Journal articles on the topic 'Short stories, Canadian – 21st century'
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Gohar Aageen and Dr. Shazia Razzaq. "Abnormal Characters In Urdu Short Stories Of 21st Century." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 3, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v3i3.51.
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Abnormality and disability have become particularly prominent issues today. Now it is not a flaw or defect, but it is a matter of global attention. Efforts are being made to solve the issues related to the lives of such people at the global level and bring them to the fore. In Urdu fiction, such characters have also been presented. The fiction writer of the 21st century describes the problems associated with the lives of these people in diverse ways and closes their impact on society, so that the Practical and ideological changes in society can be covered .This article is based on all those stories which are about the lives of abnormal and disable people and it also have the comparative study of male and female characters to Annelise who are suffering more in society
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Kravchenko, Y. "GENRE-STYLE PARADIGM OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN MYSTICAL STORY OF THE 21ST CENTURY." Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, no. 1(99) (April 12, 2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.1(99).2023.27-38.
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The article presents an overview of the peculiarities of the modern Ukrainian mystical story as a literary genre. It also analyzes the problem of a clear definition of the term "mystical story", since there is no differentiation of this genre in modern literature, which would allow us to talk about its differences from other types of stories. The specifics of the interpretation of the mysticism in philosophical, religious and literary contexts are studied on the basis of the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The genre attribution of the mystical story is outlined in comparison with the above mentioned genre categories (magical realism and whimsical prose). The article emphasizes the fact that the varieties of the short story as a genre of short prose have practically not been studied in the field of literature: for the most part, short stories have been considered only in comparison with other prose genres, while there are almost no attempts to classify the varieties of short stories. The paradigm of traditional images, characteristic of the Ukrainian mystical tradition and folklore (Blud, chort, domovyk) is considered. Stories from the collection "Ukrainian mysticism" are compared in order to analyze the categories of "mystical" and supernatural images embedded in them, attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the interpretation of elements characteristic of Ukrainian oral folk art. Subtypes of other genres present in mystical stories, such as detective and horror, are also distinguished, and the leading motives of such stories are determined (the motive of transformation, the motive of entering the other world, the religious motive, the motive of contrasting the ordinary and the other worlds). In addition, the paper presents the author's classification of mystical stories by genre and thematic characteristics.
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Hall, Leila, Ronit Frenkel, and Andy Carolin. "Intersectional (In)visibility in the 21st-Century South African Queer-Themed Short Story." Research in African Literatures 54, no. 3 (September 2024): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.00014.
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ABSTRACT: Through a comparative reading of four queer-themed South African short stories published in the 2010s, this article argues that recent South African short fiction brings new subtleties and nuances to the straightforward and often-unproblematized valorization of queer "visibility." The article contends that the stories foreground the intersectionality of queer visibility in post-apartheid South Africa—pointing to some of the ways in which the contemporary South African moment continues to be defined by hetero-patriarchal norms, class disparities, and racialized divisions. The article further examines how the stories create textured queer visibilities that humanize queer subjectivities and subvert dominant racialized and gendered discourses in the post-apartheid present.
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A, Anitha. "Feminist Virtues in Jayakanthan Short Stories." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (November 28, 2022): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1410.
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Introduction the various stages of development Took place in the 20th century extended to the field of literature. Literary scholars have been instrumental in over coming notion of superiority, inferiority and gender in equality conventional ideas were rejected and new ideas began go emerge. Among them ideas about feminism have gained much popularity and development in the 21st century. Jayakanthan is also notable for his desire for women's emancipation from the perspective of society, politics, economy and religion free from such conditions. He as created works with the aim of librating women from the bondage imposed by the society conclusion feminism can be seen us a way for women to break free from slavery, in marriage, both the man and woman are disappointment if they have expectations and it is clear that life will be better if they give up on each other and live without expectations. In the story, he points out that the solution is to potray the child marriage as nonexistent the world can see that it is wrong to say that the practice of chastity as a tradition that can be traced back to the speciality of Tamils, chastity is only for women and that chastity requires restraint. It is certain that his thoughts and repercussions, no matter how many times pass are events of another period.
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Kustec, Aleksander. "Unravelling the mystery of reality : typical Canadian elements in the short stories of Alice Munro." Acta Neophilologica 31 (December 1, 1998): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.31.0.105-114.
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The contemporary Canadian short story has a specific place among literary genres in Canadian literature. It culminated in the sixties of this century, when the Canadians looked to their literature with greater interest. Canadian short story writers started to write in a different tone, and showed special interest for new themes. After 1960 authors, such as Henry Kreisel, Norman Levine, Anne Hebert, Mavis Gallant, Ethel Wilson, Joyce Marshall, Hugh Hood, Hugh Garner, Margaret Laurence, Audrey Callahan Thomas, Mordecai Richler, and Alice Munro, refused to use the traditional plot, and showed more interest for characterisation. By using a typical Canadian setting, their stories began to reflect social events of their time. A new awareness of identity stepped forward, and above all their stories became a reflection of the diversity of life in all Canadian provinces. The contemporary Canadian short story writers began to overstep the boundaries of their imagination.
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Kustec, Aleksander. "Unravelling the mystery of reality : typical Canadian elements in the short stories of Alice Munro." Acta Neophilologica 31 (December 1, 1998): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.31.1.105-114.
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The contemporary Canadian short story has a specific place among literary genres in Canadian literature. It culminated in the sixties of this century, when the Canadians looked to their literature with greater interest. Canadian short story writers started to write in a different tone, and showed special interest for new themes. After 1960 authors, such as Henry Kreisel, Norman Levine, Anne Hebert, Mavis Gallant, Ethel Wilson, Joyce Marshall, Hugh Hood, Hugh Garner, Margaret Laurence, Audrey Callahan Thomas, Mordecai Richler, and Alice Munro, refused to use the traditional plot, and showed more interest for characterisation. By using a typical Canadian setting, their stories began to reflect social events of their time. A new awareness of identity stepped forward, and above all their stories became a reflection of the diversity of life in all Canadian provinces. The contemporary Canadian short story writers began to overstep the boundaries of their imagination.
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Hillary Owino, Omondi, Colomba Kaburi Muriung, and Mukasa Antony. "EPOCHAL RELEVANCE OF SELECTED POST MILLENNIAL SHORT STORIES IN EAST AFRICA." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 02, no. 04 (2023): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2023.0033.
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Literary writers in Africa have used different genres of art to reflect and critique actions in the society at different points of history. Apart from entertaining and preserving culture, works of art have a role in creating awareness among the audience and proposing action in the society. The pre-colonial, colonial and pre-millennium texts have received significant literary attention with reference to their concerns. Most studies in Africa for example tend to focus on canonical writers and their contributions to the political and economic developments in the society. However, many post millennial short stories have received minimal critical attention. This paper, therefore, examines the socio-cultural and economic resurgence in selected post millennium short stories in East Africa in order to find out the kind of society that upcoming writers are yearning for, thus revealing the major concerns of short stories written in the 21st century. Post-colonial theory guides the analysis done in this paper and helps in demonstrating how the Millennium Development Goals influenced the thematic concerns in the five (5) short stories under discussion, which are all written by emerging post-millennial writers. The paper argues that 21st Century writers are sensitive to issues affecting their society and they, in the process of writing, attempt to propose ways of societal transformation through literature. The paper gives variety and contributes to the existing reservoir of literary analysis in East Africa.
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Sarguzina, Irina A. "Unabridged Short Stories by 21st-Century Spanish-Speaking Authors in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language." Integration of Education 25, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 700–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.105.025.202104.700-714.
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Introduction. The need to include authentic works of fiction in the foreign language teaching process is obvious, but the selection of texts of the appropriate level at the elementary and intermediate stages of Spanish teaching remains a challenge. Since this phenomenon has not been sufficiently explored, the aim of this article is to present a list of unabridged short stories that correspond to the intermediate level (B1 PCIC) and the results of the study on the benefits of using these stories as a means of stimulating communication skills in the Spanish class. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, a Likert scale questionnaire, oral interviews, and a check of the final work were carried out. The study involved 54 students from three Russian universities and one school where Spanish and English are studied in depth. The collected data were processed by methods of mathematical statistics in Microsoft Office Excel. For the study, 36 short stories by contemporary Hispanic authors were selected and pre and post-reading questions were developed to introduce the topic and stimulate oral speech. Results. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the selected stories correspond to the B1 level of the Cervantes Instituteʼs curriculum, and the topics presented in the stories stimulate communication in the class, pushing the fear of making a mistake into the background. Many Spanish teachers introduce unabridged fiction starting at B2 level. This experiment demonstrates the successful use of short stories at an intermediate level of language proficiency. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the development and improvement of the methodology of teaching Spanish with the use of authentic fiction texts. The materials of the article will be useful for practicing teachers and methodologists of the Spanish language.
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Cahyaningtyas, Andarini Permata, Pundani Eki Pratiwi, Aldina Eka Andriani, and Indra Simanungkalit. "Training in writing creative literary works to improve 21st century skills for elementary school teachers." Community Empowerment 8, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 2040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.10243.
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This community service activity is prompted by teachers' demand for competence in writing literary works, particularly poetry and short stories. Therefore, the objective of this community service is to enhance the writing abilities of teachers at SDN Genuksari 01 in Semarang City, focusing on poetry and short story composition. The activity is divided into two stages: preparation and implementation. These stages include delivering materials, engaging in question and answer sessions, providing assistance in literary work composition, and conducting outreach on self-publication. The positive reception of this activity is evident due to the numerous benefits it brings to participants. These include an increase in knowledge and competence in composing poetry and short stories based on their observations and experiences. Participants also learn to create poetry using simple words. The aspiration is that this knowledge won't be confined to teachers alone but will also be passed on to students, fostering a greater appreciation for engaging in literary work.
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Anténe, Petr. "“The most famous Jew outside the Old Testament”: Recontextualizing Shakespeare in Clive Sinclair’s Shylock Must Die." Iudaica Russica, no. 1(8) (June 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ir.2022.08.09.
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The posthumously published short story collection Shylock Must Die (2018) by the British Jewish writer Clive Sinclair works with Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice in a variety of creative ways. The short stories borrow from The Merchant of Venice especially the theme of antisemitism and Shylock as the main Jewish character but are usually set in the 20th or 21st century rather than in the Renaissance. Some stories react to notable productions of the play across the globe, e.g. in Stockholm in 1944, London in 2012 or in Venice in 2016, the year of the quincentennial commemorations of the foundation of the Venetian ghetto. The stories also include tragicomic elements as typical features of Jewish literature.
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KIROVA, Milena. "NEW WAYS OF SOCIAL WRITING. BULGARIAN SHORT STORIES OF THE 2010’s." Ezikov Svyat volume 22 issue 2, ezs.swu.v22i2 (May 30, 2024): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v22i2.14.
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When the second decade of the 21st century began, there was an upheaval in the writing of short stories in Bulgarian literature, comparable to the upheaval of the novel in the beginning of the same century. Many different approaches existed simultaneously, among which the traditionally realistic, the postmodern, and the fantastic approach could be observed. The focus of the article is on short stories dealing with some ongoing problems of Bulgarian society, thus considering approaches relevant to them. Especially popular in the first years of the second decade was the urban theme, most often associated with Sofia, and presented in stories of the type called "express literature". The article compares these stories with social novels published in the first decade and points out the differences as well as the similarities they bear, especially in the combination of literary with non-literary discourses. In the middle of the decade, short story writing declined, or at least it seemed so according to the literary criticism of that time. However, the article demonstrates exactly the opposite. The desire to write about social problems existing in real life increased, only with new poetic means, which are summarized and defined here using numerous literary examples.
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Halamová, Martina. "Zobrazování nákazy v českých uměleckých textech s tematikou války v prvních dekádách dvacátého a jednadvacátého století." Slavica Wratislaviensia 177 (December 30, 2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.177.18.
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The paper is focused on the comparison of discourses formed in the literary texts which depict motifs of war at the beginning of 20th and 21st centuries. Images associated both with First and Second World War emphasize the shock of the changing world and lend literary credence to the texts. However, this goal is achieved by different means in the early 20th and the early 21st centuries. In expressionist novels and short stories metaphors of infection are used to describe the decline and the fall of the world of the early 20th century. Compared to that, the literary texts created in the early 21st century do not use metaphors because the experience of the Holocaust presented in the texts is viewed as a non-assimilable event and therefore it should not be translated into metaphors. In addition to the suffering of the Holocaust, the image of the infection in the literary texts of the beginning of the 21st century is only an accompanying description of the events of the Second World War.
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Ostria Reinoso, Olga. "Altered Spaces: Urban Experiences and Starks Aesthetics in 21st Century Chilean Science Fiction Short Stories." Mitologías hoy 22 (December 27, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/mitologias.709.
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Navarro Romero, Betsabé, and Toby Litt. "Coming Terms with 21st Century Bristish Politics : An interview with Toby Litt." Journal of English Studies 9 (May 29, 2011): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.177.
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English novelist and short story writer, Toby Litt is the author of the novels Beatniks: An English Road Movie (1997), Corpsing (2000), Deadkidsongs (2001), Finding Myself (2003), Ghost Story (2004), Hospital (2007), I Play the Drums in a Band Called Okay (2008), Journey into Space (2009), and King Death (2010). He is also known for his collections of short stories Adventures in Capitalism (1996) and Exhibitionism (2002). Toby Litt was nominated by Granta magazine as one of the 20 “Best of Young British Novelists” in 2003. He is an authorised voice among young writers deconstructing contemporary consumer society. In this interview, held at the University of Almería during the 34th AEDEAN Conference (11-13 November 2010), he provides an assessment of modern politics, shares his ideas concerning the recent political affairs in the UK, such as the ideological modernisation during the previous New Labour years or the latest social changes in Britain, and he finally examines the position of writers and intellectuals as regards to power and their political commitment.
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Nazeen, Zahra, Qurratulain Najeeb Jamal, and Shamshad Rasool. "Voicing Discursive Binaries: A Postcolonial Study of Gordimer’s Short Stories." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.933575446.
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Massive decolonization occurred in the 21st century. The natives and the diaspora attempted to portray the other side of the image structured by the colonial hegemonic discourse. Gordimer has written against apartheid and raised her voice to articulate the realistic picture of the marginalization faced by the suppressed South Africans in the form of racial and social inequality. She incorporates discourse to challenge the existing colonial discourse and the explicit binaries. This study attempts to investigate the challenges she has put against the existing discursive binaries in her short stories. The concepts of colonial discourse and counter-discourse given by Edward Said and Helen Tiffin serve as a framework to analyze the data collected from the selected text. The findings reveal that Gordimer has employed different techniques of narration and characterization to redress the negative image of the oppressed others in the colonial discourse through binaries. She employs various textual strategies to expose the stereotypical binaries through counter-discursive practices to dismantle the colonial assumptions from the perspective of the natives.
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Olaniyan, Solomon Olusayo. "Crime Waves and Human Rights Violations in Lagos Cityscape in Selected Nigerian Short Stories." Ahyu: A Journal of Language and Literature 5 (June 15, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56666/ahyu.v5i.113.
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this study investigates the normality of crimes and human rights violations in the selected short stories of Jude Dibia, Chika Unigwe and Nnedi Okorafor as representatives of 21st century Nigerian short stories that thematise criminality and desecration of human rights. Specifically, the paper explores various crimes such as armed robbery, hooliganism, bribery, extortion, murder, security agents’ connivance with criminal elements and the resultant human rights violations. Deploying postcolonial urban theory as its launching pad to interrogate the postcolonial realities within Lagos spatiality and crime wave, the paper shows that the police play major role in the escalation of crimes and perpetuation of human rights abuses through collusion with armed robbers and engaging in bribery and corruption, conspiracy theory, brutality, concealment of crimes and criminals and extrajudicial killings. Considering its cosmopolitan nature, Lagos is metaphorised as the microcosm of the nation; thus, realities within Lagos cityscape expose happenings in the nation at large. The socio-economic anomic situations depicted in the stories justify their post-independence disillusionment and jeremiad.
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Turcu, Luminița-Elena. "“A Person Not In The Story”: Clérambault’s And M. R. James’s Textile/Textual Folds." Messages, Sages and Ages 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msas-2015-0012.
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Abstract Though unrelated when it comes to their scientific occupations, Clérambault and M. R. James give to the 21st-century observer the impression that they were strikingly similar in their compulsive preoccupation with draped bodies or with what Gilles Deleuze names “the Fold”. The article investigates the manner in which the French psychiatrist exploited his passion in the innumerable photographs he took in Morocco and in which the English philologist exorcised his fear in fiction, especially in one of his best-known short stories, “Oh, Whistle and I’ll Come to You, My Lad”.
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Więckowska, Katarzyna. "Appositions: The Future in Solarpunk and Post-Apocalyptic Fiction." Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.12.21.
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The essay discusses images of the future in solarpunk and post-apocalyptic fiction, focusing on their distinct approach to the narratives of progress, science, and individualism. The dystopian perspective of post-apocalyptic fiction is juxtaposed with the hopeful stance of solarpunk stories in order to outline the attempts to move beyond environmental pessimism and to imagine a liveable future. A reading of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006), Erik M. Conway and Naomi Oreskes’s The Collapse of Western Civilization (2014), and Omar El Akkad’s American War (2017) provides an overview of early 21st-century dystopian motifs and visions, while the ideas and development of solarpunk fiction are discussed on the basis of three anthologies of short stories: Sunvault: Stories of Solarpunk and Ecospeculation (2017), Glass and Gardens: Solarpunk Summers (2018), and Multispecies Cities: Solarpunk Urban Futures (2021). The aim of the essay is to argue that apocalyptic and solarpunk fiction stand in a relationship of apposition to one another, representing dominant and emergent structures of feeling.
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Kalita, Liliana. "Mieszkańcy rosyjskiej wsi wobec wyzwań postsowieckiej rzeczywistości w twórczości Iriny Mamajewej." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 44, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2019.44.1.18.
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The paper analyses Irina Mamayeva’s short stories and tales that show the life in Russian rural areas during a dozen or so years following perestroika, and point out its influence on both individual life and that of a village community as a group. The picture of the rural areas in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century is pessimistic, filled with images of dilapidating houses, companies being shut down, lack of transport connections. This material destruction is accompanied by the spiritual degradation of the inhabitants: poverty, unemployment, mutual aggression and the feeling of being abandoned by the previous system.
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Kennedy, Victor. "An Exploration of Canadian Identity in Recent Literary Narratives of the Franklin Expeditions." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 3, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2006): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.3.1-2.193-200.
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Sir John Franklin’s three expeditions to the high Arctic in 1819, 1825, and 1845 have become the stuff of Canadian legend, enshrined in history books, songs, short stories, novels, and web sites. Franklin set out in 1845 to discover the Northwest Passage with the most advanced technology the British Empire could muster, and disappeared forever. Many rescue explorations found only scant evidence of the Expedition, and the mystery was finally solved only recently. This paper will explore four recent fictional works on Franklin’s expeditions, Stan Rogers’ song “Northwest Passage”, Margaret Atwood’s short story “The Age of Lead”, Rudy Wiebe’s A Discovery of Strangers, and John Wilson’s North with Franklin: the Lost Journals of James Fitzjames, to see how Franklin’s ghost has haunted the hopes and values of nineteenth-century, as well as modern, Canada.
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Alhat, Swapnil Satish, and Rajani Patil. "Futility of Artificial Intelligence in Creative Writing." Shanlax International Journal of English 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v12i1.6721.
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In the age of 21st century where technology has become an integral part of human life. We are constantly in touch with technology and most of our work is done by the machine, be it booking a railway ticket using internet or depositing or withdrawing money from our bank account. In fact, our life has become very easier due to the emerging technology rather we rarely get bored in times of short reels. But will the same technology help us writing better novels, short stories or poems because creative writing is totally different that booking a railway ticket online or ordering your food online. How will the Artificial Intelligence impact the creative writing that will be the focus of the researcher in this paper.
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Farhana, M. N. F., M. N. P. Rifasha, P. M. A. Aleeshan, and Mohamed Haniffa Mohamed Nairoos. "Contribution of Muslim Women in Writing Field: A Survey Based on the Noorul Ain Najmul Husain Works." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science VIII, no. IV (April 23, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2023.8402.
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In the 21st century, the media is an instrument of vigilance. Historically, women’s contribution to the media has been marginal. In the 21st century, women’s contributions in the media industry began to increase after various struggles. As a result women are participating in various media activities. And although women have contributed massively to the success of modern media, men’s contribution to the media industry is greater than that of women. Moreover, many studies show that the contribution of women has not reached a significant level compared to the contribution of men. Nevertheless, the contributions of women can be particularly observed in the media industry in Sri Lanka. In this background, Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain is seen as one of the Muslim women writers in Sri Lanka not only in the field of poetry, but can also her contribution be seen in various fields like novels, short stories, magazines and newspapers. In this way, this research is a review with the main objective to identify the writing personalities of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain. And, the study is qualitative and secondary data were used to achieve the task. Particularly the data has been reviewed through books, magazines, journals, internet articles, videos and presented through the narrative method. The study reveals that the personality is a famous writer in various fields such as newspapers, articles, magazines, poetry and short stories. Therefore, we hope that our study will identify the literary contribution of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul (Husain) and by reading such literary contribution, Muslim women in Sri Lanka will inspire future generations to follow the knowledge of the literary field.
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Cuiping, Hao, and Cao Xuefei. "A Corpus-Based Study on the Chinese Translation of Run Away from the Perspective of Androgyny." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 5, no. 3 (August 8, 2023): p214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v5n3p214.
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Run Away, the collection of eight short stories written by Nobel laureate Alice Munro examines the lives of Canadian women throughout the last century. As a female writer’s novels, it inevitably flashes valuable female consciousness. From the perspective of androgyny, this thesis will explore the gender awareness in Li Wenjun’s Chinese version on the lexical level by investigating corpus data and analyzing specific cases. This study holds that male translators with androgynous perspectives could cross the gender border and translate from other gender’s perspective to make feminine elements visible.
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Saad, Sharina, Rafidah Amat, Nor Asni Syahriza Abu Hassan, Nur Syazwanie Mansor, and Syazliyati Ibrahim. "Preserving Indigenous Semai Folktales as A Process of Educating 21st Century Learners Through Gamification." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): e001751. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i9.1751.
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Gamifying Semai folktales is a project which aims to preserve the Semai cultural heritage and values in the 21st century and the gamification idea is also in line with policy makers, the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, via its Minister, mentioned the importance of integrating gamification in Teaching &Learning of all levels of education. The project explores the idea of gamification in encouraging ESL students to read short stories from various genres and culture and it is also set to disclose the ramifications of language gamifications in ESL teaching and learning particularly in the choice of Orang Asli Semai folktales in the selection. To ensure the language learners’ understanding of the Semai folktales, the animated movie comes with online quizzes to help the language learners to comprehend the content of the story and are able analyse the short story elements. Applying gamification in teaching and learning will give a new dimension not only to the students but also to prepare more dynamic language educators in embracing the rapid change in teaching and technology. Since gamification has exciting elements which can be motivating to the students, the videos and online quiz questions created have great commercialization potential. The videos uploaded on YouTube will be able to garner followers and the online questions uploaded on Quizzes can be accessed by any ESL learners. The findings revealed that most students preferred language activities with gamification which are more relevant to the 21st century learners.
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S. Victoria Alan. "Digital Storytelling and Multimedia Tools for Teaching Language and Literature." Shanlax International Journal of English 12, S1-Dec (December 14, 2023): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/rtdh.v12is1-dec.49.
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This study explains how digital stories are used in teaching language and literature. This paper shows how the art of storytelling can be effectively used with growing digital technology. There is a tremendous shift from print to digital media in the 21st century. The traditional oral storytelling method has changed to visual digital media stories with video, audio, and 3D objects, this helps the readers to interact with stories currently. Digital storytelling is the result of combining different media elements into a coherent story. The digital story presentation is short but it is attractive. They stimulate the senses and imagination and are suitable for different learning styles. Nowadays our student curriculum is different, they have distance education, online education, and direct education. Because of this, we have to blend our classroom education with computers and new technologies. Teachers and professors use computers, scanners, printers, cameras, and the Internet in classrooms. Teachers use effective technology to increase student learning and understanding. In the olden days, people tell stories to children at bedtime, nowadays computers are creating multiple stories, and humans need not want to break their heads to tell stories. Everything is digital now, so it is much easier to create stories for our written literature and second language teaching. The students are very interested in seeing visual stories for their lessons.
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Žujo-Marić, Lejla. "Herzegovina`s Literary Portrait in Alija Nametak`s and Almin Kaplan`s Prose Work." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 7, no. 2(19) (May 20, 2022): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.2.63.
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Alija Nametak and Almin Kaplan are two writers of Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature. Their prose work is defined by two separate historical periods. Alija Nametak`s prose originated in the 1930s, retaining a realistic poetic framework of storytelling and thematically entering into historical strife, folklore, and social relations amalgamated into the patriarchal way of life of Bosniak rural communities in Herzegovina. On the other hand, Almin Kaplan creates in the cultural climate of the first decades of the 21st century, combining poetic and prose expression in his literary work. Kaplan's literary world built on post-war actuality realistically depicts Bosnian society and convincingly portrays a man sandwiched between the magma of dreams and harsh reality, at the crossroads of personal and collective values, in a time of economic transition, unemployment, broken ethical values, and new globalist movements, but still burdened by the war trauma of the 1990s. Although they are separated by almost the whole century, Alija Nametak and Almin Kaplan can be connected by certain similarities that will be the backbone of this research: woven into the Herzegovinian ambiance with all its geographical, historical, social, and cultural conditions, both draw their literary motifs from the socio-cultural landscape of Herzegovina, which is a stage for small human stories and universal truths. The research corpus of this paper will be based on the novel Meho (2019) and the collection of short stories Dubravske priče (2020) by Almin Kaplan and several short stories from the collection Trava zaboravka (1966/1998) by Alija Nametak.
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Kurtok, Antonina. "The specific characteristics of the "new Bosnian narrative" as exemplified by Karim Zaimović's short stories book Tajna džema od malina." Humanities and Cultural Studies 2/2021, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5568.
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The article is an attempt to describe the specifics of the „new Bosnian narrative” as exemplified by Karim Zaimovic’s short stories collected in the book Tajna džema od malina. The text synthetically presents the new generation of prose writers clearly referring to the heritage of the so-called „narrative Bosnia” (J. Kršić). The generation of writers contemporary to Zaimovic, which dominated the literary scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last decade of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, was united by a creative motivation generated by common experiences, which was a reaction to the tragedy of the homeland war. The article briefly characterizes the „new narrative Bosnia”, highlighting the great tradition of narrative (pripovijetka) in local literature. Narrative/Short story is considered to be the most important and valued genre, which in its meaning goes far beyond purely literary boundaries – it has played and still plays an important role in the cultural, social, political and ideological context. In the text, it is shown that Zaimović’s stories, compared with (anti)war writing, are distinguished by: the way of constructing scenes that make up the story adapted from comic art, the presence of fantastic elements known from the work of „Borges writers”, as well as a characteristic, humorous style –where the author deals with the absurdity of war by the use of grotesque and satire, and describes the Sarajevo apocalypse using numerous metaphors and allegories. Even though, Zaimović’s texts cannot be treated as a model or the most representative example of “the new Bosnian narrative“, their unconventional way of presentation of the main theme as well as structural and compositional innovation have earned them an iconic status. The circumstances of the stories, and above all the fate of the young writer, made him a tragic symbol of the drama of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Rezoničnik, Lidija, Joanna Borowy, and Monika Gawlak. "Słoweńskie tłumaczenia literatury polskiej w latach 2019 i 2020." Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 12 (December 27, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2022.12.01.17.
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The article provides an overview of Slovenian translations of Polish literature in the 2019’s and 2020’s and reviewers’ responses to these works. A total of 23 translations of books were published in 2019, including five literary works (three collections of poetry and two novels). Among the 13 published translations of the following year there were eight literary works (one drama, a collection of short stories, three novels and three collections of poetry). The publishing of e-books also increased significantly in 2020. The published translations give Slovenian readers access to familiar, mostly world-renowned authors such as O. Tokarczuk, Z. Herbert, W. Szymborska, C. Miłosz, I. Karpowicz, while works by I. Ostachowicz, B. Nowicka, A. Kulisiewicz, J. Małecki, R. Franczak, and K. Dąbrowska were translated into Slovenian for the first time. With the exception of J. Kochanowski’s drama, all of the literary works translated were from the second half of the 20th century or the 21st century.
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Vasilevskaya, Elena. "METAPHORS OF LOVE IN THE BELARUSIAN DISCOURSE OF THE 21ST CENTURY." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232602.
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The purpose of the work is to identify the functional and stylistic role and semantics of metaphors of love used in the modern Belarusian language. The source of the material was the texts of the belles-lettres and journalistic style written in the 21st century, in which the issues of the relationships between a man and a woman are raised. The article is based on the short novel “Between Day and Night” by N. Rybik, materials from collections of stories by Belarusian writers, periodicals and the Belarusian N‑corpus were also used.
The descriptive method was chosen as the main one; the article uses elements of functional and stylistic and contextual analysis.
Analysis of the metaphorical use of words used by modern Belarusian authors to describe various stages of the appearance of feelings and the degree of their manifestation shows that the attitude towards love in the modern Belarusian society is changing significantly. Love is often perceived not as something mysterious and extraordinary, but as something that you need to create yourself, using all available means for this (play, imitate, apply witchcraft, etc.). The main thing in love is to subjugate a person, bind them to oneself, which is realized in the use of the words ‘to hook’, ‘to woo’, etc. Marriage is perceived as something fickle (to try marriage) and divorce is perceived as a temporary measure (to part).
Love is also considered as a disease that subjugates the will of a person, destroys them, which is emphasized by the use of metaphors like madness, to go nuts, etc.
Lovehunting appears, which requires a large selection of partners (casting, asset), special skills and long practice (maneuvering).
The external traits of a person become most important in relationships, therefore, the metaphors supermodel and swan princess are often used to describe young and beautiful women.
Significant changes in the feeling are reflected in the choice of synonyms for the word ‘love’: surrogate, syrup, etc.
Thus, the analysis of the figurative use of words allows us to outline the main changes that are taking place in the sphere of human relations in the Belarusian society of the 21st century.
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Kowalska, Martyna. "Remake jako forma dialogu z klasyką (inspiracje „Szynelem” Mikołaja Gogola w wybranej literaturze rosyjskiej XX i XXI w.)." Politeja 16, no. 2(59) (December 31, 2019): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.59.19.
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Remake as a Form of the Dialogue with the Classics (Nikolai Gogol’s ‘The Overcoat' as an Inspiration in Russian Literature in the End of the 20th Century and the Beginning of the 21st Century)
The article is devoted to the very recent phenomenon in contemporary Russian literature – to a remake. The subject of this research is the literary ‘dialogue’ between classical short story (The Overcoat by Nikolay Gogol) and Russian literary works in the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. In scope, there is a micro-novel of Vladimir Voinovich The Fur Hat, then Dmitry Gorchev’s novel The Phone and Vladimir Shinkariev’s work The Flat, as well as Bashmachkin – a drama written by Oleg Bogaev. The interest that contemporary authors demonstrate in Gogol’s work is a result of the problems described which still appear to be current. This is also an attempt to make Russian classics contemporary and reinterpret the 20th century novel simultaneously. The methods of bringing ‘Gogol’s text’ up to date in the above-mentioned works present the wide range of possibilities that remake gives. Voinovich put social and political principles of Soviet state in the first place. The Table of Ranks together with its submission of an individual towards the state has been deeply analyzed. In Gorchev’s and Shinkariev’s stories contemporary Bashmachkins – ‘little men’, eager to fulfill their dreams about better life – are presented. What is more, those texts show a very interesting picture of Russian reality in the beginning of 21st century ruled by lawlessness, corruption and money. The most original approach to Gogol’s work was presented by Bogaev in Bashmachkin’s story continuation. However, the main character is the overcoat who is administering justice on behalf of a dying hero. The remake-sequel is not only a modernized version of Gogol’s plot but also a new text growing up from a postmodern game. A proposed analysis of the above-mentioned Russian remakes presents many different ways a classic literature text can be modernized thanks to this kind of adaptation. However, on the ground of Russian literature, a remake is above all a pursuit of a dialogue with the classics, an attempt to modernize the problematic aspects and emphasize timeless contents.
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Arifa, Zakiyah, Risna Rianti Sari, Al Lastu Nurul Fatim, Danial Hilmi, Muhammad Yunus Anis, and Alif Cahya Setiyadi. "Development of Torrance Test Creative Thinking Verbal (TTCT-V) Instrument for Measuring Arabic Creative Writing." Arabi : Journal of Arabic Studies 8, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v8i2.612.
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This research aims to develop a TTCT-Verbal instrument to measure students' creative thinking skills and Arabic creative writing that essential competence of 21st-century skills. The instrument was developed based on Torrance's (1970) verbal test indicators and al-Bari’s Arabic creative writing (2009). The RD method used the 4D model design of Thiaragajan (1974). The instrument was developed with 6 components of creative thinking: ask and guess, guessing causes, guessing consequences, product improvement activity, unusual use activity, and suppose activity, with 5 items covering descriptive writing, news, poetry, Arabic quotes, and short stories. Based on the results of the 3 experts' validation tests showed that the TTCT-Verbal instrument was very valid, with an average of 4.5, and then tested on 30 university students. The results of the instrument validity test showed that all items were valid, and the reliability test showed reliable results. Therefore, this instrument is suitable for measuring the level of creative thinking and Arabic creative writing.
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Borges, Rosa. "Prácticas filológicas en la edición de textos del siglo XX: experiencias de un grupo de investigación." (an)ecdótica 5, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.2021.5.2.49242.
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In this article, we intend to show how critical editing of texts has changed over time and how philologist-editors have taken different critique, politic and social attitudes in the task of editing texts, taking into account their interests regarding the editorial project to be developed, the idiosyncrasies of the materials that make up the archive corpus, the commitment to the text and the reading that will circulate at another point in our history (literary and dramaturgical), among other aspects arising from the examined textual situations. We briefly discuss editorial theories and methodologies, seeking to show how the ecdotic method was transformed from the 19th to the 21st century, outlining contemporary philological practice in two aspects: platonic (teleological) and pragmatic (sociological) in paper and electronic support. To illustrate and comment on the editorial practice of 20th-century texts, poems, short stories, and above all censored theatrical texts, we bring a synthesis of the work developed within the Institute of Letters from Federal University of Bahia, in the research group that I coordinate, considering the editorial models adopted (digital facsimile, synoptic-critique, interpretive, critique, genetics, critical-genetics, electronic/digital [hypertextual archive or hyperEditing]), according to the critical, philological, genetic and sociological approaches. Also, we consider that critical-philological studies point to a particular theme selected by the philologist for weave comments and criticism.
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Kongerslev, Marianne, and Clara Juncker. "Det syge USA." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 49, no. 131 (June 23, 2021): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v49i131.127675.
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Acknowledging the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic as an exacerbating factor for precarious US communities, this article reads Tony Kushner’s critically acclaimed play Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes (1992-95) and Michael Henson’s collection of short stories Maggie Boylan (2015) alongside Susan Sontag (Illness as Metaphor), Jasbir Puar (The Right to Maim) and Lauren Berlant (“Slow Death”). The play and the short story collection represent examples of critiques of a deep-rooted disorder that characterizes the precaritizing American social and political system. From the severely mishandled AIDS crisis in Reagan’s conservative United States to the equally disastrous management of the opioid and meth epidemics in the 21st century, American society and politicians are failing their citizens, a failure reflected in and critiqued by literary texts. Whereas Angels in America is an overtly political drama, in which marginalized people come together to respond to political erasure and violence with imaginative countercultural utopianism, Maggie Boylan traces the gradual decay and corruption of a contemporary American community, functioning as a microcosm of the Unites States as a whole. This society is plagued by several crippling “epidemics” and “crises” that leave bodies broken and communities in tatters. Despite glimmers of hope, Kushner and Henson paint a grim picture of a sickness at the core of American society.
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Segi Lukavská, Jana, and Anežka Kuzmičová. "Complex characters of many kinds?" L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature 22 (September 25, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/l1esll.2022.22.1.406.
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L1 literacy instruction in Czechia largely relies on reading anthologies, i.e., textbooks containing short excerpts of literary texts from the 19th to 21st century. Focusing on current Year 3 anthologies (N = 13), we have developed a simple, scalable and transferable analytical procedure examining what types of characters (male, female, animal, other) are represented in the narratives included (N = 530), what experience dimensions (cognition, emotions, bodily engagement) these characters are attributed, and on what levels of complexity. We found that female characters overall are strongly underrepresented in the anthologies, including excerpts from the most recent children’s literature which is predominantly authored by women. Further, female characters show lower complexity than male characters in emotions, bodily engagement, and especially cognition. In a concluding case study of one particular text, we demonstrate how even excerpts with relatively complex characters of both genders may tend to perpetuate deeper imbalances. Our approach provides an experientially nuanced alternative to traditional content analysis yet its more basic steps remain easy to use for practitioners in selecting literary texts for teaching. It can be applied in research anywhere but also in designing classroom activities exploring diversity in stories, whether the focus is gender, ethnicity, or other.
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Kalloli, Angela Teresa, and Sarika Tyagi. "Retelling Through the Eyes of Innocents: A Study of Jojo Rabbit and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas." Studies in Media and Communication 10, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v10i2.5672.
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This paper undertakes a study of the novels The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and Caging Skies by Christine Leunens along with their award-winning movie retellings – The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by Mark Herman and Heyman, and Jojo Rabbit by Taika Waititi – to explore how the film retellings employ the technique of a child’s perception to provide a fresh perspective of one of the darkest moments of history: the Holocaust by the Nazi Regime. Rewriting, retelling and adapting historical, canonical or even familiar tale tropes are enduring conventions in literature and these are traditions central to many literary movements. Over the years, numerous movies have been crafted, retelling or adapting a short story or a novel or a play to a screenplay, furthering the scope of literary retellings via the visual media. These adaptations exhibit the capability of human creativity, human literary behavior, and the ability to bring about a novel and immersive experience of a literary piece. A comparative study of the novels and their movie retellings by employing a distinctive perspective is undertaken to throw light on the other factors influencing the popularity of the work. This paper also seeks to study the dynamics of the relationship between Literature and Media – with reference to select movies of the 21st Century, in particular, in retelling stories and making ventures to address aspects that the present century calls for, with the background of the past.
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Sousa, Ana Rita. "O conto português no século XXI: apontamentos sobre Teatro Vertical de Manuel Alberto Vieira / The Portuguese short-story in the 21st century: notes on Manuel Alberto Vieira’s Teatro Vertical." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 41, no. 65 (December 27, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.41.65.31-45.
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Resumo: A ficção portuguesa no século XXI parece inclinar-se maioritariamente para as distintas formas que autoriza o romance na pós-modernidade. Por razões de vária ordem, que vão desde a nossa tradição literária à criação de um mercado editorial que fomenta este género, os escritores surgidos após a passagem do milénio e publicados nas grandes casas editoriais portuguesas têm recorrido pouco ao conto. Em contrapartida, o trabalho realizado por editoras independentes tem trazido a lume outros possíveis caminhos para a ficção portuguesa que não desaguam no universo de tendências dominantes do mercado cada vez mais global (carácter mais universal da intriga, inclinação para mobilidade constante das personagens e dos espaços, alusões de natureza livresca, recusa a referências locais ou regionais, etc.). Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o contributo de Teatro Vertical, livro de contos de Manuel Alberto Vieira, que em sentido quase oposto às tendências dominantes, permite repensar a potencialidade do conto como género na atualidade, ao mesmo tempo que reconfigura um dos elementos mais problematizados da nossa sociedade: a família. Após uma breve contextualização da subalternização do género na nossa tradição literária, procura analisar-se a estrutura narrativa destes contos – partindo das reflexões de Ricardo Piglia sobre as formas breves –, assim como estudar o modo em que um dos temas dominantes, a família, é evidenciado nas suas complexas mutações através das estruturas mais simples, próprias do conto.Palavras-chave: Manuel Alberto Vieira; conto; narrativa; família; crueldade. Abstract: Portuguese fiction in the 21st century seems to lean mostly towards the different forms that authorize the novel in postmodernity. For various reasons, ranging from our literary tradition to the creation of an editorial market that fosters this genre, writers who emerged after the passing of the millennium and published in the major Portuguese publishing houses have made little use of the short-story. On the other hand, the work carried out by independent publishers has brought to light other paths for Portuguese fiction that do not lead to the universe of dominant trends in the increasingly global market (a more universal character of intrigue, inclination towards constant mobility of characters and spaces, allusions of a bookish nature, refusal of local or regional references, etc.). In this sense, this work intends to analyze the contribution of Teatro Vertical, a short story book by Manuel Alberto Vieira, which, in an almost opposite sense to the dominant trends, allows us to rethink the potential of the literary short-story as a genre today, while reconfiguring one of the elements most problematized in our society: the family. To this end, this work, after a brief contextualization of the subordination of gender in our literary tradition, seeks to analyze the narrative structure of these short-stories - based on Ricardo Piglia’s reflections on short forms - as well as studying the way in which one of the dominant themes, the family, is evidenced in its complex mutations through the simplest structures, typical of the short-story.Keywords: Manuel Alberto Vieira; short story; narrative; family; cruelty.
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Abdullahi, Nasir Umar. "Contemporary Northern Nigerian Literature and the Poverty Discourse: A Critique of Aliyu Kamal’s Hausa Boy." European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejells.2013/vol11n57690.
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Literature plays numerous roles in the society: the cultural, the political, the religious, the economical, the social and the scientific (therapeutic). From the classical epochs to 21st century, writers have written and have been writing plays, poetry, novels, as well as short stories to educate, enlighten, persuade, warn and entertain their community, and sometimes the world at large. However, owing to the incessant changes in times, writers have to explore emerging themes such as migration, regional disputes, Aids, tribalism, terrorism, ethnic and religious violence, gender politics, institutionalized corruption and poverty for example. The aim of this paper is to explore the theme of poverty, as one of the contemporary thematic preoccupations in African literature in the 2I century, as portrayed in one of Aliyu Kamal‘s latest novellas, Hausa Boy. Set in the Northern part of Nigeria, Kamal ‘s prime concern is to demonstrate how some families in the country feel the deep and painful bite of abject poverty, which not only forces them to live from hand to mouth, but also makes it thorny for them to send their children to school. The end result is the children; particularly the young girls become street hawkers, a trade which endangers their life in the long run. The paper also wants to unveil that of the handful of the under-privileged children that have been to school, a significant number of them shamelessly drop out, owing to their parents’ inability to pay for their school fees. This further leads to the rising wave of the unemployment rate in the country. The paper reveals how poverty profoundly affects young men-women courtship, as it deters the former from fulfilling their cultural obligation of giving out some money token to their girl-friends and fiancées in each visit they pay to them as a sign of love. Yet, it is also a cultural practice, which causes the young men to suffer in Northern Nigeria’s contemporary reality.
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Herda, Rozanah, Nuraeningsih Nuraeningsih, Dyah Kusumastuti, and Regine Principe. "Teaching Reading Using Storyberries for Indonesian Young Learners." Education and Human Development Journal 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v8i2.4835.
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Teaching reading for young learners in this 21st-century learning demands teachers to be creative and consider the educational effect on students through technology-enhanced language learning. Therefore, the characteristics of students categorized as young learners should be considered, so the process of designing teaching scenarios, including the material and media, can be administered right on the target. At this point, teaching reading as one of the parts of literacies in the EFL context challenged teachers to simultaneously build students' reading motivation and ability in this digital era. This mixed-method study involved 31 young learners in one primary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study had two research questions: 1) How is the student's reading activity during the implementation of Storyberries? And 2) How is the student's reading achievement after being taught using Storyberries? Storyberries, a treatment used in this study, was a free online audiobook that provides many short stories that can be adjusted to readers' age, the duration of reading need, and reading interest. The design used in this study was an Exploratory Sequential Design, where the qualitative method preceded the quantitative one. The instruments used in this study were classroom observation sheets and tests. The three concurrent flows as a triangulation technique were used to analyze the qualitative data, while normality and descriptive statistics using SPSS version 25 were administered to analyze the quantitative data. The study's findings revealed that teachers used good pedagogical aspects to integrate Storyberries into the reading classroom and successfully enhanced students' reading motivation and proficiency. This pedagogical impact is expected to be implemented to the broader scope of teaching reading for young learners' needs.
Keywords: Teaching reading; storyberries; young learners
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K, Kananathan. "Traces of Time in Contemporary Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-9 (July 27, 2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s96.
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If we look at the term "Contemporary" in the history of the Tamil language, the periods starting from the end of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century to the present day are variously defined as the period of the arrival of Melai Natar, the development of prose, drama, the rise of film Tamil, science, Tamil, computer Tamil, the developmental period of web Tamil, and Media Tamil, and refer to the literary creations of the respective periods as twentieth century Tamil literature as well as divided, compiled, and analysed into short stories, novels, short novels, prose poems, new poems, and haiku poems. It seems that today's Tamil world is travelling in a worthwhile world of knowledge and exploration. When looking at the history of the Tamil language in its entirety, it is noteworthy that literary and grammatical works of the same type have been written from the Sangatamil period up to the mediaeval Tamil period. However, it is evident that modern Tamil literature has been created with more open forms and poetry. Because, although the modern literary period is shorter than other literary periods, the ideal world that Tamil says has to be renewed for many changes, changes and needs from the level of daily life, and it has become something that can happen naturally. Therefore, the works of modern Tamil literature have been structured beyond the natural Tamil language literary and grammatical definitions in accordance with the living environment, i.e., in terms of subject matter and formative structures, they are structured with indefinite definitions. However, the creations of C. Subramania Bharatiyar, who was born on 11.12.1882 and completed his worldly life on 11.09.1921 AD, are works that preserve the traditions of Tamil literature and grammar, and it is noteworthy to point to the contemporary traces, bear the traces of time that belong to the future of the same time, and record the traces of time that are suitable for all times. It is admirable that he has recorded in his poems hundreds of years before while singing about Gandhi. He is expressing his contemporary position of self-reliance as the primary leader of thirty crore people who are very diverse in many different races, languages, and cultures, a compilation of songs titled "Paradesam" even before the independence of Bharatha Nadu, published in the collection "Naatuppaattu" in AD 1919, and presenting Bharatha desam before our eyes with his poetry and the basic forms of activities that will be the projects of the 21st Century Resource Forms for Central Government Projects. Many projects, such as the Sethu Samudhirthra Project of the Central Government, which is much talked about today, will be explained. This article examines "Vinayagar Nanmani Mala’ which was written in 1918 AD and first published in 1929 AD, the four types of duties and their benefits that are meant for people of all ages.
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AHMED, İhsan Hadi. "THE FORMING OF A FAMILY IN YAŞAR KEMAL’S NOVEL “IF THEY KILL THE SNAKE”." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 04 (July 1, 2022): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.18.22.
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Yaşar Kemal is considered one of the important writers of short stories and novels in the Turkish Literature in the 20th century. His real name is Kemal Sadık Gogecli. He was born on 6th of October in 1923, which means before 23 days of the foundation of the Turkish Republic. He was born in town of Hamida (which is known now as Gökçedam) which belonged to Ottoman city. He was known by being a writer of series of novels called (İnce Memed) or (The thin Mohammed), which he wrote and complete it in a series about 32 years. He lived a very long life and wrote several short stories and novels among them are novels for children and epic novels as well as poems. Yaşar Kemal, who has a very great position in the Turkish literature, on 28th of February 2015 in Istanbul. Yaşar Kemal is considered one of the successful writers in the 20th and 21st centuries. Moreover, he was a journalist too. He died in the hospital after taking him to it and died because one of his organs stopped. He was buried in Zincirlikuyu Cemetery in Istanbul. The writer, who signed on most of his writing, is the best example in writing his novel (If They Kill the Snake). It is a tragic novel that narrates the events happened in the town of Hamida in an Ottoman City where he was born. A woman whose name is “Ismi” and lives in the countryside plays the main protagonist in the novel. The year 1976 witnessed the publishing of several subjects by the novelist that deal with love, morality, mother mercy and many more. Forming a family means studying the family structure of the family. It can be seen from different perspectives especially in Turkey whose family structure is different according to the geography of each area. The form of the family, which includes several types such as the traditional and modern, is constructed according to the characters of the individuals by whom the family is formed. The writer in his novel “If They Kill the Snake” deals with to the subject of forming a family from different perspectives that is difficult to compare with the conventions and social structure of the modern time. This makes the novel in the first position among other novels written by out novelist. The abstract of the study includes a research about the life of the writer Yaşar Kemal and his literary personality as well as his literary writings. It introduces also a research about the concept of the family. In the end, there is a study to analyze the structure of the family from the point of view of Yaşar Kemal after introducing a plot summary of the novel “If They Kill the Snake”.
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Sánchez Hernández, María Angeles. "L'œuvre de Kim Thúy: une écriture née de la fêlure biographique." Anales de Filología Francesa 27, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesff.371011.
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En este artículo analizamos la obra de Kim Thúy, escritora canadiense de origen vietnamita. Sus textos se asemejan al género autobiográfico porque las historias que cuenta siguen de cerca su trayectoria biográfica y están escritos en primera persona; sin embargo, ciertos elementos no coinciden con el recorrido íntimo de la autora ni con los rasgos de la formulación general del género; por lo tanto, no se trata de una autobiografía normativa. Revisamos las teorías actuales sobre autobiografía y autoficción como fundamentación para nuestro análisis. A través de sus libros, estudiamos el lado de las escrituras del yo que se desvía de la idea tradicional de la autobiografía exponiendo una evolución de este tipo de relato relacionada con los cambios sociales del siglo XXI. In this article we analyse the work of Kim Thúy, a Canadian authoress of Vietnamese origin. Her texts resemble the autobiographical genre because the stories she tells closely follow her biographical trajectory and are written in first person; yet some elements do not coincide with the author's intimate journey or with the features of the genre's general formulation; therefore, it is not a normative autobiography. We review the current theories of autobiography and auto-fiction as the basis for our analysis. Through her books, we study the autobiographical works that deviates from the traditional idea of autobiography by exposing an evolution of this type of story related to the social changes of the 21st century. En este artículo analizamos la obra de Kim Thúy, escritora canadiense de origen vietnamita. Sus textos se asemejan al género autobiográfico porque las historias que cuenta siguen de cerca su trayectoria biográfica y están escritos en primera persona; sin embargo, ciertos elementos no coinciden con el recorrido íntimo de la autora ni con los rasgos de la formulación general del género; por lo tanto, no se trata de una autobiografía normativa. Revisamos las teorías actuales sobre autobiografía y autoficción como fundamentación para nuestro análisis. A través de sus libros, estudiamos el lado de las escrituras del yo que se desvía de la idea tradicional de la autobiografía exponiendo una evolución de este tipo de relato relacionada con los cambios sociales del siglo XXI.
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Сидорова, О. Г., and Т. А. Полуэктова. "Functionality of photographic ekphrasis in the genre of a Christmas story (J. Coe, P. Auster)." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 3(80) (September 29, 2023): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2023.80.3.012.
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В статье рассматривается функциональность фотографического экфрасиса в малой прозе современных англо-американских писателей. В качестве материала исследования выступают непереведенные на русский язык репрезентативные рассказы Джонатана Коу Ivy and her nonsense (1995) и Пола Остера Auggie Wren’s Christmas story (1990). Авторы настоящей статьи рассматривают эти произведения с позиции жанра и отмечают в них такие устойчивые признаки Christmas story, как приуроченность событий к Рождеству, тема семьи, главный герой (как правило) — ребенок или взрослый в состоянии душевного кризиса, представители инфернального мира, рождественский подарок, наличие чуда, обращение к Богу через молитву, наличие рассказчика, счастливый финал, мораль, или «рождественская философия». Используя сравнительно-сопоставительный метод, авторы статьи отмечают, что Дж. Коу и П. Остер следуют богатой английской традиции жанра рождественских историй XIXвека и переосмысливают его возможности за счет введения фотографии как особой философско-эстетической категории. Фотографический экфрасис выступает одной из ведущих повествовательных инстанций в художественной практике конца XX — начала XXI веков, функционирует на нескольких поэтологических уровнях рассказов, а также выполняет жанроопределяющую функцию. Проведенное исследование позволяет отнести рассказы к жанровой форме фотоэкфрастических рождественских историй как своего рода художественному эксперименту, обусловленному влиянием постмодернистской эстетики и своеобразием художественного метода каждого из писателей. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при изучении рождественской прозы современных англоязычных писателей, вписанной в литературный контекст нашего времени. The article deals with the functionality of photographic ekphrasis in short prose by contemporary Anglo-American writers. The materials for the research are quite representative stories by Jonathan Coe Ivy and Her Nonsense (1995) and Paul Auster’s Auggie Wren’s Christmas Story (1990) (no Russian translations have been published). The authors of the article consider these works from the point of view of the classical Christmas tale genre and observe such preserved features of the Christmas story as the timing of events to the Christmas season, the theme of the family, the main character who is a child or an adult in a state of spiritual crisis, representatives of the infernal world, a Christmas gift, a miracle, return to God through prayer, the voice of a storyteller, a happy ending, and a moral, or “Christmas philosophy”. Using the comparative method, the authors conclude that J. Coe and P. Auster, on the one hand, follow the rich British tradition of Christmas tales originating in the 19th century, and on the other hand, reconsider its potential, introducing photography as a special philosophical and aesthetic category. Photographic ekphrasis is one of the main narrative strategies in artistic practice of the late 20th — early 21st centuries. That is why special attention is paid to the functioning of the genre at various poetological levels, although preserving the genre-defining functions. The research conducted makes it possible to attribute the two stories to the genre of photo-enhanced Christmas stories, as artistic experiments, due to the great influence of postmodern aesthetics and the originality of the artistic method of each writer. The results of the current study can be applied in study of Christmas prose written by modern English-language authors and related to the current-time context.
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Delenko, Valentyna, Ilona Hnatyshak, and Olena Lushchynska. "Literature for children as a source of tolerance education for preschoolers." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 2(59) (May 31, 2024): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2024.304675.
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The article is devoted to the topical aspect of the general problem of upbringing children of preschool age. It is emphasized that tolerance is directly related to the moral development of an individual. The educational potential of Ukrainian children's literature for preschool children is analyzed. The humanistic, competence-based, personally oriented, pedagogical, psychological approach to the education of tolerance in preschoolers is substantiated. The importance of general pedagogical principles, methods and means of educational influence on the personality of preschool children is taken into account, in particular in the education of tolerance. A characteristic of Ukrainian classics' creativity is given in the context of enhancing the tolerance of preschool children. Education of tolerance among preschoolers by means of poetic and prose texts is revealed. An analysis of prose and verse texts for children by Ukrainian poets and writers of the second half of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century is presented. The educational potential of fairy tales, short stories, and poetry is analyzed. The necessity of using the thematic wealth of Ukrainian children's literature for the education of a tolerant person is substantiated. The article proposes to trace the education of tolerance from folklore works to author's literature. Attention is focused on some methodical aspects of conveying the artistic word to the child. The need to involve parents in the process of raising tolerance is emphasized. On the basis of the conducted research, it was proved that children's literature is one of the effective means of forming tolerance in preschool children. It was found that the presence of specific themes, including tolerance, plots, and images in children's books is important, however, usually the plot-image system is not a priority criterion that determines the age category of readers. More important is the criterion of appropriate selection of means of revealing the plot, building an image as a model for the child's identity, and their accessibility for children to understand. The internal contradiction of children's literature is that it has a rather rigidly defined target (age) audience, so the process of creating a work for children is difficult, and this, apparently, formed the basis of the differentiation of the meanings of children's literature and literature for children
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Khakimyanova, Aigul M. "Cовременное состояние песенного фольклора башкир (по экспедиционным материалам XXI в.)." Oriental Studies 14, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-54-2-409-419.
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Introduction. At present, people’s interest in the historical and ethnocultural heritage has increased, and the desire to preserve traditional values for future generations has grown stronger. Song recordings made in the 19th – 20th centuries are evidence of the developed musical and song tradition of the Bashkir people. Due to the collecting efforts of M. A. Burangulov, A. N. Kireev, S. A. Galin, N. D. Shunkarov and others, a whole layer of folk songs has been preserved. During expeditions that have been intensified since the beginning of the 21st century by the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, folklorists are working hard to multifacetedly cataloguize folk knowledge, on the basis of which one can judge the state of traditional modern folklore of the Bashkirs. In our understanding, ‘modern folklore’ is folklore that has existed since the middle of the 20th century to the present, regardless of the environment of existence. Goals. This work aims to consider the genres of traditional musical folklore of the Bashkirs that have survived today, to give a brief description of them, and also to analyze them from the viewpoint of assessing the modern spiritual state of the ethnos. Unlike other genres, musical genres are well preserved in the memory of the population. It is the song and takmaks that are the main genres of modern Bashkir oral and poetic creativity, which makes it possible to reveal the dynamics of the development of folklore. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the author’s expedition materials collected in the 21st century in different regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan and beyond, where the Bashkirs live compactly. They retain collective axiological attitudes and serve as a way of expressing shared emotions. These genres have a high level of demand among the population and therefore quantitatively prevail in expedition records. Folk songs are kept in the memory of people — bearers of folk musical culture, and are not recorded by them in writing. The transmission of musical and folklore works occurs orally. This means that any folk song is perceived and absorbed by each new generation by ear directly at the moment of sounding. Occasionally, songs can be recorded along with their stories and legends. The availability of songwriting histories is a characteristic feature of Bashkir folk songs. Many songs lose their names over time, but they do not completely disappear from the memory of the people, as evidenced by the comments of informants characterizing these works in expressions, such as ‘my mother’s song’, ‘this song was performed by my father’, etc. This phenomenon reflects the strong cultural connection between generations, when performers with special trepidation cherish the memory of their relatives and can reproduce the tune once performed by their father or mother. Along with drawling songs, short four-line songs without a title, drinking songs and takmaks are also common. Takmaks, in turn, are distributed not only orally but also in writing. Modern takmaks are distinguished by great mobility and efficiency, they instantly respond to urgent problems. In the light of recent events, takmaks have appeared on the topic of a pandemic, self-isolation, and online training. Results. A review of folklore materials collected in recent decades shows that the musical genres of Bashkir folklore continue to exist, which means that it is necessary to study not only the current state of the Bashkir song heritage but also its evolution. The folk song, folk singing traditions must be passed on to the younger generation, and only then the folk culture will develop and be preserved for future generations.
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Lebel, Daniel. "Reading the Rocks Reloaded: A Celebration of the Geological Survey of Canada 175th Anniversary with a View to the Future." Geoscience Canada 45, no. 3-4 (January 28, 2019): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.140.
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In 2017, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) celebrated its 175th anniversary, just as the 150th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation was celebrated. In many ways, the development of this organization over its long history parallels the exploration and economic development of our country, and these two stories are very closely intertwined. In its early days, the GSC was involved in charting the essential geography of Canada’s landmass, and early GSC geologists were involved in some of the discoveries that laid a foundation for our modern resource economy. In the 21st century, the GSC remains at the forefront of geoscience research across the nation, collaborating with many Provincial and Territorial partners and also with academic and industry researchers to expand our knowledge and find ways to sustainably develop our resources. Like all organizations, GSC has evolved over the years, and must continue to do so in response to technological innovation and societal demands. This article provides an overview of where we came from, where we have been, where we are today, and where we hope to go in the future. It is hoped that it will provide a starting point for other articles highlighting some of GSC’s more specific scientific contributions over the years, and exploring some of the many characters who colourfully populate its long history.RÉSUMÉEn 2017, la Commission géologique du Canada (CGC) a célébré son 175ème anniversaire, alors que l’on célébrait le 150ème anniversaire de la confédération canadienne. De plusieurs façons, le développement de cette organisation au cours de sa longue histoire suit en parallèle l’exploration et le développement économique de notre pays, et ces deux histoires sont très intimement inter-reliées. Dans ses premiers jours, la CGC a été impliquée dans la cartographie géographique essentielle de la masse continentale du Canada, et ses premiers géologues de la CGC ont été impliqués dans certaines des découvertes qui ont jeté les bases de notre économie moderne des ressources. Au XXIe siècle, la CGC reste à l’avant-garde de la recherche géoscientifique à travers le pays et collabore avec de nombreux partenaires provinciaux et territoriaux ainsi qu’avec des chercheurs universitaires et industriels afin d’élargir nos connaissances et de trouver des moyens de développer nos ressources de manière durable. Comme toutes les organisations, la CGC a évolué au cours des années, et doit continuer de le faire en réponse à l’innovation technologique et aux besoins sociétaux. Cet article fourni un aperçu de nos origines, de notre cheminement, de notre situation actuelle et de nos objectifs futurs. On espère que cela fournira un point de départ pour d’autres articles mettant en lumière certaines des contributions scientifiques plus spécifiques de la CGC au fil des ans et explorant certains des nombreux personnages qui peuplent de manière colorée sa longue histoire.
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Nowacki, Dariusz. "Ucieczki i powroty. Wieś w nowej prozie polskiej." Wielogłos, no. 2 (56) (2023): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.23.014.18192.
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Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zbioru powieści i opowiadań o tematyce wiejskiej powstałych w ostatnich latach (2013–2022). Autor przyjął pojemną kategorię „proza wiejskich przestrzeni”, wskazując na jej zalety i ograniczenia. Następnie wymienia dwie podstawowe właściwości nowej prozy wiejskiej: skupienie na przeszłości oraz na jej powagę. W części zasadniczej autor odnosi się do dwu pojęć zawartych w tytule: ucieczki i powroty. Odnotowuje, że w nowej polskiej prozie mamy do czynienia z ucieczkami z miast na wieś, nigdy w odwrotnym kierunku. Kwestię literackich powrotów na wieś dzieli na kilka zagadnień problemowych. W najbardziej ogólnym ujęciu jest to, opisana przez krytykę literacką, nowa fala literatury wiejskiej, która na ogół była łączona ze zwrotem plebejskim (ludowym), jaki dokonał się w kulturze polskiej w połowie drugiej dekady XXI wieku. Następnie – na przykładzie prozy Andrzeja Stasiuka – omawia prywatne powroty pisarzy do ich wiejskiego dzieciństwa oraz przedstawia oryginalny projekt literacki, antologię gromadzącą opowiadania napisane przez członków Związku Pisarzy ze Wsi. W kolejnej części artykułu omówiony został problem krótkotrwałego powrotu na wieś, traktowanego jako „turnus rehabilitacyjny”. Artykuł zamyka interpretacja i analiza trzech utworów Andrzeja Muszyńskiego, pisarza, który od dekady jest szczególnie przywiązany do problematyki wiejskiej. Escapes and Returns. The Village in the New Polish Prose The aim of the article is to present a collection of rural novels written in recent years (2013–2022). The author adopted the expanded category of “prose of rural spaces,” pointing to its advantages and limitations. Then he lists two basic features of the new rural prose: focus on the past and its seriousness. In the main part, the author refers to two concepts mentioned in the title: escapes and returns. He notes that in new Polish prose we are dealing with escapes from the cities to the countryside, never in the opposite direction. He divides the issue of literary returns to the countryside into several problem clusters. In the most general terms, it is described by literary critics as a new wave of rural literature, which was generally associated with the plebeian (folk) turn that took place in Polish culture in the middle of the second decade of the 21st century. Then – on the example of Andrzej Stasiuk’s prose – he discusses the writer’s private returns to their rural childhoods and presents an original literary project, an anthology collecting stories written by members of the Writers’ Union from the Countryside. The next part of the article discusses the problem of a short-term return to the countryside, treated as a “rehabilitation stay.” The article closes with an interpretation and analysis of three works by Andrzej Muszyński, a writer who has been particularly attached to rural issues for a decade now.
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Ding, Chuanwei. "Research on the innovative path of precise communication of Chinese Martial Arts under the background of the "One Belt and One Road"." Social Science and Humanities Journal 8, no. 03 (March 1, 2024): 34576–655. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i03.947.
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Summary As my country’s top-level cooperation initiative, the “Belt and Road Initiative” covers the Eurasian continent. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that in promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road", strengthening "people-to-people connectivity" is the key and foundation, and culture is the soul and life that promotes "people-to-people connectivity". Only through external cultural communication can the "Belt and Road" be better enhanced The appeal and influence of the initiative in countries along the route. It can be said that cultural exchanges serve as bridges and ties in connecting people. The implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative not only accelerates the process of Chinese culture “going out”, but also expands the influence of Chinese culture through exchanges and mutual learning. force. Chinese martial arts, as a traditional Chinese physical culture that “integrates human beings, intellectual nature, truth and goodness, and both internal and external”, accurately disseminating Chinese martial arts not only promotes the effective implementation of the people-to-people bonds policy in the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, but also enables Chinese martial arts to carry “ The Belt and Road Initiative "tells Chinese stories well", "spreads the voice of China well" and interprets China's excellent culture to people around the world. It can also continuously optimize and reconstruct "credible, respectable and lovable" in the international dissemination of Chinese martial arts. image of China. This study uses literature, historical research, case analysis, text analysis and other research methods to first divide the stages of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, and secondly to sort out the context of the international spread of Chinese martial arts and find out the reasons for the international spread of Chinese martial arts. The overall trends and characteristics are analyzed, and then the status quo and difficulties of Chinese martial arts communication paths in the “One Belt and One Road” countries are analyzed to build a precise communication path. The following main conclusions are drawn through the research: (1) Deconstruct and analyze Chinese martial arts through the theory of cultural semiotics, demonstrate the national status of Chinese martial arts in Chinese culture and its unique functions and values in the process of improving national soft power, and analyze the culture that it may present overseas. Form, in response to "Chinese martial arts is a cultural brand that brings Chinese culture to the world." Research shows that: Chinese martial arts culture contains the core values of Chinese traditional culture; the international communication of Chinese martial arts is the inevitable way for China’s excellent traditional culture to go abroad; the international communication of Chinese martial arts carries China’s international concepts; the international communication of Chinese martial arts is the implementation of The inevitable path for China’s cultural development strategy. According to the major events in the transformation period of international communication, Chinese martial arts can be divided into the international communication of Chinese martial arts in the Han Dynasty, the international communication of Chinese martial arts in the Ming Dynasty, the international communication of modern Chinese martial arts, the international communication of modern Chinese martial arts, and the international communication of Chinese martial arts in the 21st century. It sorted out the development trends and characteristics of the spread of Chinese martial arts in these stages. From the spread of overseas Chinese immigrants and overseas performances, to the spread of Chinese martial arts events, film and television dramas, etc., the popularity of Chinese martial arts in the world has risen rapidly, and then to the 21st century The international spread of Chinese martial arts in the century pays more attention to comprehensiveness and representativeness. and win-win communication environment in the countries along the “One Belt and One Road”, presented rich and colorful communication content, formed a multi-level communication pattern, had a distinct audience group, and explored Communication media products that meet the needs of modernization. However, in the process of dissemination, there are a series of problems such as the lack of a dissemination environment adapted to local conditions and the lack of dissemination content that adapts to individual motivation differences. In short, Chinese martial arts have both successes and aspects that need to be optimized and improved in the dissemination of Chinese martial arts in countries along the “Belt and Road”. . (4) By analyzing the international communication process and effectiveness of Tai Chi, a typical form of Chinese martial arts, it was found that Tai Chi has positioned precise and clear communication subjects in the international communication process, divided the communication content into clear layers, and paid attention to the audience. Differentiated analysis and innovative communication media that adapt to the needs of the audience provide valuable practical experience for the dissemination of Chinese martial arts in countries along the “Belt and Road”, giving Chinese martial arts a new identity in the exchanges and mutual learning among countries along the “Belt and Road” and concepts to go out, go in, and stay, and provide new concepts, new categories, new frameworks, and new ideas for the dissemination and development of other Chinese traditional cultures. (5) Chinese martial arts has certain practical experience in the process of precise dissemination in Turkey, and has also encountered difficulties such as the lack of martial arts culture, the shortage of outstanding teachers, the imbalance of the martial arts industry, and lagging teaching methods during the dissemination process. Based on the obstacles encountered in the spread of Chinese martial arts in Turkey, the study provides corresponding countermeasures such as creating a cultural communication environment, optimizing the construction of teaching staff, building a Chinese martial arts industry, and using information digital technology. (6) Through the five aspects of communication environment, communication audience, communication content, communication subjects, and communication methods, the precise communication path of Chinese martial arts in countries along the “Belt and Road” was analyzed, and it was found that they complement each other. According to the differences of the communication audience, we can create a communication environment suitable for the location, innovate communication methods that keep pace with the times, and communication content that adapts to the communication audience. Then, based on these relevant factors that affect the communication content, we can select the corresponding communication subjects to promote China Martial arts are spread accurately in countries along the “Belt and Road”. Keywords: “One Belt and One Road”; Chinese traditional culture; Chinese martial arts; precision communication; international communication
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Jelisavac, Sanja. "International regulation of intellectual property rights." Medjunarodni problemi 56, no. 2-3 (2004): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0403279j.
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Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and works of art, as well as symbols, names, images, and designs that are used in commerce. Intellectual property is divided into two categories industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and copyright which includes literary and works of art such as novels, poems and plays films, musical works, works of art such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programmes. 1883 marked the birth of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the first major international treaty designed to help the people from one country obtain protection in other countries for their intellectual creations in the form of industrial property rights, known as: inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs. In 1886, copyright entered the international arena with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The aim of this Convention was to help nationals of its member States obtain international protection of their right to control, and receive payment for the use of their creative works such as: novels, short stories, poems plays; songs, operas, musicals, sonatas; and drawings, paintings sculptures, architectural works. The Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) was adopted in 1952 and formalised in 1955, as a complementary agreement to the Berne Convention. The UCC membership included the United States, and many developing countries that did not wish to comply with the Berne Convention, since they viewed its provisions as overly favourable to the developed world. Patent Cooperation Treaty, signed on June 19,1970, provides for the filing of a single international patent application which has the same effect as national applications filed in the designated countries. An applicant seeking protection may file one application and request protection in as many signatory states as needed. On November 6, 1925, the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs was adopted within the framework of the Paris Convention. Under the provisions of the Hague Agreement, any person entitled to effect an international deposit has the possibility of obtaining, by means of a single deposit protection for his industrial designs in a number of States with a minimum of formalities and of expense. The system of international registration of marks is governed by two treaties, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, which dates from 1891, and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement that was adopted in 1989. It entered into force on December 1, 1995, and came into operation on April 1, 1996. The reason for adopting the much more recent Protocol, following the original Madrid Agreement of 1891 (last amended at Stockholm in 1967), was the absence from the Madrid Union of some of the major countries in the trademark field, for example, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The Protocol is intended to make the Madrid system acceptable to more countries. The Rome Convention consists basically of the national treatment that a State grants under its domestic law to domestic performances, phonograms and broadcasts. Apart from the rights guaranteed by the Convention itself as constituting that minimum of protection, and subject to specific exceptions or reservations allowed for by the Convention, performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organisations to which the Convention applies, enjoy in Contracting States the same rights as those countries grant to their nationals. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international organisation dedicated to promoting the use and protection of works of the human spirit. These works, intellectual property, are expanding the bounds of science and technology and enriching the world of the arts. Through its work, WIPO plays an important role in enhancing the quality and enjoyment of life, as well as creating real wealth for nations. In 1974, WIPO became a specialised agency of the United Nations system of organisations, with a mandate to administer intellectual property matters recognised by the member states of the UN. With headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, WIPO is one of the 16 specialised agencies of the United Nations system of organisations. It administers 21 international treaties dealing with different aspects of intellectual property protection. The Organisation counts 177 nations as member states. One of the successes of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS Agreement), which came into effect on 1 January 1995, and up to date it the most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property. The TRIPS Agreement is a minimum standards agreement, which allows Members to provide more extensive protection of intellectual property if they wish so. Members are left free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of the Agreement within their own legal system and practice On January 1, 1996, an Agreement Between the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization entered into force. It provides for cooperation concerning the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, such as notification of laws and regulations and legal-technical assistance and technical co-operation in favour of developing countries. In the 21st century intellectual property will play an increasingly important role at the international stage. Works of the mind - intellectual property such as inventions, designs, trademarks, books, music, and films, are now used and enjoyed on every continent on the earth. In the new millennium international protection of intellectual property rights faces many new challenges; one of the most urgent is the need for states to adapt to and benefit from rapid and wide-ranging technological change, particularly in the field of information technology and the Internet.
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R, Bhuvaneswari, Cynthiya Rose J S, and Maria Baptist S. "Editorial: Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i2.5932.
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IntroductionIndian Literature with its multiplicity of languages and the plurality of cultures dates back to 3000 years ago, comprising Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and Epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata. India has a strong literary tradition in various Indian regional languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and so on. Indian writers share oral tradition, indigenous experiences and reflect on the history, culture and society in regional languages as well as in English. The first Indian novel in English is Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Rajmohan’s Wife (1864). Indian Writing in English can be viewed in three phases - Imitative, First and Second poets’ phases. The 20th century marks the matrix of indigenous novels. The novels such as Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable (1935), Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupé (2001), and Khuswant Singh’s Memories of Madness: Stories of 1947 (2002) depict social issues, vices and crises (discrimination, injustice, violence against women) in India. Indian writers, and their contribution to world literature, are popular in India and abroad.Researchers are keen on analysing the works of Indian writers from historical, cultural, social perspectives and on literary theories (Post-Colonialism, Postmodernity, Cultural Studies). The enormity of the cultural diversity in India is reflected in Indian novels, plays, dramas, short stories and poems. This collection of articles attempts to capture the diversity of the Indian land/culture/landscape. It focuses on the history of India, partition, women’s voices, culture and society, and science and technology in Indian narratives, documentaries and movies.Special Issue: An Overview“Whatever has happened, has happened for goodWhatever is happening, is also for goodWhatever will happen, shall also be good.”- The Bhagavad-Gita.In the Mahabharata’s Kurukshetra battlefield, Lord Krishna counsels Arjuna on how everything that happens, regardless of whether it is good or bad, happens for a reason.Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future portrays the glorious/not-so-glorious times in history, the ever-changing crisis/peace of contemporary and hope for an unpredictable future through India’s literary and visual narratives. It focuses on comparison across cultures, technological advancements and diverse perspectives or approaches through the work of art produced in/on India. It projects India’s flora, fauna, historical monuments and rich cultural heritage. It illustrates how certain beliefs and practices come into existence – origin, evolution and present structure from a historical perspective. Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future gives a moment to recall, rectify and raise to make a promising future. This collection attempts to interpret various literary and visual narratives which are relevant at present.The Epics Reinterpreted: Highlighting Feminist Issues While Sustaining Deep Motif, examines the Women characters in the Epics – Ramayana and Mahabharata. It links the present setting to the violence against women described in the Epics Carl Jung’s archetypes are highlighted in a few chosen characters (Sita, Amba, Draupati). On one note, it emphasises the need for women to rise and fight for their rights.Fictive Testimony and Genre Tension: A Study of ‘Functionality’ of Genre in Manto’s Toba Tek Singh, analyses the story as a testimony and Manto as a witness. It discusses the ‘Testimony and Fictive Testimony’ in Literature. It explains how the works are segregated into a particular genre. The authors conclude that the testimony is to be used to understand or identify with the terror.Tangible Heritage and Intangible Memory: (Coping) Precarity in the select Partition writings by Muslim Women, explores the predicament of women during the Partition of India through Mumtaz Shah Nawaz’s The Heart Divided (1990) and Attia Hosain’s Sunlight on a Broken Column (2009). It addresses ‘Feminist Geography’ to escape precarity. It depicts a woman who is cut off from her own ethnic or religious group and tries to conjure up her memories as a means of coping with loneliness and insecurity.Nation Building Media Narratives and its Anti-Ecological Roots: An Eco-Aesthetic Analysis of Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, analyses the post-Partition trauma in the fictional village, Mano Majra. It illustrates the cultural and spiritual bond between Mano Majrans — the inhabitants of Mano Majra — and nature (the land and river). It demonstrates how the media constructs broad myths about culture, religion, and nation. According to the authors, Mano Majrans place a high value on the environment, whilst the other boundaries are more concerned with nationalism and religion.Pain and Hopelessness among Indian Farmers: An Analysis of Deepa Bhatia’s Nero’s Guests documents the farmers’ suicides in India as a result of debt and decreased crop yield. The travels of Sainath and his encounters with the relatives of missing farmers have been chronicled in the documentary Nero’s Guests. It uses the Three Step Theory developed by David Klonsky and Alexis May and discusses suicide as a significant social issue. The authors conclude that farmers are the foundation of the Indian economy and that without them, India’s economy would collapse. It is therefore everyone’s responsibility—the people and the government—to give farmers hope so that they can overcome suicidal thoughts.The link between animals and children in various cultures is discussed in The New Sociology of Childhood: Animal Representations in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Garden in the Dunes, Amazon’s Oh My Dog, and Netflix’s Mughizh: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. It examines the chosen works from the perspectives of cross-cultural psychology and the New Sociology of Childhood. It emphasises kids as self-sufficient, engaged, and future members of society. It emphasises universal traits that apply to all people, regardless of culture. It acknowledges anthropomorphized cartoons create a bond between kids and animals.Life in Hiding: Censorship Challenges faced by Salman Rushdie and Perumal Murugan, explores the issues sparked by their writings. It draws attention to the aggression and concerns that were forced on them by the particular sect of society. It explains the writers’ experiences with the fatwa, court case, exile, and trauma.Female Body as the ‘Other’: Rituals and Biotechnical Approach using Perumal Murugan’s One Part Woman and Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women, questions the society that limits female bodies for procreation and objectification. It talks about how men and women are regarded differently, as well as the cultural ideals that apply to women. It explains infertility, which is attributed to women, as well as people’s ignorance and refusal to seek medical help in favour of adhering to traditional customs and engaging in numerous rituals for procreation.Life and (non) Living: Technological and Human Conglomeration in Android Kunjappan Version 5.25, explores how cyborgs and people will inevitably interact in the Malayalam film Android Kunjappan Version 5.25. It demonstrates the advantages, adaptability, and drawbacks of cyborgs in daily life. It emphasises how the cyborg absorbs cultural and religious notions. The authors argue that cyborgs are an inevitable development in the world and that until the flaws are fixed, humans must approach cyborgs with caution. The Challenges of Using Machine Translation While Translating Polysemous Words, discusses the difficulty of using machine translation to translate polysemous words from French to English (Google Translate). It serves as an example of how the machine chooses the formal or often-used meaning rather than the pragmatic meaning and applies it in every situation. It demonstrates how Machine Translation is unable to understand the pragmatic meaning of Polysemous terms because it is ignorant of the cultures of the source and target languages. It implies that Machine Translation will become extremely beneficial and user-friendly if the flaws are fixed.This collection of articles progresses through the literary and visual narratives of India that range from historical events to contemporary situations. It aims to record the stories that are silenced and untold through writing, film, and other forms of art. India’s artistic output was influenced by factors such as independence, partition, the Kashmir crisis, the Northeast Insurgency, marginalisation, religious disputes, environmental awareness, technical breakthroughs, Bollywood, and the Indian film industry. India now reflects a multitude of cultures and customs as a result of these occurrences. As we examine the Indian narratives produced to date, we can draw the conclusion that India has a vast array of tales to share with the rest of the world.Guest Editorial BoardGuest Editor-in-ChiefDr. Bhuvaneswari R, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. She has pursued her master’s at the University of Madras, Chennai and doctoral research at HNB Central University, Srinagar. Her research areas of interest are ELT, Children/Young Adult Literature, Canadian writings, Indian literature, and Contemporary Fiction. She is passionate about environmental humanities. She has authored and co-authored articles in National and International Journals.Guest EditorsCynthiya Rose J S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. Her research interests are Children’s Literature, Indian Literature and Graphic Novels.Maria Baptist S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. His research interests include Crime/Detective fiction and Indian Literature.MembersDr. Sufina K, School of Science and Humanities, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaDr. Narendiran S, Department of Science and Humanities, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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Kim, Jay Y. "Analog Church: Why We Need Real People, Places and Things in the Digital Age." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 1 (March 2021): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-21kim.
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ANALOG CHURCH: Why We Need Real People, Places and Things in the Digital Age by Jay Y. Kim. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2020. 192 pages. Paperback; $18.00. ISBN: 9780830841585. *There is a thought-provoking irony about this book. Analog Church: Why We Need Real People, Places and Things in the Digital Age by Jay Y. Kim was written prior to the 2020 pandemic, and published at its first peak around March of that year. The book serves as a creative warning about the church "over-embracing" modern technology and all that the digital age offers, at the cost of stifling its original purpose, a purpose steeped in analog principles of empathetic relationship. Fair enough! But along come the COVID-19 restrictions, and the church (and every other part of our institutionalized life) jumps full steam ahead as digital technology becomes essential. My own perspective is from Canadian Presbyterianism. It, with some exception, has been slow to embrace many technological advances when it comes to "doing church." Nonetheless, it and many other churches have been dragged into the twenty-first century with near abandon. The number of churches doing meetings and Sunday worship via YouTube, Zoom, Facebook, and other platforms has skyrocketed. *The prophetic voice inherent in Analog Church is speaking to the church community at a time when it is relying on digital technology to continue functioning. The introductory section of the book focuses on how technology, in and of itself, is not adequate to reach those who are searching for a transcendent meaning and purpose in life, and may, in fact, steer people away from such a relationship. In an introductory section entitled "When Values Turn Vicious," the author notes that "the digital age's technological advancements boast three major contributions to the improvement of human experience ..." (p. 15). These are speed, choices, and individualism. He notes that when such values unduly influence the church and aren't held accountable, "they turn vicious." Speed has made us impatient, choices have made us shallow, individualism has made us isolated. *It is on this premise that the author uses the remainder of the book to detail his warnings and his reasons for hope. The chapter titles are provided here, as they are descriptive of the content. Part 1 has two chapters which examine worship: "Cameras, Copycats and Caricatures: Worship in the Digital Age"; and "To Engage and to Witness: Analog Worship." Part 2 considers community: "Rebuilding Babel: Community in the Digital Age"; and "A Tax Collector and a Zealot Walk into A Crossfit: Analog Community." Part 3 looks at scripture: "Jackpot: Scripture in the Digital Age"; "HowToReadABook: Analog Scripture"; and "The Meal at the Center of History: Communion." *An example of the author's approach can be taken from the section on worship. He has the reader consider "how the digital age and technology's influence have subverted much of what worship life of the gathered people of God is meant to be" (p. 35), in part in the church's effort to reach new generations. Here he invokes the wisdom of Canadian philosopher and media guru Marshall McLuhan. He notes how McLuhan's 1960's prophetic voice is making a return due to the precise nature of his pronouncements, and how they match current circumstances. He summarizes McLuhan's "Four Laws of Media" (media in a very broad sense), as applicable to our use of technology today in the church, and, in this case, worship. The laws are summarized as follows: what does it enhance, what does it push aside, what does it retrieve that was previously pushed aside, and, what does it turn into when pushed to an extreme? As Kim moves into the value of analog worship, he notes that "digital informs," but "analog transforms," and similarly, "digital entertains, analog engages." *The author works into his narrative a number of stories based on his own life experiences, and pastors and speakers will find these worthy of using in their own teaching. While there are biblical references scattered throughout, this reviewer particularly appreciates the detailed way some scriptural passages are handled. For example, in the section regarding analog community, the author takes an extended look at the list of the first disciples in Matthew 10:2-4. He pays particular attention to the unique descriptors for two of them: Matthew, a tax collector; and Simon, a zealot. These two would have been bitter enemies, yet we read nothing of the animosity that would have existed between them. There was something, a force, contained in their leader that was much stronger than their own histories and opinions of one another. Kim later notes that there is the need for this kind of communal relationship, as "the digital age has disconnected and detached us from one another in ways completely unique to our current moment in history. True analog community is what the world is hungry for, whether they know it or not" (p.113). *The author is certainly no luddite. He applauds the use of digital technology when properly focused. He himself lives in the heart of Silicon Valley, and, in many ways, he has been at the cutting edge of digital technology and its use in the church. He is the lead pastor of teaching at WestGate Church in the same area, and until recently was teacher-in-residence at Vintage Faith Church in Santa Cruz. He cohosts The Regeneration Podcast. He has a very useful website (jaykimthinks.com), and he makes himself readily available via Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. All this is to say that Jay Kim has considerable credibility concerning the subject matter of this book. In fact, on the March 22, 2020, version of Regeneration Podcast, there is a specific commentary about the book, with some pandemic perspective as well. One of the book's phrases which is featured in the podcast discussion is "the temptation to pursue relevance at any cost." The podcast is a good resource for those considering getting the book. *ASA/CSCA members might well be wondering if the book is primarily for pastors and church leaders (which group, of course, includes a number of our members). As for those involved with the scientific endeavor, there are also some worthy considerations. This reviewer has long considered scientific activity as a form of worship, and the work of the ASA as an important ministry in itself. Many of the warnings that Jay Kim provides in his book can be easily transferred to those who share the importance of a vital science and faith relationship. In fact, it is about relationship. Digital "spectacle" may be a useful and inspiring aspect of short-term events and conferences, but the purpose of both church and our individual witness is quite different. It requires an analog approach, enhanced by a subtle and reflective use of technology which builds upon the purpose of churches and congregations, but does not replace it. In conclusion, I would recommend this book to ASA members interested in how digital technology shapes the church. *Reviewed by Bob Geddes, a geologist and minister (retired) in the Presbyterian Church in Canada, Hamilton, ON L9A 4Y2.