Relevant bibliographies by topics / Short Word-Length / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Short Word-Length'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Short Word-Length.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Short Word-Length.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Lovatt, Peter, S. E. Avons, and Jackie Masterson. "The Word-length Effect and Disyllabic Words." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53, no. 1 (February 2000): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755877.

Full text
Abstract:
Three experiments compared immediate serial recall of disyllabic words that differed on spoken duration. Two sets of long- and short-duration words were selected, in each case maximizing duration differences but matching for frequency, familiarity, phonological similarity, and number of phonemes, and controlling for semantic associations. Serial recall measures were obtained using auditory and visual presentation and spoken and picture-pointing recall. In Experiments 1a and 1b, using the first set of items, long words were better recalled than short words. In Experiments 2a and 2b, using the second set of items, no difference was found between long and short disyllabic words. Experiment 3 confirmed the large advantage for short-duration words in the word set originally selected by Baddeley, Thomson, and Buchanan (1975). These findings suggest that there is no reliable advantage for short-duration disyllables in span tasks, and that previous accounts of a word-length effect in disyllables are based on accidental differences between list items. The failure to find an effect of word duration casts doubt on theories that propose that the capacity of memory span is determined by the duration of list items or the decay rate of phonological information in short-term memory.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chen, Heng, and Haitao Liu. "Quantifying Evolution of Short and Long-Range Correlations in Chinese Narrative Texts across 2000 Years." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9362468.

Full text
Abstract:
We investigate how short and long-range word length correlations evolve in Chinese narrative texts. The results show that, for short-range word length correlations, no significant linear evolutionary trend was found. But for long-range correlations, there are two opposite tendencies for two different regimes: the Hurst exponent of small-scale (box size n ranges from 10 to 100) word length correlations decreases over time, and the exponent of large-scale (box size n ranges from 101 to 1000) shows an increasing tendency. The increase of word length is corroborated as an essential regularity of word evolution in written Chinese. Further analyses show that a significant correlation coefficient is obtained between Hurst exponents from the small-scale correlations and mean word length across time. These indicate that word length correlation evolution possesses different self-adaptive mechanisms in terms of different scales of distances between words. We speculate that the increase of word length and sentence length in written Chinese may account for this phenomenon, in terms of both the social-cultural aspects and the self-adapting properties of language structures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lopes, Paulo A. C., and Jose Antonio Beltran Gerald. "Low Delay Short Word Length Sigma Delta Active Noise Control." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 68, no. 9 (September 2021): 3746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3096180.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Campoy, Guillermo. "Retroactive interference in short-term memory and the word-length effect." Acta Psychologica 138, no. 1 (September 2011): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.05.016.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Slattery, Timothy J., and Mark Yates. "Word skipping: Effects of word length, predictability, spelling and reading skill." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 2018): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310264.

Full text
Abstract:
Readers’ eyes often skip over words as they read. Skipping rates are largely determined by word length; short words are skipped more than long words. However, the predictability of a word in context also impacts skipping rates. Rayner, Slattery, Drieghe and Liversedge reported an effect of predictability on word skipping for even long words (10-13 characters) that extend beyond the word identification span. Recent research suggests that better readers and spellers have an enhanced perceptual span. We explored that whether reading and spelling skill interact with word length and predictability to impact word skipping rates in a large sample ( N = 92) of average and poor adult readers. Participants read the items from Rayner et al., while their eye movements were recorded. Spelling skill (zSpell) was assessed using the dictation and recognition tasks developed by Sally Andrews and colleagues. Reading skill (zRead) was assessed from reading speed (words per minute) and comprehension accuracy of three 120 word passages each with 10 comprehension questions. We fit linear mixed models to the target gaze duration data and generalized linear mixed models to the target word skipping data. Target word gaze durations were significantly predicted by zRead, while the skipping likelihoods were significantly predicted by zSpell. Additionally, for gaze durations, zRead significantly interacted with word predictability as better readers relied less on context to support word processing. These effects are discussed in relation to the lexical quality hypothesis and eye movement models of reading.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Stern, Nathaniel Ziv, and Jonathan North Washington. "A phonetic study of length and duration in Kyrgyz vowels." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 4, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v4i1.4577.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper examines the phonetic correlates of the (phonological) vowel length contrast in Kyrgyz to address a range of questions about the nature of this contrast, and also explores factors that affect (phonetic) duration in short vowels. Measurement and analysis of the vowels confirms that there is indeed a significant duration distinction between the Kyrgyz vowel categories referred to as short and long vowels. Preliminary midpoint formant measurements show that there may be some accompanying spectral component to the length contrast for certain vowels, but findings are not conclusive. A comparison of F0 dynamics and spectral dynamics through long and short vowels does not yield evidence that some long vowels may in fact be two heterosyllabic short vowels. Analysis shows that duration is associated with a vowel’s presence in word-edge syllables in Kyrgyz, as anticipated based on descriptions of word-final stress and initial prominence. However, high vowels and non-high vowels are found to consistently exhibit opposite durational effects. Specifically, high vowels in word-edge syllables are longer than high vowels in medial syllables, while non-high vowels in word-edge syllables are shorter than non-high vowels in medial syllables. This suggests either a phenomenon of durational neutralisation at word edges or the exaggeration of durational differences word-medially, and is not taken as a case of word-edge strengthening. Proposals for how to select from between these hypotheses in future work are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cowan, Nelson, Lara D. Nugent, Emily M. Elliott, and Tara Geer. "Is There a Temporal Basis of the Word Length Effect? A Response to Service (1998)." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53, no. 3 (August 2000): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755905.

Full text
Abstract:
Service (1998) carried out a study of the word length effect with Finnish pseudowords in which short and long pseudowords were identical except for the inclusion of certain phonemes differing only in pronunciation length, a manipulation that is impossible in English. She obtained an effect of phonemic complexity but little or no word duration effect per se — a discrepancy from the expectations generated by the well-known working memory model of Baddeley (1986). In the present study using English words, we controlled for phonemic complexity differences by using the same words for the short- and long-word sets, but with instructions inducing shorter or longer pronunciation of the words. We obtained substantial word duration effects. Concerns raised by Service are addressed, and we conclude that both duration and complexity are likely to contribute to the word length effect in serial recall.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Pathan, Aneela, Raheela Balal, Tayab Din Memon, and Sheeraz Memon. "Analysis of Booth Multiplier based Conventional and Short Word Length FIR Filter." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1803.13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Campoy, Guillermo. "The Effect of Word Length in Short-Term Memory: Is Rehearsal Necessary?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61, no. 5 (May 2008): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701402364.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Coltheart, Veronika, and Robyn Langdon. "Recall of short word lists presented visually at fast rates: Effects of phonological similarity and word length." Memory & Cognition 26, no. 2 (March 1998): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03201144.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Takeno, Junichiro, Ken Tamai, and Shigenobu Takatsuka. "Reexamination of Word Length Effect: Immediate Serial Recall of Foreign Words." JALT Journal 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj38.2-4.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study we examined the word length effect—one characteristic of the phonological loop of working memory—in a foreign language. Serial position effects, such as the primacy effect and the recency effect, were observed in the recall of foreign words, similar to results in L1 studies. Recall of long (one-syllable) and short (three-syllable) words in pure (all long or all short) and mixed (long and short) lists was compared. In pure lists, there was a tendency for long words to be more poorly remembered than short words, which we considered to be because of the word length effect. In mixed lists, both long and short words were recalled equally as well as short words were recalled in pure lists. These results indicate that we should pay more attention to item distinctiveness, which elicits the attention of the central executive in working memory, as well as the word length effect in regards to rehearsal speed. Effective use of the phonological loop in listening comprehension is also discussed. 本研究は、ワーキングメモリモデルの音韻ループに見られる語長効果について再検討を試みたものである。外国語の単語記銘においても、母国語話者を対象とした研究と同じように初頭効果や新近性効果が確認された。単純リストと混合リストにおける長い語と短い語の再生率を比較したところ、単純リストでは、長い語は短い語よりも再生率が悪くなるという語長効果の傾向が見られるものの、混合リストにおいては、長い語も短い語も単純リストにおける短い語と同程度の再生率であった。これらの結果は、短期記憶容量は決められた項目数ではなく復唱速度が重要な要因であるという語長効果に基づく説明に加えて、ワーキングメモリの中央実行系に注意喚起を促す、項目の示差性などによる説明の必要性があることを示している。本研究では、聴解における音韻ループの効果的な活用についても論じている。
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Caplan, David, Elizabeth Rochon, and Gloria S. Waters. "Articulatory and Phonological Determinants of Word Length Effects in Span Tasks." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 45, no. 2 (August 1992): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401323.

Full text
Abstract:
Several previous studies have shown that memory span is greater for short words than for long words. This effect is claimed to occur even when the short and long words are matched for the number of syllables and phonemes and so to provide evidence for subvocal articulation as being one mechanism that underlies memory span (Baddeley, Thomson, & Buchanan, 1975). The three experiments reported in this paper further investigate the articulatory determinants of word length effects on span tasks. Experiment 1 replicated Baddeley et al.'s finding of an effect of word length on auditory and visual span when the stimuli consist of words that differ in terms of the number of syllables. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the effects of word length are eliminated when the words in the span task are matched for the number of syllables and phonemes but differ with respect to the duration and/or complexity of their articulatory gestures. These results indicate that it is the phonological structure of a word and not features of its actual articulation that determines the magnitude of the word length effect in span tasks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Baddeley, Alan, Dino Chincotta, Lorenzo Stafford, and David Turk. "Is the word length effect in STM entirely attributable to output delay? Evidence from serial recognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 2 (April 2002): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000523.

Full text
Abstract:
Although it is generally accepted that the word length effect in short-term memory operates through output delay or interference, there is less agreement on whether it also influences performance through its impact on rehearsal. We investigated this issue by studying the effect of word length on recall and on a recognition task in which output delay was controlled. Word sequences were repeated exactly, or with one pair of words reversed. Two experiments using auditory presentation showed clear word length effects for both recall and serial recognition, although the magnitude of the effect tended to be less for recognition. A third experiment using visual presentation studied the effect of articulatory suppression during the recognition test; again we found a clear word length effect. It is concluded that the word length effect can influence retention through both rehearsal and output factors, as proposed by the phonological loop hypothesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Russo, Riccardo, and Nicoletta Grammatopoulou. "Word length and articulatory suppression affect short-term and long-term recall tasks." Memory & Cognition 31, no. 5 (July 2003): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196111.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Lewandowsky, Stephan, and Klaus Oberauer. "The word-length effect provides no evidence for decay in short-term memory." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 15, no. 5 (October 2008): 875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.15.5.875.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Kanno, K., and Y. Ikeda. "Word-length effect in verbal short-term memory in individuals with Down's syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 46, no. 8 (November 2002): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00438.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Minkina, Irene, Nadine Martin, Kristie A. Spencer, and Diane L. Kendall. "Links Between Short-Term Memory and Word Retrieval in Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 1S (March 2018): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0194.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose This study explored the relationship between anomia and verbal short-term memory (STM) in the context of an interactive activation language processing model. Method Twenty-four individuals with aphasia and reduced STM spans (i.e., impaired immediate serial recall of words) completed a picture-naming task and a word pair repetition task (a measure of verbal STM). Correlations between verbal STM and word retrieval errors made on the picture-naming task were examined. Results A significant positive correlation between naming accuracy and verbal span length was found. More intricate verbal STM analyses examined the relationship between picture-naming error types (i.e., semantic vs. phonological) and 2 measures of verbal STM: (a) location of errors on the word pair repetition task and (b) imageability and frequency effects on the word pair repetition task. Results indicated that, as phonological word retrieval errors (relative to semantic) increase, bias toward correct repetition of high-imageability words increases. Conclusions Results suggest that word retrieval and verbal STM tasks likely rely on a partially shared temporary linguistic activation process.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Goerlich, C., I. Daum, I. Hertrich, and H. Ackermann. "Verbal Short-Term Memory and Motor Speech Processes in Broca’s Aphasia." Behavioural Neurology 8, no. 2 (1995): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/369797.

Full text
Abstract:
The present study investigated the relationship between verbal short-term memory and motor speech processes in healthy control subjects and five patients suffering from Broca's aphasia. Control subjects showed a phonological similarity effect, a word length effect and an articulatory suppression effect, supporting the hypothesis of a phonological store and an articulatory loop component of short-term memory. A similar effect of phonological similarity was observed in the aphasic patients, while the effects of word length and articulatory suppression were reduced. In control subjects, measures of short-term memory were correlated to measures of motor speech rate only if speech rate was assessed in more complex conditions (such as sentence rather than syllable repetition). There was also evidence of an association of speech impairment and short-term memory deficits in the aphasic patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Avons, S. E., K. L. Wright, and Kristen Pammer. "The Word-Length Effect in Probed and Serial Recall." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 1 (February 1994): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401151.

Full text
Abstract:
The word-length effect in immediate serial recall has been explained as the possible consequence of rehearsal processes or of output processes. In the first experiment adult subjects heard lists of five long or short words while engaging in articulatory suppression during presentation. Full serial recall or probed recall for a single item followed the list either immediately or after a 5-second delay to encourage rehearsal. The word-length effect was not influenced by recall delay, but was much smaller in probed than in serial recall. Examination of the serial position curves suggested that this might be due to a recency component operating in probed recall. Experiment 2 confirmed a word-length-insensitive recency effect in probed recall and showed that this was resistant to an auditory suffix, unlike the small recency effect found in serial recall. Experiment 3 used visual presentation without concurrent articulation. Under these conditions there was no recency effect for either recall method, but the word-length effect was again much smaller in probed than in serial recall. This was confirmed in Experiment 4, in which the presentation of serial and probed recall was randomized across trials, showing that the differences between recall methods could not be due to encoding strategies. We conclude that for visual presentation, at least part of the word-length effect originates in output processes. For auditory presentation the position is less clear, as serial and probed recall appear to draw on different resources. The nature of the output processes that may give rise to word-length effects is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Henry, Lucy A. "The Effects of Word Length and Phonemic Similarity in Young Children's Short-term Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 43, no. 1 (February 1991): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749108400998.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Yang, Weichen, and Yanwei Si. "Research of specific field ultra-short text classification based on collaborative filtering algorithm." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818903006.

Full text
Abstract:
In some specific fields, there are a lot of ultra-short texts that need to be categorized. This paper proposes an ultra-short text classification method based on collaborative filtering algorithm aiming at the problems such as short text content, short length, sparse features, and large number of categories in certain fields. First, converting ultra-short text into word frequency vector by doing Chinese word segmentation and calculating word frequency; Secondly, combining relevant data in specific fields, defining the ultra-short texts as users, categories as items, and then constructing a user-item recommendation matrix. Finally, calculating text similarity by using cosine similarity method and obtaining the classification results. The experimental results show that the proposed method can well solve the problem of classification of ultra-short texts in specific fields, and the average accuracy is 9.19% and 3.81% higher than vector space model and topic similarity method respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Niu, Yue, Hongjie Zhang, and Jing Li. "A Nested Chinese Restaurant Topic Model for Short Texts with Document Embeddings." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 8708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188708.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years, short texts have become a kind of prevalent text on the internet. Due to the short length of each text, conventional topic models for short texts suffer from the sparsity of word co-occurrence information. Researchers have proposed different kinds of customized topic models for short texts by providing additional word co-occurrence information. However, these models cannot incorporate sufficient semantic word co-occurrence information and may bring additional noisy information. To address these issues, we propose a self-aggregated topic model incorporating document embeddings. Aggregating short texts into long documents according to document embeddings can provide sufficient word co-occurrence information and avoid incorporating non-semantic word co-occurrence information. However, document embeddings of short texts contain a lot of noisy information resulting from the sparsity of word co-occurrence information. So we discard noisy information by changing the document embeddings into global and local semantic information. The global semantic information is the similarity probability distribution on the entire dataset and the local semantic information is the distances of similar short texts. Then we adopt a nested Chinese restaurant process to incorporate these two kinds of information. Finally, we compare our model to several state-of-the-art models on four real-world short texts corpus. The experiment results show that our model achieves better performances in terms of topic coherence and classification accuracy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Bishop, D. V. M., and J. Robson. "Unimpaired Short-term Memory and Rhyme Judgement in Congenitally Speechless Individuals: Implications for the Notion of “Articulatory Coding”." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, no. 1 (February 1989): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402356.

Full text
Abstract:
In normal adults, concurrent articulation impairs short-term memory, abolishing both the phonological similarity effect and the word length effect when visual presentation is used. It also interferes with ability to judge whether visually presented words rhyme. It is generally assumed that concurrent articulation impairs performance because it prevents people from recoding material into an articulatory form. If this is the explanation, then individuals who are congenitally speechless (anarthric) or speech-impaired (dysarthric) should show the same impairments as normal individuals who are concurrently articulating—i.e. they should have reduced memory spans, fail to show word length and phonological similarity effects in short-term memory, and find rhyme judgement difficult. These predictions were tested in a study of 48 cerebral palsied individuals: 12 anarthric, 12 dysarthric, and 24 controls individually matched to the speech-impaired subjects. There was no impairment of memory span in speech-impaired subjects, who showed normal phonological similarity and word-length effects in short-term memory. Speech-impaired subjects did not differ from their controls in ability to tell whether names of pairs of pictures rhymed. These results challenge the notion that “articulatory coding” is implicated in short-term memory and rhyme judgement and suggests that processes such as rehearsal and phonemic segmentation involve generation of a more abstract central phonological code.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Hyönä, Jukka, and Raymond Bertram. "Future challenges to E-Z Reader: Effects of OVP and morphology on processing long and short compounds." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 4 (August 2003): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03330109.

Full text
Abstract:
We argue that although E-Z Reader does a good job in simulating many basic facts related to readers' eye movements, two phenomena appear to pose a challenge to the model. The first has to do with word length mediating the way compound words are identified; the second concerns the effects of initial fixation position in a word on eye behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Paul, Nancy, and Cynthia Whissell. "Memory for Words in a Serial List as a Function of Primacy-Recency, Frequency, Length, Order, and Location in a Two-Dimensional Emotional Space." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 2 (April 1992): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.2.427.

Full text
Abstract:
Two emotional dimensions (evaluation, activation) were used along with serial position, word frequency, word length, and word order as independent variables in a serial list recall task with 36 words ( N = 30 subjects). All variables were significantly related to recall in some fashion. Pleasant or unpleasant, active, short, common words in a primary or recency position were best recalled. Serial position was associated with the strongest significant main effect (η = .41), while activation, order, frequency, and length led to significant main effects of approximately equal strength (average η = .24). A number of significant two-way interactions among independent variables highlighted the complex manner in which these variables affect recall.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Ma, Guojie, Ziang Li, Fengfeng Xu, and Xingshan Li. "The modulation of eye movement control by word length in reading Chinese." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (September 24, 2018): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818799994.

Full text
Abstract:
Given there are no interword spaces marking word boundaries in Chinese text, it remains unclear how information about word length influences eye movement control during the reading of Chinese text. In this research, we set up strict controls for word frequency and other word properties, to study this knowledge gap. In Experiment 1A and Experiment 1B, a between-subjects design was used. Forty-eight pairs of one- and two-character words were selected as target words in Experiment 1A, while the same amount of two- and three-character words were selected in Experiment 1B. Conversely, a within-subjects design was used in Experiment 2. Sixty sets of one-, two- and three-character words were selected as target words. The results showed that long words were skipped less often and fixated on more often than short words. Total time was shorter for shorter than for longer words but first fixation durations were longer for one- than for two-character words. Most importantly, we did not find reliable evidence to support the view that word length could modulate initial landing position and incoming saccade length in the length-matched region analyses. These findings suggest that word length influences eye movement control during reading Chinese in a way that is slightly different from that in the process of reading English.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Jefferies, Elizabeth, Clive Frankish, and Katie Noble. "Strong and long: Effects of word length on phonological binding in verbal short-term memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64, no. 2 (February 2011): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2010.495159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Mottaghi-Kashtiban, Mahdi, and Ali Jalali. "FIR filters involving shifts and only two additions, efficient for short word-length signal processing." Microelectronics Journal 49 (March 2016): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2016.01.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Poloczek, Sebastian, Gerhard Büttner, and Marcus Hasselhorn. "Phonological short-term memory impairment and the word length effect in children with intellectual disabilities." Research in Developmental Disabilities 35, no. 2 (February 2014): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.025.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Baddeley, Alan, and Jackie Andrade. "Reversing the Word-Length Effect: A Comment on Caplan, Rochon, and Waters." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 4 (November 1994): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401107.

Full text
Abstract:
Caplan, Rochon, and Waters (1992) report a failure to observe the poorer immediate serial recall for words of longer spoken duration obtained by Baddeley, Thomson, and Buchanan (1975) and subsequently replicated by others. Indeed, they find a significant reversal of this effect. We present evidence that the material used by Caplan et al. differs only minimally in spoken duration under speeded articulation conditions (Exp. 1 = 1.9%, Exp 2 = 2.31%), in contrast to a clear difference in the case of the original Baddeley et al. material (24.5%). It is further suggested that the reversal of the word-length effect may result from differences in acoustic similarity between the “long” and “short” word sets used by Caplan et al. We conclude that the evidence continues to indicate that longer spoken duration is associated with reduced memory span.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Kolinsky, Régine, Luz Cary, and José Morais. "Awareness of words as phonological entities: The role of literacy." Applied Psycholinguistics 8, no. 3 (September 1987): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400000278.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTIlliterate, unschooled adults were tested on their notions of word length. Experiment 1 showed that only about half of them performed very poorly on a task requiring the production of a long/short word. They were clearly inferior to formerly illiterate, unschooled adults. The illiterate group also broke up neatly into two subgroups, one performing perfectly or very well, the other failing completely or almost completely, when required to match the written and the oral form of long/short words. Similarly, Experiment 2 showed that about half of the illiterates were unable to choose the longest of two names when presented with drawings of objects. The results suggest that learning to read, though not strictly necessary, plays a decisive role in the development of the ability of many individuals to focus on phonological length.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Cowan, Nelson, Noelle L. Wood, and Dawn N. Borne. "Reconfirmation of the Short-Term Storage Concept." Psychological Science 5, no. 2 (March 1994): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00639.x.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent research questions the existence of a short-term storage mechanism capable of holding limited information temporarily Specifically, serial-recall results with a through-list distractor (TLD) procedure, in which a distracting task is interposed between list items as well as between the list and recall period, generally resemble the results of immediate-recall procedures The present study, however, reconfirms the utility of short-term storage by demonstrating an important difference between immediate and TLD recall A word-length effect, or advantage for lists of shorter words (which minimize short-term forgetting during spoken recall), did not occur with a TLD procedure
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Farrell, Simon, and Anna Lelièvre. "Is scanning in probed order recall articulatory?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62, no. 9 (September 2009): 1843–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210802588400.

Full text
Abstract:
We consider how theories of serial recall might apply to other short-term memory tasks involving recall of order. In particular, we consider the possibility that when participants are cued to recall an item at an arbitrary position in a sequence, they covertly serially recall the list up to the cued position. One question is whether such “scanning” is articulatory in nature. Two experiments are presented in which the syllabic length of words preceding and following target positions were manipulated, to test the prediction of an articulatory-based mechanism that time to recall an item at a particular position will depend on the number of preceding long words. Although latency was dependent on target position, no word length effects on latency were observed. Additionally, the effects of word length on accuracy replicate recent demonstrations in serial recall that recall accuracy is dependent on the word length of all list items, not just that of target items, in line with distinctiveness assumptions. It is concluded that if scanning does occur, it is not carried out by covert or overt articulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Service, Elisabet. "The Effect of Word Length on Immediate Serial Recall Depends on Phonological Complexity, Not Articulatory Duration." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 51, no. 2 (May 1998): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755759.

Full text
Abstract:
Immediate recall for sequences of short words is better than for sequences of long words. This word-length effect has been thought to depend on the spoken duration of the words (Baddeley, Thomson, & Buchanan, 1975) or their phonological complexity (Caplan, Rochon, & Waters, 1992). In Finnish both vowel and consonant quantity distinguish between words. Long phonemes behave like phoneme repetitions. In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with auditory lists of three kinds of pseudowords based on Finnish phonotactics: short CVCV-structures (e.g. / tepa/), long two-syllable items with long phonemes (e.g. / te: p: a/), and long three-syllable items with CVCVCV structures (e.g. / tepalo/). Although both kinds of long stimuli (of identical spoken length) took longer to read, only three-syllable items were more difficult to remember than the short stimuli. Experiment 2 contrasted the effect of number of syllables with number of different phonemes. The long two-syllable items were replaced by two-syllable items of equal spoken duration but containing six different phonemes (e.g. / tiempa/). These two-syllable items were as difficult to recall as were the three-syllable items. Experiment 3 controlled for the possibility that long stimuli might be rehearsed in a shorter form. It is concluded that aspects of phonological complexity are critical for word-length effects. Implications of this finding for working memory theory are discussed, and future work based on multi-layered phonological representations is proposed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

HARJU, TERO, and DIRK NOWOTKA. "MINIMAL DUVAL EXTENSIONS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 02 (April 2004): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054104002467.

Full text
Abstract:
A word v=wu is a (nontrivial) Duval extension of the unbordered word w, if (u is not a prefix of v and) w is an unbordered factor of v of maximum length. After a short survey of the research topic related to Duval extensions, we show that, if wu is a minimal Duval extension, then u is a factor of w. We also show that finite, unbordered factors of Sturmian words are Lyndon words.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

KEHOE, MARGARET M., and CONXITA LLEÓ. "The acquisition of nuclei: a longitudinal analysis of phonological vowel length in three German-speaking children." Journal of Child Language 30, no. 3 (August 2003): 527–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090300566x.

Full text
Abstract:
Studies of vowel length acquisition indicate an initial stage in which phonological vowel length is random followed by a stage in which either long vowels (without codas) or short vowels and codas are produced. To determine whether this sequence of acquisition applies to a group of German-speaking children (three children aged 1;3–2;6), monosyllabic and disyllabic words were transcribed and acoustically analysed. The results did not support a stage in which vowel length was totally random. At the first time period (onset of word production to 1;7), one child's monosyllabic productions were governed by a bipositional constraint such that either long vowels, or short vowels and codas were produced. At the second (1;10 to 2;0) and third time periods (2;3 to 2;6), all three children produced target long vowels significantly longer than target short vowels. Transcription results indicated that children experienced more difficulty producing target long than short vowels. In the discussion, the findings are interpreted in terms of the representation of vowel length in children's grammars.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Aljumily, Refat. "Evaluation of the Performance and Efficiency of the Automated Linguistic Features for Author Identification in Short Text Messages Using Different Variable Selection Techniques." Studies in Media and Communication 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v6i2.3892.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of automated linguistic features to test its capacity or discriminating power as style markers for author identification in short text messages of the Facebook genre. The corpus used to evaluate the automated linguistics features was compiled from 221 Facebook texts (each text is about 2 to 3 lines/35-40 words) written in English, which were written in the same genre and topic and posted in the same year group, totaling 7530 words. To compose the dataset for linguistic features performance or evaluation, frequency values were collected from 16 linguistic feature types involving parts of speech, function words, word bigrams, character tri grams, average sentence length in terms of words, average sentence length in terms of characters, Yule’s K measure, Simpson’s D measure, average words length, FW/CW ratio, average characters, content specific key words, type/token ratio, total number of short words less than four characters, contractions, and total number of characters in words which were selected from five corpora, totalling 328 test features. The evaluation of the 16 linguistic feature types differ from those of other analyses because the study used different variable selection methods including feature type frequency, variance, term frequency/ inverse document frequency (TF.IDF), signal-noise ratio, and Poisson term distribution. The relationships between known and anonymous text messages were examined using hierarchical linear and non-hierarchical nonlinear clustering methods, taking into accounts the nonlinear patterns among the data. There were similarities between the anonymous text messages and the authors of the non-anonymous text messages in terms function word and parts of speech usages based on TF.IDF technique and the efficiency of function word usages (=60%) and the efficiency of parts of speech frequencies (=50%). There were no similarities between the anonymous text messages and the authors of the non-anonymous text messages in terms of the other features using feature type frequency and variance techniques in this test and the efficiency of these features in the corpus (< 40%). There was a positive effect on identification performance using parts of speech and function word frequency usages and applying TF.IDF technique as the length of text messages increased (N≥ 100). Through this way, the performance and efficiency of syntactic features and function word usages to identify anonymous authors or text messages is improved by increasing the length of the text messages using TF.IDF variable selection technique, but decreased as feature type frequency and variance techniques in the selection process apply.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Cowan, Nelson, Noelle L. Wood, Lara D. Nugent, and Michel Treisman. "There Are Two Word-Length Effects in Verbal Short-Term Memory: Opposed Effects of Duration and Complexity." Psychological Science 8, no. 4 (July 1997): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00440.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

KIMURA, KOUICHI, ASAKO KOIKE, and KENTA NAKAI. "A BIT-PARALLEL DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM SUITABLE FOR DNA SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 10, no. 04 (July 23, 2012): 1250002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720012500023.

Full text
Abstract:
Myers' elegant and powerful bit-parallel dynamic programming algorithm for approximate string matching has a restriction that the query length should be within the word size of the computer, typically 64. We propose a modification of Myers' algorithm, in which the modification has a restriction not on the query length but on the maximum number of mismatches (substitutions, insertions, or deletions), which should be less than half of the word size. The time complexity is O(m log |Σ|), where m is the query length and |Σ| is the size of the alphabet Σ. Thus, it is particularly suited for sequences on a small alphabet such as DNA sequences. In particular, it is useful in quickly extending a large number of seed alignments against a reference genome for high-throughput short-read data produced by next-generation DNA sequencers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Čičirkaitė, Ramunė. "Visy, kity, abū. Is the lengthening of the word ending typical of all Vilnius residents?" Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 10 (February 15, 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2018.17444.

Full text
Abstract:
The current article analyzes the variability of length of /i/ and /u/ in stressed word endings characteristic to Lithuanian residents of Vilnius. Some Vilnius residents of Lithuanian origin pronounce these vowels as long or semi-long, though in written language they are written as short vowels. In the Lithuanian standardization ideology, such variability is characterized negatively and is referred to as the lengthening of the word ending. It is socially stigmatized, associated with the speech of uneducated Vilnius residents, speakers that belong to the working class, have a lower social status, or are affected by a Slavic language. The main goal of this survey was to identify the length of the stressed /i/ and /u/ in word endings and to determine with which social categories their longer variants correlate in Vilnius speech. A computerized sound analysis programme was applied to study 800 variants of /i/ and /u/ vowels, which were selected from interviews with 40 Vilnius city dwellers of different age, gender, professional activity, and social status. The analysis has revealed that in the Lithuanian speaking community of Vilnius the length of stressed vowels in word endings functions as a marker of speaker’s age, professional activity, and educational background. A statistically significant higher average length of /i/ and /u/ is typical of those Vilnius residents who are older, educated, and work in traditional industries or manufacturing, but not for service providers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

GROSJEAN, FRANÇOIS, SÉVERINE CARRARD, CORALIE GODIO, LYSIANE GROSJEAN, and JEAN-YVES DOMMERGUES. "Long and short vowels in Swiss French: Their production and perception." Journal of French Language Studies 17, no. 1 (February 9, 2007): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269506002626.

Full text
Abstract:
Contrary to what is stated in much of the literature which is based in large part on Parisian French, many dialects of French still have long and short vowels (e.g. in Switzerland and Belgium). This study had two aims. The first was to show that Swiss French speakers, as opposed to Parisian French speakers, produce long vowels with durations that are markedly different from those of short vowels. The second aim was to show that, for these two groups, vowel duration has a different impact on word recognition. A production study showed that Swiss French speakers make a clear duration difference between short and long vowels (the latter are more than twice the length of the former on average) whereas the Parisian French do not. In an identification study which used stimuli pronounced in Swiss French, it was shown that words articulated with long vowels created no recognition problem for Swiss French listeners whereas they did so for Parisian French listeners. These results are discussed in terms of models of speech perception and word recognition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Rusich, Danila, Lisa S. Arduino, Marika Mauti, Marialuisa Martelli, and Silvia Primativo. "Evidence of Semantic Processing in Parafoveal Reading: A Rapid Parallel Visual Presentation (Rpvp) Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010028.

Full text
Abstract:
This study explores whether semantic processing in parafoveal reading in the Italian language is modulated by the perceptual and lexical features of stimuli by analyzing the results of the rapid parallel visual presentation (RPVP) paradigm experiment, which simultaneously presented two words, with one in the fovea and one in the parafovea. The words were randomly sampled from a set of semantically related and semantically unrelated pairs. The accuracy and reaction times in reading the words were measured as a function of the stimulus length and written word frequency. Fewer errors were observed in reading parafoveal words when they were semantically related to the foveal ones, and a larger semantic facilitatory effect was observed when the foveal word was highly frequent and the parafoveal word was short. Analysis of the reaction times suggests that the semantic relation between the two words sped up the naming of the foveal word when both words were short and highly frequent. Altogether, these results add further evidence in favor of the semantic processing of words in the parafovea during reading, modulated by the orthographic and lexical features of the stimuli. The results are discussed within the context of the most prominent models of word processing and eye movement controls in reading.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Lan, Qiujun, Haojie Ma, and Gang Li. "Characters-based sentiment identification method for short and informal Chinese text." Information Discovery and Delivery 46, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/idd-05-2017-0047.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose Sentiment identification of Chinese text faces many challenges, such as requiring complex preprocessing steps, preparing various word dictionaries carefully and dealing with a lot of informal expressions, which lead to high computational complexity. Design/methodology/approach A method based on Chinese characters instead of words is proposed. This method represents the text into a fixed length vector and introduces the chi-square statistic to measure the categorical sentiment score of a Chinese character. Based on these, the sentiment identification could be accomplished through four main steps. Findings Experiments on corpus with various themes indicate that the performance of proposed method is a little bit worse than existing Chinese words-based methods on most texts, but with improved performance on short and informal texts. Especially, the computation complexity of the proposed method is far better than words-based methods. Originality/value The proposed method exploits the property of Chinese characters being a linguistic unit with semantic information. Contrasting to word-based methods, the computational efficiency of this method is significantly improved at slight loss of accuracy. It is more sententious and cuts off the problems resulted from preparing predefined dictionaries and various data preprocessing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Fujioka, Yoshichika, and Nobuhiro Tomabechi. "Design of a Parallel Processor for Visual Feedback Control Based on the Reconfiguration of Word Length." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 8, no. 6 (December 20, 1996): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1996.p0524.

Full text
Abstract:
In the sensor feedback control of intelligent robots, the delay time must be reduced for a large number of multioperand multiply-additions. To reduce the delay time for the multiply-additions, switch circuit is used to change the direct connection between the multipliers and adders, so that the overhead in data transfer is reduced. To change the word-length of the multi-operand multiply-adders, in addition, the switches are also provided in multipliers and adders. By changing to the short wordlength, the numbers of multiplier and adders can be increased. The performance evaluation shows that the delay time for visual feedback control becomes about 6 times faster than that of a parallel processor approach using conventional digital signal processor (DSPs).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Ciszewski, Tomasz. "Stressed Vowel Duration and Phonemic Length Contrast." Research in Language 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0049-2.

Full text
Abstract:
It has been generally accepted that greater vowel/syllable duration is a reliable correlate of stress and that absolute durational differences between vowels underlie phonemic length contrasts. In this paper we shall demonstrate that duration is not an independent stress correlate, but rather it is derivative of another stress correlate, namely pitch. Phonemic contrast, on the other hand, is qualitative rather than quantitative. These findings are based on the results of an experiment in which four speakers of SBrE read 162 mono-, di- and trisyllabic target items (made of CV sequences) both in isolation and in carrier phrases. In the stressed syllables all Southern British English vowels and diphthongs were represented and each vowel was placed in 3 consonantal contexts: (a) followed by a voiced obstruent, (b) voiceless obstruent and (c) a sonorant. Then, all vowels (both stressed and unstressed) were extracted from target items and measured with PRAAT. The results indicate that stressed vowels may be longer than unstressed ones. Their durational superiority, however, is not stress-related, but follows mainly from vowelintrinsic durational characteristics and, to some extent, from the prosodic context (i.e. the number of following unstressed vowels) in which it is placed. In CV1CV2 disyllables, when V1 is phonemically short, the following word-final unstressed vowel is almost always longer. It is only when V1 is a phonemically long vowel that V2 may be shorter. As far as diphthongal V1 is concerned, the durational V1~V2 relation is variable. Interestingly, the V1~V3 relation in trisyllables follows the same durational pattern. In both types of items the rare cases when a phonemically short V1 is indeed longer than the word-final vowel involve a stressed vowel which is open, e.g. [æ,o], and whose minimal execution time is longer due to a more extensive jaw movement. These observations imply that both in acoustic and perceptual terms the realisation of word stress is not based on the durational superiority of stressed vowels over unstressed ones. When it is, it is only an epiphenomenon of intrinsic duration of the stressed vowel and extra shortness of nonfinal unstressed vowel. As far as phonemic length contrast is concerned, we observe a high degree of durational overlap between phonemically long and short vowels in monosyllabic CVC words (which is enforced by a greater pitch excursion), whereas in polysyllables the differences seem to be perceptually non-salient (>40 ms, cf. Lehiste 1970). This suggests that the differences in vowel duration are not significant enough to underlie phonological length contrasts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Rodrigues, Amalia, and Debora Maria Befi-Lopes. "Short-term phonological memory in preschool children." CoDAS 25, no. 5 (October 2013): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-17822013000500005.

Full text
Abstract:
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to design a short-term memory test, to describe quantitative performance in typically language developing children and to verify the relationship between the non-words repetition and oral phonological measure. METHODS: The participants included 136 typically language developing children aged from 3 years to 6 years and 11 months old in this study, who were evaluated. The test consisted of 40 non-words of one, two, three, and four syllables. The subjects' repetitions were transcribed and the number of right answers was calculated for each age range. RESULTS: The effect of age was observed in the test, as well as the effect of length, only for disyllabic non-words. The performance in the non-word repetition task showed correlation with the oral phonology measure. CONCLUSION: The test designed in this research was able to verify the short-term memory in typically language developing children and the results showed correlation between this memory and phonological performance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Baker, Linda. "Developmental Change in Readers' Responses to Unknown Words." Journal of Reading Behavior 21, no. 3 (September 1989): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968909547675.

Full text
Abstract:
Two experiments examined factors affecting the likelihood that readers will recognize failures of word comprehension and the basis by which they judge the disruptiveness of an unknown word to sentence comprehension. In Experiment 1, third- and fifth-grade skilled and less skilled readers read and evaluated the comprehensibility of short paragraphs containing nonwords varying in number of syllables (1 vs. 3) and syntactic form class (noun vs. adjective). Third graders were more likely to identify the longer nonwords as problematic than the shorter non-words, but the fifth graders were not influenced by word length. Fifth graders were somewhat more sensitive to the greater disruption in comprehensibility caused by unknown nouns relative to unknown adjectives. In a second task in Experiment 1, and in Experiment 2 (which included adults as well as third- and fifth-grade average readers), subjects evaluated the relative comprehensibility of pairs of sentences in which the nonwords contrasted in number of syllables, syntactic class or both. Whereas the younger readers were more likely to focus on word length in their judgments of comprehensibility, the older readers were more likely to focus on meaning. The results have implications for research and instruction in comprehension monitoring and vocabulary acquisition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

CALVEZ, MATTHIEU, and BERT WIEST. "FAST ALGORITHMIC NIELSEN–THURSTON CLASSIFICATION OF FOUR-STRAND BRAIDS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 21, no. 05 (April 2012): 1250043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216511009959.

Full text
Abstract:
We give an algorithm which decides the Nielsen–Thurston type of a given four-strand braid. The complexity of our algorithm is quadratic with respect to word length. The proof of its validity is based on a result which states that for a reducible 4-braid which is as short as possible within its conjugacy class (short in the sense of Garside), reducing curves surrounding three punctures must be round or almost round. As an application, we give a polynomial time solution to the conjugacy problem for non-pseudo-Anosov four-strand braids.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Kwok, Rosa Kit Wan, Fernando Cuetos, Rrezarta Avdyli, and Andrew W. Ellis. "Reading and Lexicalization in Opaque and Transparent Orthographies: Word Naming and Word Learning in English and Spanish." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70, no. 10 (October 2017): 2105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1223705.

Full text
Abstract:
Do skilled readers of opaque and transparent orthographies make differential use of lexical and sublexical processes when converting words from print to sound? Two experiments are reported, which address that question, using effects of letter length on naming latencies as an index of the involvement of sublexical letter–sound conversion. Adult native speakers of English (Experiment 1) and Spanish (Experiment 2) read aloud four- and seven-letter high-frequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords in their native language. The stimuli were interleaved and presented 10 times in a first testing session and 10 more times in a second session 28 days later. Effects of lexicality were observed in both languages, indicating the deployment of lexical representations in word naming. Naming latencies to both words and nonwords reduced across repetitions on Day 1, with those savings being retained to Day 28. Length effects were, however, greater for Spanish than English word naming. Reaction times to long and short nonwords converged with repeated presentations in both languages, but less in Spanish than in English. The results support the hypothesis that reading in opaque orthographies favours the rapid creation and use of lexical representations, while reading in transparent orthographies makes more use of a combination of lexical and sublexical processing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Ashburner, Jill, Jenny Ziviani, and Ana Pennington. "The Introduction of Keyboarding to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders With Handwriting Difficulties: A Help or a Hindrance?" Australasian Journal of Special Education 36, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2012.6.

Full text
Abstract:
This study explored the utility of using keyboarding as an alternative to handwriting for students with ASD who experience handwriting difficulties. Participants included 22 students with ASD (M age = 10.83 ± 1.4 years) who had been using portable word processors in mainstream classrooms for at least 6 months to circumvent handwriting difficulties. Teacher, parent and student questionnaires rated perceptions of students’ motivation, ability, preferences and frequency of use of keyboarding as compared to handwriting, helpfulness of portable word processors and factors contributing to or limiting their use. Keyboarding and handwriting speeds were measured in letters per minute. Two short compositions using handwriting and keyboarding were compared in length and quality. Handwriting legibility was also rated. The teacher, parent and student questionnaires indicated that students’ motivation was generally rated as much higher for keyboarding than for handwriting. Teachers and parents predominantly perceived portable word processors as helpful. The group mean scores for keyboarding speed, and length and quality of keyboarded compositions were greater than comparable group mean scores for handwriting. These differences, however, did not reach statistical significance. Keyboarding, nevertheless, was effective in overcoming difficulties experienced by many students in respect of legibility.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography