Journal articles on the topic 'Shortage of fresh water'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Shortage of fresh water.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Shortage of fresh water.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zhang, Fu Rong. "Prediction of China's Water Shortage in the Year of 2025." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.83.
Full textAbstract:
In order to predict the demand of fresh water in China in the year of 2025, a mathematical model is proposed based on the summation of demand of water in ten major regions in China. The gray model is applied to predict the fresh water resource in the year of 2025 while neural network model is applied to predict the fresh water demand. The degree of water shortage is evaluated by the international water scarcity assessment criteria which are commonly used. The conclusion is that some provinces in China may be faced with big challenges for water shortage.
2
Aliyev, RAE Z. H. "CHALLENGE OF WATER SHORTAGE IN THE WORLD AND AZERBAIJAN AND SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL SOLUTION." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v3i4.6065.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid growth in world population and limitation of soil and water resources have caused major problem for human nutrition security in the world. only 3% of water resources are fresh water. Accoding to the FAO report, if in the any country Amount of fresh water is less than 1700m3 per capita, this country is faced to serous water shortage. At the present, in the 22 countries share of fresh water per capita is less than 100m3and in the 18 countries is more than 2000m3. Therefore, Azerbaijan is one of the countries which have faced serous water shortage.
3
Brika, Bashir. "Water Resources and Desalination in Libya: A Review." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 13, 2018): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110586.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the shortage of clean and fresh water, especially in the coastal regions there is an urgent need to look for alternative water sources to meet people needs and compensate the reduction in groundwater. Desalination is one of such alternative water sources that can solve water shortage problem in Libya and other countries where face the same conditions. Desalination is the main technology that has been developed globally over the past three decades to meet the increasing demand for fresh and clean water. The objective of this paper is to highlight the conventional and non conventional water resources in Libya. In this context, our paper intends to present an overview on seawater desalination technology in Libya and why it should be accommodated as a strategic and ultimate solution for water shortage.
4
Ahrestani, Zahra, Sadegh Sadeghzadeh, and Hosein Banna Motejadded Emrooz. "An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply." RSC Advances 13, no. 15 (2023): 10273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07733g.
Full text
5
Mendoza-Escamilla, Julio, Francisco Hernandez-Rangel, Pedro Cruz-Alcántar, María Saavedra-Leos, Josefa Morales-Morales, Rafael Figueroa-Diaz, César Valencia-Castillo, and Francisco Martinez-Lopez. "A Feasibility Study on the Use of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) for the Harvesting of Fresh Water in a Semi-Arid Region Affected by Mining Pollution." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163278.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide, the shortage of fresh water has increased exponentially due to population growth and contamination of available water, especially in water tables that provide water for general consumption. One of the main pollutants of water is arsenic (As), present in the environment and in most mining/metallurgical processes, which is a major health risk, especially as a carcinogen. In the region of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi (SLP), Mexico, a highly productive mining area, arsenic concentrations of 138.1 mg/kg have been found in soils—6.2 times higher than what is allowed in domestic soils, while in water it is reported up to 158 mg/L, exceeding permissible limits for human consumption. In addition to As pollution, the region suffers from water shortage both in the city and in rural communities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new technologies to provide the population with fresh water. This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) to capture fresh water in the region of Matehuala, SLP. The region was found to have the necessary environmental conditions to use AWGs, with an annual average relative humidity (RH) of approximately 60%. Using a mathematical model of a dehumidifier, water harvesting can be evaluated under the region’s prevailing climatic conditions. The month with lowest harvest was found to be January, with 0.89 to 3.6 L/day, while the month with largest harvest was August at 3.9 to 18 L/day and water production costs of 0.0093 and $ 0.038 USD/L, respectively. The study concludes that the use of AWGs would help alleviate water shortages, thus benefiting marginalized people or communities, preserving ecosystems and the environment.
6
Kumargaurao, D. Punase. "A review of reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.1.19024.
Full textAbstract:
The freshwater availability in many regions of the world has been a rising concern for the last few decades due to disturbing increase in population, urbanization, and industrial advancement. As water consumption is increasing year by year, the obvious solution to the freshwater shortage is to increase its supply. Desalination has been a prominent process to produce fresh water in numerous water-stressed regions to counteract the water shortage issues. Amongst the various desalination methods, the reverse osmosis method is used for generating fresh water from saline or brackish water by removing salts to make it suitable for human utilization, agriculture, and industrial purposes. In the present study, a systematic review of the seawater reverse osmosis process is presented to address the developments in the pretreatment, membrane, and post-treatment processes of reverse osmosis.
7
Wang, Jun Tao, and Qiang Kun Li. "Study of Water-Salt Production Function Based on Saline Water Irrigation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4350.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the shortage of fresh water in north-west China, the exploitations of saline water became very important for mitigating agricultural water shortage. Our study carried out plot experiments under different salinity water irrigation in the Shiyang River Basin, comprehensively considering the effect of water and salt factors on the growth of spring-corn, imported salinity stress factor and built water-salt production function basing on water production functions Blank model and Jensen model which were general used in the world. Through the Water-salt production function, calculating the salt sensitive index in different growth stage of spring-corn and the result shows that the salt sensitive degree sequence is seeding stage > jointing stage> tasseling-grouting stage> maturity stage.
8
ElMekawy, Ahmed, Hanaa M. Hegab, and Deepak Pant. "The near-future integration of microbial desalination cells with reverse osmosis technology." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 12 (2014): 3921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02208d.
Full textAbstract:
The combined negative effect of both fresh water shortage and energy depletion has encouraged the research to move forward to explore effective solutions for water desalination with less energy consumption.
9
Khudayev, Ismail Zhumakulovich. "Water saving in conditions of water scarcity: modern technologies." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 10 (September 11, 2021): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2110-06.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of water saving for modern human civilization is becoming more and more important. In general, there is a tendency towards the dynamics of an increase in the shortage of fresh water in the world. At the same time, entire states have existed and developed in conditions of water shortage for many decades and even centuries. In this regard, water saving technologies, and renewal, development are becoming an increasingly urgent problem. In this regard, modern scientific and technological progress is becoming the most important factor in the development of water saving technologies. Scientific and technological progress also makes it possible to develop a water saving strategy. The article presents the results of studies devoted to water-saving irrigation technology on steep slopes and specifies the elements of irrigation technique for discrete irrigation in the south of Uzbekistan.
10
Haddad, Marwan, Zakiyeh S. Namrotee, and Munqez Shtaya. "Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Salts Uptake of Barley." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 5, no. 2 (November 19, 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2017.05.02.5.
Full textAbstract:
Treated wastewater is promising water resource as alternative or supplementary source for fresh water to be used in agriculture specially for areas of water shortage and crops with good potential of tolerating saline water. In this study long-term irrigation with fresh and wastewater on growth and yield of seven non-local cultivars (S42IL107, BW284, BW281, G400, Scarlett, Bowman and BW290) of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed that (1) barley cultivars irrigated with both fresh and wastewater had in general the same growth vigor and growth nature, (2) The cultivars irrigated with wastewater gave nearly twice the yield of that irrigated with freshwater. BW290 cultivar showed the best and highest yield among the seven cultivars while S42IL107 had the weakest prostrate growth, (3) The use of wastewater in irrigation increased the nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) contents in soil profiles affecting its texture, (4) barley proved to be a salt-tolerant crop with considerable economic importance, Barley could tolerate saline water until (5µs) without any shortage in the yield of the crop, and (5) barley irrigated with both wastewater and freshwater needed nearly the same time to emergence, stem elongation, flowering and maturity and consequently, wastewater irrigation of barley is a promising water resource as alternatives for fresh water.
11
Liu, Shang, Congliang Huang, Qiangqiang Huang, Fengchao Wang, and Chuwen Guo. "A new carbon-black/cellulose-sponge system with water supplied by injection for enhancing solar vapor generation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 30 (2019): 17954–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02913c.
Full text
12
Yang, Qiaonan, Can Hu, Jie Li, Xiaokang Yi, Jie Zhang, and Zhilin Sun. "Research Status of Brackish Water Desalination Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901039.
Full textAbstract:
The serious salinization of farmland soil and the shortage of water resources in arid areas are becoming more and more serious; In order to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water resources, find a resource that can be converted into fresh water; Brackish water is derived from farmland saline alkali land. Brackish water desalination technology has increased interest in scientists' research. However, brackish water can be used as an effective substitute for freshwater conversion because of its low salt concentration and can also be widely used in many water deficient countries. However, partial or total desalting of brackish water is essential to meet the water quality requirements of production and life. The selection of appropriate water resources desalination technology needs to understand the operation methods and technical means of the existing brackish water desalination process. Proper combination of desalination technologies can improve the efficiency of brackish water desalination. This review provides the latest advances in data, materials and categories that can help select and design requirements for specific applications.
13
Mironov, Victor, Yuriy Ivanyushin, Evgeniy Zhernakov, and Dmitriy Mironov. "Thermal Balance in the Process of Fresh Water Production from Atmospheric Air Using the Sea Waves Renewable Energy." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817004018.
Full textAbstract:
Climatic changes and man-induced environmental load cause to a shortage of drinking quality fresh water. Upon that, fresh water sufficiency is one of the preconditions for quality assurance in adequate living standards as well as for domestic and foreign political stability especially in developing countries. A lot of technologies of fresh drinking water production are known today. Most of them involve significant power consumption and endanger to environment. As a rule these technologies use non-renewable hydrocarbons as power source. The author-developed technology of fresh drinking water obtaining from atmospheric air involves the use of clean renewable energy of the sea. This article bases the method of water production from the air. It is also describes technology implementation energy balance.
14
Isaev, Movladi, Rashid Dikaev, and Alikhan Aldamov. "Mathematical model of fresh water shortage using the example of the Grozny reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 451 (2023): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345104005.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematical models are used in many fields of science and technology, such as physics, chemistry, biology, economics, sociology, etc. In geoecology, they are used to analyze and predict changes in the environment caused by various anthropogenic and natural factors. One of the main tasks of mathematical modeling is the construction of models that most accurately reflect real processes and phenomena. Today, the problem of providing clean water is faced in developing countries, but the day is not far off when developed countries will also face it. Water cooperation and cooperation is one of the most important conditions for the sustainable development of an interdependent world. Water as a strategic resource, the basis of human life and habitat, is becoming a decisive factor in geopolitics. Overcoming natural challenges and man-made threats to preserve water for current and future generations is a vital task facing the international community; a solution can only be found together.
15
S. Thajeel, Muhsin, Ahmed H. Ali, and Khayyun M. Rahi. "ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ON COLLECTING OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND DETENTION POND DESIGNING TO REDUCE THE LOADS ONTO SANITARY NETWORKS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.25.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Rainwaters harvesting has been the vital source of water resource for drinkable and non-drinkable purposes in the ancient eras. As the water transportation systems stayed not used for water supply for these times. At present, the water distribution systems have upgraded, but the request to fresh water is increasing due to the inhabitants growing, and development. The water shortages and presented water supply for drinking are limited, which insisted the specialists working in the water division to search for solutions could be applied to the water deficiency that many countries in the world are facing. Optimization of water habit and the management of water resource will be able to aid to passing water shortage. This work contain the first designing and accumulation of rainwater from the rooftop in Baghdad City. Moreover, designing a detention pond using hydrology studio software programme to store the collected water.
16
Yessymkhanova, Z., Sh Niyazbekova, Zh Dauletkhanova, D. Satenova, S. Zhumasseitova, A. T. Kadyraliev, G. T. Supaeva, T. Dzholdosheva, and N. Dzholdoshev. "Water resources management in Kazakhstan in conditions of their shortage." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The current situation in the water sector of Kazakhstan is one of the important problems in the country’s environmental protection system. One of the priorities of the sustainable development policy is to ensure the well-being of the population, the introduction of environmental technologies, the creation of environmentally friendly water resources, providing the regions of the country with clean water, and much more. Important changes have taken place in the country’s water sector, and positive dynamics are beginning to be determined not only by intentions, but also by real actions aimed at improving the quality of fresh water and the entire water fund. The purpose of this article is to identify the problems of effective water use and renewal of water resources and the features of the transition to sustainable development of Kazakhstan’s economies in the context of globalization. In the context of globalization, the nature of the correlation between water management and the strategic directions of water resources management in the country is radically changing.
17
Dai, Yilun, and Jinyang Zhang. "Single Acute Toxicity Test of Eight Pollutants in Reclaimed Water to Q67." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, no. 11 (November 21, 2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v3i11.5718.
Full textAbstract:
Human development and water resources are inseparable, there is no shortage of water resources in the world, but there is a total amount of abundant, can directly use fresh water scarce. At the same time, the distribution of water resources in space and time is not uniform, and different regions have different development degrees and different utilization degrees of water resources.
18
Husainy, Avesahemad S. N., Omkar S. Karangale, and Vinayak Y. Shinde. "Experimental Study of Double Slope Solar Distillation with and without Effect of Latent Thermal Energy Storage." Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 6, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2017.6.2.2430.
Full textAbstract:
Hygienic drinkable water is a basic necessity for man along with food and air. Fresh water is also required for agricultural and industrial purposes. Most water sources are contaminated by industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff. The higher growth rate in world population and industries resulted water in a large acceleration of demand for fresh water.The natural source can meet a limited demand and this leads to acute shortage of fresh water. Hence, there is an issue to essentially treat the salt and contaminated into purified water. There are several methods to convert impure water into potable water for drinking, but out of them thermal method is economically viable. In this paper experimentation were carried out on two different setups of double slope single basin solar still with and without thermal energy storage by phase change material.
19
Sang, Honghui, Weihua Guo, Yun Gao, Xiyun Jiao, and Xiaobao Pan. "Effects of Alternating Fresh and Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Salinity and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Summer Maize." Water 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113054.
Full textAbstract:
Saline groundwater irrigation is an important way to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources. In order to find a reasonable saline irrigation method for farmland, an irrigation experiment was conducted with fresh water and saline water at the seedling, jointing, heading, and filling stages. The soil salinity, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of summer maize were measured. The results showed that alternating fresh and saline water irrigation led to a smaller increase in soil salinity relative to that irrigation with saline water alone. In addition, different sequences of alternating irrigation also significantly affected the accumulation of soil salinity. The maximum quantum yield, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion, photochemical quenching, and non-photochemical quenching varied greatly at the jointing stage and heading stage. Furthermore, the yield of maize that was irrigated with fresh water at the heading stage (8.53 t ha−1) was greater than that at the jointing (7.69 t ha−1) and filling stages (7.45 t ha−1). Therefore, these findings indicate that in areas where fresh water is scarce, priority should be given to the application of fresh water at the heading stages for summer maize irrigation.
20
Aliyeva, Narmina, Sattar Ibraqimov, and Maya Abdullayeva. "Possibility of using the Caspian Sea in agriculture with water shortage." E3S Web of Conferences 474 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447403001.
Full textAbstract:
The article provides information about the possibility of using Caspian Sea water as irrigation water for growing crops under current drought conditions in the republic. The studies carried out studied the chemical composition and degree of mineralization of the water of the Caspian Sea, and studied its effect on agricultural plants by mixing it with both clean and irrigation water in different proportions. In addition, the effect of seawater on washing saline soils was studied and it was found that loamy and clayey soils with a salinity level of less than two percent and a density of up to 5-6 g/l could be washed with seawater. Seawater with a concentration of 10-12 g/l can be used to wash highly saline and saline soils. It is also possible to wash soils with a light mechanical composition with natural seawater. In all three cases, at least 5000 m3 of fresh water per hectare is recommended to completely flush and remove residual salts from the soil.
21
Waqas Mazhar, Muhammad, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Iqbal Hussain, Abida Parveen, Khizar Hayat Bhatti, Muhammad Azeem, Sumaira Thind, et al. "Seed nano-priming with Zinc Oxide nanoparticles in rice mitigates drought and enhances agronomic profile." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): e0264967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264967.
Full textAbstract:
All cereal crops, particularly rice are perpetually affected due to drastic climatic changes which triggers different stressors resulting in food shortage scenarios across the globe. In modern era, application of nanotechnology holds the pledge in combating the climate change mediated environmental stressors through nanomaterials such as pesticides, nano-biosensors, nano-clays and nano-seed priming technologies. Current study is a part of experiment conducted to comprehend the behaviour of rice plants raised from Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) primed seeds under the water shortage environment. The seed priming treatment concentrations included 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 ppm. In the experimental results an increase in plant height, total chlorophyll contents, plant fresh and dry weights was obtained by use of seed priming with ZnONPs. The study results proved that seed priming with 25ppm of ZnONPs increased seed and straw yield with value of 85.333 and 123.333, respectively under water deficit environment. The analysis depicted that 25 ppm has been found more suitable for increasing the 1000 paddy weight of rice plants under both well irrigated and water shortage conditions. Seed priming with ZnONPs results in 53% reduction in MDA contents of water stressed rice plants Drought stress leads to reduction in plant height by 31%, plant fresh weight by 22% and plant dry weight by 28%. Seed priming treatments imparted in current study show significance increase in plant biomass. Priming with ZnONPs further enhances the levels of proline amino acid facilitating the plant to combat water shortage stress. A further elevation in activities of SOD, CAT and POD takes place in rice plants raised from ZnONPs primed seeds by 11%, 13% and 38%, respectively. An elevation in activities of antioxidant enzymes was found and the levels of oxidative stress indicators decreased upon seed priming with ZnONPs. Furthermore the yield characteristics such as panicle length, number of tillers, paddy yield and straw yield of the rice plants raised through ZnONPs primed seeds enhanced. The ZnONPs at concentration of 25 ppm proved optimum in alleviating drought induced damages. It can be inferred that seed pre conditioning with ZnONPs is helpful in increasing yield attributes under the water shortage environment.
22
Alghamdi, Abdulaziz G., Anwar A. Aly, Abdulrasoul M. Al-Omran, Ibrahim I. Louki, and Arafat Alkhasha. "Tomato Yield Responses to Deficit Irrigation and Partial Root Zone Drying Methods Using Biochar: A Greenhouse Experiment in a Loamy Sand Soil Using Fresh and Saline Irrigation Water." Water 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152797.
Full textAbstract:
The impacts of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) on water productivity (WP), crop water response factor (Ky), and yield of tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum) were explored in this study using fresh (0.9 dS m−1) and saline (3.6 dS m−1) water under greenhouse conditions. RDI had four ETc (crop evapotranspiration) levels, i.e., 40, 60, 80, and 100%. PRD adopted 100% ETc for all treatments with changes in its application time (first, second, third, and fourth growth stages). Biochar pyrolyzed at 450–500 °C and added at rate of 4%. The results revealed that the Ky ranged between 0.21 and 0.37, indicating that tomato can tolerate a shortage of irrigation water. The highest value of WP (191 kg m−3) was found in 40% ETc using fresh water with biochar. The highest yield (20.0 kg m−2) was obtained with the application of 100% ETc with fresh water and biochar. Biochar application did not result in favorable yields with saline water due to its high salinity (7.8 dS m−1). The use of PRD in the fourth stage with biochar and fresh water led to the highest yield (20.6 kg m−2). Finally, this study recommends the application of biochar only when fresh irrigation water is available in adequate amounts.
23
Lane, Jan-Erik. "Asia and Climate Change: How It Will Play Out From the Bosporus to Djakarta." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v3i2.358.
Full textAbstract:
Now that the measure of CO2 emissions has broken through 410 on the standard Keeling curve (Earth CO2 website), one may start drawing a scenario for climate change repercussions, here for the Asian continent. It pollutes most of all continents in terms of both greenhouse gases and many other pollutants. The threats to mankind comes in the form of sea level rise, fresh water shortage, less of potable water, shrinking of lakes and rivers, deoxygenation of oceans, less fish food and agriculture produce, energy shortages, omnipresent air conditioning, urban smog, water and sea pollution due to sewage and failures with landfills. Asia, hosting more than half of mankind, will suffer massively from global warming with millions of ecological refugees. The UN’s program, the COP21 by the UNFCCC, cannot stop Asia from reaching Hawking irreversibility, because it entails too weak global governance that is cheatable. The promise of complete decarbonisation is an illusion.
24
Wu, Yi Ling, Xian Zheng Gong, Yu Liu, Xiao Qing Li, Xiao Fei Tian, Hong Tao Wang, and Chang Xing Ye. "Water Footprint Evaluation of the Production of Float Flat Glass." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.1102.
Full textAbstract:
The ISO14046 water footprint evaluation method was used in this study to calculate the water shortage footprint and water degradation footprint in plate glass production, in order to improve the water efficiency and management level in the production process of plate glass in China. A certain enterprise in Hebei province was selected for investigation in 2018. The results show that the water shortage footprint generated by the production of flat glass was 0.435 m3H2Oeq/weight box. The proportion at raw material production stage was the largest, being 86%, so the water consumption control in raw material mining and the circulating water system should be strengthened and improved to reduce the fresh water consumption. Water degradation footprint in flat glass industry mainly consisted of eutrophication and acidification footprints. The eutrophication footprint was calculated as 0.027 kgNO3-eq/weight box, and water acidification footprint was 0.271 kgSO2eq/weight box. The largest proportion occurred at flat glass production stage. It should be paid attention at this stage, to update the relatively clean production equipments and add the waste gas processing steps to reduce pollution discharge.
25
Ahmed, Sk Ibrar, and Quazi Mohmmad Alfred. "Context aware Secure Collaborative Business Intelligence." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2022.12108.
Full textAbstract:
India can face an shortage of potable and fresh water in the near future. Coherent, efficient, and low-cost methods to monitor water usage are crucial to prevent this alarming issue. Measurement of water usage accompanied with monitoring the purity of water can result in saving of water.In this paper an IoT based complete water flow monitoring system with some added features (Internet of Things) is proposed here. The entire setup is developed using Wi-Fi enabled microcontroller which consists of various sensors and actuators e.g hall effect sensor, pH. sensor, TDS sensor, solenoid valve, etc.Hall effect sensor is mainly used to measure the water flow whereas pH and the TDS sensors are used to measure the purity of water. The solenoid valve is used to control the water supply. To meet the need for fresh and drinkable water a novelsolution is proposed in this paper which is based upon cloud based IoT (Internet of Things)network.
26
Ageenkov, E. V., V. V. Olenchenko, and A. S. Kalganov. "Electrical prospecting for the study of freshwater reservoirs in water areas." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-1-287-293.
Full textAbstract:
Subaqueous freshwater collectors are developed under the waters of the seas, large rivers and lakes. In regions where there is a shortage of fresh water, its extraction from such collectors becomes relevant. Dipole electrical installations are considered for solving the problem of prospecting and exploration of a freshwater reservoir in the water areas. Changes in electrical resistivity and polarizability are studied for the normal and anomalous models. Conclusions are drawn about the optimality of electromagnetic survey parameters for solving hydrogeological problems in water areas.
27
Yerli, Caner, and Ustun Sahin. "DIRECT SOWING IMPROVES CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF SILAGE MAIZE FULLY IRRIGATED WITH RECYCLED WASTE WATER BY INCREASING WATER RETENTION IN THE SOIL." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 22 (December 31, 2022): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.016.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing fresh water shortage has revealed the use of waste water in agricultural irrigation, deficit irrigation approaches and integrated management of soil moisture with tillage-sowing practices. The crop productivity in the irrigated conditions is directly controlled by photosynthetic activities. Therefore, the effects of the irrigation with recycled domestic waste water at different irrigation water levels (100%, 67% and 33%), compared to full irrigated fresh water, on the chlorophyll content of silage maize and surface soil moisture in conventional tillage and direct sowing conditions were examined in the irrigation periods of two experimental years (2020 and 2021). The soil moisture was determined by 1.5% higher in direct sowing than in conventional tillage, and the chlorophyll content in full irrigation with waste water and the direct sowing was found by 4.9% and 1.9% higher than in full irrigation with fresh water and conventional tillage, respectively. However, chlorophyll content decreased by 20.7% and 34.0% at 33% and 67% deficit irrigation with waste water compared to full irrigation with waste water. The significant (p<0.01) linear correlation between the soil moisture and chlorophyll content showed that chlorophyll content can be managed with the soil moisture. It can have concluded that full irrigation with waste water in the direct sowing can be recommended with positive effects on the conservation of fresh water resources, effective managing soil moisture, thus saving irrigation water, increasing chlorophyll content and crop productivity.
28
Fang, Jingkang, Mengsheng Xia, Yule Li, and Junkai Gao. "Preparation of flower-like hydrogel and its application in sea water desalination." E3S Web of Conferences 385 (2023): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338504011.
Full textAbstract:
The situation of global water crisis is becoming more and more serious[1]. Due to the inconvenience of fresh water carrying or long-term storage and deterioration, the personnel and equipment of oceangoing ships are in urgent need of fresh water resources[2]. However, the traditional seawater desalination technology will consume fossil energy or its economy is not high. Under the background of a series of green ship development plans, people focus on green clean energy to solve the problem of fresh water shortage[3]. Interfacial photoevaporation is an effective strategy to promote seawater desalination and pollutant treatment. Photothermal conversion materials and evaporators have shown their good performance in improving seawater desalination efficiency. In this paper, the photohot water gel prepared by calcium chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium citrate, tannic acid and ferric chloride was used as the photothermal conversion material[4]. The properties of photoevaporative seawater desalination materials were studied by a series of instruments such as optical microscope and contact Angle measuring instrument. The experimental results show that the flower-like hydrogel has high photothermal conversion efficiency and has a good application prospect in green Marine desalination field.
29
Kvint, Vladimir L., Nikita I. Sasaev, and Anna S. Khvorostyanaya. "Strategizing Russian bottled water industry: trends, priorities and principles." Economic Revival of Russia, no. 2 (68) (2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2021-2-68-20-33.
Full textAbstract:
Water is the basic value of human life. However, the shortage of drinking water in the world is increasing and this global negative trend creates a strategic humanity threat. Because of this, the importance, economics, and water supply strategy are becoming more relevant and have become national security important factor. The authors analyze the main strategic tools for the drinking water shortage compensating in a number of regions and countries of the world and show that one of them is the drinking water bottling. Unlike the majority of foreign and domestic studies devoted to commercial aspects of the production and sale of bottled drinking water, the authors of this study consider these aspects mainly from the point of view of public and state (budget) efficiency. The article formulates the strategic possibility, feasibility and forms of fresh water in Russia commercialization – a country with one of the highest levels of availability of this resource. The authors consider the main priorities and formulate the main principles of strategizing the development of the Russian bottled drinking water industry. The authors also show that one of the most effective tools for successful implementation of the industry development strategy is strategic marketing and branding.
30
Ratnasari, Anisa, Arya Bhaskara Adiprabowo, Andhika Gilang Al Afgani, Atik Widiyanti, and Lily Oktavia. "Potential of rainwater harvesting in wilayah persekutuan Malaysia." Environmental and Toxicology Management 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v2i2.3410.
Full textAbstract:
Although Malaysia has abundant water resources, some parts of Malaysia are currently facing water shortage problems. The increasing demand for water has sparked initiatives to seek alternative water supplies. Rainwater harvesting has been proposed by governments as part of the solution to alleviate the problem of water scarcity. Literature related to rainwater harvesting is available from a variety of sources. In this study, rainfall was analysed as a crucial factor affecting RWHS efficiency, rainwater potential at different zones for residential, industrial, and commercial. In addition, the study evaluated the rainwater quality that obtain fresh rainfall and roof rainfall. Furthermore, potential of treatment technology for rainwater was suggested to optimate rainwater harvesting.
31
Abukila, Alaa F., Rasha M. S. El Kholy, and Mohammed I. Kandil. "Evaluation of several scenarios for mixing drainage water with fresh for El Salam Canal at shortage supply of Nile water." International Journal of Environmental Engineering 5, no. 4 (2013): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijee.2013.056638.
Full text
32
Falah, Mohammad Affan Fajar, Putri Yuliastuti, Risma Hanifah, Pujo Saroyo, and Jumeri Jumeri. "QUALITY OF FRESH STRAWBERRY (Fragaria sp cv. HOLIBERT ) FROM KETEP MAGELANG CENTRAL JAVA AND ITS STORAGE IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT." Jurnal Agroindustri 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.8.1.1-10.
Full textAbstract:
Strawberry (Fragaria sp cv Holibert) is a non-climakteric fruit which have high value with high consumer demand. Tropical environment conditions can deteriorate and decrease quality of their fruit. Objective of the research were to identify quality characteristics of fresh strawberry that storages in tropical environment with and without temperature controlled.Strawberry fruit were sampled from mountain area in Ketep, Magelang, Central Java. Several quality parameter were measured include physical parameter (fresh weight, weight loss, skin texture and color) and chemical parameter (water content, soluble solid content, vitamin C and titratable acidity). Then, fresh weight of strawberry were compared with IQS 8026-2014 using control chart. Storage conditions were tropical condition without controlled temperature and controlled temperature at 4 oC and 10 oC. Result shown that chemical parameters of fresh strawberry were optimum at 4 oC storage condition for water content and soluble solid content. Physical parameter of fresh starwberry were better conditions at controlled environment. The standard quality was confirmed with class 1 for weight averages >15-20 g/fruit for best fruit . Tropical conditions were deteriorate quality and shortage shelf life of the strawberry.
33
Manilapai, Jusuf, Fredrik L. Benu, and Agus A. Nalle. "Willingness To Pay Konsumen Pengguna Air Di Sub-Das Kali Dendeng – Kota Kupang." Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 21, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2021.v21.i01.p01.
Full textAbstract:
Global awareness towards climate change has been a serious concern for archipelago countries due to water shortage. This problem even causes more serious life-threating phenomenon because water is one of the main resources for energy circulation. Whether change anomalies have brought about impacts on seasonal shift on several islands of Indonesia, including those in East Nusa Tenggara province. These islands experience drought. Fresh water availability for industry and domestic use in cities like Kupang has been a serious problem. This issue becomes worse in recent years due to significant increase of city population. Public responsibility to maintain natural environment and resources is therefore required. This study tries to investigate public concerns over the water shortage issue in order (1) to know to what extent public is willing to pay their consumption of fresh water provided through Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng; and (2) to analyze factors that influence the willingness of the fresh water consumers to pay for environment services provided at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. Quantitative approach which relies on primary and secondary data gathered through interview and field observation is applied in this study. The data were analyzed by using Dichotomous Choice CVM, Turnbull Method, and Logistic Regression to find out WTP value. The results of this analysis are described within the environmental science perspective to find out the relationship among various factors for being water consumer responsibility towards water resources preservation at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng in Kupang. The results of the analysis show that the willingness to pay for fresh water by consumer at Kelurahan Manutapen, Mantasi dan Airmata is significantly high. They are willing to pay between Rp. 3.362 to Rp.11.328 according to WTP calculation. This amount is much higher than that determined by the city freshwater supplier company (PDAM). The facts for the reason why the consumers are willing to pay for higher amount for fresh water supply are determined by several factors; they include bidding value, consumer’s level of education, consumer’s income, water quality, and the amount of the family members. These factors simultaneously influence the water consumer willingness to pay for the water they consume; and this willingness factor has significantly high impacts as seen in Negelkerke R. Square value at 0,600, or being comparable to 60%; meaning that various factors of 60% in Y are able to explain all free variable in X. Respondents for this study are those who use fresh water supplied from Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, and those who reside around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. It is believed that there must be more citizens around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, who also contribute negative impact toward the ecological environmental change, yet these individuals have no direct responsibility, and therefore the responsibility for the environmental conservation examined trough this study might not be thoroughly measured by the amount of WTP they pay.
34
Mustain, Iing, Abdurohman, and Haris Rahmanto. "Studi Kinerja Fresh Water Generator Di Kapal AHTS PETEKA 5401." Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim 1, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51578/j.sitektransmar.v1i2.3.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh water is one of the primary needs on board. Shortage of fresh water on board, has a considerable risk, and to overcome the problem of lack of fresh water, commercial vessels are generally equipped with fresh water generators where the aircraft works with the process of evaporating seawater in the evaporator and seawater vapor is cooled with the way condensation in the distillation plane to produce fresh water. The fresh water genertaor parts are Evaporator, Condenser, Demister, Water ejector, Ejector Pump, and Destillate Pump. Then the Cause of Declining Freshwater Production in Fresh Water Generators is a decrease in fresh water production in fresh water generators. As for how to overcome so that the production of fresh water produced by fresh water generators does not decrease ie when the evaporator plate is cleaned, make sure the gasket on the plate must be in good condition, then cleaned from the crust attached to the plate, once every six months the nozzle and diffuser ( throwers) are removed and examined. And check the ejector pump for leaks and from corrosion such as impellers, casings, rings and shafts. In generating data the author uses descriptive research that is used to find the broadest possible knowledge of the object of research at a particular time. Descriptive research is research whose purpose is to explain or describe an event, condition, object whether a person, or everything related to variables that can be explained using either numbers or words. Keywords : Fresh Water Generator, Evaporator, Ejector Pump
Air tawar merupakan salah satu kebutuhan primer di atas kapal. Kekurangan air tawar di atas kapal, mempunyai resiko yang cukup besar, dan untuk mengatasi masalah kekurangan air tawar, kapal-kapal niaga pada umumnya dilengkapi dengan fresh water generator dimana pesawat ini bekerja dengan proses menguapkan air laut di dalam evaporator dan uap air laut didinginkan dengan cara kondensasi di dalam pesawat destilasi sehingga menghasilkan air tawar. Bagian-bagian fresh water genertaor adalah Evaporator, Kondensor, Demister, Air ejektor, Pompa ejektor, dan Pompa destillate. Kemudian Penyebab Menurunnya Produksi Air Tawar Pada Fresh Water Generator adalah menurunnya produksi air tawar pada fresh water generator. Adapun cara mengatasi agar produksi air tawar yang di hasilakan fresh water generator tidak menurun yaitu pada saat plat evaporator dibersihkan, pastikan gasket pada plat harus dalam kondisi baik, kemudian dibersihkan dari kerak-kerak yang menempel pada plat, setiap enam bulan sekali nozzle dan difuser (penyembur) dilepas dan diperiksa. Dan periksa pompa ejektor dari kebocoran dan dari korosi seperti impeller, casing, ring, dan shaft. Dalam menghasilkan data penulis menggunakan penelitian deskriptif yang digunakan untuk menemukan pengetahuan yang seluas-luasnya terhadap objek penelitian pada suatu masa tertentu. Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang tujuannya untuk menjelaskan atau mendeskripsikan suatu peristiwa, keadaan, objek apakah orang, atau segala sesuatu yang terkait dengan variabel-variebel yang bisa dijelaskan baik menggunakan angka-angka maupun kata-kata. Kata Kunci : Fresh Water Generator, Evaporator, Pompa Ejektor
35
Wang, Jun, Songgan Weng, Tongshun Wang, Xing Yang, Miao Hou, and Xinyuan Zhang. "The corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803044.
Full textAbstract:
This study performed a quantitative evaluation of the impact of the corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu. In this work, the yield and the amount of irrigation water of corps’ (watermelon, green pepper, and rice) with different water-saving irrigation modes were investigated. The results indicate that the drip-irrigation and micro-spray irrigation can observably reduce the amount of irrigation-water. With respect to normal irrigation, the rate of water-saving is 39.2%. At the same time, there’s been some improvement in the yield of corps. Water-saving irrigation can been accepted as an important means for alleviating the shortage of fresh water resources in the new reclamation.
36
Ali, Qasim, Sumreena Shahid, Shafaqat Ali, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Abdullah I. Hussain, Rashida Perveen, Naeem Iqbal, et al. "Fertigation of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) with Fe-Glutamate Confers Better Plant Performance and Drought Tolerance in Comparison with FeSO4." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177119.
Full textAbstract:
Shortage of fresh water limits crop yield. Different ways including the use of chemicals are being employed for the improvement in yield through induction of plant performance. In the present study, ajwain plants grown under water stress and normal irrigation conditions were fertigated with Fe-chelated glutamate (Fe-Glu), as a foliar spray for the induction of plant performance in comparison with FeSO4. Water shortage adversely affected the plant growth and seed yield, associated with decreased uptake of water and nutrients, along with perturbations in different physio-biochemical attributes. On the other hand, Fe-Glu and FeSO4 fertigation improved plant performance under water stress and normal irrigation conditions. Fe-Glu and FeSO4 fertigation ameliorated the adverse effects of water stress on biomass and seed production, improved water and nutrients uptake, increased the accumulation of essential amino acids, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids, and reduced the lipid peroxidation due to the induction of antioxidative mechanisms. Fertigation of Fe-Glu and FeSO4 also improved Fe uptake and conferred better mobility and availability of Fe for plants when applied in chelated form. Overall, a significant improvement in ajwain performance under water stress and normal irrigation conditions was recorded due to the fertigation of Fe-Glu as compared with FeSO4.
37
Ewaid, Salam, Salwan Abed, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. "Water Footprint of Wheat in Iraq." Water 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030535.
Full textAbstract:
The water footprint (WF) is an indicator of indirect and direct fresh water use. In respect of facilitating decision-making processes, WF gives an excellent perspective on how and where fresh water is used in the supply chain. More than 39 million people live in Iraq and, with a growing population, there is a water shortage and a rising demand for food that cannot be met in the future. In this study, the WF of wheat production is estimated for the year 2016–2017 for 15 Iraqi provinces. The WF was calculated using the method of Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011) and the CROPWAT and CLIMWAT softwares’ crop water requirement option. It was found that the WF in m3/ton was 1876 m3/ton. The 15 provinces showed variations in WFs, which can be ascribed to the difference in climate and production values. The highest wheat WF was found in Nineveh province, followed by Muthanna, Anbar, and Basra. The last three provinces produce little and have a high WF so, in these provinces, wheat can be replaced with crops that need less water and provide more economic benefit. There is an opportunity to reduce the green WF by increasing production from the 4 rain-fed provinces, which will reduce the need for production from the irrigated provinces and, therefore, reduce the use of blue water.
38
Valkov, Anton, Kate Raik, Yamit Mualem-Sinai, Faina Nakonechny, and Marina Nisnevitch. "Water Disinfection by Immobilized Photosensitizers." Water 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010026.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh water shortage has become a global problem. A partial solution for this problem is the use of treated and disinfected wastewater for irrigation. However, most existing wastewater disinfection methods are based on the use of aggressive chemicals or power-consuming physical processes. Photodynamic eradication of waterborne bacteria by immobilized photosensitizers may be a good alternative to conventional methods. In the present work, the photosensitizers Rose Bengal sodium salt, Rose Bengal lactone, methylene blue, and hematoporphyrin were immobilized in polyethylene or polypropylene using a “green” method of co-extrusion, without addition of any chemicals, yielding polymeric strips and beads containing the photosensitizers. The antibacterial efficiency of these immobilized photosensitizers was tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli in batch and continuous regimes upon illumination with a white luminescent lamp. All examined photosensitizers demonstrated a good ability to decrease the bacterial concentration, up to their total eradication. Immobilized photosensitizers are proposed for batch or continuous disinfection of wastewater after secondary treatment.
39
Karvelas, Evangelos, Christos Liosis, Theodoros Karakasidis, and Ioannis Sarris. "Micromixing Nanoparticles and Contaminated Water Under Different Velocities for Optimum Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002065.
Full textAbstract:
Effective mixing between contaminated water and nanoparticles is of great importance in various purification applications of microfluidics, especially when heavy metals are involved. Electromagnetic and shear mixing is combined here to explore optimization mixing strategies. A contaminated water stream is confined between two fresh-water streams loaded with nanoparticles and their mixing is studied numerically. The magnetic mixing is superimposed here with a time-modulated gradient external magnetic field. Results show that as velocity ratio increases, mixing between the heavy metals and nanoparticles grows more efficient, mainly due to increased shear, however, magnetic field action is catalytic to homogenise the mixture as water streams move away from the inlets. The present findings may shorten the path to purifying water and reduce its shortage.
40
Rivelli, Anna Rita, Muhammad Zubair Akram, and Angela Libutti. "Woody Biochar Rate and Water Shortage Impact on Early Growth Stages of Chenopodium quinoa Willd." Agronomy 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010053.
Full textAbstract:
The application of biochar to agricultural soils has been proven to have many advantages, including the improvement of soil water holding capacity and plant growth, particularly under limiting conditions of water supply. The response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to water shortage occurring during the vegetative growth stages is not well known. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of three wood chip biochar rates (0%, 2% and 4%) and two water regimes (100 and 50% evapotranspiration losses restitution) on the vegetative development and water status of quinoa (cultivar Titicaca). The results showed that the treatment with 2% wood chip biochar improved plant height, leaf and branch number and stem diameter during the vegetative growing cycle compared to the 0% (control) and 4% biochar treatments, which were not different from each other. At the end of the experiment, when the plants were at the flowering initiation stage, increases of 23% in leaf area, 22% in fresh biomass, 27% in main panicle length and 36% in sub-panicle number were observed. The application of woody biochar at a 4% rate, although improving the plant water status with increases of 10% in RWC and 18% in Ψ, did not enhance the vegetative development of the quinoa. The water shortage negatively affected both the growth performance and plant water status. The best growth response of quinoa was observed only when the plants were treated with a 2% biochar rate and were fully irrigated.
41
Qasim, Tarek, Mohammed Said Obeidat, and Hazem Smadi. "Technical and Economical Evaluation of a Fresh-Water Production from Zero-Wastewater Reverse Osmosis System: A Feasibility Study in Jordan." Review of European Studies 10, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n2p53.
Full textAbstract:
Jordan endures a shortage of fresh drinking water. Thus, there is a wide use of reverse osmosis (RO) units at homes and industrial zones. Zero wastewater, which is a modified reverse osmosis system, is developed and evaluated to overcome the problem of limited water. In Jordan, for example, Petra Company for Water Treatment Systems was established to mass-produce the newly modified RO units. In this study, a feasibility study is conducted to evaluate the technical and economical aspects of mass production of the new RO systems. With increasing future demand for fresh water, it is expected that the introduction of the new system to regional countries would save huge amounts of water. Additionally, good economical impacts will be achieved as a net profit to the newly established company. This expected extra profit would be set the base for further development to the modified RO system, such as introducing a compact multistage filtration unit. Results of the feasibility study showed a huge amount of water saving per annum estimated by 4.5 million cubic meter. In addition, a half million of Jordanian Dinar (JD) of a net annual profit attained at the current demand of RO units in Jordan.
42
Zhang, Yong Yong. "A Design Scheme of Device for Producing Fresh Water." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.559.
Full textAbstract:
This paper designed a new device for producing fresh water. In order to solve the problem of freshwater shortage in the offshore drilling platform or barren island, Firstly the device will change wave energy into gravitational potential energy of the floater. Then the gravitational potential energy of the floater is converted into mechanical energy by the intermediate transmission device. and mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by the vacuum pump. The pressure of the system is reduced. The saturation temperature of water is further fall. Then the evaporation of seawater required heat is reduced. so the device has the effect of saving energy. Firstly, this paper established the mathematical model in the steady state. Through the analysis of the mathematical model, water production can meet the fresh water requirements of offshore drilling platforms, the device has the economic efficiency and good energy saving effect.. Research contents Firstly, through consulting data and sampling methods, we determine the amount of fresh water of offshore drilling platform on one day, and the minimum water production capacity should be determined; and determine the structural frame work platform sea area near the stable system and weather related natural factors (example: wind speed, wave height, wave cycle).The related natural factors in each season the working platform nearby the offshore drilling platform should be determined.(example: wind speed, wave height, wave cycle). Secondly, according to the analysis of survey results and data, we calculate the dilution tank capacity and the minimum pressure to bear; designing shape of floater , the determination of its size, the reasonable selection of materials, rational design of the wave shape, determine the size, screening materials; reasonable arrangements for the design of negative pressure fresh water conversion device installation. The reasonable installation of the device on the drilling platform Thirdly, we consider the low limit, tank capacity and the size of floater, and errors should be taken into account, then we can determine the working volume of vacuum pump, selecting materials, reasonable pipeline design; determining the size of solar panels and the calculation of the generation. Fourthly, we calculate the minimum driving force, the average working distance of float and power of the pump by the data Fifthly, we considering the various data, then testing weather design of the device is very reasonable through the reasonable calculation; And according to the minimum driving force and float force, we calculate parameters of intermediate transmission mechanism, the design efficient transmission device; by considering the proper placement of solar energy device. Fig. 1 is the research process. Fig. 1 the research process
43
Abdel Ghany, Tarek M., Mohamed S. Mahmoud, Mohamed M. Alawlaqi, Ahmed M. Reyad, Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi, and Eman M. Abdkareem. "Physicochemical characterization of agricultural run-off and groundwater inoculated by Trichoderma asperellum and its effect on anti-oxidative enzymes production by irrigated Trifolium alexandrinum L." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 3272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3272-3284.
Full textAbstract:
Water safety and security has become a great problem in recent years, as the shortage of water resources in most countries is becoming an increasingly serious issue. Therefore, searching for new water sources or treating contaminated water has become a major requirement to covering the shortage of fresh water. The current study evaluated the impact of Trichoderma asperellum on the physicochemical characterization of agricultural run-off (AR) compared with groundwater (GW). Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), and total dissolved salts (TDS) of AR were higher than that of GW with 90, 90.2, 91.9, 78, and 61.6%, respectively. The addition of T. asperellum to AR caused the COD, BOD5, ammonia, TN, and TDS to decrease 47.2, 39.2, 16.2, 12.9, and 4.8%, respectively. Contents of metals in AR or GW were decreased by T. asperellum. Microbial analysis of soil irrigated by AR in contrast to irrigated by GW showed the presence of a high number of bacteria (32 × 106 CFU), actinomycetes (18 × 104 CFU), and fungi (13 × 104 CFU). Trifolium alexandrinum growth and its antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were enhanced by AR inoculated by T. asperellum compared with un-inoculated AR or GW.
44
Basha, Kebede, and Bobo Tekle. "Demonstration of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) varieties at selected highland and midland agro-ecologies of Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia." Global Journal of Ecology 8, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/gje.000083.
Full textAbstract:
Guji zone has different agro-ecologies suitable for livestock production. However, grazing land was shrinking for the production of feed which is the most pre-request for livestock production. As a result, farmers used pasture and crop residues which are insufficient and not available during the dry season. Hence, there was a feed shortage at different agroecologies. Rhodes grass is used as livestock feed, soil, and water conservation but improved Rhodes grass varieties were not intensively produced by farmers and hence feed shortage is affecting the supply of livestock products for household consumption. Improved Rhodes grass is the possible solution for feed shortage due to it is intensively harvested throughout the year and ensures feed availability for livestock. Therefore, a demonstration of Rhodes grass is needed on a farmer’s field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Rhodes grass on farmers’ plots. Adola Rede (midland agroecology) and Ana Sora (highland agroecology) were selected based on their livestock and Rhodes grass production potential. Masaba and ILRI-7384 Rhodes grass varieties were demonstrated on a 50 m2 plot area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Accordingly, the Masaba variety was highly performed in plant height (108.6 cm), fresh biomass (4.24t/ha), and survival rate (83.4%) than ILRI-7384 accession at both agroecologies. Except in seed yield at the highland area in all traits, the Masaba variety was well performed than ILRI-7384. The result of one-way ANOVA revealed that across agroecology fresh biomass yield and survival rate of Masaba was a statistically significant difference at 10% and 5% respectively. Farmers liked to produce Rhode grass varieties. Fresh biomass and survival rate was important trait obtained from the Masaba variety in both agro-ecologies. Thus, the Masaba variety was recommended for livestock feed at highland and midland agro-ecologies of the Guji zone.
45
Matishov, G. G., and K. S. Grigorenko. "DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE DON DELTA IN THE LACK OF WATER CONDITIONS." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 512, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723601151.
Full textAbstract:
Lack of water and regulation of the Don river runoff led to an irreversible transformation of natural hydrological and hydrochemical processes. At the end of 2022, despite of the shortage of river water, the region began laying a water pipeline to the Donbass, with a capacity of up to 300,000 cubic meters of water per day. Are there enough reserves of water resources for ever-increasing economic needs, throughout the year? The work is based on a targeted study of the chemical composition of water under different regimes and sea levels on the Taganrog coast of the Don Bay and Delta. The experiment covers the period from December 2, 2022 to January 30, 2023, and separate measurements, for comparison, on February 21; 30.03; 17.04.2023. Summary, three types of ionic composition were distinguished, which characterizes the Svinoe arm of the Don delta. Marine - with dominance (more than 80%) of summary amount of sodium and potassium ions, chlorides and salinity up to 7–9 g/L. The Don waters correspond to low mineralization (less than 2 g/l), an increased proportion of Na+ + K+ (50–60%), a close amount of SO\(_{4}^{{2 - }}\) and HCO\(_{3}^{ - }\) (30–40% each). Since 2018, the presence of ground waters has been regularly recorded when the level decreases. There are brackish waters with a salt content of more than 5 g/L. They typically have a high content of sodium and potassium (more than 60%) and sulfate ions (60–80%). Monitoring shows, that the shortage of fresh drinking water will increase, and as its withdrawal increases, it will accelerate in time. It will be replaced (up to 5–7‰) with mineralized ground and Black Sea water. In what proportions will be pumped (redistributed by seasons) weakly brackish (2–4 g/L) and brackish (4–8 g/L) water into water pipelines remains to be explored.
46
Ashour, Mohamed A., Tawab E. Aly, and Ahmed E. Hasan. "New technique for preparing and reusing agricultural drainage water safely in irrigation." Limnological Review 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0013.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNot so long ago, due to the great shortage of irrigation water, Egypt on the national level, began to mix (in a certain percentage) raw agricultural drainage water with fresh irrigation water. This mix was for enhancing its quality to be compatible with the proper specifications and standards of irrigation water, for using it safely in the irrigation process, to compensate for the severe shortage of available quantities of irrigation water. In some regions, and local farms, to save their crops farmers were forced to use the drainage water available in the nearby area drains for irrigation due to the problem of insufficient water in the distributary canals. Such use of raw drainage water can cause great harm and has a negative impact on the environment generally, especially on aquatic and agricultural life. Therefore, in this study we aim to introduce an efficient, simple, cheap mobile treatment unit. This new introduced treatment unit can be used locally on farms to solve the problem of insufficient quantities of irrigation water, and also in some cases where the irrigation water, for various reasons, does not reach the ends of some irrigation canals thus causing a serious problem for farmers. The new introduced treatment unit, using some environmentally friendly cheap materials in certain tested quantities and doses, through three designed cylindrical filtration containers connected with each other respectively, succeeded in converting raw contaminated drainage agricultural water into safe water that can be safely and directly used in the irrigation process.
47
Jounaid, Halima, Taha Attou, Toufik Remmal, and Aimad Bouaziz. "Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor." Water 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040928.
Full textAbstract:
Taourit-Oujda corridor (T.O.C.) is a geological entity of north-eastern Morocco with a total area of 4000 Km2. The drinking water supply in this arid region still faces challenges that meet a growing demand for a shortage of fresh water. This shortage is mainly due to the scarcity and irregularity of the precipitations, the overexploitation of the water resources, and the decrease of the capacity of storage dams that are the main source of drinking water supply in this area. This work aims at estimating deficit (to 2040) for drinking water provided by Machraa Hammadi dam and proposing favourable drilling sites to strengthen drinking water supply through the identification of groundwater resources that can be used in quantity and quality. To do this, a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) covering geological, hydrogeological and hydro-chemical aspects using the Geographical Information System (GIS) was carried out. This study shows that T.O.C. aquifer is more productive in the south-west of it, in the centre near the El Aioun municipality and in the north-east at the town of Sidi Bouhouria. According to Moroccan standards, defining the quality norms of surface waters, waters destined for irrigation, and of surface waters used for the production of drinking water, the groundwater in the center and north-east areas is also with good to medium overall quality groundwater.
48
Arif, Kashif, and Perveiz Khalid. "Hydrostratigraphy and hydrogeophysical studies to delineate fresh and saline aquifer boundaries in Lesser Cholistan of Pakistan." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 5, 2023): e0292035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292035.
Full textAbstract:
The differentiation of saline water and fresh water interfaces is a key objective in ground water exploration and management. Bahawalpur is the twelfth biggest metropolitan area of Pakistan situated in south Punjab near the bank of River Sutlej and lies at 29°59’55” N latitude and 73°15’12” E longitude at an elevation of 521 ft AMSL in the Cholistan area close to the Thar abandon. The study area comprised of Lesser Cholistan experiencing acute shortage of water for inhabitants and livestock as well. The occurrence of fresh water is also challenging because of high salinity in groundwater. The present study is intended to identify hotspots of fresh groundwater zones. To achieve the goal, vertical electrical resistivity and borehole data are used to mark fresh and saline interfaces in groundwater. To achieve the results 230 vertical electric sounding were performed in the study area. A total of 3 to 5 geo-electric layers are identified with modeling along with the processing and interpretation of resistivity data. In the study area, resistivity values are classified as very high (>230 Ω-m), high (230–100 Ω-m), medium (100–40 Ω-m), low (40–20 Ω-m) and very low (<20 Ω-m). Borehole data is used to interpret subsurface lithologies and to calibrate the modeled resistivity curves. The electric resistivity data indicates that thick layers of Quaternary sediments is present in the subsurface that is primarily composed of clay, silt, sand, gravels and some kanker. Inversion technique is applied to generate 2D subsurface resistivity maps to delineate fresh and saline water zones. The generated 2D resistivity maps at variable depth above and below water table and formation resistivity maps are successfully utilized to differentiate fresh and saline water zones. The identification of a saline water aquifer within sediments rich in clay was made possible by the observation of very low resistivity measurements in the southern region. Conversely, the detection of relatively high resistivity values, coupled with the presence of sand and gravel deposits in the northern section of the lesser Cholistan area, provided compelling evidence of the existence of fresh groundwater. These findings have significant implications for the management of water resources in the region, as they provide valuable insights into the distribution and availability of groundwater resources for future use.
49
Boychenko, Svitlana, Tetyana Kuchma, and Ievgen V. Khlobystov. "Changes in the Water Surface Area of Reservoirs of the Crimean Peninsula and Artificial Increases in Precipitation as One of the Possible Solutions to Water Shortages." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169995.
Full textAbstract:
The climatic conditions of Crimea are semiarid; therefore, alternative sources of fresh water are needed. A significant increase in water use and consumption (due to the intensification of construction, industry, tourism, and militarization), along with the cessation of fresh water supplies from mainland Ukraine, has reduced the water levels in some reservoirs to critical levels, and climate change has exacerbated this situation. There has been a significant decrease in precipitation by 10–15% on the Crimean Peninsula, accompanied by an increase in surface temperature by 0.8 ± 0.1 °C per 10 years during the period 1991–2020. The analysis of satellite-driven drought severity index reveals that the vast area of Crimean steppe is exposed to moderate–high drought risk. According to Landsat satellite imagery, there is a decreasing tendency for the water mirror area of all reservoirs, with a decrease of 34% on average in 2021 compared to 2015. The retrospective analysis of satellite images for 2015–2021 showed that the water surface area of the Simferopol reservoir had decreased on average by ~20% compared to 2015. To solve the problems associated with the shortage of fresh water, a series of works on the active influences on atmospheric processes was conducted, aimed at providing additional artificial precipitation. Two situations were considered, with mixed results: In the first case, on 30 October 2016, wet soil and standing water areas were detected by radar satellite imagery in agricultural fields within a radius of 40 km of the village of Petrovka, Krasnogvardiiskyi district, potentially related to the induction of precipitation by active influences on atmosphere. Meanwhile, in the second case, the realization of atmospheric precipitation occurred over Simferopol on 29–30 September 2020, leading to flooding in the city, but an increase in the water surface area of the Simferopol reservoir after active influences was not recorded.
50
Karthikeyan, M., and S. Vijayachitra. "A Novel Experimental Study and Analysis of Electrocoagulation Process for Textile Wastewater Treatment using Various Sensors with Integration of IoT Monitoring System." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v24i2.a06.
Full textAbstract:
One of the basic requirements of living beings is water. Due to globalization, industries consume large amount of water and creates shortage of pure water. In addition, they pollute the existing fresh water resources. Therefore, it is essential to design an effective wastewater purification system. Electrochemical method namely, electrocoagulation paves the way for an effective wastewater purification system. This research focuses on the study and analysis of the textile wastewater purification, using electrocoagulation process. This novel experimental study and analysis was carried out using iron, aluminium and mild steel electrodes for batch, modified batch and continuous process respectively. In these electrocoagulation processes, three major parameters such as colour, turbidity and pH were sensed and monitored using IoT. Colour and Turbidity Removal efficiency were also calculated, which gives satisfying results.