Journal articles on the topic 'Short-term memory Age Factors'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Short-term memory Age Factors.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Short-term memory Age Factors.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bjerklie, Gail L., and Arthur MacNeill Horton. "Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of the Short-Term Memory Test." Psychological Reports 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.1.113.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.
2
Hartley, A. A., D. M. Little, N. K. Speer, and J. Jonides. "Input, Retention, and Output Factors Affecting Adult Age Differences in Visuospatial Short-Term Memory." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 66B, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr020.
Full text
3
Schyolkova, O. Yu, and D. A. Eremina. "Psychosocial and clinical factors of cognitive functioning of patients with coronary heart disease after coronary stent." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080314.
Full textAbstract:
Memory disorders are a common pathology in children with convulsive paroxysms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pathology of memory in children with paroxysmal states have quantitative and qualitative specificity. The study involved 107 children aged 6–10 years. 59 people had a history of paroxysmal state, 12 people with epileptiform activity on EEG without seizures in history. A comparison group comprised 36 people with residual cerebral pathology without a history of seizures. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological research methods memory. The results of empirical studies have shown that increasing importance in the picture of violations mnestic activity in children with convulsive paroxysms addition to short-term verbal memory disorders have impaired short-term visual memory, the phenomenon of amnestic aphasia and modal-nonspecific memory disorders. The degree of short-term verbal memory disorders correlates with the age of onset of seizures, visual memory - with the number of attacks in history. Consideration of the results will allow to organize the process of providing psychological assistance to sick children more effectively.
4
Belovol, Elena V., Zlata V. Boyko, and Elena Yu Shurupova. "Cognitive Factors of Life Satisfaction among the Russian Elderly." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-4-671-684.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aim of this article was to examine factors related to life satisfaction in old age. There are several approaches to understanding life satisfaction in psychology. Some theories that emphasize objective circumstances as most influential for life satisfaction are commonly labelled bottom-up theories, whereas theories that focus on stable individual characteristics are commonly labelled top-down theories. It is argued that certain personality traits, in particular extraversion and neuroticism, partly determine a persons satisfaction with life. At the same time, cognitive factors related to life satisfaction are rarely the subject of empirical research. In this study, age, social status (works, does not work, in retirement), type of family (nuclear or extended), and a number of indices of cognitive functioning (cognitive flexibility, memory - short-term and long-term, creativity and thinking) were used as predictor variables of life satisfaction. Ninety-seven respondents aged 50-84 participated in the research, which finds that, along with non-cognitive factors of life satisfaction, cognitive factors play great roles as well. Based on the data obtained, an empirical model of cognitive factors of life satisfaction was constructed. This research demonstrates that all cognitive variables examined (flexibility of thinking, long-term memory, short-term memory, thinking and creativity) make positive contributions to increasing satisfaction; notably the roles of long-term memory and creativity are especially salient. This study also found satisfaction is significantly higher among working older respondents when compared with their non-working colleagues, with the oldest employees the most satisfied. Family status is a factor related to life satisfaction in old age as well, since old people who live with a spouse are more satisfied than those who live in extended families with children and grandchildren. A regression model combined variables from top-down and bottom-up theories. The model includes memory and age as personal characteristics, and family type as a circumstantial predictor for life satisfaction in old age.
5
Humphrey, Darryl G., Arthur F. Kramer, and Sheryl S. Gore. "Perceptual Organization and Grouping Factors: Age Related Effects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 2 (October 1994): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800209.
Full textAbstract:
Older adults have evidenced a poorer ability to use grouping factors in such tasks as Embedded Figures, Incomplete Figures, and partial report. Difficulties in disambiguating the findings of these studies has left unanswered the cause of this age-related difference. By taking into account age-related differences in visual short-term memory, the results of the current study suggest that older adults maintain the ability to capitalize on the perceptual organization of the visual environment as a means of facilitating recall performance. These results have implications for the design of information displays, product labels, codes, and instructions.
6
Lücke, Anna, Cornelia Wrzus, Denis Gerstorf, Ute Kunzmann, Martin Katzorreck, and Oliver Schilling. "Sleep and Working Memory: Short-Term Links in Daily Life and Long-Term Associations." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1280.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sufficient sleep is relevant for both momentary cognitive functioning and long-term cognitive developments. However, which factors make people particularly vulnerable to the cognitive consequences of sleep loss remains an open question. Here, we obtained data from 122 young-old (66-69 years) and 35 very old (85-89 years) adults who provided six daily ambulatory assessments of working memory performance and daily sleep over one week, and long-term trajectories in processing speed and working memory performance. Our results add to current knowledge in three ways: First, results from multilevel structural equation models showed both too little and too much daily sleep was associated with poorer working memory in everyday life. Secondly, this association was independent of cognitive aging over the preceding four years. Thirdly, average sleep duration did not predict cognitive changes over the next year. Participants’ age and health as well as emotional functioning are discussed as further influences on the associations.
7
ARCHIBALD, LISA M. D., and SUSAN E. GATHERCOLE. "Nonword repetition and serial recall: Equivalent measures of verbal short-term memory?" Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 4 (September 28, 2007): 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070324.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence that the abilities to repeat nonwords and to learn language are very closely related to one another has led to widespread interest in the cognitive processes underlying nonword repetition. One suggestion is that nonword repetition is a relatively pure measure of phonological short-term memory closely associated with other measures of short-term memory such as serial recall. The present study compared serial recall of lists of monosyllabic nonwords and repetition of matched phonological forms presented as a multisyllabic nonword in typically developing school-age children. Results revealed that whereas both serial recall and nonword repetition responses showed classic short-term memory characteristics such as a serial position curve and decreasing accuracy with increasing sequence length, nonword repetition was associated with more accurate repetition overall and errors that were more closely matched to the target. Consonants benefited from nonword repetition to a greater extent than vowels. These findings indicate that factors in addition to short-term memory support retention in nonword repetition. It is suggested that coarticulatory and prosodic cues may play important roles in the recall of multisyllabic phonological forms.
8
Armstrong, Gregory T., Petersen C. Ronald, Nan Zhang, Aimee Santucci, Deokumar Srivastava, Wilburn E. Reddick, Robert J. Ogg, et al. "Long-Term Memory Deficits and Early Onset Dementia in Aging Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with Cranial Irradiation." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.664.664.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 664 Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received prophylactic cranial radiation therapy (CRT) are at increased risk for deficits in neurocognitive skills, including attention, working memory and processing speed. As survivors age, global brain injury from CRT may reduce cognitive reserve, placing them at risk for early onset dementia or long-term memory deficits. The prevalence of dementia and memory abnormalities in adult survivors of childhood ALL has not previously been established. Methods: Analyses were conducted on 265 of 445 (60%) eligible survivors of childhood ALL (median age 36 years, range 26–54 years; 52% female) treated with 18Gy (n=127) or 24Gy (n=138) CRT with a median time from CRT of 30 years (range 15–46 years). Participants completed the Wechsler Memory Scale IV, including the Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BSCE), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Age-adjusted standard scores were calculated and the BSCE was also adjusted for education level. Prevalence of memory impairment (<1 SD below age-expected mean), stratified by RT dose exposure, is reported and logistic regression used to identify risk factors for impairment. A subset of survivors (n=85) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including assessment of hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, white matter volume, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI (fMRI) during a cued-recall memory task. Results: Survivors who received 24 Gy CRT had increased impairment on global measures of both short-term recall (33%; p<0.001) and long-term recall (30%; p<0.001), while no increase in impairment was seen after 18Gy. Impaired short-term recall was associated with smaller right (p=0.02) and left (p<0.01) temporal lobe volumes, while impaired long-term recall was associated with thinner parietal and frontal cortices. On subtests evaluating narrative memory (i.e. story recall) and design memory, increasing RT dose (24 vs. 18Gy) was associated with an increased prevalence of long-term memory impairment (narrative: 28% vs. 12%, p=0.001; designs: 13% vs. 3.2%, p=0.003). However, no CRT dose response was identified for short term narrative and design memory. Survivors with impaired long-term memory for designs demonstrated a compensatory increase in left hippocampal fMRI activation (p=0.005), and the effect was greater in the higher dose group (p = 0.04). The mean score for long-term narrative memory among survivors who received 24Gy was equivalent to the mean score of a 70–74 year old adult population. Neither young age (0–4 years) at CRT (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–2.7), time from CRT (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.1) nor intrathecal methotrexate exposure (OR 3.9, 95% CI 0.4–36.1) were significantly associated with long-term memory deficits. Reduced cognitive status (by BSCE) was identified after 18Gy (9%, p=0.11) and 24Gy (18%, p<0.001), suggesting a CRT dose-response effect. On diffusion tensor imaging, increased radial diffusivity in the frontal, parietal and temporal regions, an inverse measure of white matter integrity, was associated with reduced BSCE. Current employment rates were equivalent (63%) in both CRT dose groups, suggesting no difference in functional status. Conclusions: Aging adult survivors of ALL who received 24Gy CRT have reduced cognitive status and significant impairment in short-term and long-term memory. There appears to be a dose response effect selective for long-term narrative and design memory, but not for short term narrative and design memory. These patterns are consistent with early onset of age-related (long-term) memory loss, and early stage dementia, yet at a median age of only 36 years. After 24Gy, survivors have the narrative memory equivalent to a 70 year-old in the general population. Survivors with memory impairment demonstrated reduced integrity on structural and functional neuroimaging in anatomical regions established as essential for memory formation and long-term recall. However, these memory impairments do not seem to affect functional status (employment rates) suggesting that, rather than frank dementia, deficits in middle adulthood are consistent with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Longitudinal evaluation of this population is needed as MCI often progresses into early onset dementia with age. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
9
Mardo, Elite, Galia Avidan, and Bat-Sheva Hadad. "Adults’ Markers of Face Processing Are Present at Age 6 and Are Interconnected Along Development." Perception 47, no. 10-11 (September 14, 2018): 1002–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618794943.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies on the development of face processing argue for a late, quantitative, domain-specific development of face processing, and face memory in particular. Most previous findings were based on separately tracking the developmental course of face perception skills, comparing performance across different age groups. Here, we adopted a different approach studying the mechanisms underlying the development of face processing by focusing on how different face skills are interrelated over the years (age 6 to adulthood). Specifically, we examined correlations within and between different categories of tasks: face domain-specific skills involving face recognition based on long-term representations (famous face), and short-term memory retention (Cambridge Face Memory Test), perceptual face-specific marker (inversion effect), global effects in scene perception (global–local task), and the perception of facial expressions. Factor analysis revealed that face identity skills have a similar pattern of interrelations throughout development, identifying two factors: a face domain-specific factor comprising adultlike markers of face processing and a general factor incorporating related, but nonspecific perceptual skills. Domain-specific age-related changes in face recognition entailing short- and long-term retention of face representations were observed, along with mature perceptual face-specific markers and more general perceptual effects predicting face perception skills already at age 6. The results suggest that the domain-specific changes in face processing are unlikely to result from developmental changes in perceptual skills driving face recognition. Instead, development may either involve improvement in the ability to retain face representations in memory or changes in the interactions between the perceptual representations of faces and their representations in long-term memory.
10
Schilling, Oliver, Denis Gerstorf, Anna Jori Lücke, and Martin Katzorreck. "LONG-TERM ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND STABILITY OF DAILY WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN OLD AGE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mixed evidence of associations of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging suggested that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, whereas higher consumption operates as risk factor for cognitive decline. Daily short-term fluctuations of cognitive performance have also been established as risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline. Bringing these two lines of research together, our study analyzed associations of long-term trajectories of alcohol consumption with ambulatory assessments (7 days, 6 beeps per day) of working memory (WM) performance in participants (N = 155, aged 66-69 and 86-89) followed-up from a long-term (>20 years) longitudinal aging study. Overall, the findings do not support the “risk-view”, because long-term alcohol consumption patterns were not found to be predictive of either individual levels or intra-individual momentary fluctuations of WM performance. Follow-up analyses will examine the combined effects of alcohol consumption with further risk factors, such as long-term declines in health.
11
Bharadwaj, Sneha V., and Whitney Barlow. "Reading Outcomes in Elementary School–Age Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Listening and Spoken Language: A Preliminary Report." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 5 (October 23, 2020): 1188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-20-00089.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study examined reading outcomes and a comprehensive set of linguistic and cognitive factors considered to be associated with reading outcomes in children with hearing loss who use hearing aids or cochlear implants. Method Seventeen children with bilateral, prelingual hearing loss who use listening and spoken language and attended Grades 3–5 at a private oral school for the deaf participated in this study. Children were administered 13 subtests from norm-referenced tests pertaining to reading outcomes (reading comprehension and decoding), linguistic factors (vocabulary, background information, literal inferencing, nonliteral inferencing, and grammatical knowledge), and cognitive factors (verbal working memory, short-term memory, phonological short-term memory, and analytical reasoning). Results Performance of children with hearing loss was within normal ranges when compared to the normative means on all factors assessed except for nonword repetition. Furthermore, the performance of children with cochlear implants was comparable to that of the hearing aid users on all measures except for nonword repetition. Decoding was positively correlated with grammatical knowledge, analytical reasoning, and nonword repetition, whereas reading comprehension was positively correlated with grammatical knowledge, analytical reasoning, and inferencing. Conclusions Preliminary findings from this study suggest that elementary school–age children with hearing loss demonstrated positive outcomes with respect to reading outcomes and other factors assessed except for the nonword repetition task. Findings suggest that a nonword repetition task may be used to flag children with hearing loss who may experience difficulties with decoding. Given that grammatical knowledge and analytical reasoning showed moderate-to-moderately strong correlation with both reading outcome measures, it is recommended that multicomponent reading intervention programs for elementary school–age children with hearing loss incorporate explicit instruction in these domains.
12
Lazzaro, Giulia, Cristiana Varuzza, Floriana Costanzo, Elisa Fucà, Silvia Di Vara, Maria Elena De Matteis, Stefano Vicari, and Deny Menghini. "Memory Deficits in Children with Developmental Dyslexia: A Reading-Level and Chronological-Age Matched Design." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010040.
Full textAbstract:
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is considered a multifactorial deficit. Among the neurocognitive impairments identified in DD, it has been found that memory plays a particularly important role in reading and learning. The present study aims to investigate whether short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) deficits could be related to poor reading experience or could be causal factors in DD. To verify that memory deficits in DD did not simply reflect differences in reading experience, 16 children with DD were not only compared to 16 chronological age-matched children (CA) but also to 16 reading level-matched children (RL) in verbal, visual-object, and visual-spatial STM and LTM tasks. Children with DD performed as well as RL, but worse than CA in all STM tasks. Considering LTM, the three groups did not differ in Visual-Object and Visual-Spatial Learning tasks. In the Verbal LTM task, DD recalled significantly fewer words than CA but not RL, while CA and RL showed a similar performance. The present results suggest that when reading experience was equated, children with DD and typical readers did not differ in STM and LTM, especially in the verbal modality, weakening claims that memory has a causal effect in reading impairments.
13
Obler, Loraine K., Deborah Fein, Marjorie Nicholas, and Martin L. Albert. "Auditory comprehension and aging: Decline in syntactic processing." Applied Psycholinguistics 12, no. 4 (December 1991): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400005865.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTComprehension of six syntactic structures was tested across four age groups. Each structure was presented with both plausible and implausible content. The contribution of cognitive nonlinguistic factors important for comprehension (attention, short-term memory, and mental control) was tested via standard neuropsychological tasks. Sixty-six women aged 30–79 were tested. Both errors and reaction times increased with age, especially for more complex syntactic types and implausible sentences. The neuropsychological factors tested contributed minimally to an age-related decline in comprehension, suggesting that the subtle breakdown seen in syntactic processing may be a language-specific impairment.
14
Nash, Allison, Raquel Rosenberg, and Jessica Paxton. "A-13 The Association of Specific Depression Factors and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.31.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective This study investigated whether particular dimensions of depression measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) predicted memory and executive function performance in older adults. We hypothesized that the worry dimension would significantly predict both memory and executive function scores given findings from previous studies (De Vito et al., 2017). Method Participants included 534 individuals ages 50 through 85 (M = 63) from the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland community sample. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to assess memory and the Tower Test subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) assessed executive functioning. To assess different dimensions of depression, we computed variables for six dimensions of the GDS using the factor model validated by Adams et al. (2004). Results Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for age, none of the GDS factors significantly accounted for performances on RAVLT short or long delayed recall tests. The worry factor significantly predicted RAVLT Learning Trial 1 scores (β = −0.28, p < 0.05). Worry (β = −0.16, p < 0.05) and agitation (β = −0.18, p < 0.05) were the strongest predictors of total achievement scores on D-KEFS Tower Test. Conclusion These findings represent a deviation from expectations that depression symptoms would predict short and long-delay memory performances in an aging population. The particular role of worry in our other variables augments De Vito et al.’s (2017) findings, as we found that worry predicted short-term memory and executive functioning. These results demonstrate the importance of addressing worry symptoms in older adults for healthy executive functioning.
15
Lücke, Anna Jori, Oliver Schilling, and Scott Hofer. "BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ON DAILY VARIABILITY IN HEALTH AND FUNCTIONING IN OLD AND VERY OLD AGE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In recent years, research has shown that people experience substantial variability in domains such as cognition, health, or social interactions from day-to-day or even moment-to-moment. This variability carries relevant information above and beyond an individual’s mean levels of functioning, revealing, for instance, potential risk factors for healthy aging. Thus, aging research increasingly examined such variations in older adults’ daily lives, aiming to further the understanding of aging processes with insights into short- and long-term predictors of daily health and functioning. In this symposium, we introduce research using repeated daily life assessments from older participants to elucidate behavioral and social impacts on variations in working memory performance, pain and self-rated health, as well as social interaction quality. Luo et al. show that diverse daily activities were linked with higher working memory performance one the same day. Regarding long-term prediction, Schilling et al. found that patterns of alcohol consumption across two decades were only weakly predictive of subsequent short-term variability in daily working memory performance. Turning from cognitive functioning to health, Lücke et al. observed bidirectional links of variations in daily sleep quality with variations in daily pain and health perceptions across several days. Finally, Hülür et al. addressed the role of communication technologies for older persons’ social interactions and found that daily social interaction quality differs with the interaction modalities. Scott Hofer will discuss the implications of the presented findings for our understanding of variability in everyday functioning in old age, considering challenges and opportunities for future research in this field.
16
Koponen, Tuire, Kenneth Eklund, and Paula Salmi. "Cognitive predictors of counting skills." Journal of Numerical Cognition 4, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 410–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v4i2.116.
Full textAbstract:
Rote counting skills have found to be a strong predictor of later arithmetic and reading fluency. However, knowledge of the underlying cognitive factors influencing counting skill is very limited. Present study examined to what extent language skills (phonology, vocabulary, and morphology), nonverbal reasoning skills, and memory at the age of five could explain counting skill at the beginning of first grade. Gender, parents’ education level and child’s persistence were included as control variables. The question was examined in a longitudinal sample (N = 101) with a structural equation model. Results showed that language skills together with memory, nonverbal reasoning skills and parent’s education explained only 22% of the variance in counting at the beginning of the first grade. Vocabulary, morphology, and verbal short-term memory were found to be interchangeable predictors, each explaining approximately 7%–9%, of counting skill. These findings challenge the interpretation of counting as a strongly language-based number skill. However, additional analysis among children with dyslexia revealed that memory and language skills, together with a child’s persistence and gender, had a rather strong predictive value, explaining 34%–46% of counting skill. Together these results suggest that verbal short-term memory and language skills at the age of five have not the same predictive value on counting skill at the beginning of school among a population-based sample as found in subjects with language impairment or learning difficulties, and thus, other cognitive factors should be taken into account in further research related to typical development of counting skill.
17
Šneidere, Kristīne, Nourah Alruwais, Nicholas G. Dowell, Voldemārs Arnis, Jeļena Harlamova, Kārlis Kupčs, Iveta Mintāle, et al. "Differences in Long- and Short-Term Memory Performance and Brain Matter Integrity in Seniors With Different Physical Activity Experience." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 73, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Due to increasing changes in demographics, maintaining cognitive functioning later in life has become both economic and social concerns, and thus finding a cost-effective solution is one of the priorities in research. Factors like physical and intellectual activities have been associated with better cognitive performance in later life. While several studies have considered the impact of short-term physical activity interventions on cognitive functioning, retrospective research focusing on life-time physical activity experience has been sparse. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between memory performance and whole brain matter integrity in seniors with different regular life-long physical activity experience. Fifty-three Latvian seniors aged 65–85 (M = 72.25, SD = 5.03, 83% female) with no self-reported chronic disease participated in the study. Measures of memory, physical activity and whole brain matter integrity were obtained and analysed. The obtained results indicated no significant relationship between physical activity experience and short and long-term memory and whole brain matter integrity; however, brain matter integrity was significantly correlated with demographic factors like age and education. These results might be related to inadequate physical activity measures, as well as unequal physical activity experience in participants. In the future, more detailed assessment of physical activity experience should be considered.
18
Toornstra, A., P. P. M. Hurks, W. Van der Elst, G. Kok, and L. M. G. Curfs. "Measuring Visual, Spatial, and Visual Spatial Short-Term Memory in Schoolchildren: Studying the Influence of Demographic Factors and Regression-Based Normative Data." Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology 5, no. 3 (September 2019): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40817-019-00070-6.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study aims to establish demographically corrected norms for three computerized tasks measuring different aspects of visual short-term memory (VSTM) in Ukrainian schoolchildren. These tasks measure respectively visual STM (the Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) test), spatial STM (the Spatial Span (SSP) task), and visual spatial STM (the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task). All tasks were administered to n = 186 children aged 5.10 years to 14.5 years old to evaluate the influence of demographic variables. Relevant demographic factors that influence task scores (VSTM), i.e., age and level of parental education, are identified and in keeping with the current literature. No sex differences were found. Based on these data, regression-based, demographically corrected norms were established per task. This approach to constructing norms differs from how (worldwide) PRM, SSP, and/or PAL norms have been constructed traditionally. In the latter approach, norms are calculated for each age group separately and without correcting for level of parental education, whereas in the regression-based normative method, multiple regression models are used to compute the expected test scores of an individual (rather than the subgroup means that are used in the traditional approach). Consequently, the regression-based norms for the PRM, SSP, and PAL presented in this paper are individualized, taking into account the unique characteristics of the individual that is tested on these tasks. Last, the confidence intervals of the PRM scores of the Ukrainian schoolchildren and the western norm group largely overlapped, except for the youngest age group, which adds to the literature about cultural effects on cognition.
19
Razumnikova, O. M., I. V. Tarasova, O. A. Trubnikova, and O. L. Barbarash. "The changes in the structure of cognitive functions and anxiety in cardiac surgery patients depending on the severity of carotid arteries." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-36-48.
Full textAbstract:
Highlights. The article revealed that severe (more than 50%) carotid artery (CA) stenosis was associated with significant slowdown of the information selection processes, and these patients were characterized by older age and tendency to an increase in trait anxiety compared to the patients without CA stenosis.It was found that the reduced attention and memory was a typical feature of the cognitive status in patients with severe CA stenosis in the early postoperative period of cardiac surgery in comparison with the patients without CA stenosis. At the same time the speed characteristics indicators of the information selection processes in these patients are positively related to state anxiety.Aim. The cardiac surgery patients were studied in order to analyze the postoperative changes in the efficiency of selection information and memory processes depending on the degree of carotid artery (CA) stenosis (including more than 50%) and the age and the role of the trait anxiety indicator assessed before surgery.Methods. The prospective study included 229 patients undergoing elected coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG and carotid endarterectomy (CEE). Each study participant underwent clinical, instrumental and extended psychometric examination before cardiac surgery and at 7-10 days after surgery. The evaluation of the extracranial vessels state was carried out before surgery using color duplex scanning. Based on the results of assessing the extracranial vessels state, all patients were divided into three groups: no stenosis (n = 124), CA stenosis less than 50% (n = 69) and more than 50% (n = 36).Results. It was found out that the patients with CA stenoses more than 50% are characterized by a slower reaction under different conditions of visual stimuli selection and by an older age as compared with patients with no stenoses as well as patients with stenoses less than 50%. In the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in comparison with testing before surgery there was an improvement in the information selection stability (an increase in the number of processed symbols per 4 minute of the Bourdon's test (p<0.00006)) and short-term memory (p = 0.03) only in the group of patients without stenoses. The patients with stenoses of less than 50% had an increase the of the information selection stability but the short-term memory decrease (p<0.05) whereas the group with stenoses more than 50% had a decrease in both the stability of information selection and short-term memory (p<0,05). Additional factors of cognitive deficit in CA stenosis patients were trait anxiety associated with memory impairment and a history of stroke that related to a decrease in the effectiveness of a complex visual-motor reaction.Conclusion. The comprehensive analysis of the cognitive status of cardiac surgery patients with different severity of CA stenosis showed that an increase in the age and stenosis degree is the factor of the reaction time slowdown under different conditions of information selection. To differentiate groups of patients depending on the severity of stenosis in the postoperative period the testing short-term memory and stability of attention is informative. These indicators improve in the group without stenosis but decrease in the group with pronounced stenosis. The trait anxiety and the history of stroke were the additional factors of memory impairment due to CA stenosis.
20
Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, Fahmida Tofail, Hasan Mahmud Sujan, Shams El Arifeen, and Jena Hamadani. "Factors associated with school achievement of children aged 8–10 years in rural Bangladesh: Findings from a post hoc analysis of a community-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 28, 2021): e0254693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254693.
Full textAbstract:
Background Education is one of the most important human capitals. Investment in education at early age returns best. A lot of factors influence children’s educational achievement. Studies in developed countries well established the relation of school achievement with its associated variables. But information is lack on what factors play important role for school achievement at early age in low resource settings like Bangladesh. We aimed to find factors associated with school achievement in rural Bangladesh. Method The data were acquired from a long-term follow up study, conducted in 8–10 years old children (n = 372). We used a locally developed school achievement tool based on Wide Range Achievement Test-4 to measure reading, spelling and math computation, Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence to measure intelligence Quotient (IQ), Digit span forward and backward for short term memory, and locally available Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure behaviour. Socioeconomic and anthropometric information of the mothers and children were also collected. Multicollinearity of the data was checked. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Findings Years of schooling and short-term memory were positively related to reading, spelling and math computation. For years of schooling it was-reading B = 8.09 (CI 5.84, 10.31), spelling 4.43 (4.33, 8.53) and math computation 5.23 (3.60, 6.87) and for short term memory- reading 3.56 (2.01,5.05), spelling 4.01 (2.56, 5.46) and math computation 2.49 (1.37, 3.62). Older children had lower scores of reading -0.48 (-0.94, -0.02), spelling -0.41 (-0.88, -0.02) and math computation -0.47 (-0.80, -0.14). Children’s IQ predicted reading 0.48 (0.14, 0.81) and spelling 0.50 (0.18, 0.82) skills. Mother and father’s education predicted Spelling 0.82 (0.16, 1.48) and reading 0.68 (0.06, 1.30) capacity respectively. Children enrolled in private schools had higher reading 10.28 (5.05, 15.51) and spelling 6.22 (1.31, 11.13) than those in the government schools. Children with more difficult behaviour tended to have lower scores in reading -0.51 (-0.96, -0.05). Conclusion Children’s school achievement is influenced by their IQ, years of schooling, type of school and parents’ education. Therefore, intervention should be made to focus specifically on these variables and establish the effect of this intervention through robust research design.
21
Frye, Brett, Carol Shively, Suzanne Craft, Thomas Register, Matthew Jorgensen, Caitlin Latimer, Christie Scott, and Hannah Register. "Co-Occurrence of Physical and Cognitive Decline in Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.389.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Age-related neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer’s (AD) disease begins in middle age, well before the onset of symptoms. Therefore, translational models to identify modifiable risk factors in middle-age are needed to understand etiology and identify therapeutic targets. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), like humans, naturally develop several risk factors for AD with age, including obesity, prediabetes, and hypertension. Furthermore, older vervets exhibit accumulation of amyloid and tauopathies, decreased brain volumes, and physical declines in gait speed, suggesting that these NHPs may be useful models of early AD-like neuropathology. Currently, we are investigating the extent to which cognitive and physical decline co-occur in 20 elder (mean age=23 years, ~equivalent to a human age of 80 years) and 10 middle-aged (mean age=11 years) females through assessments of physical performance, executive function, social cognition, and short-term memory. These measures are part of a larger study to integrate physical, social, and cognitive function with measures of body composition, metabolic profiles, CSF, blood, neuroimages, and neuropathology. While tests of social cognition and short-term memory are ongoing, assessments of executive function indicate that performance declines with age (N=26; p<0.05; R-squared=0.23). Furthermore, animals that exhibit slower gait speed also perform poorly on the executive function task (N=26, p<0.05; R-squared=0.25). These preliminary results suggest that accelerated aging co-occurs in multiple systems in vervets. This study will enable examination of temporal relationships between physical and cognitive declines. Ultimately, this comprehensive, integrative whole-body approach will help clarify the mechanisms underlying divergent aging trajectories and inspire interventions that promote multi-system healthy aging.
22
Huang, Chi-Wei, Meng-Han Tsai, Nai-Ching Chen, Wei-Hsi Chen, Yan-Ting Lu, Chun-Chung Lui, Ya-Ting Chang, Wen-Neng Chang, Alice Y. W. Chang, and Chiung-Chih Chang. "Clinical significance of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 to white matter disintegrity in Alzheimer’s dementia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 114, no. 12 (2015): 1230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-11-0938.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryEndothelial dysfunction leads to worse cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). While both cerebrovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction lead to activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, it is not known whether these biomarkers extend the diagnostic repertoire in reflecting intracerebral structural damage or cognitive performance. A total of 110 AD patients and 50 age-matched controls were enrolled. Plasma levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were measured and correlated with the cognitive performance, white matter macro-structural changes, and major tract-specific fractional anisotropy quantification. The AD patients were further stratified by clinical dementia rating score (mild dementia, n=60; moderate-to-severe dementia, n=50). Compared with the controls, plasma levels of VCAM-1 (p< 0.001), ICAM-1 (p=0.028) and E-selectin (p=0.016) were significantly higher in the patients, but only VCAM-1 levels significantly reflected the severity of dementia (p< 0.001). In addition, only VCAM-1 levels showed an association with macro- and micro- white matter changes especially in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (p< 0.001), posterior thalamic radiation (p=0.002), stria terminalis (p=0.002) and corpus callosum (p=0.009), and were independent of, age and cortical volume. These tracts show significant association with MMSE, short term memory and visuospatial function. Meanwhile, while VCAM-1 level correlated significantly with short-term memory (p=0.026) and drawing (p=0.025) scores in the AD patients after adjusting for age and education, the significance disappeared after adjusting for global FA. Endothelial activation, especially VCAM-1, was of clinical significance in AD that reflects macro- and micro-structural changes and poor short term memory and visuospatial function.
23
Namazbaeva, Zulkiya, Sharbanu Battakova, Lyazat Ibrayeva, and Zhanbol Sabirov. "Change in metabolic and cognitive state among people of the Aral zone of ecological disaster." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 64, no. 1-4 (November 10, 2018): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-20181035.
Full textAbstract:
Risk factors in Aral Sea region include toxic metals that competitively interact with essential elements influencing their metabolism, affecting metabolic and cognitive functions. According to epidemiological data, cerebrovascular disease and thyroid function abnormality are the leading disorders. Cognitive and metabolic disorders are considered as risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of current work was to determine the metabolic and cognitive state of people in Aralsk, associated with an imbalance of essential trace elements and find correlation between toxic metals load and psychoemotional status. 275 people between the ages of 21 and 45 years were involved. In evaluating cognitive state, a decrease in short-term memory for numbers and an increase in depression among subjects was found. An inverse correlation between the copper level in blood and short-term memory for numbers, between depression and iodine level in blood, between the zinc level in blood and the “attentional capacity” was also found. The results showed a significant metabolic stress among subjects during adaptation to a high chemical load. Data represent a cross-sectional age-dependent review of metabolic and cognitive processes and microelement metabolism among population, living in the Aral Sea region for a long time.
24
SUN, HE, RASMUS STEINKRAUSS, JORGE TENDEIRO, and KEES DE BOT. "Individual differences in very young children's English acquisition in China: Internal and external factors." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 3 (June 3, 2015): 550–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000243.
Full textAbstract:
This study assesses the impact of internal and external factors on very young EFL learners in an instructional setting. 71 child English learners in China (onset age: 2;0 - 5;6) were involved: their receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary and receptive grammar were taken as outcome variables, and age of onset, short-term memory, nonverbal intelligence, English input quantity and quality, English use, and maternal English level were taken as predictive variables. Multiple regression analyses, verified by Bayes factor comparisons, revealed that the total amount of school input and home English media environment were significant predictors for all of three aspects of English proficiency, with each aspect having different additional significant predictors. Both internal factors (e.g., age of onset) and external factors (e.g., English input quantity) played an important role, but in contrast to similar studies (e.g., Paradis, 2011) focusing on a L2 naturalistic setting, external factors explained more variance of English proficiency measures.
25
Mammarella, Nicola, and Beth Fairfield. "Emotional Working Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207698.
Full textAbstract:
A number of recent studies have reported that working memory does not seem to show typical age-related deficits in healthy older adults when emotional information is involved. Differently, studies about the short-term ability to encode and actively manipulate emotional information in dementia of Alzheimer’s type are few and have yielded mixed results. Here, we review behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that points to a complex interaction between emotion modulation and working memory in Alzheimer’s. In fact, depending on the function involved, patients may or may not show an emotional benefit in their working memory performance. In addition, this benefit is not always clearly biased (e.g., towards negative or positive information). We interpret this complex pattern of results as a consequence of the interaction between multiple factors including the severity of Alzheimer’s disease, the nature of affective stimuli, and type of working memory task.
26
Makrodimitris, Christos, and Petra Schulz. "Does Timing in Acquisition Modulate Heritage Children’s Language Abilities? Evidence from the Greek LITMUS Sentence Repetition Task." Languages 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010049.
Full textAbstract:
Recent proposals suggest that timing in acquisition, i.e., the age at which a phenomenon is mastered by monolingual children, influences acquisition of the L2, interacting with age of onset of bilingualism and amount of L2 input. Here, we examine whether timing affects acquisition of the bilingual child’s heritage language, possibly modulating the effects of environmental and child-internal factors. The performance of 6- to 12-year-old Greek heritage children residing in Germany (age of onset of German: 0–4 years) was assessed across a range of nine syntactic structures via the Greek LITMUS (Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings) Sentence Repetition Task. Based on previous studies on monolingual Greek, the structures were classified as “early” (main clauses (SVO), coordination, clitics, complement clauses, sentential negation, non-referential wh-questions) or as “late” (referential wh-questions, relatives, adverbial clauses). Current family use of Greek and formal instruction in Greek (environmental), chronological age, and age of onset of German (child-internal) were assessed via the Questionnaire for Parents of Bilingual Children (PABIQ); short-term memory (child-internal) was measured via forward digit recall. Children’s scores were generally higher for early than for late acquired structures. Performance on the three early structures with the highest scores was predicted by the amount of current family use of Greek. Performance on the three late structures was additionally predicted by forward digit recall, indicating that higher short-term memory capacity is beneficial for correctly reconstructing structurally complex sentences. We suggest that the understanding of heritage language development and the role of child-internal and environmental factors will benefit from a consideration of timing in the acquisition of the different structures.
27
Smith, M. Cecil, Nancy DeFrates-Densch, Thomas O. Schrader, Susan F. Crone, Denise Davis, Deborah J. Pumo, Joan T. Runne, and Preston C. van Loon. "Age and Skill Differences in Adaptive Competence." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 39, no. 2 (September 1994): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mlk2-hvue-d0ym-dabn.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has documented qualitative changes in certain cognitive abilities during the older adult years, such as in short-term memory, perceptual and motor skills, and attentional capacities. Other work has suggested that a number of significant age-related changes, across a variety of cognitive abilities, are based on social experiences, such as occupational or recreational activities. The current study is based on earlier research by Perlmutter and her colleagues (1990) and examines age and skill-related differences among adults engaged in a social-recreational activity. BINGO players, ranging in age from nineteen to seventy-four, and having from less than two months to over twenty years of playing experience, were given a variety of psychometric, cognitive, and experimental measures. The participants were also observed as they played real BINGO games. No age-related differences were found on the psychometric or memory measures, suggesting that BINGO playing experience may have positive benefits for many older adults. Skilled players at all age levels were found to be more efficient in their game-playing actions. The oldest and most experienced players did not differ from the younger, equally experienced, players on the cognitive and skill-based tasks. These findings demonstrate the need to investigate adaptive competence in those situations in which social-environmental factors play a role in enhancing older adults' cognitive skills.
28
Xie, Weizhen, Anne Berry, Cindy Lustig, Patricia Deldin, and Weiwei Zhang. "Poor Sleep Quality and Compromised Visual Working Memory Capacity." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000183.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectives:Reduction in the amount of information (storage capacity) retained in working memory (WM) has been associated with sleep loss. The present study examined whether reduced WM capacity is also related to poor everyday sleep quality and, more importantly, whether the effects of sleep quality could be dissociated from the effects of depressed mood and age on WM.Methods:In two studies, WM was assessed using a short-term recall task, producing behavioral measures for both the amount of retained WM information (capacity) and how precise the retained WM representations were (precision). Self-report measures of sleep quality and depressed mood were obtained using questionnaires.Results:In a sample of college students, Study 1 found that poor sleep quality and depressed mood could independently predict reduced WM capacity, but not WM precision. Study 2 generalized these sleep- and mood-related WM capacity effects to a community sample (aged 21–77 years) and further showed that age was associated with reduced WM precision.Conclusions:Together, these findings demonstrate dissociable effects of three health-related factors (sleep, mood, and age) on WM representations and highlighte the importance of assessing different aspects of WM representations (e.g., capacity and precision) in future neuropsychological research.
29
Staffini, Alessio, Thomas Svensson, Ung-il Chung, and Akiko Kishi Svensson. "Heart Rate Modeling and Prediction Using Autoregressive Models and Deep Learning." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010034.
Full textAbstract:
Physiological time series are affected by many factors, making them highly nonlinear and nonstationary. As a consequence, heart rate time series are often considered difficult to predict and handle. However, heart rate behavior can indicate underlying cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as well as mood disorders. Given the importance of accurate modeling and reliable predictions of heart rate fluctuations for the prevention and control of certain diseases, it is paramount to identify models with the best performance in such tasks. The objectives of this study were to compare the results of three different forecasting models (Autoregressive Model, Long Short-Term Memory Network, and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network) trained and tested on heart rate beats per minute data obtained from twelve heterogeneous participants and to identify the architecture with the best performance in terms of modeling and forecasting heart rate behavior. Heart rate beats per minute data were collected using a wearable device over a period of 10 days from twelve different participants who were heterogeneous in age, sex, medical history, and lifestyle behaviors. The goodness of the results produced by the models was measured using both the mean absolute error and the root mean square error as error metrics. Despite the three models showing similar performance, the Autoregressive Model gave the best results in all settings examined. For example, considering one of the participants, the Autoregressive Model gave a mean absolute error of 2.069 (compared to 2.173 of the Long Short-Term Memory Network and 2.138 of the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network), achieving an improvement of 5.027% and 3.335%, respectively. Similar results can be observed for the other participants. The findings of the study suggest that regardless of an individual’s age, sex, and lifestyle behaviors, their heart rate largely depends on the pattern observed in the previous few minutes, suggesting that heart rate can be reasonably regarded as an autoregressive process. The findings also suggest that minute-by-minute heart rate prediction can be accurately performed using a linear model, at least in individuals without pathologies that cause heartbeat irregularities. The findings also suggest many possible applications for the Autoregressive Model, in principle in any context where minute-by-minute heart rate prediction is required (arrhythmia detection and analysis of the response to training, among others).
30
Ebner, Natalie C., Donovan M. Ellis, Tian Lin, Harold A. Rocha, Huizi Yang, Sandeep Dommaraju, Adam Soliman, et al. "Uncovering Susceptibility Risk to Online Deception in Aging." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 3 (April 13, 2018): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Fraud in the aged is an emerging public health problem. An increasingly common form of deception is conducted online. However, identification of cognitive and socioemotional risk factors has not been undertaken yet. In this endeavor, this study extended previous work suggesting age effects on susceptibility to online deception. Methods Susceptibility was operationalized as clicking on the link in simulated spear-phishing emails that young (18−37 years), young-old (62−74 years), and middle-old (75−89 years) Internet users received, without knowing that the emails were part of the study. Participants also indicated for a set of spear-phishing emails how likely they would click on the embedded link (susceptibility awareness) and completed cognitive and socioemotional measures to determine susceptibility risk profiles. Results Higher susceptibility was associated with lower short-term episodic memory in middle-old users and with lower positive affect in young-old and middle-old users. Greater susceptibility awareness was associated with better verbal fluency in middle-old users and with greater positive affect in young and middle-old users. Discussion Short-term memory, verbal fluency, and positive affect in middle-old age may contribute to resilience against online spear-phishing attacks. These results inform mechanisms of online fraud susceptibility and real-life decision-supportive interventions toward fraud risk reduction in aging.
31
Sleurs, Charlotte, Jurgen Lemiere, Kristien Bullens, and Sandra Jacobs. "QOL-08. Visual memory and potential clinical risk factors in long-term survivors of a childhood brain tumor." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i134—i135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.491.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A brain tumor treatment has previously been associated with long-term neurocognitive sequelae. However, clinical profiles differ between certain patient subgroups. We investigated the impact of tumor location, radiotherapy (RT), and age at diagnosis in childhood brain tumor survivors on long-term cognitive outcomes. Adult survivors (n=32) of pediatric brain tumors (n=11 infratentorial, n=21 supratentorial; 14 astrocytomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 ependymomas, 2 germinomas, 1 hemangioblastomas, 4 medulloblastomas, 6 nervus opticus gliomas) participated in this neuropsychological study (n=11 RT) (16.8-35.1 years old, >2years after treatment, mean age at diagnosis = 9.2 years, 50% male). An extensive neurocognitive test battery was used to assess intelligence scales (n=5), verbal and visual memory (n=2), and language (n=3). In order to investigate the effects of tumor location (infra- versus supratentorial), RT (yes vs. no), and age at diagnosis on the cognitive scores, a multivariate ANCOVA model was tested including the main effects and interaction between age and RT. Of all included scales, only visual memory was significantly associated with the risk factors. More specifically, patients who received RT (F=10.3, p=.004) and were younger at diagnosis (F=6.9, p=.014) scored worse on this task. Furthermore, the interaction effect between these factors was also significant (F=8.8, p=.006). These findings suggest that younger patients could be more vulnerable to the radiotoxic effects to visual memory outcomes. Tumor location (supra- vs. infratentorial) was not significantly associated with any outcome. In this study, only visual memory appeared to be associated with the risk factors of interest. Both radiotherapy and age at radiotherapy, as well as their interaction, could be risk factors for altered neurodevelopmental patterns of brain areas associated with visual memory.
32
Paradis, Johanne. "Individual differences in child English second language acquisition." Internal and External Factors in Child Second Language Acquisition 1, no. 3 (July 29, 2011): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.1.3.01par.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated how various child-internal and child-external factors predict English L2 children’s acquisition outcomes for vocabulary size and accuracy with verb morphology. The children who participated (N=169) were between 4;10 and 7;0 years old (mean = 5;10), had between 3 to 62 months of exposure to English (mean = 20 months), and were from newcomer families to Canada. Results showed that factors such as language aptitude (phonological short term memory and analytic reasoning), age, L1 typology, length of exposure to English, and richness of the child’s English environment were significant predictors of variation in children’s L2 outcomes. However, on balance, child-internal factors explained more of the variance in outcomes than child-external factors. Relevance of these findings for Usage-Based theory of language acquisition is discussed.
33
Steffl, Michal, Tereza Jandova, Klara Dadova, Iva Holmerova, Piergiusto Vitulli, Sante D. Pierdomenico, and Tiziana Pietrangelo. "Demographic and Lifestyle Factors and Memory in European Older People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234727.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To investigate associations between demographic and lifestyle factors and memory performance in European people aged ≥60 years. Methods: Data from 23,641 people with a mean age of 70.2 (95 % CI 70.1–70.3) were analyzed and drawn from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Generalized linear models were carried out to estimate the associations for both men and women. Memory performance was tested using two word-list learning tests with immediate and delayed recall in SHARE. Results: age, severe limitations in physical activities, and any past alcohol problem were all negatively associated with memory performance. Contrarily, education level, higher nonalcoholic fluid intake, and engagement in sports activities more than once a week and in activities requiring a moderate level of energy were all positively associated with memory performance. Smoking showed a significant negative association only in the immediate recall test for both men and women together, whilst long-term illness showed association only in the delayed recall. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with memory performance in women, but in men, it depended on the drinking frequency. Conclusions: Demographic and lifestyle factors are associated with memory performance in the older population.
34
Efklides, Anastasia, Efterpi Yiultsi, Theopisti Kangellidou, Fotini Kounti, Fotini Dina, and Magda Tsolaki. "Wechsler Memory Scale, Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, and Everyday Memory Questionnaire in Healthy Adults and Alzheimer Patients." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18, no. 1 (April 2002): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.1.63.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is a laboratory-based memory test that has been criticized for its lack of ecological validity and for not testing long-term memory. A more recent memory test, which aims at testing everyday memory, is the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT); it tests prospective memory and other forms of memory not tapped by WMS. However, even this test does not capture all aspects of everyday memory problems often reported by adults. These problems are the object of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ). This study aimed at identifying the relationships between these three memory tests. The differential effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the above relationships was also studied. The sample consisted of 233 healthy adults (20 to 75+ years of age) and 39 AD patients (50 to 75 years of age). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the following latent factors: Verbal Memory, Visual Reconstruction, Orientation, Message (action embedded in spatial context), Visual Recognition, Spatial Memory, New Learning/Association Forming, Prospective/Episodic Memory, and Metamemory. These first-order factors were further explained by two second-order factors: Semantic Memory and Coordination of Semantic and Visuo-Spatial Memory. This basic structure was preserved in the sample of AD patients, although AD patients performed less well on the WMS and the RBMT. Some interesting findings regarding semantic memory, face recognition, and metamemory in AD patients are also reported. Age, education, but no gender effects on memory performance were also detected.
35
Tsentidou, Glykeria, Despina Moraitou, Magdalini Tsolaki, Elvira Masoura, and Vasileios Papaliagkas. "Trajectories of Cognitive Impairment in Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors, with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Assessing Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognition." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123017.
Full textAbstract:
With the aging of the population, a key concern of both societies and health services is to keep the population cognitively healthy until the maximum age limit. It is a well-known fact that vascular aging has a negative effect on the cognitive skills of adults, putting them at greater risk of developing dementia. The present longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the main dimensions of cognition in two pathological groups with different health profiles: a group of adults with vascular risk factors (VRF) (n = 35) and a group of adults with vascular risk factors and mild cognitive impairment (VRF + MCI) (n = 35). The two groups were matched in age, education, and gender. They were assessed with extensive neuropsychological testing at three different times with a distance of about 8 months between them; the assessment regarded executive functions, memory capacity, and Theory of Mind abilities. The analyses carried out were (a) mixed-measures ANOVA, (b) repeated measures ANOVA, and (c) ANOVA. The findings showed that global cognitive status and short-term memory are the main cognitive abilities that decline in community dwelling people bearing VRF. Hence, this group of adults should be examined at least every 2 years for this decline. As regards people with both VRF and MCI, it seems that the assessment of Theory of Mind abilities can better capture their further impairment. Global cognitive status, task/rule switching function, and long-term memory (delayed verbal recall) were revealed as the abilities that clearly and steadily differentiate VRF people with and without MCI.
36
Cohen, Koby, and Aviv Weinstein. "The Effects of Cannabinoids on Executive Functions: Evidence from Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids—A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8030040.
Full textAbstract:
Background—Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug in the Western world. Repeated cannabis use has been associated with short and long-term range of adverse effects. Recently, new types of designer-drugs containing synthetic cannabinoids have been widespread. These synthetic cannabinoid drugs are associated with undesired adverse effects similar to those seen with cannabis use, yet, in more severe and long-lasting forms. Method—A literature search was conducted using electronic bibliographic databases up to 31 December 2017. Specific search strategies were employed using multiple keywords (e.g., “synthetic cannabinoids AND cognition,” “cannabis AND cognition” and “cannabinoids AND cognition”). Results—The search has yielded 160 eligible studies including 37 preclinical studies (5 attention, 25 short-term memory, 7 cognitive flexibility) and 44 human studies (16 attention, 15 working memory, 13 cognitive flexibility). Both pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated an association between synthetic cannabinoids and executive-function impairment either after acute or repeated consumptions. These deficits differ in severity depending on several factors including the type of drug, dose of use, quantity, age of onset and duration of use. Conclusions—Understanding the nature of the impaired executive function following consumption of synthetic cannabinoids is crucial in view of the increasing use of these drugs.
37
Barbour, Elizabeth, Kodi van Antwerp, Majse Lind, Amanda Morgan, and Susan Bluck. "VARIATIONS IN COGNITIVE STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MEMORY DIFFICULTIES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY AND RESILIENCE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2093.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract By approximately 70-years-old, two out of three Americans experience some cognitive impairment (Hale et al., 2020). Cognitive abilities that often decline with age include working and short-term memory (Cohen, 2019), both important for encoding and retaining information (Alloway & Copello, 2013). Depending on severity, affected individuals may face difficulties performing daily tasks. Beyond biological mechanisms, Self-Life Acceptance (Resilience; Wagnild & Young, 1993) and personality (i.e., Neuroticism, Openness; BFI-2-XS; John & Soto, 2017) may relate to variations in cognitive status. We collected measures of Self-Life Acceptance, Neuroticism, and Openness to investigate their relations to older adults’ cognitive status (i.e., working and short-term memory; TICS; Brandt et al., 1988). The sample was comprised of older adults clearly experiencing memory difficulties (N = 49, Mage = 76.12). In a hierarchical regression, the interaction between Self-Life Acceptance and Neuroticism predicted higher cognitive status. Deconstructing this effect, for older people with low-to-moderate Neuroticism, having worse cognitive status was related to greater feelings of Self-Life Acceptance. These individuals show resilience; when cognitive status is worse, acceptance of oneself and life appears to ‘kick in’ allowing individuals to maintain well-being in the face of memory difficulties. Self-Life Acceptance, however, is not present for those high in Neuroticism. In a second regression, less Self-Life Acceptance and higher Openness were also related to better cognitive status. Our findings show psychosocial factors can predict variations in cognitive status. This work provides a window into how older individuals with different personality traits and varying capacity for resilience cope with memory loss.
38
Chundawat, Anshu, and Srikanta Kumar Panda. "Concept of Smriti (Memory), Influencing Factors and Enhancing Tools: A Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220618.
Full textAbstract:
Causes of diseases are well narrated in Ayurvedic texts. Intellectual error is identified as major cause of diseases and its role in the manifestation of psychosomatic diseases is well explained in Charaka Samhita. Smriti is the faculty of mind that plays an important role in perception of knowledge. It is one of the components of Pragya according to Ayurveda. It is the recalling capacity of the knowledge which is perceived by the brain from past experiences. The Smriti is determined by various factors like Prakriti, age, Ahara-vihara, repetition of events etc. The consideration of all the factors can provide better knowledge to improve smriti. If the person is not able to grasp or retain the present events or experiences, it is known as Smritivibhransha. Modern science considers various components of memory which includes recent & past concentration, recalling, retention and recognition. Memory is the ability of an individual to record sensory stimuli, events, information, etc., retain them over short or long periods of time and recall the same at a later date when needed. Poor memory, lower retention and slow recall are common problems in today’s stressful life. Age, faulty diet, stress, emotions and other factors may lead mild cognitive impairment to memory loss. Ayurvedic science deals with various Herbo-mineral preparations & procedures mentioned for excellence of memory. Key words: Smriti, Smritivibhransha, memory, Pragya, Ayurveda protocols.
39
Kujawski, Sławomir, Agnieszka Kujawska, Mariusz Kozakiewicz, Djordje G. Jakovljevic, Błażej Stankiewicz, Julia L. Newton, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska, and Paweł Zalewski. "Effects of Sitting Callisthenic Balance and Resistance Exercise Programs on Cognitive Function in Older Participants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 14925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214925.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Exercise training programs have the potential to improve cognitive function in older subjects. However, the majority of training programs are based on aerobic modality. In the current study, the influence of 3 months programs of sitting callisthenic balance (SCB) and resistance training (RT) on cognitive functioning and the mediating role that a change in the level of neurotrophic factors and strength in older, healthy participants plays were examined. Material and methods: Global cognitive function was examined using MoCA, short-term memory using Digit Span and Delayed Matching to Sample, set shifting using Trial Making Test Part B, speed of processing simple visual stimuli using Simple Reaction Time, decision making using Choice Reaction Time, visual attention with Visual Attention Test (VAT), tests. Strength of lower and upper limbs, neurotrophin level (irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were examined. Results: Improved scores in RT vs. SCB were noted in MoCA (p = 0.02), reaction time in SRT (p = 0.02), TMT B (p = 0.03), errors committed in CRT (p = 0.04) and VAT (p = 0.02) were observed. No significant changes in the level of neurotrophic factors were observed. Changes in upper limb strength were related to changes in the number of errors committed in the SRT (p = 0.03). Lower limb strength changes explained the dynamics of the number of correct answers (p = 0.002) and errors committed (p = 0.006) in VAT. Conclusions: Both SCB and RT influenced multiple cognitive domains. The RT program improved global cognitive functioning, while no improvement was noticed in the SCB group. Decision making, visual attention and global cognitive function were improved after the RT program. Set-shifting, short-term visual memory processing speed of simple visual stimuli were improved after the SCB program, while a decrease in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli was noted in the RT group. Changes in irisin were related to set-shifting and short-term memory, while in BDNF to an improvement in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli. Resistance exercise training programs could be applied to prevent age related declines of cognitive function in healthy older subjects.
40
Witty, Christine F., Layne P. Gardella, Maria C. Perez, and Jill M. Daniel. "Short-Term Estradiol Administration in Aging Ovariectomized Rats Provides Lasting Benefits for Memory and the Hippocampus: A Role for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I." Endocrinology 154, no. 2 (December 21, 2012): 842–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1698.
Full textAbstract:
We previously demonstrated that aged ovariectomized rats that had received prior estradiol treatment in middle age exhibited enhanced spatial memory and increased levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-α in the hippocampus long after estradiol treatment was terminated. The implication for cognition of increased levels of ERα resulting from prior estradiol exposure is unknown. In the absence of estrogens, growth factors, including IGF-I, can induce ERα-mediated transcription through ligand-independent mechanisms. Our current goal was to determine whether IGF-I mediates the ability of short-term exposure to estradiol to exert long-term effects on cognition and the hippocampus of aging females. Ovariectomized middle-aged rats were implanted with estradiol or cholesterol vehicle capsules. After 40 days, all capsules were removed and drug treatments were initiated. Half of each hormone treatment group received chronic intracerebroventricular delivery of the IGF-I receptor antagonist JB1, and the other half received artificial cerebrospinal fluid vehicle. Rats were tested on a spatial memory radial-arm maze task and hippocampi were immunostained for proteins of interest by Western blotting. As expected, previous treatment with estradiol enhanced spatial memory and increased levels of ERα in the hippocampus. JB1 reversed these effects. Previous treatment with estradiol resulted in lasting increases in levels of IGF-I receptors and phosphorylation of ERK/MAPK, a downstream signaling molecule of both ERα and IGF-I receptors, and increased levels of the ERα-regulated protein, choline acetyltransferase. JB1 blocked effects on ERK/MAPK and choline acetyltransferase. Results indicate that activation of IGF-I receptors is necessary for prior estradiol exposure to exert lasting impact on the hippocampus and memory.
41
Seung, Hye-Kyeung, and Robin Chapman. "Digit Span in Individuals With Down Syndrome and in Typically Developing Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 3 (June 2000): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4303.609.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored factors influencing digit span performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The following questions were asked: Is there a deficit in the phonological loop, either in articulatory rehearsal (measured in speaking rate and recall latency) or in the passive store (measured in recall duration)? Is reduced auditory short-term memory associated with a language production deficit? Thirty five adolescents with trisomy 21 Down syndrome were compared to 35 mental-age-matched and 35 language-production-matched controls. There was no group difference in speaking rate. The DS group had shorter digit spans than the MA controls. Language production level accounted for substantial variance in digit span in individuals with Down syndrome.
42
Young, Jeremy C., Nicholas G. Dowell, Peter W. Watt, Naji Tabet, and Jennifer M. Rusted. "Long-Term High-Effort Endurance Exercise in Older Adults: Diminishing Returns for Cognitive and Brain Aging." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 24, no. 4 (October 2016): 659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2015-0039.
Full textAbstract:
While there is evidence that age-related changes in cognitive performance and brain structure can be offset by increased exercise, little is known about the impact long-term high-effort endurance exercise has on these functions. In a cross-sectional design with 12-month follow-up, we recruited older adults engaging in high-effort endurance exercise over at least 20 years, and compared their cognitive performance and brain structure with a nonsedentary control group similar in age, sex, education, IQ, and lifestyle factors. Our findings showed no differences on measures of speed of processing, executive function, incidental memory, episodic memory, working memory, or visual search for older adults participating in long-term high-effort endurance exercise, when compared without confounds to nonsedentary peers. On tasks that engaged significant attentional control, subtle differences emerged. On indices of brain structure, long-term exercisers displayed higher white matter axial diffusivity than their age-matched peers, but this did not correlate with indices of cognitive performance.
43
Braden, Christopher D., Patrick L. Alore, Patrick J. Stiff, Tulio E. Rodriguez, Mala Parthasarathy, Amir A. Toor, and Micheal P. Macken. "Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Limbic Encephalitis in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2919.2919.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Limbic encephalitis is a rare complication reported in patients receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). It is characterized by a syndrome of short-term memory deficit, altered mental status, seizures and coma accompanied by characteristic MR imaging findings of abnormal high signal intensity on flair and T2 weighted images in the mesial temporal lobes. The incidence and risk factors for the development of of limbic encephalitis are not well studied in patients undergoing HCT. In this study we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 399 allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted at our institution from June 1995 to June 2006 to determine the incidence of limbic encephalitis among these patients. Forty-nine of these patients received umbilical cord blood transplants (UCBT). We identified 66/399 patients who underwent MRI of the brain to evaluate neurologic symptoms; 28 patients had abnormal MRIs. The MRIs were then examined to determine if the findings were consistent with limbic encephalitis. Seven of the twenty-eight MRIs showed changes compatible with limbic encephalitis. Five of the seven patients with limbic encephalitis had undergone UCBT and 2 had received matched unrelated donor HCT. The median age of the patients was 44 years (range 32–54), 5 were female. Diseases treated were AML (3), Hodgkins disease (2), Burkitt’s lymphoma(1) and Multiple Myeloma (1). Four patients had failed prior autologous transplant. Six patients had persistent disease at the time of transplant. Total body irradiation based conditioning was given in 4 of 7 patients. All patients had received anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as a part of their conditioning. GVHD prophylaxis was with methylprednisolone + tacrolimus (5), mycophenolate mofetil + tacrolimus(1) and methotrexate + tacrolimus(1). The 2 patients that did not have methylprednisolone as part of GVHD prophylaxis received it as treatment for acute GVHD. All of the patients received prophylactic high dose acyclovir or valacyclovir. The median time from transplant to diagnosis was 39 days, (range 28–148). Symptoms included: short term memory deficit/confusion (6), seizures (5) and coma(4). SIADH was seen in 4 patients with a mean serum sodium of 125 mmol/L. Four patients had elevated CSF protein (median for the entire cohort 48 mg/dL; range 20–105) and glucose (82 mg/dL; 68–97). Three patients had an elevated CSF WBC count (4 cells/μL; 0–34) with lymphocyte pleocytosis (81%; 0–100). CSF bacterial and viral cultures were negative on all of the patients. Five patients had HHV-6 PCR performed; 4 of these had HHV-6 DNA detected in the CSF. Six of the seven patients recieved second line antiviral therapy with either ganciclovir or foscarnet. Three of the patients who had therapy started at the onset of symptoms had clinical improvement. Short term memory deficit persisted in all the patients. Six of the seven patients have died with the median survival of 39 days (range 4–110) from diagnosis of limbic encephalitis. One patient is alive 11 months after diagnosis with severe neurologic dysfunction. We describe a rare, but devastating complication of allogeneic transplantation affecting approximately 2% of our allografts and 10% of UCBT recipients. Heavily pretreated patients, and those receiving ATG and corticosteroids appear to have a higher risk of limbic encephalitis.
44
Montgomery, James W., Ronald B. Gillam, Julia L. Evans, Sarah Schwartz, and Jamison D. Fargo. "A Comparison of the Storage-Only Deficit and Joint Mechanism Deficit Hypotheses of the Verbal Working Memory Storage Capacity Limitation of Children With Developmental Language Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 10 (October 25, 2019): 3808–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-19-0071.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The storage-only deficit and joint mechanism deficit hypotheses are 2 possible explanations of the verbal working memory (vWM) storage capacity limitation of school-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD). We assessed the merits of each hypothesis in a large group of children with DLD and a group of same-age typically developing (TD) children. Method Participants were 117 children with DLD and 117 propensity-matched TD children 7–11 years of age. Children completed tasks indexing vWM capacity, verbal short-term storage, sustained attention, attention switching, and lexical long-term memory (LTM). Results For the DLD group, all of the mechanisms jointly explained 26.5% of total variance. Storage accounted for the greatest portion (13.7%), followed by controlled attention (primarily sustained attention; 6.5%) and then lexical LTM (5.6%). For the TD group, all 3 mechanisms together explained 43.9% of total variance. Storage accounted for the most variance (19.6%), followed by lexical LTM (16.0%), sustained attention (5.4%), and attention switching (3.0%). There was a significant LTM × Group interaction, in which stronger LTM scores were associated with significantly higher vWM capacity scores for the TD group as compared to the DLD group. Conclusions Results support a joint mechanism deficit account of the vWM capacity limitation of children with DLD. Results provide substantively new insights into the underlying factors of the vWM capacity limitation in DLD. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9932312
45
Richmond, Lauren L., Timothy Brackins, and Suparna Rajaram. "Episodic Memory Performance Modifies the Strength of the Age–Brain Structure Relationship." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074364.
Full textAbstract:
The bivariate relationships between brain structure, age, and episodic memory performance are well understood. Advancing age and poorer episodic memory performance are each associated with smaller brain volumes and lower cortical thickness measures, respectively. Advancing age is also known to be associated with poorer episodic memory task scores on average. However, the simultaneous interrelationship between all three factors—brain structure, age, and episodic memory—is not as well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the preservation of episodic memory function would modify the typical trajectory of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory function using linear mixed models in a large adult lifespan sample. We found that the model allowing for age and episodic memory scores to interact predicted the hippocampal volume better than simpler models. Furthermore, we found that a model including a fixed effect for age and episodic memory scores (but without the inclusion of the interaction term) predicted the cortical volumes marginally better than a simpler model in the prefrontal regions and significantly better in the posterior parietal regions. Finally, we observed that a model containing only a fixed effect for age (e.g., without the inclusion of memory scores) predicted the cortical thickness estimates and regional volume in a non-memory control region. Together, our findings provide support for the idea that the preservation of memory function in late life can buffer against typical patterns of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory.
46
Zentner, Josef, Helmut K. Wolf, Christof Helmstaedter, Thomas Grunwald, Ales F. Aliashkevich, Otmar D. Wiestler, Christian E. Elger, and Johannes Schramm. "Clinical relevance of amygdala sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 91, no. 1 (July 1999): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.91.1.0059.
Full textAbstract:
Object. The goal of this study was to define the incidence and clinical significance of amygdala sclerosis (AS) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods. Surgical specimens of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and the hippocampus excised from 71 patients who were treated for medically intractable TLE were quantitatively evaluated using a computer-assisted image-analysis system and compared with 10 normal autopsy specimens. Densities of neurons and reactive astrocytes in the patients with TLE were correlated with clinical, neuropsychological, and depth-electroencephalography data. The neuron counts of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus did not correlate with various presumed etiological factors of TLE including hereditary seizures, birth complications, febrile convulsions, traumatic brain injury, infections, seizure semiology, and epileptological outcome. However, patient age at surgery was significantly higher (mean difference 10 years) when AS was present, as compared with patients without AS (p < 0.01). Seizure origin, as determined by using amygdalohippocampal depth electrodes, did not correlate with the presence or absence of AS. Neuropsychologically, there was a significant correlation between the neuronal densities of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and both preoperative visual recognition and postoperative deterioration of short-term verbal memory performance (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Except for the relatively long history of epilepsy, the presence of AS is not associated with specific clinical or electrocorticographic features of mesial TLE. However, patients without AS are particularly at risk for deterioration of short-term verbal memory following amygdalohippocampectomy.
47
Brinkman, Tara M., Wei Liu, Gregory T. Armstrong, Amar J. Gajjar, Thomas E. Merchant, Cara I. Kimberg, Larry E. Kun, et al. "Tumor location and neurocognitive impairment in adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9531.
Full textAbstract:
9531 Background: Follow-up guidelines identify supratentorial tumor location as a risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes during childhood; yet few studies have systematically compared long-term cognitive outcomes between adult survivors of childhood infratentorial and supratentorial brain tumors. Methods: Neurocognitive functions were evaluated in 130 adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors (58 supratentorial and 72 infratentorial, mean [SD] current age = 27.4 years [5.2], age at diagnosis = 8.6 years [4.6], and time since diagnosis = 18.8 years [4.8]) participating in the SJLIFE long-term follow-up protocol. Age-adjusted standard scores for measures of intelligence, attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning were calculated, with clinical impairment defined as scores <10th percentile. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations between neurocognitive functions and tumor location. Results: As a group, survivors performed below average across multiple neurocognitive domains, including full scale IQ (mean=88.1; SD=18.2), with 34% demonstrating impaired IQ. Survivors of infratentorial tumors were more likely to be impaired on measures of focused attention (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.03-4.65) and fine motor dexterity (OR=2.62, 95% CI=1.21-5.66) compared to survivors of supratentorial tumors. After adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, shunt placement and cranial radiation (yes/no), infratentorial tumor location was only associated with reduced performance on a task of visual abstract reasoning (OR=3.76, 95% CI=1.40-10.1). Cranial radiation therapy was independently associated with impaired short-term memory (OR=15.6, 95% CI=1.64-147.8) and processing speed (OR=3.86, 95% CI=1.15-13.0). Conclusions: Tumor location was not associated with neurocognitive impairment after adjusting for treatment exposures. To further delineate potential differences associated with tumor location, future studies will examine factors including radiation dose/volume, extent of surgical resection, and medical complications.
48
Beck, Gabrielle, Gary Deimling, Boaz Kahana, Eva Kahana, Erin Phelps, and Spencier Ciaralli. "The Importance of Cancer-Related and Other Health Factors on Cognition Among Older-Adult Long-Term Survivors." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1398.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Previous research has identified cancer and cancer-treatment related effects on survivors’ mental impairment including memory and concentration. However, research has not systematically examined the relative impact of cancer in the context of age and other age-related health challenges common in later life. This paper compares the effects of cancer-related factors with other health challenges faced by 471 older adult long-term survivors from an NCI-funded study of a randomly selected tumor registry sample from a major comprehensive cancer center. Having had chemotherapy is associated with several cognitive outcomes including memory and concentration. Survivors who reported more cancer-related symptoms during treatment reported a greater number of cognitive symptoms even decades after treatment. Importantly, other comorbid health problems as well as social factors were found to be important in explaining symptoms of cognitive impairment in this older adult sample. These findings suggest that health care and mental health providers consider the range of health challenges, including those related to cancer and its treatment, as they provide patient centered care.
49
Ambrose, Charles T. "Pro-Angiogenesis Therapy and Aging: A Mini-Review." Gerontology 63, no. 5 (2017): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477402.
Full textAbstract:
Apart from major illnesses and chronic afflictions, the elderly experience lesser ailments, such as muscle weakness, cold intolerance, and transient memory lapses. Physical signs in the aged include wrinkled skin and the slow healing of skin abrasions. These ailments and signs are grouped together because they may be due in part to an age-linked, waning microcirculation. A reduced capillary density (CD) throughout the body of aged people and animals has been reported in over 40 papers. The reduced CD is due in turn to declining levels of angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) throughout the body during old age, as documented in 7 reports in the literature. From this perspective, old age is a deficiency state of AGFs, much like the reduced testosterone levels in elderly males. The above data on reduced CD and AGFs are the basis for the “angiogenesis hypothesis of aging”, whose corollary suggests pro-angiogenesis therapy for symptoms and signs of old age. Several AGFs are now available in recombinant forms (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor) and have been used safely in animal experiments and in short-term clinical trials.
50
Daar, Shahina, Muna Al Saadoon, Yasser Wali, Rawan Al Mujaini, Sarah Al Rahbi, Moon Fai Chan, Alya Al-Siyabi, Niveen Alansary, Sangeetha Mahadevan, and Samir Al-Adawi. "Cognitive Function in Adults with Beta-Thalassemia Major in Oman: A Pilot Study." Oman Medical Journal 36, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): e322-e322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2021.101.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Neurocognitive dysfunction has been established in several studies in children with beta-thalassemia major (TM). However, despite its wide occurrence in populations across the Arabian Peninsula, scant attention has been paid to shedding light on neuropsychological functioning among adults with TM. This study aimed to examine the level of neuropsychological functioning among Omani adults with TM regularly followed-up at a tertiary care hospital in Oman. A related aim was to examine the factors associated with neuropsychological performance. Methods: Standard neuropsychological tests were used to measure attention and concentration, learning and remembering, verbal fluency, and executive functioning. Participants were also gauged on indices of intellectual ability and affective range. As normative data for neuropsychological functioning in Oman is scarce, healthy age- and sex-matched controls underwent the same testing procedure. The log-linear model was used to identify factors associated with TM patients on demographic and neuropsychological performance. Results: This study recruited 28 adult patients with TM (age 30.0±6.5) and 39 healthy controls (age 29.2±6.1). Findings suggested that having a diagnosis of TM was significantly associated with symptoms of depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001), indices of executive functioning (verbal fluency) (p =0.003), working memory (digit span) (p < 0.001), and verbal and auditory attention scores (California Verbal Learning, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The data appears to suggest that short-term memory capacity, verbal fluency, and verbal and auditory attention may be impaired in TM compared to controls. Studies on a larger cohort are therefore warranted.