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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shortages'
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Arbaeen, Abrar Fawzi S. "Platinum anticancer drug shortages." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21128.
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The platinum-based chemotherapy drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin remain, despite their long-term use, as integral components in the treatment of more than 25 different human cancers. As such, shortages in their supply can have serious health and societal impacts on both the outcome and welfare of patients and on the healthcare systems as a whole. As all three drugs are no longer under patent protection, they are supplied in Australia, the U.S. and the U.K. by between four and 17 different pharmaceutical companies, which reduces the risk of drug shortages. Determining the number and impact of platinum drug shortages in various regions of the world is difficult because legislation to monitor shortages has only been passed recently. All three drugs have suffered from shortages since 2017 with the most common shortage being due to discontinuation of the drug by the company. Other causes include production disruptions, changes in customer demand, problems in supply such as transport and storages, and other reasons. The median duration of drug shortage is 22 days (shortest and longest supply shortages are 3 and 79 days, respectively). Shortages appear to be rare in developed western countries and western European countries, but more common in eastern European countries where platinum drugs are never available or are available only half of the time. This project highlights the lack of information available on platinum drug shortages and the end to further examine platinum drug shortages in regions that are more likely to be impacted, such as Africa, south-east Asia, central and southern America, and the Middle East.
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Moges, Ashenafi. "Food shortages in Harerge region of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304979.
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Iloabachie, Eric Ik. "Strategies to Minimize Direct Care Worker Shortages." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5204.
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There is a worldwide shortage of direct care workers who help older adults in their own homes. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that owners of home health care businesses can use to retain adequate direct care workers for their businesses. Five home care agency owners from Wake County, North Carolina, participated. Each owner had successfully implemented strategies to ensure adequate caregivers to sustain the business. Human relations theory was used to address the business problem. Data collection involved interviewing the 5 owners of home care agency businesses in their offices. Through a process of methodological triangulation, observations and documentary evidence supplemented data collected through semistructured interviews. Deductive and inductive coding were used to arrange and identify 3 emergent themes: company reputation, training and career development, and the role of government. The results of this study may contribute to social change because home care agency owners and other business owners can use the findings to improve on their treatment of low income workers which may help eradicate discrimination to ethnic minorities.
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Xingwana, Lumkwana. "Management perceptions regarding skills shortages in gold mines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007959.
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The skills shortages in mining and mineral sector had existed for a decade and had a widespread effect on South Africa economy. It affects the level of economic productivity and reduces the country’s capacity to develop a knowledge society. This, in turn, affects the country’s functioning in the global economy. Despite the sector’s best efforts, the shortages continue to grow and threaten the delivery of projects and growth plans. Some researchers contend with the view that the persistence of skills shortages in mining and mineral sector is largely due to entrenched attitudes among both the industry and the community. They claim that employers have the means to change the educational profile of the subsectors by appointing recruits with higher levels of schooling. However, owing to the limited number of higher educated people living in the communities surrounding the mining operations and lack of interest in mining of people with higher levels of education, to name but few, employers are perceived to have a habit of employing people with little skills. The current study was aimed at investigating the impact of skills shortage on organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability, from the management perceptive. The main objective of this study was to incorporate and embed previous research findings and theories into a comprehensive hypothetical model. A hypothetical model showed various factors that may influence skills shortage. Four independent variables (working environment, employment conditions, resources and education and training) were identified as variables that may influence skills shortage; and mediating variable (skills shortage) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect dependent variables (organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability) of gold mining sector. Furthermore, eight hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalized with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. A purposive sample of 343 respondents was drawn from the population. A seven-point Likert scale and structured questionnaire were administered in person to the respondents and of which 300 were usable and subjected further to several statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using significant effect p< = 0.001 and Pearson’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Data gathered were fed to and analysed by STATISTICA (version 10) and factor analysis and regression analyses were the statistical procedures used to test the significance of the relationships between the various independent and dependent variables. Consequently, working environment, resources and education and training were three independent variables that were identified as having ability to predict propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability. An attempt was made to establish whether various demographic variables have an influence on mediating and dependent variables through the introduction of gender and position in the organisation while conducting an Analysis of Variance and Multiple linear regressions, but they obtained negative values. The conclusion is that demographic variables do not have over mediating and depended variables. The findings of this study states that with conducive working environment, availability of resources, the high levels of education and training, the country could produce skills that would reduce propensity to leave, drive competitive advantage and sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurship, create competitive advantages and boost employment sustainability.
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Kelleher, Michael. "Skills shortages and work reorganisation in British manufacturing." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334371.
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Lidvall, Adam. "Relative wages and labour shortages : Evidence from Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97604.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look into the relationship between relative wage and labor shortage in the Swedish labor market. This relationship is expected to be positive since wage increases are often used as a mechanism to counter shortages. To look into this relationship the seemingly unrelated regression model (SUR), as well as the random effects model are introduced. The results indicate that there exists a positive relationship between relative wage and shortage for occupations with higher degree of shortage and a negative relationship for occupations with no or low degree of shortage. From the results, the evidence suggests that relative wage is a good mechanism for countering shortages, but not a sufficient one.
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Peterson, Jody-Kay McFarlane. "Strategies for Managing the Shortages of Registered Nurses." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4015.
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The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that healthcare facility leaders in Central Minnesota use to recruit and retain qualified nurses. Participants were 6 healthcare facility leaders including 2 nursing directors, 2 human resource personnel, 1 nurse supervisor/administrator, and 1 nurse recruiter who had the knowledge and experience in recruitment and retention of Registered Nurses (RNs) in healthcare facilities in Central Minnesota. The Herzberg 2-factor theory was the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Morse's 4 steps data analysis process. The major themes were recruitment strategies and retention incentives. The recruitment strategies were the various hiring methods participants used to attract and gain RNs, and the retention incentives were the benefits that motivated and retained RNs. Participants relied on both recruitment strategies and retention incentives to manage the shortages of RNs. The results provide healthcare facility leaders with additional information about how to successfully recruit and retain qualified RNs, which may lead to a larger and potentially satisfied nursing population. Social implications include strengthening the nursing workforce, increasing productivity for healthcare facilities, providing better customer service and increased patient satisfaction, and contributing to more satisfied RNs and families, as well as helping the local communities and the economy.
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Itsekor, Lucky Ubini. "Mitigating Petroleum Product Shortages in the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5088.
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In Nigeria, almost every business enterprise relies on petroleum products for power or transportation. Shortages of petroleum products cripple business activities and undermine development of the Nigerian economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore supply chain management strategies needed by petroleum business leaders to mitigate shortages and sustain business development in Nigeria. The sample for the study included 10 senior leaders from 2 private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation, resulting in the identification of 6 themes: appropriate allocation of resources to all segments of the supply value chain for efficiency, efficient banking and foreign exchange operations, engaging appropriate human capital for operational efficiency, technology application in both operational and nonoperational segments, maintaining good organization reputation in the industry, and investment in Nigerian crude oil refining and infrastructures. Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient supply chain management, leading to product availability, employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and economic development.
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Diergaardt, Johannes Godfree. "An examination of shortcomings in inventory management and control in selected Saldanha Bay firms." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1067&context=td_cput.
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Vikström, Hanna. "The Specter of Scarcity : Experiencing and Coping with Metal Shortages, 1870-2015." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi och historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219409.
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In spite of an ever-growing supply of metals, actors have long feared metal shortages. This thesis – departing from an understanding that metals scarcity is not an objective geological fact, but an experience, a fear of a shortage – explores why business and state actors have experienced metals as scarce and how they coped with scarcity from 1870 to 2015. The underlying reasons for scarcity experiences originated in high prices, a lack of substitutes, domestic unavailability, limited infrastructure and increased demand. In the view of businesses and the state, a shortage of metals could hinder successful industrialization. Defining metals as scarce was a first step in their attempts to ensure access through exploration, recycling, substitution, and trade agreements. This dissertation presents five case studies which provide insights into three selected aspects of metals scarcity that have been overlooked in previous studies. First, while small countries experienced and coped with metals scarcity in a similar way to large nations, they were more vulnerable because of their dependence on transnational flows controlled by larger countries. Yet if they remained neutral in international conflicts, they could enjoy other opportunities to import resources than their larger rivals. Second, industries experienced metals scarcity before World War I; with the onset of the Second Industrial Revolution, at the very latest, new technologies were often dependent on metals which had never before been used commercially – there were not yet any extraction systems in place. However, once these metals began to circulate, state actors became aware of the international traffic and began to classify certain metals as critical. Thirdly, technological change has affected – and been affected by – metals scarcity. If a metal was scarce, manufacturers were likely to embark on a different path to production. Inversely, sometimes new technologies were able to alleviate perceptions of scarcity.QC 20171206
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Lepine, Irène. "Shortages of skilled blue collar workers in the machining trades in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75702.
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The objective of this thesis is to examine the evidence of and responses to shortages of skilled blue collar workers in the machining trades--tool and die makers and machinists--in the Montreal metropolitan region. The period studied is 1974 to 1981 and the study focuses on employer behaviour.It was found that data available from government sources documenting the supply and demand for thee occupations are generally inadequate. The research underlines that one of the fundamental difficulties in compiling net supply and demand figures for these occupations is the pinning down of skill levels involved. Employers' definitions of skill are therefore analyzed.
This research indicates that organizational factors appear to influence the recruitment process as well as the choice of adjustment measures. It was found that employers dispose of and use many measures to respond to shortages. Specifically it was found that the adjustment process does not take place only through changes in wage rates. Rather employers will tend to favour adjustment measures that maintain existing arrangements within firms and preserve management discretion.
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Lee, Suk. "Food shortages and economic institutions in the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2505/.
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This thesis aims to understand the 1987-99 food crisis in the DPRK. We begin by establishing the fact that the country faced several previous food shortages, including the 1945-46 urban foods crisis, the 1954-55 rural food crisis and the 1970-73 food shortage, all of which triggered and motivated corresponding institutional changes in agriculture. And we find that in order to overcome repeated food shortages the country has developed several distinctive economic institutions such as administrative/quantitative production control in agriculture, state grain marketing, food rationing, central monopoly of agricultural trade and supplementary food supply institutions. On the basis of this finding, we proceed into the analysis of the food crisis. Specifically, three controversial issues are examined. First, did it escalate into famine? If it did, how severe was the famine? Second, what was the causation of the famine? How did it unfold and what features did it have? Third, did the food crisis change the DPRK agriculture? With respect to the first issue we estimate the number of excess deaths during the food crisis using official population figures. It shows that there existed a famine that claimed 688 thousand excess deaths in 1994-99. For the second issue we argue that the famine had several unique features. First it was ‘absolute food availability decline (FAD) famine’ in which no policies were feasible to prevent it. Second, it was urban famine where industrial population in the north-eastern part of the country suffered most. Third, it was ‘famine-in-slow motion’ that victims persistently weakened for a long period rather than perished in a short space of time, due to the mixed result of massive FAD and systematic national coping strategies. Concerning the final issue we show that it is not necessarily true that the food crisis genuinely changed the DPRK agriculture as generally conceived.
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Fung, Chi-kuen Eric, and 馮志權. "A study of teacher shortages and the government's response in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964928.
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Harris, Christopher Nicholas. "Climate change-induced water shortages : improving decision-making in an uncertain future." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5164/.
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An innovative approach to translating probabilistic UKCP09 weather generator information into a usable and replicable risk-based climate change impacts assessment and a basis for robust adaptation planning in the England and Wales water sector is described. Applying metrics of risk in the form of crossing control curves at a reservoir, quantitative assessments of the extent to which a Water Resource Zone (WRZ) can be considered robust to climate change-induced water shortages given the application of adaptations options are made. It is shown in a case study of the North Staffordshire WRZ that in its current set-up, the system cannot be deemed robust to climate change from the 2030s onwards. Applying demand and supply-side adaptation options to the WRZ increases the robustness of the system to varying extents. The approach used shows that it is possible to make decisions on how the WRZ can be made robust to future conditions by identifying key metrics of risk, and applying an acceptable probability of not satisfying that risk in the future. Furthermore, a novel analysis of two sources of uncertainty involved in climate change assessments is produced in terms of water shortage probability for the first time, and two downscaling techniques are assessed.
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Mbeki, Sisa. "Causes, effects and impact of shortages of skilled artisans on contractor productivity." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1062.
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A dissertation submitted to the Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology Construction ManagementThis study investigated the causes and impact of the effects of shortages of skilled artisans on contractor productivity. The objectives of the study were as follows: (i) to identify causes of shortages of skills during the construction production phases; (ii) to define the effects of shortages of skills during the production phase of a project; (iii) to examine how to deal with shortages of skills when they happen; (iv) to determine ways in which the shortage of skills may be reduced; (v) to determine whether shortages of skills cause poor contractor performance. The study was inspired by many international and local studies demonstrating a lack of concern for the impact of shortages of skilled artisans on project performance, and their effects on project time. The research method adopted for study was a survey of construction sites and staff within the NMC group in the Cape Peninsula metropolitan area of the Western Cape Province. The study collected data from 65 participants from 10 different NMC sites. The participants in the survey included Project managers, site managers, quantity surveyors and artisans on sites. The findings of the study revealed that there is lack of formal training of artisans; performance of artisans is not highly regarded and there is lack of motivation, these factors contribute to the shortages of skilled artisans. It is also evident that shortage of skills causes’ poor contractor performance and leads to poor quality of work. The researchers also found that, setting out errors occur due to lack of coordination between the main contractor and subcontractors and the lack of skills on the part of the artisans. In addition, inexperience on the side of the leading hand and / or supervisor and trades foremen and their inability to interpret the drawings contributed to rework during construction phase. A reason also given for shortage of artisans is that young people are afraid to get their hands dirty. Young people would rather work with computers than for engineering and its associated professions. It is recommended that to increase the supply of artisans some measures will have to be implemented to encourage young people to become artisans.
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Fung, Chi-kuen Eric. "A study of teacher shortages and the government's response in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17506499.
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Scioli, Adrian Grant. "Leadership Strategies for Addressing U.S. Pharmaceutical Drug Shortages and Supply Chain Disruptions." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3835.
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Health care providers in the United States expend more than $400 million in unnecessary direct costs annually managing the effects of widespread drug shortages. Based on the theory of complexity and complex adaptive systems, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to identify the strategies that health care pharmaceutical procurement leaders from the Eastern region of the United States use to address widespread drug shortages. Data were collected from 5 semistructured interviews with pharmaceutical procurement leaders, recorded field notes, and a review of public documents from company websites. Data analysis included deductive and open coding techniques. Emergent themes included: (a) proactive planning for supply chain and distribution channel disruptions, (b) creating strategic processes for alternative procurement methods, and (c) relying on proven sources of actionable information. Findings may influence business practices for health care procurement leaders by contributing new knowledge to develop strategies to address disruptions and drug shortages. Health care policy makers may use the findings to assess key strategies in delivering pharmaceutical products from manufacturers to end users.
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Winstanley, D. "Skill shortages and the changing structure of labour markets in high technology industry : Case studies in technological staff recruitment in Hampshire." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233006.
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Aberg, Theresa Perrow. "Pursuit of the Principalship." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48431.
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The school principal is one factor in student success. As the number of principals needed increases (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008) and the number of principals eligible to retire rises (Briggs, Cheney, Davis, and Moll, 2013), there is concern about a potential shortage of applicants. This potential shortage has been documented in professional literature and state reports, including Arkansas (Carnine, Denny, Hewitt, and Pijanowski, 2008), Massachusetts (Militello and Behnke, 2006), North Carolina (North Carolina Association of School Administrators, 2005), and Vermont (Hinton and Kastner, 2000). One concern of those who predict a shortage of qualified applicants for the principalship is that educators complete principal preparation programs but do not pursue positions. Various reasons for this reluctance to apply have been expressed, including the time, responsibility, and salary that are incommensurate with the demands of the position.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between those more willing and those less willing to apply for principal or assistant principal positions once they have completed preparation programs for school leaders. Interviews conducted with graduates of principal preparation programs were used to identify variables that may affect the willingness to apply for principal positions. The identified variables were formed into a questionnaire that was administered to a larger sample of graduates of principal preparation programs with faculty affiliated with the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration using the Virginia Tech on-line survey maker.
Encouragement by others was an influence in the willingness to apply for the principalship in both the qualitative and quantitative portions of this research. While salary correlated with the willingness to apply in the quantitative portion of the research, it was not a strong factor in the qualitative portion of the research. Non-married respondents were more willing to apply for principal positions.
Other factors mentioned by respondents in the qualitative portion of the research were not significant influences on the willingness to apply for the principalship or were not measured reliably in the quantitative portion of the research. These factors were the activity of the position, competence, stress, and the time commitment of the principalship.Ed. D.
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Lubbe, Thomas Arnoldus. "The impact of skills shortage in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning industry in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3102.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020This thesis examined the impact skills shortage among artisans in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) field have on the industry. The rationale for this investigation is based on the view of engineers and company owners in the HVAC industry that there is a dire need to train more artisans and to improving the skills of already qualified artisans. The thesis employed a mixed method research approach and reviewed relevant literature. Empirical data was obtained from HVAC contracting companies being members of the South African Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors Association (SARACCA) in the Western Cape. The study demonstrates that there is a shortage of skilled and qualified artisans in the HVAC industry. Although there are individuals within the HVAC industry who are passionate about training, their efforts cannot supply the whole industry with knowledgeable qualified artisans. More emphasis should be placed on basic education, the level of artisan training, continuous training of qualified artisans and the retention of skilled artisans. Based on the findings, the study concluded that skilled artisans and poor quality workmanship is being experienced on a continuous basis. The lack of skilled artisans and the cost implication to obtain skilled artisans force companies to employ unskilled labour. It is recommended that the industry should work closer with government agencies to ensure that training being offered by private training institutions and colleges is aligned with the industry requirements. This together with an improved education system will secure skilled artisans.
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Thomson, Elspeth Bliss. "The development of China's coal industry, 1949-1978 : towards an analytical model." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343040.
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Wilde, Laura Michelle. "Implications of Academic Pathway to Teaching in Utah: Does Alternative Certification Alleviate Teacher Shortages?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8111.
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The Academic Pathway to Teaching (APT) licensure was introduced in 2016 to expand the supply of teachers in Utah. Since then, there has been no formal evaluation of the licensure or the teachers teaching with an APT license. The goals of this study were to explore the effects of the APT licensure on teacher turnover in Utah and to analyze how mentoring experience and teacher self-efficacy were related to the attrition of this population of teachers. This mixed-methods study used data from the Utah State Board of Education to calculate rates of teacher turnover of APT candidates (N=456) for each cohort and school year from 2016-17 to 2017-18. In addition, a survey was sent to current and previous APT candidates with questions on mentoring, self- efficacy, and opinions of the licensure. By their second year of teaching, 41% of the 2016-17 cohort had left teaching in Utah or moved schools. The 2017-18 cohort had a teacher turnover rate of 16%. Although analyses of variance of survey items found no relationship between self- efficacy and attrition, they did find that APT candidates who were still teaching had significantly more frequent and impactful mentoring experiences. Furthermore, data from the open-ended survey responses supported these findings and identified another variable related to the success of APT candidates: previous teaching experience. Although this study is limited by a small survey respondent group of APT candidates who had left teaching (N=13), the implications of this research can shape inform policy decisions regarding alternative certification in Utah.
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Harper, Benjamin C. "Root cause analysis and mitigation paths for persistent inventory shortages to an assembly area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43835.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).
The strategic alignment of a company impacts the culture of the organization, which in turn reinforces the strategic alignment. The corporate behavior resulting from the combination of alignment and culture determines the organization's ability to handle disruption and change. This thesis explores the intersection of these two elements in the context of experience gained at Spirit AeroSystems through an internship. The importance of alignment and culture of Spirit comes to light in observing the response of different parts of the organization to a supply shock caused by an industry wide titanium and aluminum shortage. A method to analytically assess delinquent part delivery and determine the optimal balance of increased upstream labor capacity versus downstream cost avoidance is presented. This information requires a supportive organizational structure to be utilized fully, and the form of this structure depends heavily on the existing culture to determine its viability. Several organizational structures are proposed to internalize the external costs of delinquency, and the cultural viability of these options is explored. The key attributes of this viable, effective structure are control by the Fuselage customer and cultural infusion and strategic coordination with Supply Chain Management.
by Benjamin C. Harper.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Baatjies, Wesley James. "Management of water shortages in a selected municipality in the Eden District, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1674.
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Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Masters of Technology: Public Management
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe focus of the study is the Eden District, George municipal area, Western Cape Province, South Africa, which was severely affected by the worst ever drought in 132 years from 2009-2011 (Bamford, 2009). The reduced rainfall impacted negatively on urban water supplies for the area. In 2009 the Member of the Executive Committee (MEC) for Local Government in the province requested that George Municipality draw up specific measures to be implemented when water resources (in dams and rivers) dropped to certain levels. Plans for possible future drought situations, periods of low rainfall, or insufficient raw water resources, have been done put in place for the needs of the residents of the focus area. The research problem of this study encompasses the assessment of the interventions put in place to address the shortage of water, particularly the implementation thereof, and the strategies and mitigations that contributed to the alleviation of the water shortage. The core objective of the research was to investigate the implementation of the water interventions (water restrictions) authorised to address the water shortages in George, in November 2009. This study employed a qualitative research approach where in-depth interviews were conducted with purposely selected individuals employed in the George Municipality Civil Engineering Services Department, and its Water Services and Disaster Department sections as they could provide first-hand information on the measures implemented to alleviate the problem and on the water shortage status. The research findings indicate that many short-term strategies provided a substantial reduction in overall water usage. The implementation of the strategies and mitigation measures were useful to the various departments in the George Municipality in tangible ways to help manage the water shortages. George Municipality should continue to market water restriction awareness to the public even though the George is no longer experiencing water shortages. The Municipality should adapt to deal with longer and more frequent periods of water shortages. Available tools (e.g. drought policy and by-laws) should be revised and adapted to establish appropriate measures under changing conditions.
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Smith, Jeffrey O'Neal. "A Look at the Factors That Affect Superintendents Tenure, and Candidate Shortages in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27001.
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The Commonwealth of Virginia has implemented the Standards of Learning which are designed to ensure that students meet certain benchmarks at various points in their elementary and secondary educational careers. President George W. Busch signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which is intended to ensure that all children succeed academically. Each of these mandates incorporates levels of accountability to which school administrators, especially the superintendent, must adhere.
Recent studies indicate that the expectations for today's superintendent demand greater accountability and that the current systems, known as the standards movement, undermine the authority of the superintendency (Guthrie, 2003). These factors, according to Guthrie (2003), lead to a shortage in the profession (Guthrie, 2003).
Research indicates that the average superintendent's tenure is six to seven years (Natkin, et al., 2002), that there is a national shortage of superintendent applicants (Cooper, et al., 2000), and that the quality of the applicant pool is diminishing (Glass, 2001). This study examines two independent variables, the Standards of Learning (SOL) and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), to determine the effect these variables have on the tenure of school superintendents in Virginia.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the increased accountability with state and federal mandates, in particular Standards of Learning (SOLs), No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and other influences on superintendent tenure in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A survey instrument was utilized to answer the following questions: (1) What is the relationship, if any, between the Standards of Learning and the superintendent tenure? (2) What is the relationship, if any, between the No Child Left Behind Act and the tenure of the superintendent? (3) What is the relationship, if any, of other influences on the superintendent tenure?
The data received from superintendents in Virginia was entered into SPSS and disaggregated by age, gender, race, years of experience as superintendent, number of years as superintendent in current district, enrollment, Adequate Yearly Progress status, and number of schools in respondent's district. The findings of this study revealed that of the superintendents who responded, 95% believe that the SOLs have had a positive impact on education in Virginia. Superintendents indicated that the SOLs are not a factor in their tenure as evidenced by 94% of the superintendents who revealed that they have not considered leaving the profession as a result of the SOLs.
This study also revealed that superintendents in Virginia, 71% responding to the survey, believe that NCLB has not had a positive impact on education in Virginia. However, NCLB does not factor into superintendents' decisions to leave the profession or retire. In addition, other influences regarding superintendent tenure were revealed. This study revealed that local politics, evening responsibilities, pressure by the community to meet accreditation standards are not factors that affect superintendent tenure. However, superintendents indicated that interactions with the School Board could have an adverse affect on their tenure in the district as evidenced by 96% of the respondents.Ed. D.
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Woldesenbet, Almaz Bekele. "The impact of electricity shortages on large- and medium-scale manufacturing industries in Ethiopia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6681.
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This study examines the impact of electricity shortages on the Large- and Medium-Scale Manufacturing Industry (LMSMI) in Ethiopia, using data obtained from a case study of 16 LMSMI firms that was undertaken in Addis Ababa from January 2004 to February 2004. In addition, the study examines the causes of these electricity shortages. Ethiopia's electricity supply relies very heavily on hydroelectric power, with geothermal, natural gas, solar, coal and diesel together providing only 1% of the total electricity supply. Significant power shortages occurred in the years 1995/96, 1997/98 and 1999/2000, with a particularly severe power shortage happening in 2002/03. The causes of these included a general increase in electriCity demand, without a corresponding increase in installed hydropower capacity, and a sustained period of drought. The case study findings showed that power outages were particularly costly in the LMSMI sector, through production and raw materials losses, damage to equipment, and the additional investment and operating costs of self-generation among those firms that purchased and used their own diesel generators as a backup source of electriCity. The case study results indicated that power outages caused firms without backup generators to lose approximately 15% to 30% of their potential production in 2002/03. Even in the other years when the power shortages were less severe, losses could reach up to 10%. By extrapolating the sampled firms' production losses to the total number of LMSMI firms in the country, it can be estimated that the country may have lost 10% to 15% of total yearly gross value of production that could have contributed from this sector and 1 % to 3% of total yearly government revenue. In the past, because of the low level of development in the Ethiopian LMSMI sector, the costs of power outages on this sector had not been as big, despite their high frequency. It is envisaged that, when the country's economy grows and the government's new policy (the Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization strategic plan) increases the economy's dependence on LMSMI production, then power outages would certainly have a much greater impact on the LMSMI sector as well as on the total economy of the country. In order to avoid this, therefore, some of the constraints which contributed to power shortages in the past (such as poor planning and governance, bad decision-making, and a lack of integrated planning), should be addressed. In addition, unplanned power outages, which, according to the firms interviewed, had an even greater impact than scheduled power outages, should be minimized. Hopefully, in the future, these measures will improve the performance and reliability of the electriCity supply in the country.
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Small, Kathy S. "Retention Strategies for Medical Technologists: Addressing the Shortages and Vacancies in the Clinical Laboratory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2299.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to have well-trained and qualified laboratory professionals. Seventy percent of patient care is based on decisions made from laboratory results, yet there is a growing shortage of medical technologists. Although some baby boomers are delaying retirement, worsening of the shortage crisis is inevitable. Retention of medical technologists has become more important than recruitment. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate innovative retention strategies used by clinical laboratory managers throughout the United States.
A significant finding of this study was the lack of qualified medical technologists entering the ranks of laboratory managers. This study identified a need for a more defined career path and more recognition of the importance of laboratory scientists. It is recommended that studies be undertaken to examine the opinions of hospital and medical group practice administrators as well as the view of medical technologists regarding retention strategies that are proven to be effective.
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Gutierrez-Perez, Francisco. "Correlations Between Management Behaviors and Financial Indicators with FDA Compliance Leading to Medicine Shortages." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3395.
Full textAbstract:
In the first 3 years of the Obama Administration, 2009-2011, the number of warning letters issued to pharmaceutical firms for manufacturing and quality issues increased by 81% to 49 letters. Only 9 letters were issued in the last 3 years of the George W. Bush Administration. Shortfalls in compliance and product quality led to medicine shortages that affected patients' treatment and health. This quantitative study sought to learn to what extent, if any, the independent variables, management behaviors and financial indicators at pharmaceutical firms in the United States, correlated with, or predicted, the dependent variable, compliance with the FDA regulations. FDA's enforcement actions on the firms were the treatment event. A shift in the relationship between the variables occurred after the FDA interventions, which highlighted a new level of compliance. Of the 1144 SurveyMonkey invitations sent to the members of the International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers, only 21 completed the survey's 133 questions. Three research questions were addressed using correlations and linear regressions. The theory of planned behavior was applied to correlate behavioral constructs with the compliance of the firms leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. By establishing an inverse relation between financial indicators and the firms' level of compliance, the study offers awareness and insight to senior leaders regarding their behaviors and the decision-making process. Enhancing managers' decision-making processes in light of their beliefs, along with their control over financial indicators, could reinforce the presence of effective quality systems among pharmaceutical manufacturers minimizing medicine shortages.
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Rasool, Fathima. "The role of skills immigration in addressing skills shortages in South Africa / by Fathima Rasool." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4618.
Full textAbstract:
South Africa is in the throes of a skills crisis. This situation is seriously hampering the country's economic progress
and global participation. This study focuses on the analysis of skills migration in South Africa, and specifically aims
to provide a conceptual framework for better cognition of the skills situation in South Africa. The study is presented
in a series of four articles with a final chapter that incorporates these articles in a cognitive unit and, therefore,
provide a cognitive map to better understand skills migration in South Africa.
Article one of the study provides an in–depth discussion on the serious shortage of skilled workers and its impact on
the progress of the country. This crisis is largely due to the failure of the national education and training system to
supply the economy with much needed skills required to support economic growth and job creation. The findings of
this study indicated that there are various factors that are contributing to the skills shortages in the country. Some
of the factors include: poor education standards, emigration, crime and HIV. It must be noted that these factors
cannot be addressed overnight. Hence, this study emphasised the role that skilled foreign workers can play in
alleviating the skills shortages in the country. The contribution of foreign workers could be viewed as a short to
medium solution to the skills crisis. Finally, this study has confirmed the findings of similar studies undertaken by
the Centre for Development and Enterprise that opening the doors to high–skilled immigration can only serve as a
means of supplementing the skills pool and hence contributing to the economic growth of the country.
In relation to the above, that is, a means to address the skills shortages, article two supported the view that a more
expansive and robust policy approach to skills immigration can be part of the larger solution of addressing the
skills shortages of the country. This would allow for economic progress and make South Africa globally competitive.
Hence, the primary purpose of this article was to determine the effectiveness of South Africa's immigration policy to
support skills immigration. Attempts to recruit foreign skills to work in South African firms is proving to be a
challenge as there are a number of issues in South Africa's immigration policy that makes it restrictive for
organisations when recruiting skilled foreign workers. The following are some of the consequences of this
restrictive policy: due to major infrastructural growth and development during the 2010 period, there is tremendous
strain on the construction industry as a result of shortage of engineers, quantity surveyors, technicians and
architects. Problems in retaining skilled mining staff combined with insufficient new graduates and an aging
workforce is affecting the South African industry. A dearth of engineering skills at Eskom has also contributed to the
power crisis. Thus it could be concluded that South Africa's skills immigration policy is problematic and not helpful
in addressing the skills shortages of the country.
In addition and in relation to factors that are contributing to skills shortages in the country, article three of the
study focused specifically on factors that either push or pull people into a country. Push factors are generally
regarded as negative factors as they push people out of the country. These factors include affirmative action, which
contributes to emigration of skilled individuals, crime, HIV, economic instability, poor health care and
dissatisfaction with the political situation of the country. Pull or positive factors on the other hand draw skilled
South Africans to a country. These factors include: attractive salary packages, early retirement within the education
sector, an opportunity to gain international work experience, an improved lifestyle and variety of career choices.
Certain immigrants are pulled to South Africa as they see it as offering them economic opportunities that are not
available in their home country. However, these immigrants range largely from unskilled to a limited number of highly skilled workers. This is inadequate to address the skill shortages. Hence, this situation also points towards
recruitment of skilled foreign workers as a short to medium term solution.
The final article of the study confirms that skills shortage is a global phenomenon. As a result there is fierce
competition amongst countries to attract skilled labour so as to alleviate these shortages and improve their
competitive footing in the global economy. One major way that these countries strive to achieve their goal, is
through promoting targeted skills immigration programmes to attract skilled workers. In order to alleviate these
skills shortages and be part of the global economy, South Africa has to take lessons from these countries. Therefore,
the main purpose of this article in the study was to indicate the advantages of having a competitive skills
immigration policy. It also highlighted practices that make certain countries skills immigration programmes
successful. In doing so, these suitable practices could be offered to policy makers so that they can make informed
decisions on improving the skills immigration policy of the country.
Finally, there is a general consensus that South Africa's policy on skills immigration is in need of radical review
due to the fact that it is highly restrictive, bureaucratic, user–unfriendly and costly to administer. Moreover, it serves
as an impediment for business and industry to recruit skilled foreign labour into the country as a result of excessive,
and often, unnecessary regulations and procedures. As a consequence, South Africa tends to attract a higher
proportion of unskilled and semi–skilled foreign workers when, in actual fact, it should be attracting highly skilled
immigrants.Thesis (Ph.D. (Business Administration))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Smith, Johan. "High voltage direct current strategy solving power delivery shortages to localized area of national grid." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1102.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The industrial and population growth of a nation can cause power delivery problems to localized areas of a national grid through their increased demand for electrical energy. One reason for these power shortages is the insufficient current carrying capacity of existing high voltage alternating current, (HVAC), transmission lines supplying the area. High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are a possible solution as they provide better power delivery than HVAC lines. New or upgraded HVAC lines, or HVDC lines or combinations of HVAC and HVDC lines are possible solutions to improve power delivery. This research investigates the various line possibilities using theory. and cutting edge frequency and time domain software tools. The challenge is how to approach this problem. What methodology or structure should be used? Thus one of the contributions of this work is the development of a strategy (flow chart), for solving power delivery problems to localized areas of a national grid through individual or combinations (e.g. parallel operation) of HVAC and/or HVDC transmission lines. The main contribution is the evaluation of a HVDC system as a solution to overcoming power delivery shortages to a localized area of a national grid. Three different software packages (two industrial and one academic) namely, PSCAD/EMTDC (time domain), DlgSILENT PowerFactory (frequency domain) and MathCAD software are evaluated for their capability to perform the simulation studies necessary to prove the possible solutions given in the developed flow chart. The PSCAD/EMTDC software package is evaluated for integrated HVAC/HVDC load flow analyses, DlgSILENT for individual and parallel combinations of HVAC lines and MathCAD to prove hand calculations to software results. Five case studies are conducted. The first case study demonstrates a healthy system with no delivery shortcomings, the second case study portrays the delivery shortcoming due to increased localized area demand, and the remaining three case studies explore possible solutions to solve the problem. The first possible solution is to construct an identical HVAC line in parallel to the existing line.
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Tesfatsion, Bereket K. "Managing Water Shortages in the Weber Basin Using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) System." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1087.
Full textAbstract:
An existing simulation model of the Weber Basin (GRES Model) was used as a basis for creating an equivalent model on the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system. The GRES Model was developed by the Utah Division of Water Resources (UDWR) and simulates the historical water allocation from 1950 to 2006. Using the GRES Model and additional information obtained from UDWR staff, two different WEAP models were created. The two models differed only in how water is transmitted to the service areas. End-of-month reservoir storage and other outputs from the GRES Model were compared to the two WEAP models. The two models turn out to be almost equal. The simplest version of the two WEAP models was selected and named the WEAP Weber Basin Model.
The WEAP Weber Basin Model is basically a historical simulation of water allocation in the Weber Basin and shows that the storage level in most reservoirs, except Causey, does not reach the buffer zone. This result indicates the historical water security of the basin and also the security in the foreseable future.
The WEAP Weber Basin Model was also modified. Two scenarios consider demand growth (i) with, and (ii) without applying water conservation. These modifications were applied to one of the service areas which serves purely municipal and indusrial demands. The inflow to the system was populated by randomly reshuffling the historical flows. This is assuming that the historical flows will repeat in a random order in the future. Hence the inflows to the streams in 2006 were assigned the historical inflows of 1968 and so on. The result from the WEAP Weber Basin Model without conservation (with growth) shows that most of the reservoirs, with the exception of Pinveview and Willard Reservoirs, do begin to draw from the buffer zone towards the end of the simulation period. Different storage carryover policies tested show that the reliability of the system decreases while its resilience increases when more and more of the water in the buffer zone is carried over between time steps.
Applying conservation seems to reduce the shortages created when different storage carryover policies were implemented compred to the model that did not apply conservation.
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Sai, Reddy Jetty V., Liz Breen, and Gomez J. Acosta. "A Pharmacist view of the impact/management of medicines shortages (MedS) in the pharmaceutical supply chain (Spain)." Pharmacy Education, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18569.
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Prinsloo, Mélani. "The South African research landscape : the use of traditional and alternative methodologies in addressing information shortages /." Luleå, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/55/.
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Steyn, Lobke. "Supplementation of a high fibre concentrate to Jersey cows on pasture to overcome winter roughage shortages." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71880.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass is the most widely used pasture system in the Southern Cape of South Africa. During the winter months the kikuyu component remains dormant and cows are solely dependent on the ryegrass component of the pasture. Ryegrass has a low growth rate (25 - 30 kg DM ha-1 day-1) during the winter and early spring months (June - September), resulting in roughage shortages. There are various strategies that can be adopted to overcome these shortages. Most commonly, lucerne hay is bought in. The cost (R 1800 - R 2400 ton-1), however, is high and all farms do not have the capacity to store hay in large quantities. Significant wastages occur when feeding lucerne in ring feeders or feed troughs. Silage made of surplus grass, maize or cereal crops can also be fed. Many farms do not have the implements required for ensiling and due to financial pressure, most farms are at full capacity and as such no surplus pasture is available for ensiling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high fibre concentrate supplement and restricted pasture intake strategy could be followed to overcome roughage shortages during the winter months. Forty eight lactating Jersey cows were blocked according to 4 % fat corrected milk yield (19.1 ± 2.2 kg day-1 (±s.d.)), days in milk (104 ± 62.7) and lactation number (4.4 ± 1.8). Cows within blocks were then randomly allocated to one of the three treatments. Treatments were defined according to the amount of a high fibre concentrate supplement that was allocated as well as the level of pasture allocated: Treatment 1 - Low concentrate treatment (LC) received 4 kg concentrate cow-1 day-1 and 10 kg DM pasture cow-1 day-1; Treatment 2 - Medium concentrate treatment (MC) received 7 kg concentrate cow-1 day-1 and 7 kg DM pasture cow-1 day-1; Treatment 3 - High concentrate treatment (HC) received 10 kg concentrate cow-1 day-1 and 5 kg DM pasture cow-1 day-1. Eight ruminally cannulated Jersey cows were used in the rumen study portion of the trial. These cows were divided into two groups of four and were allocated to the MC and LC treatments. They were used in a cross-over design, where all cows were subjected to both treatments. The metabolisable energy, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre contents of the high fibre concentrate supplement was 10.9 MJ kg-1, 145 g kg-1 and 231 g kg-1, respectively. Cows of the three treatments grazed separately, allowing for the restriction of pasture intake according to treatments specifications. The average daily milk yield and milk fat content of treatments LC, MC and HC was 16.2a, 17.3ab and 18.1b kg day-1 (P < 0.05) and 4.91a, 4.96a and 4.58b % (P < 0.05), respectively. The average stocking rate for treatment LC, MC and HC was 5.07a, 6.07b and 7.64c cows ha-1 respectively. Thirty seven percent of pasture was saved on the HC treatment strategy compared to the LC treatment. Cows gained body weight during the study at a rate of 0.62a, 0.28b and 0.27b kg day-1 (P < 0.05) for the LC, MC and HC treatments, respectively. None of the hourly rumen pH values differed between treatments LC and HC. The rumen pH of cows on treatment LC did, however, spend a longer time below pH 6.0 and pH 5.8 compared to the rumen pH of cows on treatment HC (P < 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of pasture of cows on treatment LC and treatment HC at 30 hours of incubation was 82.3 and 73.5 % (P < 0.05) and 43.5 and 39.2 % (P < 0.05), respectively. The results show that winter roughage shortages can be managed by feeding higher levels of a high fibre concentrate supplement and restricting pasture intake, although a decrease in milk fat content can be expected.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kikoejoe, oorgesaai met raaigras, is die mees algemene weidingstelsel in die Suid-Kaap van Suid-Afrika. Tydens die wintermaande is die kikoejoe-komponent dormant en diere is afhanklik van die raaigras-komponent. Raaigras het ‘n lae groeitempo (25 - 30 kg DM ha-1 dag-1) gedurende die winter- en vroeë lentemaande (Junie - September) en dit lei tot ruvoertekorte. Daar is verskeie strategieë wat toegepas kan word om die ruvoertekorte te oorkom. Die gewildste is die aankoop van lusern hooi, alhoewel die prys (R 1800 - R 2400 ton-1) die gebruik daarvan beperk. Boere het ook nie altyd die kapasiteit om groot hoeveelhede lusern te stoor nie en baie hooi word vermors as koeie dit uit hooivoerders en voerbakke vreet. Kuilvoer wat gemaak word van surplus weiding, mielies of graangewasse kan ook gebruik word. Baie boere het nie die implemente om kuilvoer te maak nie en as gevolg van finansiële druk, funksioneer die meeste plase reeds op vol kapasiteit en is daar dus nie altyd voldoende surplus ruvoer waarvan kuilvoer gemaak kan word nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of ‘n hoë-vesel kragvoer en beperkte weiding-inname gebruik kan word om ruvoertekorte gedurende die wintermaande te oorkom. Agt-en-veertig lakterende Jerseykoeie is geblok volgens 4 % vet-gekorrigeerde melkopbrengs (19.1 ± 2.2 kg dag-1(±s.d.)), dae in melk (104 ± 62.7) en laktasie nommer (4.4 ± 1.8). Koeie binne blokke is vervolgens ewekansig aan een van drie behandelingsgroepe toegeken. Die groepe is gedefinieer volgens die hoeveelheid hoë-vesel kragvoer en weiding wat toegeken is: Behandelingsgroep 1 - Lae-vesel kragvoergroep (LC) het 4 kg kragvoer koei-1 dag-1 en 10 kg DM weiding koei-1 dag-1 ontvang; Behandelingsgroep 2 - Medium-vesel kragvoergroep (MC) het 7 kg kragvoer koei-1 dag-1 en 7 kg DM weiding koei-1 dag-1 ontvang; Behandelingsgroep 3 - Hoë-vesel kragvoergroep (HC) het 10 kg kragvoer koei-1 dag-1 en 5 kg DM weiding koei-1 dag-1 ontvang. Agt rumen gekanuleerde Jerseykoeie was gebruik in die rumen studie gedeelte van die proef. Die koeie was verdeel in twee groepe wat dan aan die LC en HC behandelings groepe toegeken is in ’n omslag ontwerp met twee behandelings en twee periodes. Die metaboliseerbare energie, ruproteïen en neutraal bestande veselinhoud van die hoë-vesel kragvoer was 10.9 MJ kg-1, 145 g kg-1 en 231 g kg-1 onderskeidelik. Die drie behandelingsgroepe het apart gewei, sodat weidingtoekenning beperk kon word en weidinginname bepaal kon word. Die gemiddelde daaglikse melkopbrengs en melk vet % van behandelingsgroepe LC, MC en HC was 16.2a, 17.3ab en 18.1b kg dag-1 (P < 0.05) en 4.92a, 4.96a en 4.58b% (P < 0.05) onderskeidelik. Die gemiddelde veelading van behandelingsgroepe LC, MC en HC was 5.07, 6.07 en 7.64 koeie ha-1 onderskeidelik. Volgens die strategie van die HC behandelingsgroep strategie is sewe-en-dertig persent weiding bespaar, in vergelyking met die LC behandelingsgroep. Koeie in behandelingsgroepe LC, MC en HC het in massa toegeneem gedurende die studie teen ‘n tempo van 0.62, 0.28 en 0.27 kg day-1 (P < 0.05), onderskeidelik. Rumen pH-waardes het nie tussen behandelingsgroepe LC en HC verskil nie. Behandelingsgroep LC se rumen pH was vir ’n langer periode onder pH 6.0 en pH 5.8 as in die geval van behandeling HC. Die verteerbaarheid van droëmateriaal en neutraalbestande vesel van wieding van koeieop behandelingsgroepe LC en HC na 30 ure van inkubasie was 82.3 en 73.5 % (P < 0.05) en 43.5 en 39.2 % (P < 0.05), onderskeidelik. Die resultate dui daarop dat winter ruvoertekorte bestuur kan word deur die voeding van hoër vlakke hoë-vesel kragvoer en die beperking van weidinginname, hoewel ‘n afname in melk vet % verwag kan word.
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Prinsloo, Mélani. "The South African research landscape : the use of traditional and alternative methodologies in addressing information shortages." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25811.
Full textAbstract:
The title of this thesis is "The South African Research Landscape: the use of traditional and alternative methodologies in addressing information shortages". This thesis demonstrates the journey of a researcher working in and learning from the South African research landscape. The journey pays attention to the researcher's realisation that traditional research is insufficient and unable to address the information shortages suffered in a developing country. Although one does in no way imply the disregarding of traditional research, alternative methodologies need to be developed and deployed in providing a country such as South Africa with the information required to at least maintain the progress that has been made in the last years. Through this thesis the researcher therefore places two aspects on the table that can add to the success of South African businesses - firstly the optimisation of market oriented businesses through research insights gained using traditional research methodologies that are combined with customer lifestyle insights in under-developed markets gained from community-based participatory research projects.Godkänd; 2007; 20071128 (ysko)
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Ulrici, William. "TWO BIRDS WITH ONE STONE : Solving the British and Swedish housing shortages with the same solutions." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234916.
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When too many afford too little, one could claim that a housing market is malfunctioning. The United Kingdom and Sweden suffer from housing shortages in the major cities, creating low affordability, great strain on lower income groups and worse foundation for social sustainability. Considering matters such as different housing histories, political ideologies and policies, Sweden and the UK may seem quite unalike at first, resulting in expectations for two ‘distinct’ housing shortages. However, when a more thoroughly examination is made, it is possible the situation may appear different. Perhaps, it is even possible solving the British and Swedish housing shortages with the same solutions; two birds with one stone. The purpose with this thesis is to: analyse and compare the British and Swedish housing histories, identify challenges, present a few options to solving today’s low affordability, discuss how these shortages are solved so that affordable housing is obtained in both countries. To investigate this, the four questions: 1. Do Sweden and the UK have similar housing histories, and have they contributed to today’s shortages? 2. Are there similar housing challenges in Sweden and the UK? 3. Are there the same solutions to the housing shortages of Sweden and the UK? 4. Which are the most effective options for achieving an affordable housing future? ; were asked and tried to be answered. The intentions are that this thesis will be of use to housing debates in both countries, planners, professionals and decision makers, as well as interested and affected laymen, in search for knowledge concerning the reality they are faced with. Through examining the British and Swedish housing histories from 1946 to 2018, policies during the eras of the ‘Welfare State’, the ‘Liberal Society’ and the ‘State of Crisis’, the affordability challenges of tomorrow where formulated. To find possible options to face these challenges, five experts in the UK were interviewed, leading up to the four options concerning affordability; the market liberal: lowering construction cost and building smaller homes, and the social: local authority development / council housing and policy changes to increase social values in land. After analysing pros and cons with these options, their effect on increasing affordability and social sustainability were discussed, along with preventing further deregulation and privatisation of the housing markets as well as investing more in the countryside. The final recommendations and conclusions conclude that policies in both countries need to be changed if these housing shortages are to be truly ended and long-term sustainability on the housing markets achieved. To obtain affordability and stable housing markets, attitudes and policies throughout the societies would have to change towards viewing homes more as a human right, rather than a commodity. Another conclusion is that local authorities/councils have proven themselves to be capable developers in the past, which they can become yet again but only if the current systems change.När alltför många har råd med alltför lite, kan man hävda att en bostadsmarknad fungerar felaktigt. I Storbritannien och Sverige råder bostadsbrist i storstäderna, vilket belastar låginkomsttagare och skapar en sämre grund för social hållbarhet. Med hänsyn till ämnen så som olika förflutna, politiska ideologier och politik, kan Sverige och Storbritannien i första hand tyckas vara ganska olika, vilket resulterar i förväntningar efter två "distinkta" bostadskriser. Dock, efter en grundligare undersökning är genomförd, kanske situationen uppfattas annorlunda. Kanske är det till och med möjligt att lösa de brittiska och svenska bostadskriserna med samma lösningar, så som det heter på engelska; two birds with one stone. Syftet med denna avhandling är att: analysera och jämföra historien rörande bostadssituationen i Sverige och Storbritannien, identifiera utmaningar, presentera några alternativ för att lösa dagens kriser samt att diskutera hur dessa kriser bör lösas så att en hållbar morgondag blir uppnådd i båda länderna. För att undersöka detta, ställdes de fyra frågorna: 1. Har Storbritannien och Sverige ett liknande förflutet vad gäller bostäder och har dessa bidragit till dagens kriser? 2. Finns det liknande utmaningar berörande bostäder i Storbritannien och Sverige 3. Finns det samma lösningar på bostadskriserna i Storbritannien och Sverige? 4. Vilka är de mest effektiva alternativen för att uppnå en hållbar framtid? ; vilka försöktes besvaras. Avsikten är att denna avhandling kommer vara till nytta för bostadsdebatten i båda länderna, planerare, professionella och beslutsfattare samt intresserade och påverkade lekmän på jakt efter kunskap om den verklighet de står inför. Genom att undersöka hur den brittiska och svenska bostadssituationen tidigare sett ut, från 1946 till 2018, politiken under ”välfärdsstatens”, ”det liberala samhällets" och "staten i kris" eror, har utmaningarna för att uppnå en billigare morgondag formulerats. För att hitta möjliga alternativ för att möta dessa utmaningar, intervjuades fem experter i Storbritannien, vilket ledde fram till de fyra alternativen: de marknadsliberala; sänka byggkostnader och bygga mindre bostäder, samt de sociala; lokala myndigheters bostadsbyggande / kommunalt bostadsbyggande och politiska förändringar för att öka markers sociala värden vid utveckling. Efter att ha analyserat för- och nackdelar med dessa alternativ diskuterades deras effekt på ökad köpkraft och social hållbarhet, att förhindra ytterligare avregleringar och privatiseringar av bostadsmarknaderna samt att investera mer i landsbygden. De slutliga rekommendationerna och slutsatserna fastställer att politiken i båda länderna behöver ändras om dessa bostadskriser verkligen ska lösas och långsiktig hållbarhet på bostadsmarknaden uppnås. För att få överkomliga priser och stabila bostadsmarknader skulle attityder och politik i hela samhället behöva förändras mot att betrakta hem mer som en mänsklig rätt snarare än en vara. En annan slutsats är att lokala myndigheter / kommuner tidigare har visat sig vara kapabla bostadsutvecklare, vilket de kan bli igen men bara om de rådande systemen förändras.
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Ntolwana, Olwethu A. "ICT skills shortages in under-developed areas of South Africa: a case of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4476.
Full textAbstract:
Masters of CommerceInformation and Communication Technology is a mixed set of technological tools and resources used to create and manage information. It involves technologies such as radio, television, video, DVD, telephone (both fixed line and mobile phones), satellite systems, computer (network hardware and software) as well as the tools and services associated with these technologies. ICT is increasingly seen as a major enabler of efficiencies and a catalyst for innovations. With adequate skills to effectively use ICT, it can also prove to be a foundation upon which sustainable socio-economic developments can be built. The problem in South Africa, however, is that of a severe shortage of technical skills in the ICT sector. The paradox is that despite the efforts at national, provincial and organisational levels to redress the shortage of skills, the problem persists. The aim of this study thus, was to understand the magnitude of skills shortages in under-developed areas of the Eastern Cape, so as to inform corrective measures. The Actor Network Theory (ANT) was used mainly as an analytical framework to analyse the problem of e-Skills shortages in South Africa. ANT helped in framing the context of the problem. It offered useful lenses of viewing the e-Skills development phenomenon as a network of stakeholders (actors), subjects (actants), processes and a determinant of information flows within the e-Skills development network. The study was mostly descriptive (and partly explanatory), seeking to clarify the status quo, the causes, and ultimately, to explore appropriate solutions. The interpretive approach was followed to conduct qualitative research. In this instance, a purposive sampling method was used to draw participants mainly from un/employed grade 12 (grade 12) graduates of 26 participants, consisting of 18 to 35 years of age. Participants were also drawn from high-level management in the training and development organisations and local employers of ICT graduates of Centane and Butterworth villages in the Eastern Cape. Content analysis technique was used to analyse and interpret data. Findings do reflect a severe lack of basic ICT skills, with causal factors varying from a lack of awareness about ICT careers, to a lack of access to ICT tools, with the majority of the affected grade 12 graduates neither being employed nor doing any tertiary studies. It is therefore recommended for the government to revisit the e-Skills policy and its implementation structures in rural areas. The Department of Education (DoE) in the Eastern Cape should also create educational networks that will provide remote schools with low cost, but high performance Internet access. A re-look into the general quality of education in rural areas is also urgent.
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Barkimer, Jennifer. "Speech-language pathology in the schools a study of variables impacting personnel shortages in urban schools /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37281.
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Reeve, Angela C. "Mainstreaming biophilic urbanism in Australian cities : a response to climate change, resource shortages and population pressures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78618/4/Angela_Reeve_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explored how biophilic urbanism, or the integration of natural features into increasingly dense urban environments, has become mainstream in cities around the world. Fourteen factors uncovered through a case study investigation provide insight for decision makers and change agents in Australia to use biophilic urbanism to address impacts of population growth, climate change and resource shortages. The thesis uses an inductive research approach to explore how barriers to the integration of multi-functional vegetated and water design elements into the built environment, such that these become and standard inclusions in urban design and development processes.
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Bader, Mohammad Y., Alex Lopilato, Leslie Thompson, and RanjitI Kylat. "Aminophylline-associated hyponatremia in a premature infant." Published by Wolters Kluwer - MedKnow, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625943.
Full textAbstract:
Hyponatremia is common in preterm infants. The causes are usually related
to the inability of the premature kidneys to excrete a given water load,
excessive sodium losses, or inadequate sodium intake. Here, we present a
case of severe hyponatremia in an extreme preterm infant, associated with
the use of aminophylline. Aminophylline was administered intravenously
on day 1 for the treatment of apnea of prematurity. On day 3, the patient
developed hyponatremia which was not responsive to sodium replacement
and fluid restriction. Due to concerns of aminophylline‑induced hyponatremia,
aminophylline was discontinued on day 6, and within 48 h of discontinuation,
serum sodium normalized without the need for sodium supplementation. The
purpose of the case report is to present a rare complication associated with
aminophylline use and to shed light on potential deleterious effects associated
with drug shortages.
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Calleman, Catharina. "Turordning vid uppsägning." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-17404.
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This dissertation explores the role of the regulations regarding seniority with respect to employee layoffs. The main focus of this inquiry is to explore the degree to which the regulations protect the groups of employees for which it is intended. The main area of interest is § 22 of the law regarding employment protection concerning protections for employees with long periods of employment and older workers. It contains an examination of the regulatory framework and an empirical survey of how these regulations were applied at a number of workplaces. The survey consists of thirty workplaces and illustrates how the protectionist purpose of the legislation can be minimized or enhanced as a result of the different decisions made by employers or labor unions and the deliberations behind the decisions. The empirical survey also roughly shows the outcome of the application of these regulations with respect to the surveyed groups at the workplaces.digitalisering@umu
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Abboud, Nadim E. "The spares provisioning problem with parts inventory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39807.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, we consider the spares provisioning problem, where a finite population of homogeneous machines are being deployed to meet a constant demand. While a machine is operating, it could become inoperable due to the failure of a critical built-in part in the machine. Before repairs on the machine can be initiated, however, a replacement part must be obtained. If a replacement part is available from stock, the machine is immediately transferred to the repair subsystem, in which one or more repair stations operate in parallel. If the replacement part is not in stock, then the machine waits in the ordering subsystem for the arrival of a new part. Once a machine is repaired, it is immediately deployed to meet demand if needed, else it joins a queue of standby machines. The spare machines have zero probability of failure and, if available, a spare replaces a deployed machine immediately upon the latter's failure. The machine operating time, repair time, and ordering time of the parts are assumed to be exponentially distributed. The ordering subsystem for the parts brings a new aspect to the spares provisioning problem, and dramatically increases its difficulty. This is because the queuing network model which describes the system is a non-product-form network in the case of finite nonzero stocking policy, and specification of closed-form solutions is highly unlikely for such networks.
In this dissertation, we present efficient algorithms through which the optimal number of machines, repair stations and stocking level of the parts that minimize total operations costs subject to a service-level constraint can be obtained. The algorithms, which based on Little's result from queuing theory and some approximate models used for bounding, have proven to be extremely efficient in terms of computer storage and execution time, even for large problems.Ph. D.
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Roberts, Elizabeth W. "Development of a Nurse Residency Program in Perinatal Nursing." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7730.
Full textAbstract:
Staffing turnover created a challenge for the women’s services department of a hospital in the southern United States, potentially compromising care for women and infants during childbirth. The gap in practice was the lack of a structured nurse orientation/residency program for nurses new to perinatal nursing, which requires specific competencies not learned at the prelicensure level of education. The guiding practice-focused question was whether a multidisciplinary team could develop a formal evidence-based perinatal nurse residency program that would meet the needs of on-boarding and support for the new nursing hires at this facility. A team of experienced nurses, which included two nurses from labor and delivery, high risk antepartum, mother baby, and assistant nurse manager developed a comprehensive program, which included defined competencies, didactic materials, detailed simulations, and evaluation tools. A multidisciplinary team of six nurses, and the assistant nurse manager achieved consensus on the quality and comprehensive nature of the program plan using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument II assessment tool. The implications of this project to bring about positive social change include the potential for improved nursing care for patients during childbirth as a result of increased nurse knowledge and mentoring support. Improved retention might also contribute to stable teamwork and peer support. This project has the potential to improve both physical and psychological outcomes for women and infants in the perinatal period.
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Cederwall, Ida, Lina Molin, Laura Faghihi, Mohsen Lobna Ali, and Ramon Yekerusta. "An Investigation of Aspects Affecting Availability and the Health-economical Consequences of Shortages ofVancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415529.
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This thesis investigates the supply chain of Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam in order to understand why the two antibiotics have been exposed to back orders during recent years in Sweden. The health economical consequences due to these back orders of the two antibiotics was also examined. The used methods were literature search and elementary calculation methods. The supply chains for the two antibiotics consists of multiple manufacturing actors, both primary and secondary. The manufacturing actors are mostly located in low and middle income countries, which increases risks for the supply chains. The Swedish market is unattractive due to its small size and ineffective purchasing system, which also increases risks of shortages. The unattractive market is a probable cause of the lower amount of market authorisation holders which sell the antibiotics in Sweden. Furthermore, a financial model was created to assess the health economic impacts of shortages. The costs were calculated as the sum of the additional labor required to deal with shortages along with the costs of the alternative medicines. It was estimated that a shortage of Vancomycin can cost up to SEK 1 600 000 in fixed costs followed by up to SEK 202 997 per additional day of shortage and that a shortage of Pipetazo can cost up to SEK 1 600 000 in fixed costs followed by up to SEK 923 650 per day. There are also other negative aspects of these consequences, such as worsening of patient health and contributions to increased AMR.
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Hashemi, Arman. "Construction technology transfer : an assessment of the relevance of modern methods of construction to housing shortages in Iran." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55463/.
Full textAbstract:
The inability of the Iranian construction industry to satisfy the country's massive housing demand has transformed housing demand and supply into one of the major challenges facing the government. 1.15 million residential units need to be built each year for the next ten years. The Iranian construction industry is suffering from various deficiencies such as low productivity, small and unprofessional developers, huge waste, skilled labour shortages, defective management, unstable economy, severe fluctuations in demand and supply etc. Considering the potential advantages of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), the general belief is that the application of MMC will resolve may of the above issues. Meanwhile, Iran needs to learn from the experience of other countries such as the UK to avoid repeating their mistakes. MMC is a more complex subject in which various issues including standardisation, coordination, management, design, costs, sustainability, risks, etc, should be considered. Some of the above have become more important than others for Iranian stakeholders but prioritisation and partial consideration of these issues will not be effective. This study intends to investigate the viability and applicability of the UK's advanced construction systems in Iran. For this reason, several criteria including the building regulations and standards, practicality, economy, costs, culture, sustainability, and design have been addressed, and both countries compared with regards to these issues. The results show that, although MMC can theoretically enhance the current situation of the construction industry, issues such as education and research, industry, economy etc., need to be addressed in order to have successful application of MMC in Iran.
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Cianfrini, Melissa Ivy. "Deconstructing the interconnectedness of community: An exploratory study on skill shortages, labour migration, and mining booms in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1134.
Full textAbstract:
In this exploratory study the experiences of employers, migrant workers, and stakeholders are captured in the context of the mining boom in the Mid West region, Western Australia. Framed in a community psychology paradigm, the findings identified four overarching themes which contribute to and perpetuate the skill shortage and xploitation of migrant workers. These findings illuminate the lack of awareness of the interconnectedness of the phenomenon, and the functioning of power embedded in these relationships.
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Combes, Jean-Baptiste. "An investigation of the impact of the local labour markets on staff shortages and staff mix of hospitals in England and France." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=195747.
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Rosenberg, János E. X. "The German Skilled Immigration Act 2019 (‘Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz, FEG’) : An inquiry into the policy process, pivotal political players, and the role of interest groups." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35029.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the 2019 ‘FEG’ through policy process and interest-based lenses, thus aiming to address the relationship between labour shortages and migration policy. Hence, the roles of political stakeholders and interest groups in the policy process are discerned.
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Manias, Nicholas. "The baccalaureate community colleges in Florida : a policy evaluation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002050.
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Sousa, Augusto de Brito. "Mecanismos financeiros para a reduÃÃo de risco associado ao clima: contrato de opÃÃes, seguro baseado em Ãndice e fundo financeiro." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13796.
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Ãgua à um recurso essencial para o desenvolvimento social e econÃmico como
tambÃm para manutenÃÃo saudÃvel dos ecossistemas. Devido sua importÃncia
econÃmica e social à fonte de conflitos sociais entre os setores interessados em
adquiri-la e usufruÃ-la, sendo a Ãpoca de escassez o momento de maior conflito.
Assim, como forma de harmonizar conflitos de interesses entre os setores, este
trabalho objetivou pesquisar e desenvolver mecanismos financeiros de gestÃo do risco
climÃtico em recursos hÃdricos, fundamentado em seguro baseado Ãndice associado a
contrato de opÃÃo e fundo financeiro que possibilitem menores variaÃÃes nos preÃos
dos recursos hÃdricos, tendo como critÃrio o princÃpio da compensaÃÃo aos usuÃrios
pela transferÃncia hÃdrica quando das falhas no abastecimento. A metodologia de
avaliaÃÃo dos recursos financeiros que satisfizessem os setores foi a quantificaÃÃo
econÃmica dos recursos transferidos a partir das equaÃÃes de benefÃcios especÃficas
dos setores. Os valores dos recursos hÃdricos transferidos foram obtidos por meio da
permuta de metodologia de alocaÃÃo: sistema de prioridades e rateio linear. Foram
simulados cinco cenÃrios que dividiam as disponibilidades hÃdricas entre dois setores
(irrigaÃÃo e urbano) com os seguintes coeficientes, respectivamente, para esses
setores (0,10; 0,90), (0,25; 0,75), (0,50; 0,50), (0,75; 0,25) e (0,90; 0,10) para as
garantias de 98%, 95% e 90%. Os pagamentos de opÃÃes fundamentados nos
contratos de opÃÃes apresentaram linhas de tendÃncias semelhantes aos impactos
negativos da irrigaÃÃo (perdas), porÃm com valores abaixo destes para todos os
intervalos e garantias simulados. As perdas cresceram atà o cenÃrio de coeficientes
(0,52, 0,48), a partir do qual os impactos econÃmicos do setor urbano (ganhos)
superam aos da irrigaÃÃo. No entanto, para os cenÃrios de coeficientes acima de
(0,90, 0,10), os ganhos diminuem a valores abaixo dos das perdas. Quanto ao fundo
financeiro, somente para os cenÃrios com coeficientes localizados entre (0,50, 0,50)
e (0,90, 0,10), considerado cenÃrios viÃveis, Ã que esse fundo possui viabilidade
financeira, sendo, dentre os cenÃrios simulados, o de coeficientes (0,75, 0,25) que
possui os maiores valores acumulados. Por fim, conclui-se que a viabilidade
econÃmica das transferÃncias hÃdricas se concentrou apenas nos cenÃrios localizados
entre os coeficientes (0,50, 0,50) e (0,90, 0,10). AlÃm disso, conclui-se que a
associaÃÃo entre contrato de opÃÃes, seguro baseado no Ãndice vazÃo liberada e fundo financeiro pode contribuir para um entendimento mÃtuo entre os setores
interessados nos recursos hÃdricos locais/regionais quanto à necessidade de se
harmonizarem, principalmente, nos momentos mais conflituosos, no caso, Ãpocas de
escassez hÃdrica.Water is an essential resource for the social and economic development and to maintaining healthy ecosystems. Due to its economic and social importance is a source of social conflict between the sectors interested in acquiring it and enjoy it, being the lean season far more conflict. So, as a way to harmonize conflicting interests among sectors, this study aimed to investigate and develop financial mechanisms for climate risk management in water resources based on index-based insurance associated option contract and financial background to enable minor variations in resource prices water tended as the principle of compensation to users for transfer when the water supply disruption. The valuation methodology of financial resources that met the sectors was the quantification of economic resources transferred from the equations of specific benefits of sectors. The amounts of transferred water was obtained through the exchange of allocation methodology: linear priorities and assessment system. Five scenarios that divided water availability between two sectors (irrigation and urban) with the following coefficients, respectively, for these sectors (0.10, 0.90), (0.25, 0.75) were simulated, (0, 50, 0.50), (0.75, 0.25) and (0.90, 0.10) for guarantees of 98%, 95% and 90%. Payments of options based on options contracts had lines similar to the negative impacts of irrigation (losses) trends, but with values below these intervals for all warranties and simulated. Losses grew to the scene of coefficients (0.52, 0.48), from which the economic impacts of the urban sector (gains) outweigh the irrigation. However, scenarios for the above coefficients (0.90, 0.10), the gain values decrease below losses. On financial background, only for scenarios with localized coefficients between (0.50, 0.50) and (0.90, 0.10), considered viable scenarios, is that this fund has financial viability, being among the scenarios simulated, the coefficients (0.75, 0.25) having the highest accumulated values. Finally, it is concluded that the economic viability of water transfers only focused on scenarios located between the coefficients (0.50, 0.50) and (0.90, 0.10). Furthermore, it is concluded that the association between options contract based insurance index released flow and financial background can contribute to mutual understanding between the sectors interested in local / regional on the need to harmonize, especially in times water more conflicting in the case, times of water scarcity.