pelvis forward, in order to generate sufficient ball velocity. This may result in cricketers employing a throw across the body, which when repeatedly performed may cause hypertrophy of the dominant hip internal rotators, thereby reducing passive hip external rotation ROM. This biomechanical adaptation to GIRD may contribute to the cricketer’s predisposition for shoulder injury when throwing overhead, or may occur in an attempt to protect the shoulder against further injury. In conclusion, the inherent musculoskeletal profile of this elite cricketing cohort’s shoulder increases injury risk, particularly when throwing overhead. There is a need to investigate the influence of throwing volume, duration of season and player speciality on the musculoskeletal profile of the shoulder and concomitant injury in cricket. It is suggested that modifiable intrinsic factors found to be associated with shoulder injury and the performance of overhead throwing should be appropriately incorporated into injury prevention or pre-season conditioning programmes, to reduce the occurrence of injury. Further research should determine the efficacy of these programmes on shoulder injury prevention and throwing performance, in cricketers.
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Michael, Held. "Reliability of shoulder symptom recall after one year in a retrospective application of the oxford shoulder score." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2842.
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Borie, Craig. "MEDIUM TO LONG TERM IMPACTS ON FORMER PARTICIPANTS OF THE SHOULDER TO SHOULDER GLOBAL BRIGADES TO ECUADOR." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/45.
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Medium to Long Term Impacts on Former Participants of the Shoulder to Shoulder Global Brigades to Ecuador. International service learning and voluntourism programs in global health evoke benefits for both community and the intervener. While it is clear that the Shoulder to Shoulder Global program at the University of Kentucky provides a service to an economically resource poor community in Santo Domingo, Ecuador, what is unclear is the impact these interprofessional experiences have on the participants that travel with the four times a year health brigades. This study proposes to answer the question of what are the educational, personal and professional impacts that brigade participants experience. Alumni of the Shoulder to Shoulder Global health brigades from 2007 – 2017 were sent a twenty-three question survey to better understand the impact of this program. Seventy-five responses to the quantitative and qualitative questions were received and a chi square analysis was performed of subgroups within the seventy-five respondents. The findings indicate that this program has positively impacted participants in all three areas, with strong evidence to show that the impacts are related to the initial and intermediate outcomes, with more data needed to better assess the long-term program outcomes.
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Berry, Jessica R. "Bus on Shoulder: Local Assessment of Shoulder Transit Lane for Regional Buses in San Luis Obispo County." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/263.
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The study looks at the applicability of integrating a Bus Only Shoulder (BOS) into the intermittently congested segment of US 101 in southern San Luis Obispo County. Policy, infrastructure and implementing criteria derived from case studies in Minnesota, Florida and California (San Diego) and the 2007 California Decision Document on BOS are applied to conditions in the region. One measure of performance, time savings, is projected to 2025 to determine the value of integrating the program by that horizon year. Given the substantial potential for time savings in that future year, recommendations are made to create the appropriate policy and infrastructure environment for the program.
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Reid, Machar. "Loading and velocity generation in the high performance tennis serve." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0002.
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[Truncated abstract] Shoulder injuries rank among the most prevalent and debilitating sustained by professional tennis players. The loads, or magnitude, location, direction, duration, frequency, variability and rate of force application, endured by tissues of the shoulder during stroke production, and more particularly the serve, are commonly implicated in shoulder joint injury (Chandler et al., 1992; McCann and Bigliani, 1994; Kibler, 1995). Indeed, past evidence points to these loads increasing along with serve velocity, as well as with varied segment use (Elliott et al., 2003). This dissertation therefore aimed to quantify hypothesised relationships between certain serve types and techniques, and shoulder joint loading among high performance able-bodied and wheelchair players. . . Of final note is that prospective 3D biomechanical examinations of shoulder joint motion in the tennis serve should consider placement of humeral triads distal to the biceps and/or triceps muscle belly. In comparison to markers placed at the mid-point of the humerus (i.e. as used in this thesis), these more distal triad positions appear to alleviate the spurious effects of soft tissue artefact thereby enhancing the accuracy of estimated long-axis rotation of the upper arm. Although the current representation of 3D humeral motion did not confound the comparisons made between serve types or techniques, it is likely that upper arm triads located just above the epicondyles of the humerus could have offered more insightful absolute comparisons to the literature. Further, the elaboration of a joint coordinate system at the shoulder to provide for the more meaningful and functional expression and interpretation of shoulder joint kinetic and kinematic data should also be central to all future, related investigative efforts.
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Harvey, Daniel. "The diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome and associated pathology in the primary care setting." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/768.
Full textAbstract:
Diagnosing shoulder pain conditions is a challenging area of musculoskeletal practice. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a clinical syndrome that indicates pain and pathology involving the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff tendons within the subacromial space. The three stages of SIS are subacromial bursitis, partial thickness and full thickness rotator cuff tears. The cause of SIS is believed to be multi-factorial with both extrinsic and intrinsic factors involved in its pathogenesis. Clinicians have traditionally diagnosed SIS using a clinical examination including a subjective history followed by confirmatory clinical tests. A review of the evidence for diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests highlights that individual tests have poor diagnostic accuracy. A combination of clinical tests or a clinical examination per se may be useful at ruling out rotator cuff tears, but is less accurate at detecting rotator cuff tears when it is present. There is consensus in the literature that particular combinations of signs and clinical features may be useful in diagnosing rotator cuff tears but not for diagnosing SIS. The vast majority of research to date examining the clinical diagnosis of SIS has been focused on individual clinical tests carried out by medical practitioners in specialist and tertiary care settings. This review has established that the majority of diagnostic accuracy studies for SIS and rotator cuff tears have had poor methodological design. This exploratory study was conducted with subjects undergoing a standardized clinical examination (index test) by a physiotherapist. The decision as to which specific tests were chosen for this research was based on supporting research within the literature and the test’s actual use within the New Zealand clinical setting. This included subjective history questions, active and passive shoulder movement tests and eleven SIS tests. Subjects were referred for a diagnostic ultrasound scan immediately following the clinical examination and results from the scan stood as the criterion reference standard. Thirty eight individuals (males n=23, females n=15) with new onset shoulder pain, who met the inclusion criteria, were assessed by a participating physiotherapist. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables of the examination. Individual variables from the clinical examination were tested for their association with the diagnostic ultrasound scan reference criterion using Pearson Chi-Squared Exact test. Potential predictor variables were retained as potential predictors for use in the logistic regression analysis to determine the most accurate set of clinical examination variables for diagnosing SIS and the individual pathological stages of SIS. The results indicate that no historical, subjective or objective features from the clinical examination are accurate in diagnosing SIS or rotator cuff tears. The presence of night pain demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.02) with the criterion reference standard for the presence of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching. Night pain and pain with overhead activity has a high sensitivity for subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present. The absence of night pain and the absence of pain with overhead activity are two subjective phenomena from a clinical examination that are useful in ruling out subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present. Night pain was also found to be the best predictor of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present (P<0.012). Male gender (P<0.034) was the best predictor of partial thickness rotator cuff tears while being 60 years of age or older (P<0.01) significantly correlated with full thickness rotator cuff tears. The Drop Arm Sign (P<0.01) and External Rotation Lag Sign (P<0.01) were significantly correlated with SIS and full thickness rotator cuff tears. Clinical tests for all three pathological stages of SIS and subacromial bursa fluid/bunching being present, had equivalent or if not greater diagnostic accuracy than previous report studies in the literature. The Hawkins-Kennedy Test and Neer Sign can be used in the primary care setting to rule out the presence of subacromial bursa fluid/bunching or SIS if the tests are negative. For mid to end stage SIS (rotator cuff tears) the Empty Can Test and Drop Arm Sign with their high sensitivity can be used to rule out rotator cuff tears especially to the supraspinatus tendon when the tests are negative. Despite the small sample size and other limitations of this study, the findings are an important addition to the current literature surrounding the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for SIS and rotator cuff tears. This is the first study to use physiotherapists as examiners and to be set in a primary care setting. The study is also the first to examine the diagnostic accuracy of a range of historical and subjective features from the clinical examination. The results found in the current study could be used by future studies as a starting point in the development of a clinical decision or prediction rule to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of SIS and rotator cuff tears.
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Gustafsson, Louise. "The effectiveness of an in-patient management program for hemiplegic shoulder pain during rehabilitation and at six-month follow-up /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19292.pdf.
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Nelson, Julia Kathryn. "Shoulder Muscle Electromyography During Diagonal and Straight Plane Patterns of Movement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500786/.
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The purpose of this study was to further investigate the relationship between patterns of shoulder movement and muscular response. Thirteen females were tested against maximal manual resistance in twelve different patterns, eight straight plane, and four diagonal. Five of the six subjects who met established kinematic criteria were used for electromyographic (EMG) analysis of the anterior deltoid (AD), the middle deltoid, the posteroir deltoid (PD), and the pectoralis major. No significant differences were found between number of muscles solicited or duration of muscular effort during the different movements. Maximal EMG was significantly higher for the AD in abduction and in flexion than in the other patterns, and for the PD in diagonal flexion with abduction and in transverse abduction.
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Wattanaprakornkul, Duangjai. "Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns during common rehabilitation exercises in the sagittal plane: an electromyographic study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28925.
Full textAbstract:
Flexion and extension are common functional movements at the shoulder, and these
exercises are normally used in clinical and rehabilitation programs. In the sagittal
plane, bench press and row exercises are also common strength training exercises
that require shoulder flexion and extension movements respectively. Although these
exercises are normally used in clinical and rehabilitation programs, the normal
recruitment patterns of shoulder muscles activated during these exercises are not
clearly understood. Knowledge about muscle activation levels and patterns in these
exercises is required to develop effective, evidence-based therapies for their use in
the treatment of shoulder pathologies.
Electromyography (EMG) provides the most effective way of investigating complex
shoulder muscle activation, and EMG analysis of the shoulder has gained widespread
acceptance. Although there have been previous studies that examined shoulder
muscle recruitment patterns during rehabilitation exercises, they have generally been
limited by poor statistical analyses, lack of data normalization, few muscles
investigated, and lack of standardized loads and movement speeds. Therefore, to
improve the understanding of shoulder muscle recruitment patterns in flexion,
extension, bench press and row exercises, EMG studies with comprehensive analyses
are still required.
In this thesis, shoulder muscle sites in all shoulder muscles groups (RC, torque
producer and scapular positioning muscles) were examined under low, medium and
high load conditions, and were investigated using a combination of surface and
indwelling electrodes. EMG data were normalized to maximum values obtained
during maximum voluntary contractions.
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Yan, David. "Study of shoulder flow zone formation in thick section FSW of 6061 Al alloy using scroll shoulder tool." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/484.
Full textAbstract:
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state welding technology invented at The Welding Institute of UK in 1991. It is versatile and has been widely adopted to join various materials. There has been strong research activity on revealing the details of the material flow pattern in the nugget zone induced by the conventional shoulder tool. However, there is insufficient understanding on the aspects of the scroll shoulder tool design and the shoulder flow zone formation utilizing this type of tool. The major objective of this study was to conduct experiments, analyse results and then reveal the shoulder flow zone forming mechanism for the scroll shoulder tool. The method used was to identify the flow pattern in the shoulder flow zone using a ‘marker insert’ technique, and then to suggest the forming mechanism of the shoulder flow zone based on the obtained flow pattern; although the ‘marker insert’ technique has never been used to study the shoulder flow zone flow pattern induced by the scroll shoulder tool. Experiments were conducted to examine the thick sections 6061 aluminium ‘marker insert’ welds, which were welded using a scroll shoulder tool at a range of welding parameters. These were followed by quantifying the mass of the accumulated work piece material within the scroll groove (pick up material-PUM), evaluating the effect of welding parameters on the shoulder flow zone formation, and documenting the shoulder flow zone flow pattern. The major finding was that there is a simple banded structure which forms in a layer to layer manner in the bottom portion of the shoulder flow zone, but it disappears in the top portion of the shoulder flow zone. Accordingly, the forming mechanism of the shoulder flow zone for the scroll shoulder tool was suggested as follows. Firstly, the tool pin is plunged into the work piece; the work piece material is extruded by the pin and pushed up into the scroll groove forming the PUM. Secondly, after the tool shoulder is plunged into the work piece to a certain depth, the scroll groove is fully filled up with the PUM. Finally, during the forward movement of the tool, the central portion of PUM is driven downward by the root portion of the pin and then detaches from the pin (tip portion) in a layer to layer manner. It has also found that the thickness of the shoulder flow zone varies with a thicker on the advancing side than on the retreating side, and there is a positive linear relationship between the mass of PUM and the weld quality. This study has revealed for the first time the forming mechanism of the shoulder flow zone, and has improved the understanding of the shoulder flow zone formation using a scroll shoulder tool. It is recommended that a ‘shoulder-breaking’ technique is developed to break the rotating shoulder suddenly and hence embed it into the work piece during FSW, in which a real-time shoulder-work piece couple could be produced for a better three-dimensional examination of the shoulder flow zone.
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Aita, Antonello. "Extended Hubbard model with soft-shoulder interaction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13999/.
Full textAbstract:
Recenti studi riguardanti gli Atomi di Rydberg hanno mostrato che, tali sistemi realizzano una peculiare interazione che sembra essere attiva soltanto entro una distanza finita.
A partire da questa osservazione negli ultimi anni sono stati svolti studi teorici e sperimentali volti a descrivere le peculiari caratteristiche di tali sistemi.
Un’analisi particolarmente interessante `e stata fatta focalizzando su sistemi unidimensionali implementati con bosoni hard-core e fermioni spinless, da cui è stato osservato che dal diagramma di fase si distinguono tre fasi: una prima che sembra soddisfare il paradigma dei liquidi di Luttinger, una seconda che ricalca una struttura critallina, ed una terza che si comporta come un liquido di Luttinger di cluster. Dove per cluster sono intesi particolari aggregati di particelle che vengono a formarsi in funzione del rapporto tra il raggio di interazione e la densita’ di particelle nel sistema.
In questo lavoro è stato esteso lo studio a sistemi a due specie fermioniche, cercando di osservare il diagramma di fase solo in un particolare caso limite della teoria definito “limite ad una specie”.
Da questa analisi si è dimostrato che in questo limite la struttura del diagramma di fase sembra ricalcare perfettamente quanto visto per i casi precedenti, in pieno accordo con le attese teoriche.
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Fischer, Claudia. "Ergebnisse der konservativen Behandlung bei Frozen shoulder." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-1327.
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Khoschnau, Shwan. "Soft Tissue Aspects of the Shoulder Joint." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168236.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to study different aspects of the soft tissues of the shoulder joint. The variation in the quality of the tendons and ligaments can be explained by genetic factors. To test the hypothesis that collagen 1 α1 Sp1 polymorphism is related to the occurrence of cruciate ligament ruptures and shoulder dislocations, a total of 358 patients (233 patients with cruciate ligament ruptures and 126 with shoulder dislocations) were included in the study. We found a decreased risk of these injuries associated with collagen type 1 α1 Sp1 polymorphism. To study the mechanical properties of a better type of fixation of soft tissue to bone, 10 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were operated bilaterally on the knees. The medial collateral ligaments were fixed by two types of plates one with a flat undersurface and the other with a pegged undersurface. After 4 weeks the force at failure, stiffness and energy uptake was almost double in the knees operated with the pegged plates. The prevalence and dysfunction of rotator cuff tears was investigated in 106 subjects who had never sought for their shoulder complaints, using Constant score, ultrasound and plain x-ray. The prevalence of full-thickness cuff tears was 30% (21% of all shoulders). The Constant score was lower in subjects with full-thickness tears. Partial-thickness tears and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis had no impact on shoulder complaints or Constant score. The subacromial index was lower for shoulders with full-thickness tears. Forty-eight patients with median age 56 years underwent subacromial decompression with or without acromioclavicular joint resection, investigated with MRI pre- and 3 months postoperatively. The Constant score and subjective shoulder value were measured preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months after surgery and even 2 years for subjective shoulder value. Two raters investigated the MRI. The results showed poor inter-rater reliability for MRI. However, both Constant score and subjective shoulder value improved over time. MRI is not a reliable method to study the capsular reaction after subacromial decompression due to high subjectivity of the radiologists.
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Kontaxis, Andreas. "Biomechanical analysis of reverse anatomy shoulder prosthesis." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3627.
Full textAbstract:
This study uses adaptation of an established 3-D biomechanical shoulder model (Newcastle Shoulder Model) to investigate the biomechanical properties of reverse shoulder replacements that have become popular for severe rotator cuff arthropathy. The prosthetic model describes the DELTA® III geometry and can predict muscle and joint contact forces for given motion. A custom contact detection algorithm was developed to investigate the impingement problem. Results showed that the reverse design increases deltoid function by providing sufficient moment arm (42% increase compared to normal anatomy) and restores joint stability by reversing the envelope of joint contact forces. The data showed a good agreement with other biomechanical models. Further in this study scapula and arm kinematics of a group of DELTA III prosthetic subjects were recorded and compared with normal shoulder activity. The scapula kinematics showed increased lateral rotation and even if it is highly variable within the subjects (range:1.2-1.8 times the normal). there is a trend showing that good recovery shoulders have small change in their scapula rhythm and vice versa. The arm kinematics showed that even if the prosthetic subjects were able to complete most activities there was a variable range of humeral movement. Compared to the normal group the average elevation values were high but the internal/external humeral rotation was significantly smaller. The kinematic data were further used and analysed with the model and the results showed large differences in glenoid loading compared to normal shoulders. where there is an increase in superior (range:12%-52% bodyweight) and antero-posterior shear forces (range:8%-39% bodyweight). Impingement results predicted scapula bone notches similar in shape and volume with the literature which was impossible to eliminate without design modifications. The adapted prosthetic model was successfully used to analyse the biomechanics of a reverse design and provide a useful dataset that can be further used for design optimisation.
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Lawrence-Tayler, Terri M. "Shoulder function-dynamic assessment with further applications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251096.
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