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Journal articles on the topic "Short-range wake function"
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McSorley, V. Eloesa, Yu Sun Bin, and Diane S. Lauderdale. "Associations of Sleep Characteristics With Cognitive Function and Decline Among Older Adults." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 6 (February 13, 2019): 1066–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz037.
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Abstract Sleep laboratory studies find that restricted sleep duration leads to worse short-term cognition, especially memory. Observational studies find associations between self-reported sleep duration or quality and cognitive function. However self-reported sleep characteristics might not be highly accurate, and misreporting could relate to cognition. In the Sleep Study of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative cohort of older US adults (2010–2015), we examined whether self-reported and actigraph-measured sleep are associated with cross-sectional cognitive function and 5-year cognitive decline. Cognition was measured with the survey adaptation of the multidimensional Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). At baseline (n = 759), average MoCA-SA score was 14.1 (standard deviation, 3.6) points of a possible 20. In cross-sectional models, actigraphic sleep-disruption measures (wake after sleep onset, fragmentation, percentage sleep, and wake bouts) were associated with worse cognition. Sleep disruption measures were standardized, and estimates of association were similar (range, −0.37 to −0.59 MoCA-SA point per standard deviation of disruption). Actigraphic sleep-disruption measures were also associated with odds of 5-year cognitive decline (4 or more points), with wake after sleep onset having the strongest association (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.98). Longitudinal associations were generally stronger for men than for women. Self-reported sleep showed little association with cognitive function.
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DIETZ, A. J. "Local boundary-layer receptivity to a convected free-stream disturbance." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 378 (January 10, 1999): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003243.
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An investigation of the local receptivity of a Blasius boundary layer to a harmonic vortical disturbance is presented as a step towards understanding boundary-layer receptivity to free-stream turbulence. Although there has been solid experimental verification of the linear theory describing acoustic receptivity of boundary layers, this was the first experimental verification of the mechanism behind local receptivity to a convected disturbance. The harmonic wake from a vibrating ribbon positioned upstream of a flat plate provided the free-stream disturbance. Two-dimensional roughness elements on the surface of the plate acted as a local receptivity site. Hot-wire measurements in the boundary layer downstream of the roughness confirmed the generation of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) instability waves by an outer-layer interaction between the long-wavelength convected disturbance and the short-scale mean-flow distortion due to the roughness. The characteristics of the instability waves were carefully measured to ensure that their behaviour was correctly modelled by linear stability theory. This theory was then used to determine the immeasurably small initial wave amplitudes resulting from the receptivity process, from wave amplitudes measured downstream. Tests were performed to determine the range of validity of the linear assumptions made in current receptivity theories. Experimental data obtained in the linear regime were then compared to theoretical results of other authors by expressing the experimental data in the form of an efficiency function which is independent of the free-stream amplitude, roughness height and roughness geometry. Reasonable agreement between the experimental and theoretical efficiency functions was obtained over a range of frequencies and Reynolds numbers.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Rebecca Holmes, and Frances Hsu. "Pharmacologic Treatments for Sleep Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review." Journal of Child Neurology 34, no. 5 (January 23, 2019): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818821030.
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Sleep problems are common in children, especially those with neurodevelopmental disorders, and can lead to consequences in behavior, functioning, and quality of life. We systematically reviewed the efficacy and harms of pharmacologic treatments for sleep disorders in children and adolescents. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane library databases, and PsycINFO through June 2018. We included 22 placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (1-13 weeks’ duration), involving 1758 children (mean age 8.2 years). Single randomized controlled trials of zolpidem and eszopiclone in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed no improvement in sleep or ADHD ratings. Clinical Global Impression Improvement/Severity scores significantly improved with zolpidem ( P = .03 and P = .006, respectively). A single, small randomized controlled trial of diphenhydramine reported small improvements in sleep outcomes (8-10 minutes’ better sleep latency and duration) after 1 week. In 19 randomized controlled trials, melatonin significantly improved sleep latency (median 28 minutes; range 11-51 minutes), sleep duration (median 33 minutes; range 14-68 minutes), and wake time after sleep onset (range 12-43 minutes), but not number of awakenings per night (range 0-2.7). Function and behavior improvement varied. Improvement in sleep was greatest in children with autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders, and smaller in adolescents and children with chronic delayed sleep onset. Adverse events were infrequent with melatonin, but more frequent than placebo in children taking eszopiclone or zolpidem. These findings show that melatonin was useful in improving some sleep outcomes in the short term, particularly those with comorbid ASD and neurodevelopmental disorders. Other drugs and outcomes are inadequately studied.
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Fornari, Walter, Mehdi Niazi Ardekani, and Luca Brandt. "Clustering and increased settling speed of oblate particles at finite Reynolds number." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 848 (June 11, 2018): 696–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.370.
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We study the settling of rigid oblates in a quiescent fluid using interface-resolved direct numerical simulations. In particular, an immersed boundary method is used to account for the dispersed solid phase together with lubrication correction and collision models to account for short-range particle–particle interactions. We consider semi-dilute suspensions of oblate particles with aspect ratio $AR=1/3$ and solid volume fractions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.5{-}10\,\%$. The solid-to-fluid density ratio $R=1.02$ and the Galileo number (i.e. the ratio between buoyancy and viscous forces) based on the diameter of a sphere with equivalent volume $Ga=60$. With this choice of parameters, an isolated oblate falls vertically with a steady wake with its broad side perpendicular to the gravity direction. At this $Ga$, the mean settling speed of spheres is a decreasing function of the volume $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and is always smaller than the terminal velocity of the isolated particle, $V_{t}$. On the contrary, in dilute suspensions of oblate particles (with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\leqslant 1\,\%$), the mean settling speed is approximately 33 % larger than $V_{t}$. At higher concentrations, the mean settling speed decreases becoming smaller than the terminal velocity $V_{t}$ between $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=5\,\%$ and 10 %. The increase of the mean settling speed is due to the formation of particle clusters that for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.5{-}1\,\%$ appear as columnar-like structures. From the pair distribution function we observe that it is most probable to find particle pairs almost vertically aligned. However, the pair distribution function is non-negligible all around the reference particle indicating that there is a substantial amount of clustering at radial distances between 2 and $6c$ (with $c$ the polar radius of the oblate). Above $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=5\,\%$, the hindrance becomes the dominant effect, and the mean settling speed decreases below $V_{t}$. As the particle concentration increases, the mean particle orientation changes and the mean pitch angle (the angle between the particle axis of symmetry and gravity) increases from $23^{\circ }$ to $47^{\circ }$. Finally, we increase $Ga$ from 60 to 140 for the case with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.5\,\%$ and find that the mean settling speed (normalized by $V_{t}$) decreases by less than 1 % with respect to $Ga=60$. However, the fluctuations of the settling speed around the mean are reduced and the probability of finding vertically aligned particle pairs increases.
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Zahn, Rebecca, and David Cabrelli. "Theories of Domination and Labour Law: An Alternative Conception for Intervention?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 33, Issue 3 (September 1, 2017): 339–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2017015.
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In previous work, the authors have sought to demonstrate how a particular strand of contemporary political theory can be usefully adopted to shed valuable light on labour law. In short, the conception of ‘non-domination’ grounded in contemporary civic republican political philosophy and associated with scholars such as Philipp Pettit and Frank Lovett prescribes a sophisticated account of freedom and a socially just order. In the latter’s framework, social justice is secured when laws and policies are introduced to subject private social relationships characterized by dependency and an arbitrary imbalance in social power to a measure of external control. As a subset of a socially just order, the previous work of the authors sought to sketch out how nondomination theory could act as a justification for labour laws. This would conceptualize labour laws as a set of measures that are designed to achieve a degree of ‘non-domination’ in the employment relationship. Labour law achieves this by introducing legal and policy controls limiting the employee’s dependence on his/her employer and restricting the arbitrary power imbalance inherent in the relationship between the employer and the employee. By serving to tone down the level of arbitrary decision-making vested in the employer, the dependency of the employee on the employer, and/or by counterbalancing the degree of power wielded by the employer, it was argued that procedural and substantive labour laws such as unfair dismissal/discharge, minimum wage laws, working time controls, and collective labour and trade union rights can be perceived as measures that are consistent with a legal framework designed to secure a degree of ‘non-domination’ of the worker. In this article, the various advantages of nondomination theory as a justification for labour laws are summarized before the discussion turns to a detailed assessment of the range of objections that can be levelled at such a justificatory framework. In particular, the accusation that it is not descriptively accurate as a model, nor normatively useful as a conception for labour laws, is subjected to greater scrutiny. The article concludes with the general proposition that although Pettit’s and Lovett’s non-domination model is insufficient to act as an abstract justificatory theory for labour laws, it can act as a driver for specific labour laws; and more specifically, for a particular conception or form of labour law that promotes a distinctive set of regulatory techniques, and vision of the role and function of the central notion of the contract of employment. The primary significance of this article rests in the insight that domination-based narratives of civic republicanism have the capacity to act as a bridge between existing individual, relational, autonomous, substantive and procedural accounts of the regulation of the law of the contract of employment and political philosophy: a ‘new normativity’, albeit one that is restricted in scope.
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Lutman, A., R. Vescovo, and P. Craievich. "Electromagnetic field and short-range wake function in a beam pipe of elliptical cross section." Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevstab.11.074401.
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Zagorodnov, Igor, Martin Dohlus, and Torsten Wohlenberg. "Short-range longitudinal wake function of undulator lines at the European X-ray free electron laser." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, September 2022, 167490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167490.
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Chizfahm, Amir, and Rajeev K. Jaiman. "Deep Learning for Predicting Frequency Lock-in of a Freely Vibrating Sphere." Physics of Fluids, November 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121630.
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We present a deep learning-based reduced-order model (DL-ROM) for the stability prediction of unsteady three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction systems. The proposed DL-ROM has the format of a nonlinear state-space model and employs a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM) cells. We consider a canonical fluid-structure system of an elastically-mounted sphere coupled with incompressible fluid flow in a state-space format. Specifically, we develop a nonlinear data-driven coupling for predicting the unsteady forces and the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) lock-in of the freely vibrating sphere in a transverse direction. We design an input-output relationship as a temporal sequence of force and displacement datasets for a low-dimensional approximation of the fluid-structure system. Based on the prior knowledge of the VIV lock-in process, the input function contains a range of frequencies and amplitudes, which enables an efficient DL-ROM without the need for a massive training dataset for the low-dimensional modeling. Once trained, the network provides a nonlinear mapping of input-output dynamics that can predict the coupled fluid-structure dynamics for a longer horizon via the feedback process. By integrating LSTM network with the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), we construct a data-driven state-space model for the reduced-order stability analysis. Using the reduced-order eigenvalue analysis, we characterize the vibrating sphere-wake lock-in phenomenon and demonstrate that the lock-in responds at preferred vibration frequencies. We study the eigenvalue trajectories for a range of the reduced oscillation frequencies and the mass ratios. Consistent with the full-order simulations, the frequency lock-in branches are accurately captured by the combined LSTM-ERA procedure.
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ShakoorI, Muhammad Asif, Mao-Gang He, Aamir Shahzad, and Misbah Khan. "Tuning the Structure and Transport Properties of Complex Plasmas Using Electric Field." Physica Scripta, November 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aca6b2.
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Abstract In this work, we explored the effects of uniaxial (Mz) and biaxial (Mxy) ac electric fields on the structure and transport properties of complex (dusty) plasmas (CDPs) using molecular dynamics simulations. Structures are analyzed using two diagnostic methods, one is lattice correlation function ψ() and the second is radial distribution function g(r) under the influence of Mz and Mxy, respectively. The Green-Kubo (G-K) method has been used to compute the shear viscosity (ηxy) in the Mxy ac electric field. The diffusive behavior of dust particles is investigated using G-K and Einstein methods in Mz. In the limits of the varying electric field, these properties of CDPs are accounted for an appropriate range of plasma Coulomb coupling (Γ) and constant Debye screening strength (κ = 0.50) parameters with different system sizes. The simulation outcomes of ψ() and g(r) indicate that the phase transition phenomena occur in CDPs with the variations of Mz, Mxy and Γ. The ηxy and diffusion coefficients significantly increase with increasing parallel electric fields. The subdiffusion motion for short-time behavior and superdiffusion motion for long-time behavior is observed in the presence of moderate to strong electric field strengths. It is revealed that the phase transition and changes in the transports properties of CDPs significantly depend on the strength of the external electric field and plasma parameter (Γ). Novel regimes are observed where CDPs quickly respond to the external electric field. Simulation results are outstanding in the combined effects of Yukawa and anisotropic wake potential on CDPs structural and transport properties. Simulation results demonstrate that the CDPs have electrorheological characteristics. Due to these unique properties, electrorheological CDPs may be used as a platform to study the electrorheological aspects of soft matter. There is a possibility that CDPs will be used as electrorheological material in the near future.
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Klusmeyer, Alex, Caleb Cross, Eugene Lubarsky, Oleksandr Bibik, Dmitriy Shcherbik, and Ben T. Zinn. "Prediction of Blow-Offs of Bluff Body Stabilized Flames Utilizing Close-Coupled Injection of Liquid Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 135, no. 1 (November 30, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007371.
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This paper describes the development of an empirical approach that attempts to predict blow-out of bluff body stabilized flames using global flow parameters in systems where liquid fuel injectors are located a short distance upstream of the wake. This approach was created on the hypothesis that flame stability in such a combustion system (referred to as a close-coupled injection) is determined by the strength of the heat source developed in the bluff body recirculation zone and by the availability of sufficient contact time with fresh mixture for its ignition, similar in nature to premixed combustion systems. Based on this concept, global equivalence ratio on the classical DeZubay stability map was replaced by local equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone of the bluff body. This local equivalence ratio was determined experimentally using a chemiluminescence measurement system. Tests were conducted using a single bluff body with a close-coupled injection system in a 76 × 152 mm (3 × 6 in.) combustion tunnel. A wide range of fuel–air ratios and velocities were achieved by variation of the global equivalence ratio, incoming flow velocity, and injector size. The obtained experimental dataset was used to develop a transfer function that allowed calculation of the local equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone based on the global flow parameters. Equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone was found to be exponentially dependent upon the square root of the fuel to air momentum flux ratio such that increasing the momentum flux ratio led to a reduction in the recirculation zone equivalence ratio. Additional adjustment of this general trend by the diameter of injector and air flow velocity was necessary to improve the quality of the prediction. The developed approach demonstrated a good prediction of the globally rich blow-out of the flame. In fact, the recirculation zone lean blow-out limit (corresponding with globally rich blow-out) predicted for close coupled injection using the developed transfer function closely coincided with the lean blow-out line of the classical DeZubay envelope and with results obtained with premixed injection using the same bluff body. On the contrary, globally lean (locally rich) blow-out was predicted ∼20% below the DeZubay rich blow-out line, possibly because of the limited range of the fuel flow rates on the experimental rig used.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Short-range wake function"
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Lutman, Alberto. "Impact of the wakefields and of an initial energy curvature on a Free Electron Laser." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3678.
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2008/2009For an X-ray free electron laser (FEL), a high-quality electron bunch with low emittance, high peak current and energy is needed. During the phases of acceleration, bunch compression and transportation, the electron beam is subject to radio frequency curvature and to wakefields effects. Thus, the energy profile of the electron beam can present a parabolic profile, which has important electromagnetic effects on the FEL process. The quality of the electron beam is also degraded by the interaction with the low-gap undulator vacuum chamber. In our work we first analyze this interaction, deriving a formula to evaluate the longitudinal and the transversal wakefields for an elliptical cross section vacuum chamber, obtaining accurate results in the short range. Subsequently within the Vlasov-Maxwell one-dimensional model, we derive the Green functions necessary to evaluate the radiation envelope, having as initial conditions both an energy chirp and curvature on the electrons and eventually an initial bunching, which is useful to treat the harmonic generation FEL cascade configuration. This allows to study the impact of the elecron beam energy profile on the FEL performance. Using the derived Green functions we discuss FEL radiation properties such as bandwidth, frequency shift, frequency chirp and velocity of propagation. Finally, we propose a method to achieve ultra-short FEL pulses using a frequency chirp on the seed laser and a suitable electron energy profile.
XXII Ciclo
1980
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Zhang, Bin. "Searching for Short Range Correlations Using (e,e'NN) Reactions." Washington, D.C : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Research ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2003. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/824928-2353Al/native/.
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Thesis; Thesis information not provided; 1 Feb 2003.Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "JLAB-PHY-03-38" "DOE/ER/40150-2762" Bin Zhang. 02/01/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
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"Improved Trial Wave Functions for Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations of Nuclear Systems and Their Applications." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.54799.
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abstract: Quantum Monte Carlo is one of the most accurate ab initio methods used to study nuclear physics. The accuracy and efficiency depend heavily on the trial wave function, especially in Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo (AFDMC), where a simplified wave function is often used to allow calculations of larger systems. The simple wave functions used with AFDMC contain short range correlations that come from an expansion of the full correlations truncated to linear order. I have extended that expansion to quadratic order in the pair correlations. I have investigated this expansion by keeping the full set of quadratic correlations as well an expansion that keeps only independent pair quadratic correlations. To test these new wave functions I have calculated ground state energies of 4He, 16O, 40Ca and symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density ρ = 0.16 fm−3 with 28 particles in a periodic box. The ground state energies calculated with both wave functions decrease with respect to the simpler wave function with linear correlations only for all systems except 4He for both variational and AFDMC calculations. It was not expected that the ground state energy of 4He would decrease due to the simplicity of the alpha particle wave function. These correlations have also been applied to study alpha particle formation in neutron rich matter, with applications to neutron star crusts and neutron rich nuclei. I have been able to show that this method can be used to study small clusters as well as the effect of external nucleons on these clusters.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2019
Books on the topic "Short-range wake function"
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van den Dool, Huug. Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.001.0001.
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This clear and accessible text describes the methods underlying short-term climate prediction at time scales of 2 weeks to a year. Although a difficult range to forecast accurately, there have been several important advances in the last ten years, most notably in understanding ocean-atmosphere interaction (El Nino for example), the release of global coverage data sets, and in prediction methods themselves. With an emphasis on the empirical approach, the text covers in detail empirical wave propagation, teleconnections, empirical orthogonal functions, and constructed analogue. It also provides a detailed description of nearly all methods used operationally in long-lead seasonal forecasts, with new examples and illustrations. The challenges of making a real time forecast are discussed, including protocol, format, and perceptions about users. Based where possible on global data sets, illustrations are not limited to the Northern Hemisphere, but include several examples from the Southern Hemisphere.
Book chapters on the topic "Short-range wake function"
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van den Dool, Huug. "Empirical Wave Propagation." In Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.003.0010.
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The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate that, given a long data set of global extent, one can design a simple forecast method called Empirical Wave Propagation (EWP), which has modest forecast skill and allows us to explore aspects of atmospheric dynamics empirically, most notably aspects that help to explain mechanisms of teleconnection. The highlight of this chapter are dispersion experiments where we ask the question what happens to an isolated source at t = 0? Even though Nature has never done such an experiment, we will address this question empirically. In case the reader does not need/want to know the technical details of deriving wavespeeds he/she can skip to page 22 (EWP diagnostics sct 3.2) of this chapter. We will also discuss the skill of one-day EWP forecasts, in comparison to skill controls like “persistence”, as a function of season, hemisphere, level and variable. While short-range (1 day) forecasts are certainly not the topic of this book, we note that the short-term wave propagation features described here do nourish and maintain the teleconnection patterns thought to be important for longer range forecasts. EWP uses either zonal harmonic waves (sin/cos pairs) along each latitude circle separately, or global domain spherical harmonics (see Parkinson and Washington (1986) for the basics on spherical harmonics). The orthogonal functions used here are thus analytical. The atmosphere is to first order rotation-symmetric and obviously periodic in the east–west direction, which makes the zonal Fourier transform a natural. Moreover, many weather systems, wave-like in the upper levels, are seen to move from west to east (east to west) in the mid-latitudes (tropics), so a decomposition in sin/ cos functions should inform us about phase propagation and energy dispersion on the sphere. For any initial time we decompose the state of the atmosphere into harmonic waves. If we knew the wave speed, and made an assumption about the future amplitude, we could make forecasts by analytical means. But how do we know the phase speed? One way to proceed, with data alone, is to calculate from a large data set the climatological speeds of anomaly waves. This is where the empirical aspects come in.
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Demir, Ersin, Hülya Silah, and Nida Aydogdu. "Electrochemical Applications for the Antioxidant Sensing in Food Samples Such as Citrus and Its Derivatives, Soft Drinks, Supplementary Food and Nutrients." In Citrus [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96873.
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Although there are many definitions of antioxidants, the most general description; antioxidants are carried a phenolic function in their structure and prevent the formation of free radicals or intercept from damage to the cell by scavenging existing radicals. Moreover, they are one of the most effective substances that contain essential nutrients for healthy individuals. The importance of these antioxidants, which have an incredible effect on the body and increase the body’s resistance, is increasing day by day for healthy individuals. Numerous studies have been carried out for antioxidants with excellent properties and however new, reliable, selective, sensitive and green analytical methods are sought for their determination at trace levels in food samples. Along with the latest developments, electrochemical methods are of great interest in the world of science because they are fast, reliable, sensitive and environmentally friendly. Electrochemical methods have been frequently applied to analyze antioxidant capacity in many nutrients samples found in different forms such as solid, liquid without any pretreatment applications in the last decade. Furthermore, these methods are preferred because of the short analysis time, the ability to lower detection limits, reduction in a solvent, high sensitivity, portability, low sample consumption, wide working range, and more economical than existing other traditional analytical methods. The antioxidant sensing applications by modern electrochemical methods such as cyclic, square wave, differential pulse, and combined with stripping voltammetric techniques were used to deduce antioxidant capacity (AC) in critical nutrients. Moreover, this chapter includes a description of the classification of electrochemical methods according to the working electrode type, dynamic working range, limit of determination (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), sample type, and using standard analyte and so forth for each voltammetric methods. While many articles applied for the determination of antioxidant sensing by electrochemistry have gained momentum in the last two decades, we focused on the studies conducted over the last 4 years in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Short-range wake function"
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Hoyer, Paul, and Stanley J. Brodsky. "Short range structure of hadron and nuclear wave functions at high X." In Particle production near threshold. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40364.
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Klusmeyer, Alex, Caleb Cross, Eugene Lubarsky, Oleksandr Bibik, Dmitriy Shcherbik, and Ben T. Zinn. "Prediction of Blow-Offs of Bluff Body Stabilized Flames Utilizing Close-Coupled Injection of Liquid Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69025.
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This paper describes the development of an empirical approach that attempts to predict blow-out of bluff body stabilized flames using global flow parameters in systems where liquid fuel injectors are located a short distance upstream of the wake. This approach was created on the hypothesis that flame stability in such a combustion system (referred to as a close-coupled injection) is determined by the strength of the heat source developed in the bluff body recirculation zone and by the availability of sufficient contact time with fresh mixture for its ignition, similar in nature to premixed combustion systems. Based on this concept, global equivalence ratio on the classical DeZubay stability map was replaced by local equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone of the bluff body. This local equivalence ratio was determined experimentally using a chemiluminescence measurement system. Tests were conducted using a single bluff body with a close coupled injection system in a 76×152mm (3×6 inches) combustion tunnel. A wide range of fuel-air ratios and velocities were achieved by variation of the global equivalence ratio, incoming flow velocity, and injector size. The obtained experimental data set was used to develop a transfer function that allowed calculation of the local equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone based on the global flow parameters. Equivalence ratio in the recirculation zone was found to be exponentially dependent upon the square root of the fuel to air momentum flux ratio such that increasing the momentum flux ratio led to a reduction in the recirculation zone equivalence ratio. Additional adjustment of this general trend by the diameter of injector and air flow velocity was necessary to improve the quality of the prediction. The developed approach demonstrated a good prediction of the globally rich blow-out of the flame. In fact, the recirculation zone lean blow-out limit (corresponding with globally rich blow-out) predicted for close coupled injection using the developed transfer function closely coincided with the lean blow-out line of the classical DeZubay envelope and with results obtained with premixed injection using the same bluff body. On the contrary, globally lean (locally rich) blow-out was predicted ∼20% below the DeZubay rich blow-out line, possibly because of the limited range of the fuel flow rates on the experimental rig used.
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Mollon, J. D. "There is more than one way of making you tritanopia." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mh1.
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Over a large range of stimulus conditions we can rely on the signals of our long- and middle-wave cones to sustain our visual discriminations. By comparison, there is a much more constrained range of conditions over which we obtain discriminable signals from the short-wave cones; and several stimulus parameters (e.g., luminance, duration, size, retinal locus) can be manipulated to make the normal observer behave like a tritanope. Some (following Farnsworth) have sought a single factor to account for these functional tritanopias, and indeed a factor underlying several of them may be the sparseness of shortwave cones, but it may be useful to distinguish at least four forms of functional tritanopia: (i) The complete tritanopia that arises from the absence of short-wave cones in the 20-min arc center of the foveola, (ii) The high detection threshold that results from the sparseness of short-wave cones in the rest of the retina. The absolute sensitivity of individual short-wave cones may be comparable with that of other cones, but spatial integration cannot extend the psychophysically measured sensitivity to low energies as it does for other cones, (iii) The spatial imprecision of the short-wave signals when the discriminanda are small juxtaposed fields, (iv) The saturation that can occur at a post-receptoral opponent site through which the short-wave signals pass.
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Bai, Xiao-Dong, Yun-Peng Zhao, Guo-Hai Dong, and Chun-Wei Bi. "Investigation on the Probabilistic Distribution of the Stress Range of Net Cage Floater of Fish Cage for Fatigue Life Prediction." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78760.
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The failure risk of fish cages has increased in the harsher environmental conditions as fish farms have moved into the open sea in recent years. Fatigue failure is an important limit state for the floating system of the fish cage under the long-term action of waves. This study is presented to investigate the applicable probability density function for estimating fatigue life of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floating collars. The stress response of the floating collars system in random wave is firstly analyzed based on the finite element analysis combined with a hydrodynamic model. The stress histories of floating collars under each sea state are counted using the rainflow method as a benchmark for fatigue frequency domain analysis. The distribution of stress range was fitted by various probability density functions including Rayleigh, Weibull, Gamma and generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. Comparisons of the estimated fatigue life using different distributions with rainflow statistic results were performed. Results indicate fatigue estimation based on the GEV and Gamma distributions by removing the negligible low stress range give much more accurate fatigue damage results of the short-term stress range distribution. While Weibull distribution overestimates the fatigue lifetime of the floating collar based on the short-term distribution of stress ranges.
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Xiao, Taoyun, Shuai Xu, and Jingxi Liu. "Fatigue Safety Assessment of LNG Carrier Based on Reliability Analysis." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20778.
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The procedure of reliability-based fatigue analysis of LNG carrier of membrane type under wave loads is presented. The stress responses of the hot-spots in regular waves with different wave heading angles and wave length are evaluated by global ship FEM. Based on the probabilistic distribution function of hot-spots’ short-term stress-range using spectral-based analysis, Weibull distribution is adopted and discussed for fitting the long-term probabilistic distribution of stress-range. Based on linear cumulative damage theory, fatigue damage is characterized by an SN relationship, and limit state function is established. Structural fatigue damage behavior of several typical hot spots of LNG middle ship section is clarified and reliability analysis is performed. It is believed that the presented results and conclusions can be of use in calibration for practical design and initial fatigue safety evaluation for membrane type LNG carrier.
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Llamera, Paul Hubert P., and Camille Joyce G. Garcia-Awitan. "Thermal Failure Analysis of Functional Failures by IR Lock-in Thermal Emission." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0164.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lock-in thermography (LIT), known as a powerful nondestructive fault localization technique, can also be used for microscopic failure analysis of integrated circuits (ICs). The dynamic characteristic of LIT in terms of measurement, imaging and sensitivity, is a distinct advantage compared to other thermal fault localization methods as well as other fault isolation techniques like emission microscopy. In this study, LIT is utilized for failure localization of units exhibiting functional failure. Results showed that LIT was able to point defects with emissions in the mid-wave infra-red (MWIR) range that Photo Emission Microscopy (PEM) with near infrared (NIR) to short- wave infra-red (SWIR) detection wavelength sensitivity cannot to detect.
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Spirit, D. M., G. E. Wickens, and L. C. Blank. "4x5Gbit/s optical time division multiplexed nonlinear transmission over 205km." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1991.ma4.
Full textAbstract:
In order to fulfil the demand for increasingly sophisticated and bandwidth intensive services, telecommunications operators will require flexible optical transmission networks which will operate at higher data rates than those installed to date. At present, the maximum data capacity of installed optical systems is limited by the bandwidth of the electronics in the terminal and repeater equipment (currently around 2.5Gbit/s). Optical wavelength [1] or time [2] division multiplexing techniques may be used to access data rates substantially over 10Gbit/s, offering a substantial increase in capacity. Both multiplexing techniques could be used in conjunction with switching in either the wavelength or time domains to allow increased network flexibility through, for example, the drop-and-insert function. Discrete erbium-doped fibre amplification is an excellent method of compensating for the loss of the transmission link, providing bit-rate independent amplification. However, the regenerative function of conventional opto-electronic repeaters is no longer available in fibre amplifiers: linear dispersion of the optical pulses now becomes a major system constraint. The availability of fibre amplifiers with excellent performance in the 1550nm window restricts the signal wavelength of optically multiplexed systems to this wavelength range, implying the use of dispersion-shifted transmission fibre. The operation of wavelength division multiplexed transmission with more than a few channels over fibre with low dispersion can lead to significant system penalties due to four wave mixing, even over fibre spans of less than 100km [3]. An alternative approach to ultra-high speed transmission is to use time division multiplexing, requiring a transmitter configuration based on short (≈ps) optical pulses. In this instance, nonlinear optical pulse compression in the transmission fibre may be used to advantage to significantly reduce (or even balance completely [4]) the linear dispersion of the optical pulses, permitting transmission well beyond the usual dispersion limit.
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de Mattiello, M. L. F., M. Maneiro, and S. Buglione. "Functional Analysis of myopias without central retinal degeneration." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.9.
Full textAbstract:
Recent publications 1 admit that “the myopic indexes in the industrial nations have increased and range from 20% to 80% in the U.S. and Europe, to up to 90% in the Far Eastern countries, depending on the age group and the professional population considered”. This increase has again arisen attention on this illness that may be corrected with optical aids and more recently with refractive surgery. In clinical practice, evaluation of myopia or its recovery is mainly, if not exclusively, made with the traditional visual acuity tests. Contrast tests are applied in some cases. However, the literature reports other functional disorders such as considerable variations in the accommodation ranges, chromatic vision defects, specially in colors of short wave lengths2 and alterations in adaptation to darkness3.
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Hammonds, James S. "Application of a Parabolic Wave Equation to Sub-Micron Thermal Radiation Analysis." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47262.
Full textAbstract:
Coordinate transformation of the homogeneous Helmholtz equation is applied such that, upon invoking the paraxial wave approximation, a parabolic wave equation is derived that is independent of the propagation vector, in the limit of wave transmission over very short distances. Thus, similarity solutions applicable to wavelengths in the UV and IR range can be calculated using this approach. This work proposes that these solutions are appropriate for analysis of thermal radiation at sub-micron distances from a surface, as interference effects are captured by this method. Furthermore, by employing a source tensor as the boundary condition, surface wave effects can also be accounted for. In this paper, the method is applied to a case where surface wave propagation is limited to one direction. The solution of the normalized amplitude field is shown to be equivalent to the Green function for thermal emission.
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Lee, J. H., S. Sarkar, S. Pinel, J. Papapolymerou, J. Laskar, and M. M. Tentzeris. "3D-SOP Millimeter-Wave Functions for High Data Rate Wireless Systems Using LTCC and LCP Technologies." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73127.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the development of three-dimensional (3-D) millimeter-wave functions in multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) technologies is presented for millimeter-wave compact and easy-to-design passive solutions for high data rate wireless systems. Both ceramic and organic technologies are candidates for the 3-D integration of system-on-package (SOP) miniaturized RF/microwave/millimeter-wave systems. LTCC has been widely used as a packaging material because of its process maturity/stability and its relatively high dielectric constant that enables a significant reduction in the module/function dimensions. As an alternative, LCP is an organic material that offers a unique combination of electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties, enabling high-frequency designs due to its ability to act as both the substrate and the package for flexible and conformal multilayer functions. A LTCC patch resonator filter that uses vertical coupling overlap and transverse cuts as design parameters has been designed to achieve a high level of miniaturization and a great compromise between compactness and power handling. Excellent agreement between the simulation and the measurement has been verified for two operating frequency bands (58–60GHz/38–40GHz) of RF communications and sensors for applications such as wireless broadband internet or inter-satellite communications. A band pass filter has been fabricated on LCP substrate, offering a very simple, low loss flexible and low lost filtering solution for wideband millimeter waves applications such as 60 GHz WLAN short-range gigabit wireless systems. The design exploits the ripple near the cut off frequency of Tchebysheff low pass filter to create a band pass response and it exhibits the insertion loss as low as 1.5 dB at the center frequency of 60GHz and 3-dB bandwidth of 16.7% (∼10 GHz).