Academic literature on the topic 'Short-term memory Age Factors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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Bjerklie, Gail L., and Arthur MacNeill Horton. "Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of the Short-Term Memory Test." Psychological Reports 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.1.113.
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This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.
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Hartley, A. A., D. M. Little, N. K. Speer, and J. Jonides. "Input, Retention, and Output Factors Affecting Adult Age Differences in Visuospatial Short-Term Memory." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 66B, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr020.
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Schyolkova, O. Yu, and D. A. Eremina. "Psychosocial and clinical factors of cognitive functioning of patients with coronary heart disease after coronary stent." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080314.
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Memory disorders are a common pathology in children with convulsive paroxysms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pathology of memory in children with paroxysmal states have quantitative and qualitative specificity. The study involved 107 children aged 6–10 years. 59 people had a history of paroxysmal state, 12 people with epileptiform activity on EEG without seizures in history. A comparison group comprised 36 people with residual cerebral pathology without a history of seizures. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological research methods memory. The results of empirical studies have shown that increasing importance in the picture of violations mnestic activity in children with convulsive paroxysms addition to short-term verbal memory disorders have impaired short-term visual memory, the phenomenon of amnestic aphasia and modal-nonspecific memory disorders. The degree of short-term verbal memory disorders correlates with the age of onset of seizures, visual memory - with the number of attacks in history. Consideration of the results will allow to organize the process of providing psychological assistance to sick children more effectively.
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Belovol, Elena V., Zlata V. Boyko, and Elena Yu Shurupova. "Cognitive Factors of Life Satisfaction among the Russian Elderly." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-4-671-684.
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The overall aim of this article was to examine factors related to life satisfaction in old age. There are several approaches to understanding life satisfaction in psychology. Some theories that emphasize objective circumstances as most influential for life satisfaction are commonly labelled bottom-up theories, whereas theories that focus on stable individual characteristics are commonly labelled top-down theories. It is argued that certain personality traits, in particular extraversion and neuroticism, partly determine a persons satisfaction with life. At the same time, cognitive factors related to life satisfaction are rarely the subject of empirical research. In this study, age, social status (works, does not work, in retirement), type of family (nuclear or extended), and a number of indices of cognitive functioning (cognitive flexibility, memory - short-term and long-term, creativity and thinking) were used as predictor variables of life satisfaction. Ninety-seven respondents aged 50-84 participated in the research, which finds that, along with non-cognitive factors of life satisfaction, cognitive factors play great roles as well. Based on the data obtained, an empirical model of cognitive factors of life satisfaction was constructed. This research demonstrates that all cognitive variables examined (flexibility of thinking, long-term memory, short-term memory, thinking and creativity) make positive contributions to increasing satisfaction; notably the roles of long-term memory and creativity are especially salient. This study also found satisfaction is significantly higher among working older respondents when compared with their non-working colleagues, with the oldest employees the most satisfied. Family status is a factor related to life satisfaction in old age as well, since old people who live with a spouse are more satisfied than those who live in extended families with children and grandchildren. A regression model combined variables from top-down and bottom-up theories. The model includes memory and age as personal characteristics, and family type as a circumstantial predictor for life satisfaction in old age.
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Humphrey, Darryl G., Arthur F. Kramer, and Sheryl S. Gore. "Perceptual Organization and Grouping Factors: Age Related Effects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 2 (October 1994): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800209.
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Older adults have evidenced a poorer ability to use grouping factors in such tasks as Embedded Figures, Incomplete Figures, and partial report. Difficulties in disambiguating the findings of these studies has left unanswered the cause of this age-related difference. By taking into account age-related differences in visual short-term memory, the results of the current study suggest that older adults maintain the ability to capitalize on the perceptual organization of the visual environment as a means of facilitating recall performance. These results have implications for the design of information displays, product labels, codes, and instructions.
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Lücke, Anna, Cornelia Wrzus, Denis Gerstorf, Ute Kunzmann, Martin Katzorreck, and Oliver Schilling. "Sleep and Working Memory: Short-Term Links in Daily Life and Long-Term Associations." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1280.
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Abstract Sufficient sleep is relevant for both momentary cognitive functioning and long-term cognitive developments. However, which factors make people particularly vulnerable to the cognitive consequences of sleep loss remains an open question. Here, we obtained data from 122 young-old (66-69 years) and 35 very old (85-89 years) adults who provided six daily ambulatory assessments of working memory performance and daily sleep over one week, and long-term trajectories in processing speed and working memory performance. Our results add to current knowledge in three ways: First, results from multilevel structural equation models showed both too little and too much daily sleep was associated with poorer working memory in everyday life. Secondly, this association was independent of cognitive aging over the preceding four years. Thirdly, average sleep duration did not predict cognitive changes over the next year. Participants’ age and health as well as emotional functioning are discussed as further influences on the associations.
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ARCHIBALD, LISA M. D., and SUSAN E. GATHERCOLE. "Nonword repetition and serial recall: Equivalent measures of verbal short-term memory?" Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 4 (September 28, 2007): 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070324.
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Evidence that the abilities to repeat nonwords and to learn language are very closely related to one another has led to widespread interest in the cognitive processes underlying nonword repetition. One suggestion is that nonword repetition is a relatively pure measure of phonological short-term memory closely associated with other measures of short-term memory such as serial recall. The present study compared serial recall of lists of monosyllabic nonwords and repetition of matched phonological forms presented as a multisyllabic nonword in typically developing school-age children. Results revealed that whereas both serial recall and nonword repetition responses showed classic short-term memory characteristics such as a serial position curve and decreasing accuracy with increasing sequence length, nonword repetition was associated with more accurate repetition overall and errors that were more closely matched to the target. Consonants benefited from nonword repetition to a greater extent than vowels. These findings indicate that factors in addition to short-term memory support retention in nonword repetition. It is suggested that coarticulatory and prosodic cues may play important roles in the recall of multisyllabic phonological forms.
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Armstrong, Gregory T., Petersen C. Ronald, Nan Zhang, Aimee Santucci, Deokumar Srivastava, Wilburn E. Reddick, Robert J. Ogg, et al. "Long-Term Memory Deficits and Early Onset Dementia in Aging Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with Cranial Irradiation." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.664.664.
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Abstract Abstract 664 Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received prophylactic cranial radiation therapy (CRT) are at increased risk for deficits in neurocognitive skills, including attention, working memory and processing speed. As survivors age, global brain injury from CRT may reduce cognitive reserve, placing them at risk for early onset dementia or long-term memory deficits. The prevalence of dementia and memory abnormalities in adult survivors of childhood ALL has not previously been established. Methods: Analyses were conducted on 265 of 445 (60%) eligible survivors of childhood ALL (median age 36 years, range 26–54 years; 52% female) treated with 18Gy (n=127) or 24Gy (n=138) CRT with a median time from CRT of 30 years (range 15–46 years). Participants completed the Wechsler Memory Scale IV, including the Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BSCE), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Age-adjusted standard scores were calculated and the BSCE was also adjusted for education level. Prevalence of memory impairment (<1 SD below age-expected mean), stratified by RT dose exposure, is reported and logistic regression used to identify risk factors for impairment. A subset of survivors (n=85) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including assessment of hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, white matter volume, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI (fMRI) during a cued-recall memory task. Results: Survivors who received 24 Gy CRT had increased impairment on global measures of both short-term recall (33%; p<0.001) and long-term recall (30%; p<0.001), while no increase in impairment was seen after 18Gy. Impaired short-term recall was associated with smaller right (p=0.02) and left (p<0.01) temporal lobe volumes, while impaired long-term recall was associated with thinner parietal and frontal cortices. On subtests evaluating narrative memory (i.e. story recall) and design memory, increasing RT dose (24 vs. 18Gy) was associated with an increased prevalence of long-term memory impairment (narrative: 28% vs. 12%, p=0.001; designs: 13% vs. 3.2%, p=0.003). However, no CRT dose response was identified for short term narrative and design memory. Survivors with impaired long-term memory for designs demonstrated a compensatory increase in left hippocampal fMRI activation (p=0.005), and the effect was greater in the higher dose group (p = 0.04). The mean score for long-term narrative memory among survivors who received 24Gy was equivalent to the mean score of a 70–74 year old adult population. Neither young age (0–4 years) at CRT (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–2.7), time from CRT (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.1) nor intrathecal methotrexate exposure (OR 3.9, 95% CI 0.4–36.1) were significantly associated with long-term memory deficits. Reduced cognitive status (by BSCE) was identified after 18Gy (9%, p=0.11) and 24Gy (18%, p<0.001), suggesting a CRT dose-response effect. On diffusion tensor imaging, increased radial diffusivity in the frontal, parietal and temporal regions, an inverse measure of white matter integrity, was associated with reduced BSCE. Current employment rates were equivalent (63%) in both CRT dose groups, suggesting no difference in functional status. Conclusions: Aging adult survivors of ALL who received 24Gy CRT have reduced cognitive status and significant impairment in short-term and long-term memory. There appears to be a dose response effect selective for long-term narrative and design memory, but not for short term narrative and design memory. These patterns are consistent with early onset of age-related (long-term) memory loss, and early stage dementia, yet at a median age of only 36 years. After 24Gy, survivors have the narrative memory equivalent to a 70 year-old in the general population. Survivors with memory impairment demonstrated reduced integrity on structural and functional neuroimaging in anatomical regions established as essential for memory formation and long-term recall. However, these memory impairments do not seem to affect functional status (employment rates) suggesting that, rather than frank dementia, deficits in middle adulthood are consistent with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Longitudinal evaluation of this population is needed as MCI often progresses into early onset dementia with age. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mardo, Elite, Galia Avidan, and Bat-Sheva Hadad. "Adults’ Markers of Face Processing Are Present at Age 6 and Are Interconnected Along Development." Perception 47, no. 10-11 (September 14, 2018): 1002–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618794943.
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Recent studies on the development of face processing argue for a late, quantitative, domain-specific development of face processing, and face memory in particular. Most previous findings were based on separately tracking the developmental course of face perception skills, comparing performance across different age groups. Here, we adopted a different approach studying the mechanisms underlying the development of face processing by focusing on how different face skills are interrelated over the years (age 6 to adulthood). Specifically, we examined correlations within and between different categories of tasks: face domain-specific skills involving face recognition based on long-term representations (famous face), and short-term memory retention (Cambridge Face Memory Test), perceptual face-specific marker (inversion effect), global effects in scene perception (global–local task), and the perception of facial expressions. Factor analysis revealed that face identity skills have a similar pattern of interrelations throughout development, identifying two factors: a face domain-specific factor comprising adultlike markers of face processing and a general factor incorporating related, but nonspecific perceptual skills. Domain-specific age-related changes in face recognition entailing short- and long-term retention of face representations were observed, along with mature perceptual face-specific markers and more general perceptual effects predicting face perception skills already at age 6. The results suggest that the domain-specific changes in face processing are unlikely to result from developmental changes in perceptual skills driving face recognition. Instead, development may either involve improvement in the ability to retain face representations in memory or changes in the interactions between the perceptual representations of faces and their representations in long-term memory.
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Schilling, Oliver, Denis Gerstorf, Anna Jori Lücke, and Martin Katzorreck. "LONG-TERM ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND STABILITY OF DAILY WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN OLD AGE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.011.
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Abstract Mixed evidence of associations of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging suggested that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, whereas higher consumption operates as risk factor for cognitive decline. Daily short-term fluctuations of cognitive performance have also been established as risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline. Bringing these two lines of research together, our study analyzed associations of long-term trajectories of alcohol consumption with ambulatory assessments (7 days, 6 beeps per day) of working memory (WM) performance in participants (N = 155, aged 66-69 and 86-89) followed-up from a long-term (>20 years) longitudinal aging study. Overall, the findings do not support the “risk-view”, because long-term alcohol consumption patterns were not found to be predictive of either individual levels or intra-individual momentary fluctuations of WM performance. Follow-up analyses will examine the combined effects of alcohol consumption with further risk factors, such as long-term declines in health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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Valk, Isabelle. "The association of working memory and anxiety with skill acquisition and transfer in young and older adults." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/816.
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Two studies, involving a total of 184 adults between 17 and 89 years of age, were conducted to determine whether age differences in skill acquisition and transfer could be related to age differences in working memory functioning and anxiety. In both experiments, working memory functioning was measured using the Digit Span task (Wechsler, 1997) und the Reading Span tusk (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), while anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). Participants were required to perform a mental arithmetic task in Experiment I, and a visual numerosity task in Experiment 2. In each experiment, participants received 240 trials of the task during u training phase (in which one set of stimuli were used) and 240 trials during a transfer phase (in which a second set of stimuli were used). The results from both studies revealed that partial positive transfer occurred from one phase to another for both young and older adults. This indicates that both age groups learned the skills in a similar way: using a combination of general und specific learning, Moreover, the older adults in both experiments became faster with practice, they generally improved as much as younger adults with practice, and they were able to achieve the same or better levels of accuracy compared to younger adults, This suggests that healthy older adults possess the ability to learn new skills. When scores for working memory span and anxiety were analysed, working memory span was found to correlate significantly with the accuracy levels and reaction times of the young age group in Experiment l, and of both age groups in Experiment 2. Similarly, anxiety levels were related to reaction times for both age groups in both experiments, with higher levels of anxiety also associated with smaller working memory spans for the young adults in both experiments. These results suggest that both working memory span and anxiety hove an impact on the performance of participants, and can account for some of the age differences observed during skill acquisition and transfer.
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Eng, Karen. "The relationship between short-term memory and reading in learning disabled and average learners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30551.
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The purposes of the present study were to investigate the relationship between short-term memory and reading in learning disabled and average learners, and to determine whether this relationship is different between ages 8 to 10 and ages 11 to 13 in these two populations.
Studies have shown that children with learning disabilities tend to perform poorer on short-term memory tasks compared to children with no disabilities. The present study was conducted because the short-term memory component in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is new and it was felt that information regarding this test's usefulness with learning disabled students would be beneficial for individuals in the field of educational assessment.
A total of 80 children, 39 average and 41 learning disabled were selected from the five public elementary schools that have learning disabilities classes in the Langley School District. For each group of learning disabled children selected from the learning disabilities class, an equal number of average learners was chosen from the same school. The children were divided into two age groups: 8- to 10-year-olds and 11- to 13-year-olds and then further divided into their two learning categories.
Four short-term memory subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition: Bead Memory, Memory for Sentences, Memory for Digits and Memory for Objects and three reading comprehension subtests, from B.C. QUick Individual Educational Test, Peabody Individual Achievement Test and Test of Reading Comprehension respectively, were administered to all groups to measure short-term memory and reading.
The Multivariate Analysis of Variance and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation were used to analyse the data. Results showed that the average learners scored significantly higher than the learning disabled group in both short-term memory and reading. There was no interaction effect of learning group and age on reading or short-term memory. Significant relationships were found between short-term mmeory and reading for the average learning group but none was found for the learning disabled group.Education, Faculty of
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Scicluna, Amanda Christine. "Age differences in verbal short-term memory and the process of redintegration." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/39316c1e9ddeb1f8fccae245d5993a0cbfff347ffa82877dd60ec8bdaa04c62c/4339639/Scicluna_2016_Age_differences_in_verbal_short_term_memory.pdf.
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There are long-standing but ongoing debates in the literature about the composition of memory and the causes of short-term forgetting. Some researchers believe human memory is a dual system that comprises separate stores for verbal short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), best exemplified by Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) Working Memory Model. Dual memory researchers also believe that information stored in verbal STM decays over time if it is not refreshed through engaging in some form of covert rehearsal. However, other researchers believe verbal STM and LTM are intrinsically related, with short-term forgetting resulting from some level of interference that disrupts encoding the newly acquired information into verbal STM. The literature has indicated that the Working Memory Model could explain some but not all of the effects in verbal STM. In addition, while information degrades from verbal STM, it is not entirely lost and individuals use their LTM to assist with short-term recall. Moreover, researchers have found that decay does not explain all short-term forgetting and that interference does cause short-term forgetting. This thesis examined the unitary view of human memory by investigating the redintegration explanation for short-term recall, whereby individuals access long-term knowledge to aid in the reconstruction of degraded phonological memory traces for later recall. Redintegration emphasises that verbal STM and LTM work in unison to help individuals retrieve information for later recall. The three studies comprising this thesis examined the predictions of redintegration in relation to short-term recall and age differences by varying the difficulty level of the memory task. All studies operationalised task difficulty by manipulating the combination of recall intervals (immediate vs. delayed), study conditions (silence vs. irrelevant speech), and presentation rates (one second vs. two seconds). Twenty young and 20 older adults were instructed to remember short lists of words across eight different memory conditions. In Study one, redintegration was measured using the word length effect (Baddeley, Thompson, & Buchanan, 1975) and findings showed that as task difficulty increased, recall was higher for short words because they had fewer segments to reassemble from LTM compared with long words. In Study two, redintegration was measured using associate word pairs and findings showed that as task difficulty increased, recall was higher for words in the associate pairs because participants used the semantic relationships in LTM as additional retrieval cues to reconstruct the short-term phonological traces that rapidly dissipated during encoding. In Study three, redintegration was measured using the false memory effect (Roediger III & McDermott, 1995) and findings showed that as task difficulty increased, recall was higher for words related to a non-presented critical lure words because participants used the relatedness among the words along with the critical lure as additional retrieval cues to search LTM and reconstruct the degraded short-term phonological traces. For all studies, there were no significant age differences in redintegration, suggesting that young and older adults engage in the same process by using long-term information to rebuild the rapidly dissipating phonological memory traces for short-term recall and use additional retrieval cues to enhance the redintegration process. Collectively, these findings provide support for the redintegration process that emphasises the intrinsic relationship between verbal STM and LTM. When short- term recall became difficult, young and older adults effectively cued the search for long-term information to facilitate the redintegration process and aid short-term recall. This thesis also substantiated the interference view on short-term forgetting, where increasing task difficulty increased the reliance on redintegration to improve verbal STM performance.
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Daniel, Lauren C. "Prior knowledge and age effects in memory : implications for episodic and short-term/ immediate memory." Thesis, City, University of London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16970/.
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The ageing literature shows robust age-related declines in immediate (e.g. Bopp & Verhaeghen, 2005; Multhaup, Balota & Cowan, 1996; Verhaeghen, 2002; Verhaeghen, Marcoen & Goosens, 1993) and episodic memory (Fleischman, Wilson, Gabrieli, Bienias & Bennett, 2004; Park, 2000; Schaie, 2005; Singer, Lindenberger & Baltes, 2003). However, older adults also consistently show stable or even improving levels of semantic knowledge (Surprenant & Neath, 2007). In younger adults, Hemmer and Steyvers (2009) showed that episodic memory for the properties (i.e. size) of familiar items is influenced by multiple levels of pre-existing knowledge. In this thesis, I developed their paradigm to systematically explore these knowledge effects in healthy ageing for both episodic memory and short-term/ immediate memory. This was done by comparing memory for familiar relative to unfamiliar faces, as well as for the size of familiar everyday objects relative to unfamiliar, random shapes. Across all experiments, both age groups appeared to rely on pre-existing item-based knowledge for the familiar items to the same extent, suggesting no age-related decrement in the use of prior knowledge. Moreover, the result showed that item-specific knowledge for the unfamiliar items develops over the course of the experiment. This became apparent in cases when the distribution of target item sizes was bimodal, as this made session-based learning of the item statistics easier to observe; this experiment-based knowledge/ learning was again equivalent for both age groups. The older adults, however, consistently demonstrated greater reconstruction variability and overall error. I interpreted this as evidence of noisier memory representations of the studied items for the older adults (e.g. Noack, Lovden & Lindenberger, 2014); the findings suggest that this increase in error does not lead to more knowledge-based bias in older adults.
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Huang, Wei. "Processing resources, cautiousness, memory self-efficacy, and age differences in free recall." Morgantown, WV : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=281.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1998.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 89 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-82).
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Costanza-Smith, Amy. "An investigation of sentence production, working memory & task demands in school-age children /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8268.
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Pollock, Susan Marie. "The role of articulatory-phonological and lexical-semantic factors in short-term memory span." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29766.pdf.
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Pollock, Susan 1965. "The role of articulatory-phonological and lexical-semantic factors in short-term memory span /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27391.
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The nature of the rehearsal mechanism that supports short-term memory span (STM), and the role of lexical and semantic knowledge in list recall was evaluated. Forty university students (aged 17-29 years) recalled lists of words varied in syllable-length (SL), articulatory duration (AD), phonological similarity (PS), semantic relatedness (SR) and frequency of occurrence (FO). Auditory and visual presentation, vocal and picture-pointing recall, and concurrent articulation conditions were included. Nonword recall was evaluated using stimuli varied in SL and PS was also evaluated using a repetition task. Word length effects were found for word stimuli varied in SL but were absent or reversed for stimuli varied in AD. A non-articulatory basis for rehearsal is suggested. The influence of long-term semantic and lexical knowledge in recall is inconclusive due to a lack of SR. Nonword repetition ability reflects STM capacity in adult subjects and correlates with other measures of STM span.
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Vaughan, Leslie Hartman Marilyn Dina. "Age differences in the capacity of visual short-term memory effects of stimulus type and information load /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,894.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology (Cognitive)." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Javid, Melanie Diane. "The Relationship between Social Behaviors and Working Memory in School-Age Children with Language Impairment." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1207.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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1953-, Hancock Peter A., ed. Human factors psychology. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987.
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Die kognitive Architektur menschlicher Bewegungen: Innovative Zugänge für Psychologie, Sportwissenschaft und Robotik. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2010.
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Working Memory and Aging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Morris, Robin, and Robert Logie. Working Memory and Aging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Bahrick, Harry P., Lynda K. Hall, and Melinda K. Baker. Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Bahrick, Harry P., Lynda K. Hall, and Melinda K. Baker. Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Bahrick, Harry P., Lynda K. Hall, and Melinda K. Baker. Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Bahrick, Harry P., Lynda K. Hall, and Melinda K. Baker. Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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Starr, A., H. Pratt, H. Michalewski, J. Patterson, G. Barrett, F. Swire, L. Deecke, D. Cheyne, R. Kristova, and G. Lininger. "Physiology of short-term verbal memory." In Age-associated Neurological Diseases, 7–12. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9135-4_2.
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Heghedus, Cristina, Antorweep Chakravorty, and Chunming Rong. "Deep Learning for Short-Term Energy Load Forecasting Using Influential Factors." In Engineering Assets and Public Infrastructures in the Age of Digitalization, 937–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48021-9_104.
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Skrzypek, Agnieszka, and David Singleton. "Phonological Short-Term Memory and the Operation of Cross-Linguistic Factors in Elementary and Pre-Intermediate Adult L2 Learners’ Collocational Usage." In Language Learning, Discourse and Communication, 193–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00419-8_14.
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Long, Yangyu, Wei Zhao, Jilong Yang, Jincheng Deng, and Fangming Liu. "Anomaly Detection of E-commerce Econnoisseur Based on User Behavior." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 86–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_6.
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AbstractEconnoisseur refers to users who obtain high returns from the Internet at low cost. It is of great significance for platform to identify econnoisseur to reduce unnecessary losses. At present, econnoisseur is mainly intercepted by rules. This method will fail when the new get the best deal method appears, and there is a certain lag. This paper identifies the econnoisseur from Knownsec Security Intelligence Brain’s e-commerce website visitors. First of all, it is found that the precision and recall of the Isolation Forest are better than the Local Outlier Factor and DBSCAN in econnoisseur detection. Secondly, we merged the similar URLs visited by users with Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), then use the merged data in Isolation Forest Model. It is found that the improved Isolation Forest model based on BiLSTM can further improve the detection ability. Practical case studies showed that this method has certain validity and reference for the detection of econnoisseur.
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Snaibi, Wadii, and Abdelhamid Mezrhab. "Livestock Breeders’ Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Morocco’s Arid Rangelands." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1853–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_18.
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AbstractSince the mid-1970s, the high plateaus of eastern Morocco have experienced proven trends of climate change (CC) such as a significant decrease in rainfall amounts and an increase in the droughts’ frequency. Consequently, the CC threatens the sustainability of this pastoral ecosystem and negatively affects the breeding of small ruminants, the main local-level livelihood, which becomes more vulnerable due to its high dependence on climatic conditions. This chapter aims to analyze breeders’ adaptation practices by taking into account their social stratification based on the size of the sheep flock in possession. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to examine the differences in the adoption’ frequency of CC adaptation measures according breeders’ classes and Chi-square independence test to identify the factors explaining these observed differences. The analysis of local adaptation practices reveals that they are endogenous but above all curative, aiming at a short-term logic and have a low to medium relevance compared to the specific objective of adaptation to CC. In addition, there are significant differences in the frequency of adoption of CC adaptation strategies (chi-square value = 8.1112, p = 0.017, df = 2) within categories of breeders, in particular between small and larger breeders (U statistic = 58.000, p = 0.008). The significant factors explaining these differences are socioeconomic (age, household size, equipment, training, and membership of a basic professional organization). It is therefore recommended to target small breeders as a priority and to set up support measures (equipment, training, funding, organization of breeders).
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Razumnikova, Olga, and Vladislav Kagan. "Aging Associated Specificity in Training Visual Short-Term Memory." In Cerebrovascular Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101669.
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There are numerous data in existence, the computerized cognitive training programs (CCTP) maintain or improve the plasticity of the neural networks in the brain. It is known as well that CCTP reduces the probability of cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging. In the chapter, the age-associated specificity in the temporal dynamics of changes in the visuospatial short-term memory (VSWM, also called visuospatial working memory) is presented. VSWM has been analyzed as there are evidence for age-related decline in visuospatial memory associated with hippocampus atrophy in aging. Memory retrieval decline in older women in comparison with young women while computerized training at home is shown. The elderly achieving results which are comparable to the youngs are determined by significantly increased duration while performing the memory tasks. To reveal factors of the CCTP’s efficiency, age-related differences in the attention systems using the Attention Network Test were resolved. In the group of older women, VSWM efficiency is negatively related to the errors of incongruent information selection whereas in young women—to the reaction time while testing. Thus, the success of long-term systematic training of visuospatial memory in old age is strongly related to the high level of executive control.
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Yagi, Shunya, Rand S. Eid, Wansu Qiu, Paula Duarte-Guterman, and Liisa A. M. Galea. "Estrogenic Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Throughout the Lifespan." In Estrogens and Memory, 253–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645908.003.0016.
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Neurogenesis in the hippocampus exists across a number of species, including humans. Steroid hormones, such as estrogens, modulate neurogenesis dependent on age, reproductive experience and sex. Findings are discussed in the chapter with reference to how neurogenesis in the hippocampus is related to learning and memory. Natural fluctuations in ovarian hormones or removal of ovaries modulate neurogenesis in the short term but not in the long term. Maternal experience has long-lasting effects on neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Acute estrogens increase proliferation in adult female rodents, but influence survival of new neurons dependent on a number of factors including sex, cognitive training, type of estrogen, and whether or not cells were produced under estrogens. This chapter outlines findings indicating that estrogens can be strong modulators of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may have implications for disorders involving hippocampal dysfunction that target women.
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Schmiedek, Florian, Martin Lövdén, and Ulman Lindenberger. "Training Working Memory for 100 Days." In Cognitive and Working Memory Training, 40–57. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199974467.003.0003.
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This chapter is based on a theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity and on empirical findings from the COGITO Study. The design and analyses of the study include key features for producing and detecting transfer effects at the level of cognitive abilities. Among the features are: (a) an intensity and dosage of training that is likely to induce an enduring mismatch between functional supply and demand, which is conducive to plastic changes in cognitive abilities, and (b) a multivariate and heterogeneous battery of transfer tasks and sufficiently large samples to allow for the investigation of transfer of training at the level of latent factors. Younger adults showed short-term and long-term transfer effects for reasoning and episodic memory, whereas older adults showed only short-term transfer on a working memory (WM) latent factor composed of tasks that resembled the practiced tasks, something that younger adults did as well. The chapter discusses possible interpretations of the findings in terms of increases in WM capacity, improvements in the efficiency of material-independent or material-specific processes or strategies, and improvements in motivation and self-concept.
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Yinka-Banjo, Chika, Gafar Lekan Raji, and Ifeanyi Precious Ohalete. "Auto-Detection of Human Factor Contents on Social Media Posts Using Word2vec and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)." In Handbook of Research on the Role of Human Factors in IT Project Management, 1–13. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1279-1.ch001.
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The threat posed by cyberbullying to the mental health in our society cannot be overemphasized. Victims of this menace are reported to have suffered poor academic performance, depression, and suicidal thoughts. There is need to find an efficient and effective solution to this problem within the academic environment. In this research, one of the popular deep learning models—long short-term memory (LSTM)—known for its optimized performance in training sequential data was combined with Word2Vec embedding technique to create a model trained for classifying the content of social media post as containing cyberbullying content or otherwise. The result was observed to have shown improvements in its performance with respect to accuracy in the classification task with over 80% of the test dataset correctly classified as against the existing model with about 74.9% accuracy.
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Siricharoen, Waralak V. "Factors Influencing the Animation Infographic and Augmented Reality Technique in Healthcare Promotion Communication for the Elderly in Thailand." In Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220418.
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When it comes to the digital age, computers and technological devices have grown more pervasive than in the past. As of now, technology has been considered to have a major role in every aspect of life. In this case, it is the health and cognitive senses of individuals. In terms of human perception, it is often associated with both long-term and short-term memory or active memory, which are recognized patterns by automated systems. When creating user interfaces, it is necessary to account for the cognitive strengths and limitations of humans. People can get an overview of large datasets if appropriately presented in a proper manner, which can help increase the efficacy and ability of information management. However, one of the most frequent data management issues is inadequate design and data collecting, particularly in the focus theme of elderly health and wellbeing. Infographics are a formal way to help people interpret complex health information more easily and avoid possible mistakes in data management. In the healthcare industry, the system of augmented reality (AR) has been shown to facilitate the procedures of healthcare using AR booklet and mobile applications for elderly-health-related content and healthcare management for older individuals.
Conference papers on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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Brasileiro, Maria Eduarda Galdino de Araújo, Bruna Barbosa de Almeida, Clara Campêlo Lucena Vieira, and Islany de Sousa Porto Diniz Ramalho. "Literature review of behavioral disorders after encephalic skull traumatisms." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.438.
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Background: The traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of a lesion in the skull region caused by an external force, which can cause sequelae in several clinical scenarios, with dysfunctions in the cognitive and behavioral spheres being one of the most disabling. These include: impaired memory, attention and concentration; slowing psychomotor speed and mental processing; in addition to personality changes. Objectives: To understand the relationship between short and long-term cognitive impairments caused by traumatic brain injuries. In addition to analyzing the repercussion that these sequels bring to the patient. Methods: This is a review of the literature in the PubMed, Scielo and UpToDate databases. Review articles, full texts, in the last 5 years, in humans were selected. Results: Patients affected by trauma have more prevalent cognitive impairments in the spheres of attention and concentration, processing speed, memory and executive function. The severity of neurocognitive impairments depends on a variety of factors, including: aspects in relation to brain injury such as its extent, location, severity of the trauma, as well as variables such as age and pre-morbid personality characteristics. Associated with the abovementioned alterations, biochemical alterations and accumulation of chronic neurotoxic proteins after TBI occur, which triggers biochemical processes of neurodegeneration in the long term. Conclusion: It’s clear that comprehensive neuropsychological assessments in each case of TBI are important to identify impaired and preserved functions, whether short or long term; thus allowing a better prognosis through rehabilitation programs and clinical and surgical therapeutic measures in emergency situations, usually involving fast decisions.
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Srinivasan Rammanoharan, Sneha, Jose Alguindigue, Apurva Narayan, and Siby Samuel. "SHRP2 Naturalistic Data Analysis of Older Drivers’ Gap-Acceptance Behaviour." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002478.
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Drivers aged 65 and older are very prone to motor vehicle crashes. Intersections appear to be hazardous for drivers of this age group due to the driver’s cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor challenges. Literature notes that older drivers find it incredibly challenging to safely navigate left turns at signalized intersections. Studies have identified the driver’s physical health, vision, and cognition as factors that impact the ability of older drivers to sufficiently monitor the gaps in oncoming traffic to make a left turn safely. The current paper aims to address the gap in the literature by explicitly examining older drivers’ gap acceptance behaviors during left turns at protected intersections. We utilize the Naturalistic Driving Study Data collected via the Strategic Highway Research Plan (SHRP2) to understand older driver behavior better. SHRP2 makes available a geo-spatially linked, comprehensive database over a multi-year period from over 3400 participants across six sites. SHRP2 databases contain a relatively more significant proportion of younger and older drivers than the national driver population databases. This dataset includes a trip summary, vehicle data, driver questionnaire, and test battery data specifying driving history, physical and psychological conditions, demographics and exit interview data, time-series data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections, and forward video data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections. Data is analyzed for participants over the age of 65 and participants between the ages of 30-50. Several hundred baseline, near-crash, and crash events are obtained for comparison. The video data is annotated using the DREAM methodology. The Roadway Information Database (RID) also considers additional variables such as crash histories and traffic and weather conditions. The samples of the forward video data provide the start time and end time of each gap accepted or rejected by the turning driver, especially when turning left, during unprotected phases, and help understand the participant’s interactions with other vehicles just before and after the intersections. As the data has been collected over multiple years across multiple sites, the dataset is considered a multivariate time series model. As there is more than a one-time dependent variable, the data was analyzed using Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous factors (SARIMAX) models. These models are expected to achieve an accuracy of around 80 percent at four-way intersections and approximately 60 percent in T-intersections. We anticipate that the older drivers will exhibit longer gap acceptance times and a greater frequency of gap rejections than their younger counterparts while turning left across traffic at signalized intersections. The findings of the current study will have implications for older driver safety. Researchers may use the findings to understand gap acceptance behaviors further, while policymakers may utilize the results to design mobility guidelines.
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Boz, Selma. "TRANSFER EFFECT OF N-BACK TRAINING: MATHEMATICAL IMPLICATIONS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end121.
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Working memory (WM) is the system which is used for short-term storage and where information about cognitive tasks is manipulated. One of the most important characteristics of WM is its limited capacity, which restricts cognitive performance. Despite of this limit in WM capacity, the efficiency of WM can be improved with WM training and this training effect can be transferred to performance on complex tasks, such as mathematical operations. Such training tasks are complex and necessarily include core processes and these measures, therefore, contribute to difficulty to design tasks and interpret the outcomes for specific changes gained from the training. For example, n-back tasks which are used in a wide range of research are based on core training. Since core trainings address the executive functions of WM and enhance the domain-general aspects, increasing performance on domain-general factors may promote both near and far transfer effects of training. In the current study, WM training will be constructed on the basis of the interference framework that characterizes individual differences in WM performance. The aim of this study is to explore individual differences in training and the way transfer effects occur, evaluating gains from Mathematics proficiency. An adaptive version of n-back tasks will be implemented for the proposed study, within WM load and interference lures. The study will be carried out with 40 school-age children between the ages of 9 and 12, and Solomon four group design method will be used to group them. d’ (D-Prime) theory will be conducted in order to obtain detailed comparison between groups as well as interpretation of individual differences in processing of information.
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Nitisara, Galih Rahagi, Suyanto Suyanto, and Kurniawan Nur Ramadhani. "Speech Age-Gender Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact50329.2020.9331995.
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Ramirez, Jason, Christine Lee, Elliot Wallace, and Kristen Lindgren. "Development and Initial Validation of Marijuana Identity Implicit Associations Tests among Late Adolescents in Washington State." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.13.
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The current climate surrounding adolescent marijuana use in the U.S. is facing unprecedented circumstances. Rates of daily use are at or near all-time highs and perceptions of risk are at an all-time low in the history of the Monitoring the Future study among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. These rates are occurring despite research demonstrating worse long-term health outcomes associated with earlier age of marijuana use onset and increasing THC levels among marijuana products. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify risk factors that may represent screening markers of risk or targets for prevention and intervention among adolescents. One important risk factor for alcohol and tobacco is the extent to which one identifies with each substance. This aspect of identity can be measured with adaptations of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a reaction time measure that aims to assess associations held in memory between constructs (e.g., marijuana and one’s self-concept). The aim of the current study was to develop and test two Marijuana Identity IATs among late adolescents in Washington State, one using images and another using words to represent marijuana and its control category. The current study included 169 adolescents between the ages of 15-18 (Mean age = 16.9, SD age = 0.9, 50% female, 66% high school student) with recruitment stratified by marijuana use (to include participants that range from non-users to heavy users) and gender. Data described here come from the online baseline assessment that included the Marijuana Identity IATs and self-report measures of marijuana use, consequences, and explicit (i.e., self-reported) marijuana identification. Results from the IATs reveal two normal distributions of IAT scores that were both positive on average indicating faster reaction times when marijuana was categorized with the self (and a neutral category categorized with other people). Split-half reliabilities of the IATs revealed internal consistencies in the range of previous substance-related IATs (word-based IAT, r = 0.52; imaged-based IAT, r = 0.40). In negative binomial regression models that controlled for age and sex, both IATs were significantly associated with use and consequences such that faster reaction times categorizing marijuana with the self were associated with more marijuana use and consequences (ps< .01). When controlling for self-reported identification marijuana, only the image-based IAT was significantly associated with marijuana use and consequences (ps< .05). The findings demonstrate relationships between IAT performance and marijuana use outcomes that compare favorably to past marijuana-related IATs lending support to implicit associations between the marijuana and the self as an important marker of marijuana use behaviors. Despite this promise, the relative inferiority of the internal consistency of these IATs to self-report measures may limit their utility as tools for screening. Future experimental and longitudinal research is warranted however, to examine identification with marijuana as a causal candidate for marijuana misuse to examine its potential as a prevention and intervention target.
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Filippova, Elena, and Natalia Murgaeva. "ABOUT CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR SUBJECTS OF DIFFERENT AGE AND SEX." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2370.sudak.ns2021-17/390.
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Wei, Datong, Chaofan Yang, Xiaolong (Luke) Zhang, and Xiaoru Yuan. "Predicting Mouse Click Position Using Long Short-Term Memory Model Trained by Joint Loss Function." In CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451651.
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Nizar Yoga Pratama, Muhammad, and Ernastuti. "Multilayer Perceptron and Long Short-Term Memory for Predicting Indonesian Composite Stock Price Index Using Macroeconomic Factors." In 2019 Fourth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic47613.2019.8985785.
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Lai, Xingjian, Huanyi Shui, and Jun Ni. "A Two-Layer Long Short-Term Memory Network for Bottleneck Prediction in Multi-Job Manufacturing Systems." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6678.
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Throughput bottlenecks define and constrain the productivity of a production line. Prediction of future bottlenecks provides a great support for decision-making on the factory floor, which can help to foresee and formulate appropriate actions before production to improve the system throughput in a cost-effective manner. Bottleneck prediction remains a challenging task in literature. The difficulty lies in the complex dynamics of manufacturing systems. There are multiple factors collaboratively affecting bottleneck conditions, such as machine performance, machine degradation, line structure, operator skill level, and product release schedules. These factors impact on one another in a nonlinear manner and exhibit long-term temporal dependencies. State-of-the-art research utilizes various assumptions to simplify the modeling by reducing the input dimensionality. As a result, those models cannot accurately reflect complex dynamics of the bottleneck in a manufacturing system. To tackle this problem, this paper will propose a systematic framework to design a two-layer Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network tailored to the dynamic bottleneck prediction problem in multi-job manufacturing systems. This neural network based approach takes advantage of historical high dimensional factory floor data to predict system bottlenecks dynamically considering the future production planning inputs. The model is demonstrated with data from an automotive underbody assembly line. The result shows that the proposed method can achieve higher prediction accuracy compared with current state-of-the-art approaches.
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Witecy, Bernadette, Tatjana Tolkmit, and Martina Penke. "Sentence repetition in German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0055/000470.
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The present study investigated the morphosyntactic abilities of German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome (DS) employing a sentence repetition task. In addition, a nonword repetition task was used to assess verbal short-term memory. The performance of 16 children/adolescents with DS was compared to that of 10 typically developing (TD) children. Group comparisons as well as the inspection of standard scores that were determined based on nonverbal mental age indicated a significant morphosyntactic impairment in most individuals with DS that could neither be solely attributed to the general cognitive delay nor to the observed deficit in verbal verbal short-term memory. Further qualitative results are presented.
Reports on the topic "Short-term memory Age Factors"
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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Andrea Diulio-Nakamura, Kim Mauer, Rongwei Fu, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.
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Leach, Roland M., Carol V. Gay, Mark Pines, and Shmuel Hurwitz. Developing Nutritional-Management Protocols which Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573994.bard.
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The objectives of this proposal were (1) to develop early age short-term restrict feeding protocols which eliminate the incidence of TD without compromising market weight performance and (2) monitor the components of the PTH/PTHrP cascade in conjunction with the development of the protocols in Objective 1. In this investigation it was established that changes in gene expression associated with TD occur as early as 13 days of age. This means that management strategies for the control of this disease must be established during the initial two weeks of rearing. In order to determine a focus for these management strategies, attempts were made to identify the metabolic defect responsible for tibial dyschondroplasia. Therefore, the parathyroid hormone/parathyrod related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) cascade of events was investigated. This emphasis was based on the fact that many nutritional factors that influence TD could be operating through this system. Secondly, the receptor for these peptides acts as the gatekeeper of chondrocyte differentiation. Examination of many aspects of this cascade led to the conclusion that TD is not the direct result of perturbation of this PTH/PTHrP receptor but is likely to develop from an interruption of a pathway downstream from this receptor.
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Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang, and Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.
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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.