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1
Tse, Pui-man, and 謝沛文. "Asset enhancement of shopping centres." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48343407.
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“It must be kept in mind that architects do not design malls for architects; they design them for developers and retailers that are interested in creating malls and other shopping centres to attract consumers and keep them coming back.”(Richards, 1990)
Concept of shopping centre (SC) originally emerged in nineteenth-century and the concept changes over time due to the ever-changing needs and perception from the customers. Shopping centre originated from an isolated and scattered of shops and developed into nowadays large commercial retail properties. They do not only provide leisure and entertainment for the public, but also a place of where provide business opportunity for investment and profit-making for the retailers and developers. However, any single property will be decayed and deteriorated over time. In order to upkeep the standard of the shopping centres, rehabilitation or renovation work has to be carried out in order to upgrade the appearance, facilities and equipment of shopping centres so as to maintain their attractiveness and competitive and keep customers coming back.
The research topic concentrates on the renovation projects carried out by The Link Real Estate Investment Trust (The Link REIT) inside public housing estates commercial properties after the privatization in 25 November 2005. After the privatization, renovation work of shopping centres becomes one of the main tasks of The Link REIT. Despite series of political pressure and criticism towards the management of The Link regarding their renovation work and rental policies, The Link REIT continues to expand their renovation projects to various public housing estates shopping centre. It provides a useful and interesting case to study the purpose of renovation on shopping centre.
The privatization is a divestment exercise of the Hong Kong Housing Authority (HKHA), over 180 retails and car park properties were sold to The Link. After seven years of operation, 25 shopping centres are completed with different scope of renovation work, while others are in various planning stages. Base on the shopping centre hierarchy definite by The Link REIT, 3 details case studies will be carried out. The studies compare the data and changes before and after the renovation work, analysis will be made to compare the operating result during HKHA era so as to examine whether The Link could achieve the purpose of their renovation projects.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
2
Reppling, Simon, and Tobias Tillander. "Optimizing Shopping Centres – A Case Study of Farsta Centrum." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191306.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine the possibilities for Farsta Centrum so they can increase their visitor count to avoid losing customers in favor of online shopping. It is investigated through several hypotheses that were formed. To accomplish this, a case study which consists of two parts has been completed. Firstly, a literature review was the basis for the hypotheses that investigates previous work concerning the subject. Secondly a questionnaire has been designed based on a standard model with attitude statements and a 7- point Likert scale. The questionnaire was then handed out to consumers as well as employees with a managerial role in the stores at Farsta Centrum. After this the answers were reviewed and analyzed based on average values. The results show that multi-channel shopping is not yet fully integrated with online shopping at Farsta Centrum. However other hypotheses were confirmed, for example that customer loyalty is important and that customers will prefer self-scanning. Therefore, two ways are presented to increase the visitor count to the center based on the results of the report. Firstly to pressure the stores to maintain a virtual store and secondly to force them to use self-scanning where appropriate.Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om och i så fall hur Farsta Centrum kan öka besöksfrekvensen för att undvika att kunderna istället handlar online. För att problemet ska kunna diskuteras har en fallstudie av centrumet utförts vilken består av två delar. Först har en litteraturstudie gjorts där tidigare forskningsrapporter och litteratur presenteras. Här ligger också grunden till hypotesformuleringarna. Del två är en enkätundersökning med attitydfrågor som ställts till konsumenter respektive butiksansvariga i Farsta Centrum. Konsumenterna har fått besvara frågor relaterade till bland annat handelsmönster, hur det digitala integreras i handeln eller självscanning. Frågorna är kopplade till hypoteserna och svaren har utvärderats med medelvärden. Skalan som användes var en 7-gradig Likertskala. I resultatet framgår att Farsta Centrum inte är i framkant av den digitala handeln än. Hemsidor och telefoner är inte det viktigaste för konsumenterna och därför behöver inga anpassningar utföras än. Dock framgår till exempel att köptrohet är viktigt såväl som att självscanning är attraktivt. Det finns därför två sätt för Farsta Centrum att förvalta på ett bättre sätt för att öka besöksfrekvensen till centrumet utifrån rapportens resultat. De kan sätta mer press på butikerna att också tillhandahålla en virtuell butik samt forcera butiker att använda sig av självscanning där det är möjligt och passande.
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Visser, Helouise. "Shopping centres : investigating the need for a regional shopping centre in Klerksdorp, City of Matlosana / H. Visser." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4386.
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The shopping centre was born in Europe and matured in North America, and it now
exists in cities with a wide variety of cultures and politics (Dawson, 1983: 1).
According to Casazza et al. (1985:1), the shopping centre is probably the most
successful land use, development, real estate, and retail business concept of the 20th
century.
According to Casazza et al. (1985: 2), the shopping centre is a specialised,
commercial land use and building type that previously thrived primarily in suburbia,
but today is found throughout the country. When using the term ?shopping centre?
accurately, a shopping centre refers to: ?A group of architecturally unified commercial
establishments built on a site that is planned, developed, owned and managed as an
operating unit related in its location, size, and type of shops to the trade area that it
serves. The unit provides on-site parking in definite relationship to the types and
total size of the stores? (Casazza et al., 1985: 2).
This study investigated the need for a new shopping centre in Klerksdorp. Therefore,
this study determined whether a new shopping centre in Klerksdorp would be viable.
Klerksdorp and its district are quite unique in certain ways, especially due to the
farming and mining activities that are found there. Klerksdorp provides goods and
services especially for the people residing in Klerksdorp itself, Kanana, Alabama,
Jouberton, Hartbeesfontein, Orkney, Vaal Reefs and Stilfontein. The main shopping
activity is generally found in the Central Business District (CBD) of Klerksdorp and its
surrounding areas. Klerksdorp has only one major shopping centre (the City Mall)
that provides goods and services for the people in an enclosed surrounding area.
This causes an over concentration in the CBD and too much traffic in an already
limited space. The need for Klerksdorp to provide a bigger centre for the citizens of
the town, as well as the surrounding areas, is high. Another regional shopping centre
close to Klerksdorp is found in Potchefstroom, namely the Mooirivier Mall, and mainly
provides in the extra shopping needs of the people living in Klerksdorp and its
surrounding areas. This study therefore determined whether there is a need for a
shopping centre from a retail and consumer point of view, and also whether it will be
viable. The empirical study revealed that approximately half of the respondents are not
satisfied with the current shopping centres in Klerksdorp and that more than half of
the respondents feel that the shopping centres do not cater for enough parking. The
study revealed that, from a consumer point of view, there is definitely a need for a
new shopping centre in Klerksdorp.
Urban-Econ Development Economists (2009: 56) concluded that the retail market
has been fairly buoyant, and although the effects of interest rate hikes and increased
inflation and global recession have become visible, fair growth is still expected in the
following years, once the economy starts to recover. This indicates that Klerksdorp
has a need for a new shopping centre, as 89,705 m2 GLA is available. This shows
that if a new shopping centre is built, the other shopping centres in Klerksdorp will
still be sustainable, and a new shopping centre will be sustainable and viable.Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
4
Tam, King-hong Johnny. "Enhancement of competitiveness of established regional shopping centres by effective marketing strategies : a case study of Dragon Centre /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40698099.
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Fung, Kit-ying. "A study of tenant mix planning of regional shopping centres and its implications." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895487.
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Choi, Luen-yan, and 蔡鸞恩. "Tenant mix planning in Hong Kong shopping centres." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194919.
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The successful factors of a shopping centre include the location, accessibility, design layout, tenant mix, internal environment and design, facilities provision. Many scholars argue on the successful factors of a shopping centre which are either the location or the tenant mix. According to Abratt et al. (1985), he mentioned the tenant mix was the most important determinant affecting the shopping centres.
Once the shopping arcade is strategically positioned in a prominent location with frequent contacts to shoppers and the public, tenant mix will become the next most critical factor to the success of the shopping centres. Since Hong Kong has a comprehensive and convenient transportation network, it reduces the significance of location for a successful shopping centre.
The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the importance of tenant mix and determinants of tenant mix in retail property management in Hong Kong shopping centre. The objective of this paper accounts for (1) the significance of tenant mix and (2) the most critical determinants of trade mix and (3) making suggestions for retail property management.
There is a case study conducted in Mira Mall. It mainly focus on several theories related to tenant mix planning. They included (1) Central Place Theory, (2) Retailer Agglomeration, (3) Store Choice Model, (4) Retail Demand Externalities and (5) Bid- Rent Theory. Literature review, interview with leasing manager and survey questionnaire are under studied in order to get the result. The sample for this study is taken in form of simple random sampling. Interviewees were drawn from the shoppers in Mira Mall. Their opinions would be summarized for the analysis of a well-balanced tenant mix.
The research result showed that a well-planned tenant mix is necessary and it can provide positive effects. It firstly identifies most of the customers’ needs for the area in forming the tenant mix. Anchor tenants are the most critical determinants which affected the patronage and choice of the shopping centre. It helps to generate positive retail demand externalities and differentiation. Secondly, tenant selection of other tenants to match with the anchor tenants is essential. In tenant placement strategy, landlord is suggested to use the strategy of homogenous agglomeration. Stores should avoid vicious competition, they should treat them as synergy effect among the trade area.
Meanwhile in order to adapt to the changing environment and survive in the market, frequent reviews of the existing tenant mix is important. This act could help the centre to keep competitive power among the competitors nearby. Once the strategy is successful, they will have a great return and benefits including the reinforcement in promoting the corporate image and goodwill for both the developers and the tenants. This creates a win-win situation.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
7
Doidge, R. A. "Service outlets in shopping centres : problems and policies." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354918.
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Tsang, Sau-kam Karmen. "Transport system and retail activities : shopping centres in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574948.
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Yuo, Tony Shun-Te. "The management of inter-store externalities in shopping centres." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401430.
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England, John Richard. "Retail impact assessment : a critical examination of its application in the planning process." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/602.
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RIA methodology has evolved over the last 30 years and has moved through several stages. At the same time there have been new directions in planning theory which have in turn influenced planning policy. Shifts have taken place in government policy towards retail development with changes in attitudes towards new forms of retailing, particularly in out-of-centre locations. A key issue in retail planning is whether major shopping developments have an unacceptable impact on existing town centres. In the mid 1990s this question has achieved high political profile and has become more significant because of growing public concern about the cycle of decline perceived in many town and city centres. Approaches to assessing retail impact have changed considerably over recent decades because of technical advances in planners' understanding of the retail system and through learning from past experience on the effects of new retail developments. But at the same time there has been a realisation that assessing the impact of a new shopping development is not simple; it is concerned with outcomes which cannot easily be predicted or quantified. Human behaviour and the retail system are too complex for retail impact assessment to be treated as a mechanistic exercise.
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Tsang, Sau-kam Karmen, and 曾秀琴. "Transport system and retail activities: shopping centres in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574948.
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Luo, Hu, and 罗虎. "Management of Hong Kong shopping centres attracting shoppers from China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48343055.
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The economic status in mainland China has developed rapidly for the past decade which has impacted positively on people’s financial situation, changes also occur due to more frequent economic corporation between Hong Kong and mainland.
For the objective Account for the different means of attracting mainland shoppers in Hong Kong Shopping center, different groups of mainland people they have different focus, for the gender category, female care about more on the Trade and tenant mix, Accessibility and visibility, Promotional activities, Customer experience and Rent fix, but male care about more on the Shopping centre’s environment and Management staff and service; for the Age category, there has not a rules for the preference of different age group; for the Education category, people has higher education level will concern more on the Trade and tenant mix, Promotional activities and Management staff & service; for the Income level, Trade and tenant mix, Shopping center environment and Management staff & service were concerned more by the people has higher income level , and people has lower income level is concern more on the Accessibility and visibility, according to the analysis of the different means of attracting mainland shoppers in Hong Kong Shopping center, the most important factor is even though for the mainland people ,for different kind of mainland people it should focus on different marketing strategies base on the above results.
For the second objective the impacts of rising number of mainland customers on the management of shopping center, First is the impacts due to the Core Elements, the overall positive impacts due to the rising number of mainland customers on the management of shopping center is it will increase the number of visitors and the sales revenue, the negative impact for this factor is shopping center need spend more money and time on the transportation cost of the mainland customer by providing free shuttle or refund the transportation cost, Second is the impacts due to Controllable variables in the internal environments, the overall positive impacts is to increase the revenue of the shopping center in a short term at the same time make the shopping center has a good reputation in a long term, the negative impact for this factor is the shopping center need consume more money to hire a facility and design team, Third is the impact due to Uncontrollable variables in the external environments, the positive impact is it will make the quality of the shopping center better than before and shopping center may have chance to seize a change to attract more mainland customers, but the negative impact is they may lose their advantage soon and failure in the future and need to spend time and to find a better way to educate the mainland people in order to make the shopping center more orderly.
So the overall impact due to the increase mainland customer is positivepublished_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
13
Baharum, Mohamad Rizal. "Recycling initiatives in UK shopping centres : factors critical to success." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6121/.
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Waste management of UK shopping centres must contend with operational performance, variable levels of landlord or corporate financial support, escalating costs of recycling programs and disposal charges for landfill. Recurrent critics challenge the economic prudence and environmental benefit of recycling, which has made it a central component in their businesses. This means that facilities management (FM) plays an imperative role to ensure that shopping centres manage the environmental aspect of their solid waste streams in a comprehensive, cost-effective and responsible manner. Considering the importance of FM success in business, this research introduces the relevance of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in shopping centre recycling operations research that combined both recycling and critical success factors theory and research. This thesis explicated the FM position inherent in the shopping centre business operation and offers an improved understanding of the environmental aspect of solid waste recycling focused on the UK shopping centre population. By introducing a recycling implementation success framework, the study also demonstrates the use of the appropriate management skills of the current recycling variables have an impact for the success of shopping centre recycling. As previous research relating to this subject has largely been based on case studies, hence the main aim of this research is to investigate the critical factors related to the implementation success of solid waste recycling between the UK shopping centres. An empirical investigation through mixed-methods research was selected as the appropriate research technique. The assessment of practices using the recycling implementation success (performance) framework was carried out through series of interviews and a macro level survey as key methods for generation of research data. Based on this framework, the research concentrates on the cause-effect relationship between critical factors and self-reported of recycling implementation success. Correlation analysis reveals the extent of the critical success factors implemented by these organisations. Further analysis demonstrates the differences between the critical factors which have the effect on over recycling implementation success. In essence, adhering to the various levels of implementation presented will ensure that shopping centre organisations can derive the maximum benefit from recycling initiatives and that the decision-making process as well as the actions regarded as critical are taken into consideration. Finally, this research provides recommendations from both a theoretical and practical point of view.
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Khangembam, Vikram. "Impact of e-commerce on speciality stores in categorised shopping centres." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/386543.
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The upsurge of online shopping usage in Australia is putting pressure on the shopping centres to remain competitive. Shopping centres need to differentiate themselves from online shopping by facilitating instant gratification, social interaction and shopping convenience. To do so, shopping centres may need to extend trading hours. However, retail trading hours in Australia are regulated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the need for full deregulation of trading hours by investigating the frequency of consumers’ leisure shopping activity during extended trading hours and its influence on the performance of the independent speciality stores within a shopping centre.
This research investigated the impact of online shopping on consumer in-store browsing behaviour and the performance of the independent speciality stores in different sized shopping centres. The main anchor tenants (e.g., Kmart, Myer) mostly draw consumers into the shopping centre, therefore independent specialty stores usually rely on consumers’ in-store browsing behaviour in order to promote their products and services. In addition, browsing is an important facet of leisure shopping activity.
The literature on consumers’ browsing behaviour in relation to the performance of independent speciality stores within a shopping centre is highly limited. Thus, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive investigation of consumer in-store browsing behaviour to increase our understanding of the phenomenon. Furthermore, online shopping has the potential to have a negative impact on consumer browsing behaviour within a shopping centre especially during weekday late evening trading hours, largely because of consumers’ employment status. Therefore, this research also focused on weekday late evening trading hours.
To facilitate the investigation of the impact of e-commerce on speciality stores in categorised shopping centres, this research was underpinned by four distinct fields of literature: 1) consumer browsing behaviour; 2) retail trading hours; 3) The Huff Gravity Model; and 4) The Technology Acceptance Model. A single case study was employed to examine the impact of e-commerce on independent speciality stores. The single case study was supported by a mixed method research approach that included two focus groups discussions, one personal interview with one shopping centre manager and a questionnaire survey of 287 respondents.
This research found consumers were usually goal oriented during weekday late evening trading hours and they would usually engage in browsing in-stores only when they require customer assistance. This research was also able to utilise the causal relationship between customer assistance and independent speciality stores to determine consumers’ demand for shopping in independent speciality stores during extended trading hours. Moreover, consumers’ seeking customer assistance are likely to obviate the use of online shopping. Overall, this research suggests that the independent speciality stores are unlikely to experience an increase in sales or attract more customers by extending the trading hours.
This research offers valuable insights into the potential opportunities of combining both the physical and online stores for independent small and medium enterprise retailers. For example, in order to succeed in combining both the physical and online store, the provision of short-term leasing in shopping centres is essential. The combination of short-term leasing in shopping centres and efficiency in e-commerce can enhance the capability of independent small and medium enterprise retailers to successfully trade beyond a particular trade area or geographical location. It is essential for small and medium enterprise retailers to venture beyond the trade area of the shopping centre in order to enhance the chances of surviving for a long term period. The main reason is that consumers’ shopping frequency at independent speciality stores within a shopping centre is irregular as consumers usually purchase speciality products every once in a while.
The results of this study are a validated instrument to measure the impact of online shopping on shopping centre patronage and in-store browsing behaviour during extended trading hours. Furthermore, the results also indicate a successful combination of the four distinct fields of literature: 1) consumer browsing behaviour; 2) retail trading hours; 3) the Huff Gravity Model; and 5) the Technology Acceptance Model. This theoretical contribution has resulted in the combination of the Huff Gravity Model and the Technology Acceptance Model for the first time. Including the theoretical ideas/concepts of consumer browsing behaviour, choice overload and customer assistance during restricted trading hours in the study has allowed a novel contribution of combining Huff’s Gravity Model and the Technology Acceptance Model to study consumers’ leisure shopping activity/experience during extended trading hours. The theoretical contribution of this research also enables shopping centres and independent speciality stores to determine the need for increasing the frequency of extended trading hours.
This study makes an important step in understanding the demand for independent speciality stores in categorised shopping centres during the extended trading hours. Moreover, by addressing the gap in the current literature pertaining to consumers’ in-store browsing behaviour and by identifying the current lack of understanding of the performance of independent speciality stores in categorised shopping centres, the study provides pathways for shopping centre development that will be better informed in the future.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Tam, King-hong Johnny, and 譚景康. "Enhancement of competitiveness of established regional shopping centres by effective marketing strategies: acase study of Dragon Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009478.
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Almgren, Anders, and Viktor Haggren. "Market shares of regional shopping centres with proximity to an IKEA warehouse : IKEA Centres Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211206.
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This master thesis focuses on regional shopping centre’s market shares. It is written in cooperation with IKEA Centres that provided data regarding their shopping centres and funds for the gathering of statistics. The research question for the study is: What level of market share is valid for regional shopping centres in close proximity to an IKEA warehouse? In order to answer this question as accurate as possible the study is designed as a case study. The case is implemented on three different shopping centres, owned by IKEA Centres, with similar locations and market areas. The three shopping centres that are selected as subject centres in the study are Birsta City in Sundsvall, I-Huset in Linköping and Erikslund Shopping Center in Västerås. The case is focused on the regional shopping centres isolated and do not include the IKEA furniture store. The first part of the study concerns the delineation of the subject centres’ primary- and secondary market area. This is done using Reilly’s Law based on the prerequisites of the specific shopping centre. By using this method breaking points or borders of the market areas can be defined and located based on the calculated driving time. To be able to calculate the potential market shares for the centres, the buying power segmentation method is used. The statistics are bought from Statistics Sweden and concerns mainly the number of households in the market areas and their disposable income. The market share is calculated by comparing the potential buying power of the households and the actual sales in the shopping centres. The results of the conducted study regarding the market share in the total market area is that Birsta City has a significant larger market share (60%) than the two other centres that the study concerns. I-Huset (17% market share) and Erikslund Shopping (25% market share) are located in regions with a higher population and more competition, the authors see this as the main factor to the difference in the market share. Results regarding market shares in different categories of goods are also presented. The three subjects’ centres offer several different collections of items. All centres have a large market share in the fashion segments that are offered, a wide tenant mix in combination with the target groups is seen to be an effecting factor.Denna masteruppsats fokuserar på ämnet regionala shoppingcenters och dess marknadsandel. Uppsatsen är skriven i samarbete med IKEA Centres vilka har bidragit med data angående köpcentren samt medel för inköp av statistik. Studiens frågeställning är: Vilken marknadsandel har regionala köpcenter där ett Ikeavaruhus finns i närheten? För att besvara denna frågeställning på bästa sätt är studien utformad som en fallstudie. Fallstudierna är implementerade på tre olika shopping center i liknande läge och med likvärdiga marknadsområden. De tre köpcentrumen vilket är utvalda som ämnescenter i studien är Birsta City i Sundsvall, I-Huset i Linköping och Erikslund Shopping Center i Västerås. Forskningen är baserad på shopping centret och berör inte IKEAs möbelvaruhus. Den första delen av studien behandlar avgränsningen av köpcentrumens primära och sekundära marknadsområden. Avgränsningen är utförd med Reilly’s Law baserad på de specifika köpcentrets förutsättningar. Genom att använda den här metoden definieras brytpunkter och gränser för marknadsområdet kan avgränsas med hjälp av den beräknade körtiden. För att sedan beräkna köpcentrets marknadsandel används metoden ”Buying power segmentation method”. Statistiken som används är köpt från SCB och berör huvudsakligen antalet hushåll i marknadsområdena samt dess disponibla inkomst. Marknadsandelen är beräknad genom att jämföra den potentiella köpkraften hos hushållen med den faktiska försäljningen i köpcentren. Resultatet av den utförda studien rörande marknadsandelar av den totala marknaden är dels att Birsta City har en betydligt större marknadsandel (60%) än de två andra undersökta köpcentren. I-Huset (17% marknadsandel) samt Erikslund Shopping (25% marknadsandel) är belägna i regioner med högre invånarantal och större konkurrens. Författarna ser detta som en avgörande faktor till skillnaden i marknadsandel jämfört med Birsta City. Resultat angående marknadsandelar i olika kategorier av varor är också presenterade. De tre studerade köpcentren erbjuder ett brett utbud av produkter. Samtliga center har en stor marknadsandel i kategorier rörande kläder & mode. Den breda hyresgästmixen samt målgruppen för köpcentren antas vara påverkande faktorer till detta.
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Lam, Yuen-man Bonnie, and 林婉文. "Explaining the variations in the pedestrian flow values of shopping centres." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47277385.
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Previous studies suggest that pedestrian flow in shopping centers is one of the key determinants of shopping centre rent. Much emphasis in shopping center management has focused on strategies to increase pedestrian flow. However, increase in pedestrian flow may be different impact on rental value in different shopping centres. Furthermore, pedestrian flow cannot be increased without costs and that such costs often increase at an increasing rate as pedestrian flow increases. The financial benefit (increase in rental value) due to increase in pedestrian flow is not the same for different shopping centres. Therefore, it may not always be beneficial to spend resources on increasing pedestrian flow. To determine an optimal strategy for managing pedestrian flow in a shopping center, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect the value of pedestrian flow to the owners of the shopping malls which is coined in this research as Pedestrian Flow Value (PFV) which is measured by net rental income per floor area per pedestrian flow. This study identifies the key determinants of PFV based on literature review, interviews and theoretical deduction. Based on rental and pedestrian flow survey data of 146 shopping malls along the stations of one of the most important mass transportation system in Hong Kong, i.e the Mass Transit Railway (MTR), we have estimated the marginal effects of these determinants on PFV. These determinants explain almost 90% of variations in PFV across shopping centres along the MTR line. We found that shopping malls owned by the same owners tend to achieve a lower PFV, which suggests that owners of multiple shopping malls may tend to adopt a uniform pedestrian flow management strategy that may not be optimal for each individual mall.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Kwok, Yee-mei. "A study of consumer expectation on design features of shopping centres in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35808597.
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Chui, Fung-ching Iris. "The determinants of renovation frequencies an empirical study of shopping centres in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2004. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37928442.
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Moretti, GianPiero. "Entre globalisation et réalités locales : centres commerciaux et formes urbaines à Los Angeles, Montréal et Paris = Between globalization and local realities : shopping centers and urban forms in Los Angeles, Montreal and Paris." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85023.
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Since the end of World War II, the shopping center has been diffused as a building type through the western world and has acquired a central role in suburban territories. It is perceived as a "standardized" building and as the product of the process of economic globalization. Most of the time, the shopping center is conceived on the basis of regional considerations, and so it presents difficult connections with the surrounding urban tissues. Even if it contributes in an important manner to the life of suburbia, it is an introverted building that has limited relationships with exterior spaces.The thesis, through an analysis of the shopping centre in the United States, Canada and France, wants to shed light on the progressive emergence of its form and spatial characteristics in those countries. This comparative study underlines the mechanisms of diffusion of the shopping center paradigm developed up in the United States and the consequences of its transfer in the other contexts. The morphological and longitudinal analysis of shopping centers located in the Los Angeles, Montreal and Paris metropolitan areas aims to evaluate the influence of the local context on the emergence of specificities related to this building type, to the urban tissues containing it, and to their respective evolution over time.
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Lablanche, Chrystelle. "La création d’un centre commercial." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD030/document.
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Pousser un caddie dans les allées d'un supermarché. Peser soi-même ses fruits et légumes. Avoir le choix entre plusieurs marques pour un même article. Ce sont des gestes que nous effectuons quotidiennement, presque par automatisme. Toutefois cela n'a pas toujours été le cas et il est curieux de constater à quelle vitesse le mode de vie des français a changé. Cette recherche a pour objet d'étudier le lien qui s'est noué entre le droit et la grande distribution. Le cœur de ce travail se situe au niveau du processus de création du centre commercial. Ce centre névralgique de notre société consumériste est l'objet de nombreux débats tant juridiques, que politiques ou économiques. Cette recherche permet de faire le constat de l'état de la législation aujourd'hui concernant la grande distribution. Au-delà de l'intérêt que ce travail représente pour toute personne intéressée par les rouages du fonctionnement d'un centre commercial, cette étude permet également d'analyser de façon subsidiaire les multiples changements de volontés politiques vis-à-vis de ce géant économique que représentent les acteurs de l'ombre de la grande distribution. Tantôt aidée par le législateur, tantôt freinée, l'exorbitante multiplication des centres commerciaux demeure une réalité qui fit et fera toujours couler beaucoup d'encre; derrière ce fait, se cachent des enjeux non négligeables tels que la désertification des centres villes, la disparition des producteurs locaux, la mondialisation ou bien encore la question du pouvoir d'achat des françaisPushing a trolley along the lines of a supermaket. Weighing alone fruits and vegetables. Having a choice between various brands for a given item. These are actions that we do daily, almost automatically. However this has not been always the case and it is quite surprising to see how the behaviour of french people has changed. This work is aimed at studying the connection which has grown between law and department stores.The core of the present work lays in the process of creation of a shopping center. This critical center of our consumerist society is a subject for various discussions, either juridical or political as well as economical.This research work enables an appreciation of the present condition of the law applied today to department stores.Beyond the interest of this work for anyone liking to know more about the opérations of a shopping center, this study enables also to analyse subsidiarily the many changes affecting the political decisions, vis a vis an economical giant, built by the shadowy actors of the department stores.In some cases being helped by law makers, in other cases being slowed down the exorbitant growth of the number of shopping center is a fact which led to a lot of writings.Behind this fact are hidden various important stakes such as desertification of town centers, extinction of local producers, world wide operations, or the level of the buying power of french people
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Fung, Sau-yim. "Planning and development of shopping centres along the East Rail : implications to the retail development in the West Rail of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22359953.
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Steffen, Adrienne. "Affective reactions to critical experiences in shopping centres; a mixed-method approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510867.
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Koo, Yiu-wai. "A study of the importance of signage on the popularity of shopping centres /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40697630.
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De, Villiers Garth Elroy. "An investigation of the criteria that create optimum tenant mix synergy in shopping centres." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011658.
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The shopping centre has evolved into an integral part of modern day society. New generations especially are unable to imagine a world without shopping centres. In 2008 a world wide economic down turn emphasized the competition to attract a buying market to shopping centres, some centres thrived and some centres struggled. The need to understand what creates these different responses to highly competitive scenarios is discussed in this study, with particular attention given to the tenant mix that exists in different shopping centres. Criteria that determine an optimum tenant mix are examined and the constraining factors are discussed. A literature review of shopping centres is discussed and the evolution of the shopping centre to our current day understanding of the term shopping centre is examined. Accepted definitions and categorisations of shopping centres along with a brief history of the shopping centre, as revealed by the literature, is presented. To create a tenant mix the body of tenants needs to be divided into sub- categories and various ways to achieve this are examined. The objectives of this study are to determine what strategic approaches to managing the tenant mix exists in the literature and what factors determine the formulation of this mix. Furthermore the study examines to what extent these or other strategic approaches are used in practice and finally makes recommendations to promote the optimum tenant mix in shopping centres. A literature review was conducted to determine what the theory reveals about the shopping centre industry. This was followed by an empirical survey conducted in the Port Elizabeth area of the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Finally the findings and theory were compared to make conclusions and suggest recommendation to achieve synergy in shopping centres through a optimum tenant mix.
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Au, Pui-shan. "An evaluation of service quality of shopping centres in Hong Kong : a case study of the Grand Century Place /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38027525.
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Cafuta, Oskar. "The Death And Life Of Great Shopping Centres : Effect of consumerism on public urban space." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254552.
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As the world is speeding towards the future that is perceived as desirable, this project looks into trends of shaping the future of consumerism. With the growth of capitalism, particularly after First Industrial Revolution,
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Fung, Kit-ying, and 馮潔英. "A study of tenant mix planning of regional shopping centres and its implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895487.
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Koo, Yiu-wai, and 古耀偉. "A study of the importance of signage on the popularity of shopping centres." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009259.
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Tai, Yuen-ting, and 戴婉婷. "Shopping centres and on-street shops : the benefits to developers and local shoppers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207639.
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Shopping is a daily necessary activity to most of the people in Hong Kong. From the old days when people went shopping in the bazaars to the recent days when most people go shopping in shopping centres, the dominant mode of shopping changed. The effects brought by different kinds of shopping facilities to people are worth studying. It is not difficult to observe the trend that old retail developments in old districts are mainly shopping streets while new retail developments in new towns are mainly shopping centres. Some voices from the public are pushing the retaining of old street shops and old street cultures despite the property developers tend to build shopping centres in their new projects.
The benefits from shopping streets and shopping centres to shoppers and developers have been studied in this dissertation by empirical and conceptual background study, survey to shoppers and shop operators and information provided by property agents and employees of private developers. From socialization point of view, the comprehensive tenant mix and comfortable shopping environment in shopping centres attract shoppers to stay longer in shopping centres than in shopping streets which increase the chance of interaction among shoppers thus improve their level of social lives. However, the stability of shops and shop operators in shops at shopping streets is beneficial to building up community strength within the neighbourhood. The relationships among shoppers and shop operators and among shop operators in shopping streets are stronger than that in shopping centres.
For the benefits other than socialization aspect, shops in shopping streets provide cheaper goods due to the relatively lower rents and lower overhead costs in shopping streets while shopping centres provide better accessibility and better facilities due to their better management. For the benefits to developers, developing shopping centres is beneficial to them in the ways of increasing their rental income when leasing retail premises and boosting the selling prices of residential properties where shopping centre is a bundle of the development.
In some of the projects of official organizations, such as Urban Renewal Authority, we can see that benefits from these two shopping facilities can be merged together. For example, the design of shopping streets and the buildings around and setting up greenery areas along shopping streets can improve the air-conditioning problem and improve the attractiveness of staying to shoppers. Private developers also introduced old shops to their shopping centres. Product prices of old shops remain the same in shopping centre as in shopping streets. However, the relationship among shoppers and shop operators cannot be copied easily even if the old shop signs are the same. Time is needed for building the strength within a community.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Knuppertz, Alexander. "Shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur: internationalised structural change of the Malaysian retail market." Berlin mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993024106/04.
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Sheikh, Fazeelat Aziz. "The revival of Main Streets in Shopping Centres : Simulacrum or the real deal?" Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263743.
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There has been a continual emergence of shopping centres in the 21st century. In recent years the prevailing shopping centres have been designed as an indispensable part of city centres having all the urban elements and qualities of traditional streets in combination with convenience, commercial efficiency, and high functioning design. The evolving shopping malls are challenged to add diversity to the range of shopping facilities and add on to the new experience keeping up with the ever-changing trends in society. This study aims to investigate if shopping malls are over-managed consumer spaces embedded in privatisation and commercialisation, thus creating a hindrance for true public spaces to emerge, or do they have a possibility of becoming a real public realm with true public spaces. Two case studies of shopping centres provided valuable insights on how stakeholders pursued planned public spaces in shopping centres and how the public perceives them. The placemaking model, highlighting the fundamental rights in a public space by covering the tangible and intangible aspects, has been central to this research. The results indicate that the malls should integrate more into the cities. They should focus on incorporating adaptive flexibility with the diversity of usage inclusive of changing demographics and increased urbanisation, which means a greater need for public spaces for mingling and congregation.Det har skett en ständig uppkomst av köpcentra under 2000-talet. Under de senaste åren har de rådande köpcentrumen utformats som en oumbärlig del av stadskärnan med alla urbana inslag och kvaliteter av traditionella gator i kombination med bekvämlighet, kommersiell effektivitet och hög fungerande design. De utvecklande köpcentrana utmanas att lägga till mångfald i utbudet av shoppingfaciliteter och lägga till den nya upplevelsen som följer de ständigt föränderliga trenderna i samhället. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om köpcentra är överhanterade konsumentutrymmen inbäddade i privatisering och kommersialisering, och därmed skapa ett hinder för att verkliga offentliga utrymmen dyker upp eller har de en möjlighet att bli en riktig allmänhet med verkliga offentliga utrymmen. Två fallstudier av köpcentrum gav värdefull insikt om hur intressenter förföljde planerade allmänna utrymmen i köpcentra och hur allmänheten uppfattar dem. Platsframställningsmodellen, som belyser de grundläggande rättigheterna i ett offentligt rum genom att täcka de konkreta och immateriella aspekterna, har varit centralt i denna forskning. Resultaten indikerar att köpcentra bör integreras mer i städerna. De bör fokusera på att integrera anpassningsbar flexibilitet med mångfalden av användning inklusive förändrad demografi och ökad urbanisering, vilket innebär ett större behov av offentliga utrymmen för mingling och församling.
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Wu, Kit. "An evaluation of the agency management scheme for Hong Kong Housing Authority shopping centres." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22358559.
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Tsui, Chin-wang Chris. "An empirical analysis of the retail tenant mix of general shopping centres in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969264.
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Cheung, Kei-hang, and 張基恆. "Evaluation on essential elements of operating shopping centres in public housing estates in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44400482.
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Wu, Kit, and 胡傑. "An evaluation of the agency management scheme for Hong Kong Housing Authority shopping centres." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894124.
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Al, Waer Husam. "Regional shopping centres in the UK : sustainability indicators and application of an assessment model." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435321.
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Gouws, Andries. "Location assessment of independent jewellery retailers : analysis of Cape Town metropolitan regional shopping centres." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95608.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Regional shopping centres play an important role in the South African economy, especially by providing location services to retailers (large and small) and non-retailers. One of the main value propositions of regional shopping centres is to attract a large number of customer footprint to a central location where a group of retailers can market and sell to a larger customer market. Independent retail jewellers have numerous channel options available, in South Africa the preferred channel for independent jewellery retailers is a physical retail outlet within regional shopping centres. The purpose of this research is to determine the value proposition quality of Cape Town Metropolitan regional shopping centres as a preferred location to independent retail jewellers. The location value proposition analysis was performed by evaluating a set of location criteria as prescribed by available literature. Furthermore, this research also explores the antecedents of relationships and trust between shopping centre management and independent retail jewellers. This research followed a mixed-method approach and the focus is a sample of regional shopping centres and independent retail jewellers within the Cape Town Metropolitan area. Information was gathered through interviews by using structured questionnaires, which was prepared from literature on location value assessment criteria for shopping centres, relationship management and building trust within relationships. The research shows that although regional shopping centres are the preferred channel for independent retail jewellers there are some location value proposition elements that require improvement. A key concern for shopping centre management should be the imbalance in power created by contractual agreements that mostly favour regional shopping centres. This imbalance in power negatively influences relationships and trust between shopping centre management and independent retail jewellers. Furthermore, the feedback from independent retailer jewellers is that rental costs charged for location services are miss-aligned to the value received from these services. This study is limited that it only surveyed regional shopping centre management and independent retailer jewellers within the Cape Town Metropolitan area in South Africa. The limited scope and focus of this study confines the generalisability of this study for other types of retailers and / or other metropolitan areas within South Africa. The value of this study is that it tested location criteria from international literature within the South African context and set the foundation for future research, which is currently limited in South Africa.
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Musa, Zairul N. "Determining the best options for facilities management (FM) service delivery in UK shopping centres." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6117/.
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There are a number of FM service delivery models ranging from in-house provision to total outsourcing, operating in the UK market. The portfolio of FM services and the range of options relating to the various combinations of service delivery have sparked many discussions and debates over the merits of certain modes of service delivery. Underpinning this circumstance, this research attempted to understand and explore how facilities management services in UK shopping centres have been managed and services delivered. This includes looking at how shopping centre managers determined the best options of FM service delivery in the shopping centres. As the research identified the dilemma of shopping centre managers, it aimed to develop an effective decision-making framework for assisting the shopping centre managers to select the best options of FM service delivery prior to the tendering process. This research adopted a quantitative approach to investigating facilities management services in UK shopping centres as well as determining the best options of FM service delivery. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the current practiced of FM service delivery in UK shopping centres. Apart from that, it will also investigate shopping centres managers' perceptions towards the factors and criteria in assessing the best options of FM service delivery. Meanwhile, in developing the decision-making framework, this research introduced the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an alternative decision-making model as providing a basis of methodological framework for the selection of the best options of FM service delivery in UK shopping centres which is known as Facilities Management Outsourcing Selection System (FMOSS). The implementation and validation of this decision-making framework has been carried through the series of evaluation by using the pair wise comparison in the Expert Choice system and evaluation form. Those evaluations have been carried out by the selected shopping centres managers. The main findings of this research have identified that in UK shopping centres the current provisions of FM services in the majority are practicing outsourcing. In the meantime, the current options available of FM service delivery being practiced are single service contracts and bundled service contract. Based on FMOSS decision-making framework the results indicated that bundled service contract is the best option of FM service delivery in UK shopping centres. This is because bundled service contracts have resulted more in potential benefits and less in potential risks when compared to single service contracts. The factors that influenced the decision-making are favourable on cost and financial factors. Finally, this research has achieved the aim and the objectives of the study. This research has significance in helping the facilities management industry to understand more about the perceptions of shopping centres industry and theirs requirements towards FM services in shopping centres in order to deliver quality, innovative, cost effective and best in value services. A side of that, the FMOSS decision-making framework has significance in assisting the shopping centres managers in making the best selection of FM service delivery in shopping centres prior to tendering process; it is also provides the basis for a methodological framework for selecting the best options of FM service delivery in UK shopping centres and gives management of shopping centres an alternative approach to determine the best options of FM service delivery as well as improving their existing decision making process. This framework is identified as an original contribution of this research and would be beneficial to the shopping centres managers in making better decisions.
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Tam, Chi-chung Clayton. "Striving for excellence a study of total quality management and its applications in enhancing the value of shopping centres in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577445.
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Henderson-Smith, Barbara, and n/a. "From Booth to Shop to Shopping Mall: Continuities in Consumer Spaces from 1650 to 2000." Griffith University. School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040618.134501.
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This thesis sets out to evaluate the role of consumer spaces in twentieth-century daily life. It is not concerned with the act of consumption but rather with the ways in which the social, cultural and educative role of the retail spaces is used as a marketing tool. The links that have been established between civic and commercial space over the last three hundred years are charted in order to locate the reasoning behind the growing tendency to design shopping malls as social and cultural spaces in the twentieth century. Three principal benefits to developers of the retails spaces from the promotion of consumer spaces as public spaces are identified in the thesis. First, links between the public and commercial developed to encourage potential customers into a particular retail space as opposed to its competition. Second, consumer spaces are developed as social and leisure spaces to encourage consumer loyalty. That is, they are developed as a means of encouraging repeat visits. Third, they are developed as a tactic to keep potential shoppers in the retail space for a longer duration. The logic behind this strategy being the more time spent in a consumer space the more goods purchased. The origins of this merchandising practice are traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries well before the advent of the department store form. The thesis located a number of strategies developed in the seventeenth century by tradesmen and merchants to sell their wares. At this time, it is evident that the consumer space was opened up to the public who were encouraged to enter without the obligation to purchase. Further, it is evident that, by the eighteenth century, shopkeepers and manufacturers' workshops included showrooms where potential customers could sit and take tea. Public spaces were also designed within the retail space so that potential customers could see and be seen. British shopkeepers often linked the retail space with the social practice of promenading by strategically situating their premises in an already established thoroughfare or site used for promenading. By the late eighteenth century, consumer spaces housed entertainment facilities such as art galleries, exhibitions and lounging rooms. After tracing the development of this merchandising strategy to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the links that can be made between twentieth-century consumer spaces is examined. In addition, the early developments of shopping centres in the 1940s and 1950s are surveyed and their developmental logic and merchandising strategies are compared with more recent forms of shopping malls developed from the 1970s and 1980s.
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Henderson-Smith, Barbara. "From Booth to Shop to Shopping Mall: Continuities in Consumer Spaces from 1650 to 2000." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367834.
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This thesis sets out to evaluate the role of consumer spaces in twentieth-century daily life. It is not concerned with the act of consumption but rather with the ways in which the social, cultural and educative role of the retail spaces is used as a marketing tool. The links that have been established between civic and commercial space over the last three hundred years are charted in order to locate the reasoning behind the growing tendency to design shopping malls as social and cultural spaces in the twentieth century. Three principal benefits to developers of the retails spaces from the promotion of consumer spaces as public spaces are identified in the thesis. First, links between the public and commercial developed to encourage potential customers into a particular retail space as opposed to its competition. Second, consumer spaces are developed as social and leisure spaces to encourage consumer loyalty. That is, they are developed as a means of encouraging repeat visits. Third, they are developed as a tactic to keep potential shoppers in the retail space for a longer duration. The logic behind this strategy being the more time spent in a consumer space the more goods purchased. The origins of this merchandising practice are traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries well before the advent of the department store form. The thesis located a number of strategies developed in the seventeenth century by tradesmen and merchants to sell their wares. At this time, it is evident that the consumer space was opened up to the public who were encouraged to enter without the obligation to purchase. Further, it is evident that, by the eighteenth century, shopkeepers and manufacturers' workshops included showrooms where potential customers could sit and take tea. Public spaces were also designed within the retail space so that potential customers could see and be seen. British shopkeepers often linked the retail space with the social practice of promenading by strategically situating their premises in an already established thoroughfare or site used for promenading. By the late eighteenth century, consumer spaces housed entertainment facilities such as art galleries, exhibitions and lounging rooms. After tracing the development of this merchandising strategy to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the links that can be made between twentieth-century consumer spaces is examined. In addition, the early developments of shopping centres in the 1940s and 1950s are surveyed and their developmental logic and merchandising strategies are compared with more recent forms of shopping malls developed from the 1970s and 1980s.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies
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Shalchi, Marzieh. "The Emergence of Shopping Centers and the Synchronic Continuity of the Tajrish Traditional Bazaar : A Comparative Study of the Tajrish Traditional Bazaar and the Ghaem and Tandiis Modern Shopping Centers (Tehran) and their Relationship." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814273.
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The invasion and succession in cities is a phenomenon that affects the functions of thebazaar. Heavy traffic in downtown areas, air pollution in cities, the transformation of thestructure of economic activities, the flow of immigrants on the market, the transfer of certainfunctions of the bazaar to commercial companies and etc all this has created problems forthe bazaar. In the present decades, "Bazaar" has faced a new and distinguishable rival in Iran.Every day "Shopping Centers" are spreading all over regions in Iranian cities. They are as asymbol of the extension of consumerism and the occurrence of a consumer society andglobalization. These places represent youth subcultures and cultural challenges against thehegemony at national level. Will the bazaar tolerate and survive these changes, or has italready been eliminated from the urban cycle? Will it coexist with this urban monument orwill it be eliminated?
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Ma, Kwan-pok. "A study of the effectiveness of ISO 9000 quality management system in the management of shopping centres in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40698014.
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Tsui, Chin-wang Chris, and 崔展宏. "An empirical analysis of the retail tenant mix of general shopping centres in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969264.
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Lai, Yuen-kwan, and 黎婉筠. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009363.
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Lai, Yuen-kwan. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988442.
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Freitas, Henrique José Serrano Costa. "Case study: a negotiation between a shopping center and a retailer." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11822.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe main purpose of our project consisted in analyzing a real negotiation between a shopping centre and a retailer, which took place in the Spanish market. Through its analysis and by studying different approaches to a negotiation, we were able to understand negative aspects as well as identify several improvement opportunities. We concluded that having a package-deal approach, where parties attempt to link all variables brought to the discussion, is crucial for the creation of value is this sort of negotiation. Additionally, we developed a case study to be used on Negotiation analysis courses as a tool to introduce differences between single and multiple-issue negotiations. The case study was also developed in order to understand how the discussion could have been conducted more effectively, leading parties to achieve a mutually beneficial deal.
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Tam, Kwok-hung, and 談國雄. "An evaluation of service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in shopping centres in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44401929.
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Tang, Wing-chung Henry, and 鄧榮聰. "The influence of tenant mix planning on the patronage of neighborhood shopping centres in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44402053.
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