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Journal articles on the topic 'Shooting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Altheimer, Irshad, Lonnie M. Schaible, John Klofas, and Michelle Comeau. "Victim Characteristics, Situational Factors, and the Lethality of Urban Gun Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 8 (June 12, 2016): 1633–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516652264.

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The objective of this study is to hone in on the contextual, social, and individual characteristics that influence lethal outcomes across shootings. Although most criminological research focuses on differential outcomes for gun violence relative to nongun violence, we argue that great insight can be drawn through examining shootings in isolation. We focus on five ways that shooting outcomes vary: the number of shots fired, the number of times the victim was hit, where the victim was hit, the number of victims that were hit, and whether the shooting resulted in a fatality. Building on the adversary effects hypothesis and public health research on the impact of gunshot wound volume and location, we examine the factors that account for variation across shooting outcomes. Our analysis of data from the Rochester Shooting Database suggests that both adversary effects and random factors influence shooting outcomes. In addition, the results also reveal that adversary effects are more important during some stages of a shooting than others. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Phillips, Scott W., Dae-Young Kim, Greg M. Drake, and Irshad Altheimer. "Implementing a stand-alone investigative unit to clear non-fatal shooting cases." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paab074.

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Abstract This research contributes to the small but growing body of scholarship examining non-fatal shooting cases. This study is particularly important considering the recent increase in the number of shooting incidents in the USA, and the fact that there are often many more non-fatal shooting cases than fatal outcomes. The Buffalo Police Department developed a specific investigative unit focusing exclusively on non-fatal shootings with the expectation that this would allow one group of detectives to focus on all homicides, while the other group focused exclusively on non-fatal shootings. Data from the Buffalo Police Department included both fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents, and an interrupted time series analysis was used to determine if there was an increase in the number of cases cleared by arrest. Results indicated that the implementation of the specific investigative unit did not influence clearances for non-fatal shootings. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, the numbers of clearances for homicides in the post-intervention period were significantly lower than those in the pre-intervention period. Two conclusions are offered. First, the non-fatal shooting unit was not structured in a way that mimicked a homicide unit, thus lacking the resources to clear non-fatal shooting cases. Secondly, separating investigative units created a ‘silo effect’ where the units may not have communicated enough on similar incidents.

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Boczkowski, Arkadiusz. "Acoustic Modelling of Sport and Hunting Shooting Ranges in the Aspect of Shaping Noise Emissions Into the Environment." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0027.

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AbstractThe article deals with the problem of acoustic modelling of sport and hunting shooting ranges for the purposes of carrying out acoustic impact assessments on the environment. The fashion for recreational shooting and the dynamic development of shooting ranges resulted in conflict situations between the shooting range and the residents. Increasingly, the condition for allowing the shooting range to be used is to carry out an acoustic analysis to confirm the lack of noise nuisance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop guidelines for acoustic modelling of shooting ranges, taking into account their purpose and types of shooting axes. Each of the shooting axes is designed for a different type of shooting and thus has different acoustic characteristics. In the article, the author presents a method of modelling noise emissions from the shooting range on the example of one of the popular shooting competitions which is the hunting trap. First, acoustic measurements of the unit noise source related to the firing of shots by a firearms shooter were made. Then the directional characteristics of this source were determined, the shooting axis of the “hunting trap” type was modelled during a typical shooting competition and its directionality was determined. Then, on the example of a specific shooting range, the possibility of using the results to analyse the propagation of noise into the environment during typical shootings on the trap axis was presented.

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Runasari, Rellya, and Isdaryono Isdaryono. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran dan Koordinasi terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Bola Basket." Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga (JPJO) 2, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v2i1.337.

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This aim of research to: 1) the impact of individual learning model and group learning model towards basketball shooting skill, (2) high coordination impact and low coordination towards basketball shooting, and (3) learning interaction model and coordination basketball shooting skill. The research populations are 44 basketball students club in SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. The research samples are 24 students with purposive sampling. All of the data in this research is taken by test and measurement towards coordination of throw and catch test also the result of shooting with shooting skill test of basketball. The data analysis technique used is the variant analysis ANOVA. The result of this research shows: (1) there is an individual learning model and group learning model towards basketball shooting, (2) there is high influence and low influence towards shooting skill on basketball, and (3) there is interaction learning model and coordination over shooting skill on basketball. Keywords: Learning Model, Coordination, Basketball, The Result of Shootin

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5

Shytle, Elizabeth. "Trends in Pro-Gun Control Tweets Surrounding a Mass Shooting Event Suggest Time-Dependent Changes in Public Response." Georgetown Scientific Research Journal 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48091/gsr.v2i2.33.

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Over the period from May 25, 2015 to May 25, 2018, there were 1,296 mass shootings recorded around the United States. This article evaluates overall public support for gun regulation before and after a major mass shooting. Big data that accounted for outliers and other potential skewing points were included from Twitter. 250 Tweets that occurred immediately before, immediately after, or two weeks after a major mass shooting were analyzed. The Tweets were restricted to include at least one of the following hashtags (#): secondamendment, neveragain, shooting, NRA, guncontrol, gunviolence, and 2A. The Tweets were categorized as pro-gun control, anti-gun control, or neutral, defined by operational definitions. It was hypothesized that there would be more Tweets that opposed gun control 1-7 days before each mass shooting but fewer Tweets that opposed gun control 72 hours after each mass shooting. Three days (72 hours) after a major mass shooting, there was a significant decrease in the number of anti-gun control Tweets posted compared to 1-7 days prior to the shooting. There was also a significant increase in the number of anti-gun control Tweets 14-21 days after the mass shooting compared to 72 hours after the shooting, implying that the content of Tweets after two weeks was similar to the content before the shooting occurred.

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6

Joseph, Justin J., and Christoper W. Purser. "An Examination of the Role of Perpetrator’s Relationship to Overall School Shooting Casualties." Laws 12, no. 4 (August 18, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws12040073.

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High-profile school shootings in recent years have fueled fear and uncertainty among stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers, and students) and the public debate on gun control legislation nationwide. These fears are reflected in the public discourse and the academic community, which focuses their investigation on rampage school shootings. To address this gap in the empirical literature, the current study’s goal is twofold: (1) to contribute to the descriptive understanding of school shooting characteristics; and (2) address the gaps in the extant literature through examining the perpetrators relationship with the school on the total number of victims during a school shooting incident. Secondary data analysis was performed on the K-12 School Shooting database (K-12 SSDB). A negative binomial and descriptive analysis were conducted on the K-12 School Shooting database, established by the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center for Homeland Defense and Security (CHDS) in 2018, which has been recently updated to reflect recent incidents. The findings and policy implications of the findings are discussed in detail in the manuscript.

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7

Brown, Carleton H. "Perceptions of School Counselors Surviving a School Shooting." Professional School Counseling 22, no. 1 (January 2018): 2156759X1985325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19853250.

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School counselors have an ethical and professional responsibility to offer counseling services during crises such as a school shooting. Limited research has explored the lived experiences and practices of school counselors who have experienced a school shooting. This article discusses a qualitative case study investigating school counselors’ experiences related to school shootings and presents implications for school counselors.

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8

Afanasiev, V., O. Shapovalov, and O. Shapoval. "RESEARCH OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING LASER SIMULATORS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS." Collection of scientific works of the National Academyof the National Guard of Ukraine 2, no. 36 (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2409-7470/2020/2/36/223549.

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Currently, there are a number of approaches to learning to shoot small arms. The main ones are: the classic method of training shooters and the modern method of training shooters using innovative technical means of training. In order to study the effect of using a laser shooting simulator in the educational process in comparison with the classical method of training, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental study was conducted with 9-mm Makarov pistols with two controlled groups of servicemen, who have approximately the same level of fire training, but each group was trained in different training methods. The first group learned the technique of firing a pistol using an interactive laser shooting range "Ruby" under the guidance of a fire training instructor. The second group trained under the guidance of a teacher according to the classical method, using training pistols. After the end of each stage of preparation, control shootings were carried out. Control firing with groups was carried out in the multimedia interactive shooting range "Ingul" for combat weapons. The results of the shooting show that the number of unsatisfactory grades of the first group was 2.5 times less than in the second group, which studied according to standard methods. The rest of the evaluation indicators are approximately the same and the difference between them is insignificant. Such a large difference in unsatisfactory assessments is explained by the fact that the first group at the initial stage of training saw the visual results of their shooting and had the opportunity to correct errors in shooting technique during training. Such timely correction of shooting technique errors with visual display of shooting results in real time and repetition of the exercise with information about the number of hits and misses forms solid skills of high-speed shooting. This is evidenced by twice as many excellent scores obtained by the first group comparing to the second group during the control shootings in the second stage of the experiment. Thus, the study showed that the use of modern technical learning tools based on interactive multimedia technologies increases the positive results of shooting by 15 - 20% and allows: ‒ increasing the number of students in the school by 1.5 times; ‒ reducing the time for training shooters by 2 times, ‒ reducing the consumption of ammunition to perform exercises of initial and combat shooting by 2.5 times.

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9

Vith, Johannes Walter. "Remaking Columbine." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i1.43.

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High school shootings in the United States generally receive enormous amounts of journalistic coverage and thus spark a lot of public interest. However, the topic appears to be taboo for mainstream cinema, and there are barely any films about real-life school shootings. This article seeks to show that Gus Van Sant's Elephant (2003) is both an enlightening exception to this seeming contradiction and an interesting response to the popular narratives surrounding the Columbine High School shooting of 1999. The film is not only unique in its portrayal of a real-life school shooting but also in the way that it approaches the topic. There are three important processes that make this depiction of the Columbine High School shooting so powerful: remaking, remediating, and reflecting. First, Van Sant's film is a remake of Alan Clarke's 1989 film of the same name. Clarke's film depicts several incidents of gun violence in Northern Ireland without any commentary, and Van Sant employs the same techniques in his film about gun violence at a school. Second, the film critiques the discourse around the shooting, as it remediates video games for its filmic rhetoric. Lastly, Gus Van Sant de-narrativizes the shooting and creates a reflective space for the audience. These three aspects all influence the film's storytelling and cinematography, which aim at promoting reflection rather than providing a straightforward narrative.

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Hatakeyama, Tomofumi, and Hiromi Mochiyama. "Shooting Manipulation." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2010.5 (2010): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2010.5.456.

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11

McPhedran, Samara. "Australian Mass Shootings: An Analysis of Incidents and Offenders." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 12, 2017): 3939–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517713226.

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Mass shooting events are relatively underresearched, and most study comes from the United States. Despite significant international interest, little is known about other countries’ experiences of these events. The current study examines Australian mass shooting incidents and offenders, with emphasis on mental illness, life strains, and offenders’ life histories. Australia had 14 mass shootings between 1964 and 2014. Most offenders experienced acute life stressors and/or chronic strains leading up to the event; however, diagnosed mental illness was less commonly documented. These observations provide new information about mass shooting incidents and offenders, and can help to inform international policy development.

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Li, Zhongrui, Ying Zeng, Jun Shu, Defu Heng, Rongkai Zhang, Li Tong, Runnan Lu, and Bin Yan. "Neural Markers of shootig performance: An explore of EEG frequency features during aiming." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.559.

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The frequency-domain characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) during shooting used to evaluate and improve shooting performance has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, neural markers that can be effectively and stably used to characterize various shooting performances remain unclear. In this study, a real shooting experiment was designed to study the effective EEG neural markers for different shooting performances. EEG data were obtained during the aiming period,the frequency domain characteristics such as spectrum, power spectrum, and differential entropy corresponding to Delta wave, Theta wave, Alpha wave, Beta wave, and Gamma wave were extracted respectively. Classical statistical analysis and machine learning methods were used to investigate the effectiveness of the characteristics. The results revealed that the overall energy of the EEG signals was low and stable for the participants with excellent shooting performance. The differential entropy feature of the gamma band as a effective neural marker had achieved the best classification accuracy of 74.91% throughout the aiming period. The results verified that the brain state of shooters is stable and their brains exhibit higher cognitive information processing efficiency during accurate shootings. The feasibility of using EEG neural markers to evaluate shooting performance is a novel avenue for the selection and performance evaluation of high-performance shooters.

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13

Reingle Gonzalez, Jennifer M., Stephen A. Bishopp, Katelyn K. Jetelina, Ellen Paddock, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, and M. Brad Cannell. "Does military veteran status and deployment history impact officer involved shootings? A case–control study." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): e245-e252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy151.

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AbstractBackgroundDespite veterans’ preference hiring policies by law enforcement agencies, no studies have examined the nature or effects of military service or deployments on health outcomes. This study will examine the effect of military veteran status and deployment history on law enforcement officer (LEO)-involved shootings.MethodsTen years of data were extracted from Dallas Police Department records. LEOs who were involved in a shooting in the past 10 years were frequency matched on sex to LEOs never involved in a shooting. Military discharge records were examined to quantify veteran status and deployment(s). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of veteran status and deployment history on officer-involved shooting involvement.ResultsRecords were abstracted for 516 officers. In the adjusted models, veteran LEOs who were not deployed were significantly more likely to be involved in a shooting than non-veteran officers. Veterans with a deployment history were 2.9 times more likely to be in a shooting than non-veteran officers.ConclusionsMilitary veteran status, regardless of deployment history, is associated with increased odds of shootings among LEOs. Future studies should identify mechanisms that explain this relationship, and whether officers who experienced firsthand combat exposure experience greater odds of shooting involvement.

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14

Barnard, Leslie M., Erin Wright-Kelly, Ashley Brooks-Russell, and Marian E. Betz. "Characterization of Mass Shootings by State, 2014-2022." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 7 (July 26, 2023): e2325868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25868.

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15

Alexander, Bree. "God and Guns." Social Work & Christianity 47, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v47i2.97.

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Responses to school shootings nationwide have been varied. While prevention and intervention have been a primary focus for many public schools, healing through faith has been less communicated in the public. Many survivors and stakeholders have publicly ridiculed overtly spiritual responses to school shootings that minimize action needed to address the issue, citing that policy change and improved safety precautions in schools are the primary ways in which change will occur. However, multiple recent suicides of individuals who experienced the effects of a school shooting, suggest that healing from trauma should also be a main priority after a school shooting. This study explores the role of faith and religion with trauma intervention in the aftermath of school shootings. The article uses case study data to discuss the methods by which faith can be a resource for healing from trauma after school shootings.

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Rencken, Camerin, Alice Ellyson, Isaac Rhew, Carol A. Davis, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar. "51 School Shootings and Mental Health in the United States." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (April 2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.62.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: It is estimated that 357,000 children have experienced a school shooting since 1999, yet due to limitations in the firearm violence field broadly, the sequalae are not well understood. The objective of this work is to examine the mental health impacts of school shootings, providing insight into the lasting effects of firearm violence on our communities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will first conduct a quasi-experimental study using controlled interrupted time series with repeated cross-sectional data to assess school shootings’ impact on US mental health. School shooting data is from the K-12 School Shooting Database, and mental health data will be collected via the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Second, we will conduct focus groups with community organizations, school administrators, and the public. Interview guides will be developed to explore the mental health impacts of school shootings, to guide the quantitative results interpretation, and assess educational materials’ usefulness. Qualitative analysis will occur in NVivo software with codebook refinement through thematic analysis. Results will be triangulated through convergence coding. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This research is situated within the context of the pervasive mental health challenges in the US, where mental illness poses significant health, social, and economic burdens. Thus, we anticipate finding an association between school shootings and decreased self-reported mental well-being among US adults. Literature suggests that there may be a stronger association among specific subgroups, such as parents with school-aged children or individuals living in close proximity to such incidents. We expect to find heterogeneity in the effect estimate based on school shooting attributes, such as the number of casualties. Through focus groups, we anticipate furthering our comprehension of the broad-ranging effects of school shootings on less quantifiable outcomes and the unique trajectories of recovery. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This project will contribute needed information on the impact of school shootings and mental health and assist in reducing the frequency and impact of school shootings. Furthermore, we aim to extend our findings beyond the scientific community, translating them into educational resources advocating for policy and public health interventions.

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Hu, Jiayi. "The Gun Policy, Crime Rate, and Public Attitudes In the U.S." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2023): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230172.

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This paper shows the connection between gun policy and crime rate and the public attitude towards the gun policy after a mass shooting and discusses how to prevent gun shootings in the United States. We found that there is less connection between gun policy and crime rate. Mass shootings are highly related to the death rate. The publics attitude also relates to mass shootings and gun policy. By studying the papers of others, we found that gun policies have a powerful impact on American society, especially after significant shootings. People's attitudes towards gun policy will change after a principal shooting, whether by gun owners or non-gun owners, but the change will not last long. At the same time, different states under different parties will have different ways of implementing gun policies. Many investigators have suggested that the federal government should strengthen background checks on applicants to prevent mass shootings. Gun policies need to be more strictly enforced, not only by the government but also by communities and individuals within their spheres. This has a more noticeable effect on preventing large-scale shootings.

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Rossin-Slater, Maya, Molly Schnell, Hannes Schwandt, Sam Trejo, and Lindsey Uniat. "Local exposure to school shootings and youth antidepressant use." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (September 8, 2020): 23484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000804117.

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While over 240,000 American students experienced a school shooting in the last two decades, little is known about the impacts of these events on the mental health of surviving youth. Using large-scale prescription data from 2006 to 2015, we examine the effects of 44 school shootings on youth antidepressant use. Our empirical strategy compares the number of antidepressant prescriptions written by providers practicing 0 to 5 miles from a school that experienced a shooting (treatment areas) to the number of prescriptions written by providers practicing 10 to 15 miles away (reference areas), both before and after the shooting. We include month-by-year and school-by-area fixed effects in all specifications, thereby controlling for overall trends in antidepressant use and all time-invariant differences across locations. We find that local exposure to fatal school shootings increases youth antidepressant use by 21.4% in the following 2 y. These effects are smaller in areas with a higher density of mental health providers who focus on behavioral, rather than pharmacological, interventions.

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OSMAN, KHAIRUL, MOHD NAJIB SAM, GLENNA TAN JIE YEE, MOHD ZULKARNAIN EMBI, AHMAD ZAMRI MD REJAB, GINA FRANCESCA GABRIEL, and NOOR HAZFALINDA HAMZAH. "The Effects of Close-Range Firearm Shooting on the Structures of Resak, Seraya, and Balau Fishing Vessels." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2023-2102-06.

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The incidence of close-range firearm shootings on fishing vessels in Malaysia has been increasing every year. The challenge faced by law enforcement agencies is to demonstrate how these shooting crimes are carried out. To address this problem, a model of shooting angles and ricochets within a confined space needs to be constructed. This study examines the effects of shooting with the CZ 75 SP-01 Shadow semi-automatic pistol, manufactured by the Czech Republic, using 9mm FMJ bullets weighing 7.45 grams on three types of wood commonly used in fishing vessel construction: Resak, Seraya, and Balau. The factors of shooting distance (1, 3, 5, and 10 meters), shooting angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°), ricochet angles, and the type of wood material (Resak, Seraya, and Balau) are investigated. The results indicate that only 114 out of 432 shots resulted in ricochets. Shots on Resak wood produced several bullet ricochets at shooting angles of 15° and 30° and a distance of 1 meter. An equation model relating ricochet angles and successful shots was developed. For Seraya wood, only a few ricochets were observed at a shooting angle of 15° and a distance of 1 meter, and statistical tests showed that an equation model could not be constructed. For Balau wood, an equation model relating ricochet angles and shooting distance was successfully established. Validation tests on the Resak and Balau wood models showed that the Resak model achieved an accuracy of 90%. However, the Balau wood model did not yield any reliable results and thus cannot be trusted. In conclusion, the three factors examined are insufficient to explain bullet ricochet occurrences when shooting is performed at close range in an enclosed space.

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Wang, Hongxing, Hang Zhou, Haoran Liu, Zheng Huang, and Mingduan Feng. "Research on Determining the Inspection Point of Multirotor UAV Power Tower." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8894055.

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During the inspection process of power pole towers, manual positioning is mainly used to select the shooting viewpoints of the drone, which leads to erroneous viewpoint selection and inaccurate shootings of inspected objects. Also, neglecting the effect of the sun’s backlight on photographs contributes to poor photo quality that does not meet inspection requirements. Aiming at the selection of shooting viewpoints during multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles’ inspection on power poles, this paper proposes an automatic positioning method that determines the shooting viewpoints by considering UAV performance, airborne camera parameters, and the size of objects to be measured. Considering the factors of sun illumination, we optimize the method to ensure the positions of the viewpoints and to ensure that the images can be clearly generated so that the observers can check the power pole towers through the images when shooting is also taken into consideration. Finally, the automatic calculation method of the related viewpoints is implemented in the Java language. Experiments show that the method can accurately obtain the positions of the drones’ viewpoints and reduce the number of viewpoints, which significantly improves the efficiency and quality of inspection shooting.

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Guggenheim, Lauren, S. Mo Jang, Soo Young Bae, and W. Russell Neuman. "The Dynamics of Issue Frame Competition in Traditional and Social Media." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 659, no. 1 (April 9, 2015): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215570549.

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This study examines the dynamics of the framing of mass shooting incidences in the U.S. occurring in the traditional commercial online news media and Twitter. We demonstrate that there is a dynamic, reciprocal relationship between the attention paid to different aspects of mass shootings in online news and in Twitter: tweets tend to be responsive to traditional media reporting, but traditional media framing of these incidents also seems to resonate from public framing in the Twitterverse. We also explore how different frames become prominent as they compete among media as time passes after shooting events. Finally, we find that key differences emerge between norms of journalistic routine and how users rely on Twitter to express their reactions to these tragic shooting incidents.

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Darr, Terry. "Book Review: Black Lives Matter: From a Moment to a Movement." Reference & User Services Quarterly 59, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.59.1.7237.

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The Black Lives Matter movement began as a social media hashtag (#BlackLivesMatter) by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullers, and Opal Tometi to bring awareness when George Zimmerman was acquitted in the fatal shooting of Tayvon Martin in 2012. It gained momentum in 2014 after the police shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, with nationwide protests against the growing pattern of police-involved shootings of unarmed African American men. Social media has allowed the movement to organically grow by sharing videos, observations, and information.

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Barao, Lisa, Anthony A. Braga, Brandon Turchan, and Philip J. Cook. "Clearing gang- and drug-involved nonfatal shootings." Policing: An International Journal 44, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2021-0011.

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PurposeClearance rates for nonfatal shootings, especially cases involving gang- and drug-related violence, are disturbingly low in many US cities. Using data from a previously completed project in Boston, we explore the prospects for improving gang/drug nonfatal shooting cases by investing the same investigative effort found in similar gang/drug gun murder cases.Design/methodology/approachOur analyses primarily focus on a sample of 231 nonfatal shootings that occurred in Boston from 2010 to 2014. Logistic regressions are first used to analyze differences in the likelihood of case clearance for gang/drug nonfatal shooting cases relative to other nonfatal shooting cases. Independent samples t-tests are then used to compare the investigative characteristics of these two different kinds of nonfatal shootings. Next, independent samples t-tests are used to compare the investigation of gang/drug gun assaults relative to the investigation of very similar gang/drug gun homicides.FindingsResults demonstrate that the odds of clearing gang/drug nonfatal shootings are 77.2% less likely relative to the odds of clearing nonfatal shootings resulting from other circumstances. This stark difference in clearance rates is not driven by diminished investigative effort, but investigative effort does matter. Relative to gang/drug gun assaults, gang/drug gun homicides have much higher clearance rates that are the result of greater investigative resources and effort that produces significantly more witnesses and evidence, and generate more forensic tests and follow-up investigative actions.Originality/valueGang- and drug-related violence generates a bulk of urban nonfatal shootings. Low clearance rates for nonfatal shootings undermine police efforts to hold offenders accountable, disrupt cycles of gun violence, and provide justice to victims. Police should make investments to improve investigative effort such as handling these cases with the same vigor as homicide cases.

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Słania, Anna. "War and Peace Journalism in Mass Shootings Coverage - Case Study of a School Shooting in the U.S. Uvalde." Horyzonty Polityki 14, no. 48 (September 29, 2023): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/hp.2432.

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Research objective: Analysis of the problem of using the theory of war and peace journalism in reporting mass shootings in the American media on the example of a school shooting in Uvalde. Problem and methods: The article answers the question whether theories about war and peace journalism can be helpful in the analysis of media coverage of mass shootings. The text analyzes how the leading media broadcasters in the U.S. (CNN and Fox News) use war- and peace-oriented mechanisms. The article uses research methods standard for social sciences and humanities, including content analysis with elements of framing analysis, comparative analysis and the case study. Process of argumentation: The starting point for the research was the theories on war and peace journalism by Johan Galtung. The reason for undertaking the research was also the record number of mass shootings in the U.S. in 2021 and the significant importance of the Uvalde shooting in the American public debate on gun control in 2022. The article focuses on the first week of coverage of the shooting. Results: American media use war journalism more often. Coverage is influenced by ideological profile and political affiliation. Political issues and the reconstruction of events come to the fore. Contexts such as victims, solutions, roots of the problem or fate of the perpetrator are discussed less frequently. The shooting in Uvalde became an instrument in the political conflict in which the media took part. Conclusions, innovations, and recommendations: War journalism mechanisms favor media polarization in bipartisan conflict conditions and help show sensational events in a 24-hour cycle. In turn, the mechanisms of peace journalism support reporting on the perpetrator, victims and potential solutions. The article intends to increase awareness of various ways of publicizing extraordinary events and political conflicts and serve for more profound research in the future.

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Bowling, Jessamyn, Erika Montanaro, Sarai Guerrero Ordonez, Sean McCabe, Shayna Farris, Neielle Saint-Cyr, Wade Glaser, Robert J. Cramer, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, and Annelise Mennicke. "Coming together in a digital age: Community twitter responses in the wake of a campus shooting." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 28, 2022): e0279569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279569.

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Campus mass shootings have become a pressing policy and public health matter. Twitter is a platform used for processing events among interested community members. Examining the responses of invested community members to a mass shooting on a college campus provides evidence for how this type of violence affects the immediate community and the larger public. These responses may reflect either content (e.g. context-specific) or emotions (e.g. humor). Aims Using Twitter data, we analyzed the emotional responses as well as the nature of non-affective short-term reactions, in response to the April 2019 shooting at UNC Charlotte. Methods Drawn from a pool of tweets between 4/30/19-5/7/19, we analyzed 16,749 tweets using keywords related to the mass shooting (e.g. “shooting,” “gun violence,” “UNC Charlotte”). A coding team manually coded the tweets using content and sentiment analyses. Results Overall, 7,148 (42.67%) tweets contained negative emotions (e.g. anger, sadness, disgust, anxiety), 5,088 (30.38%) contained positive emotions (e.g. humor, hope, appreciation), 14,892 (88.91%) were communal responses to the shooting (e.g. prayers, healing, victim remembrance), 8,329 (49.73%) were action-oriented (e.g. action taken, policy advocacy), and 15,498 (92.53%) included information (e.g. death/injury, news). All tweets except positive emotions peaked one day following the incident. Conclusions Our findings point to peaks in most emotions in the 24 hours following the event, with the exception of positive emotions which peaked one day later. Social media responses to a campus shooting suggest college preparedness for immediate deployment of supportive responses in the case of campus violence is needed.

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Rice, Timothy R., and Leon Hoffman. "Adolescent mass shootings: developmental considerations in light of the Sandy Hook shooting." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-5009.

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Abstract Adolescent mass shootings are a special subset of mass killings, which continue despite significant preventative public health efforts. It is often held that these individuals have few salient warning signs that could have been identified. This piece proposes that mass shootings committed by adolescent and post-adolescent young males must be understood from a developmental perspective. The hypothesis proposed in this paper is that such killings occur as the result of the adolescent’s frustrated effort to progress along normative development. The goal of normative separation from maternal figures by the boy is presented as a potential risk factor when this goal is thwarted. Childhood case material from the perpetrator of a recent adolescent mass shooting, the Sandy Hook shooting, is discussed as an illustration of this hypothesis. Implications for public health measures and for individualized treatment are presented and developed.

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McInerney, Robert G. "A Phenomenological Account of the Shooting Spree." Janus Head 13, no. 2 (2014): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh201413217.

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I presented a version of this paper in November of 1999 after the Columbine Shootings. Currently, I have come to focus less on the gun as a technological augmentation and extension of desire and more on the mooded, lived situation of the immediate shootings. However, I have included a small portion of that previous analysis here in order to set the stage, if you will, for a phenomenological explication of the shooting spree. I put forth that the spree itself, as it is experienced, is an important consideration in further understanding and preventing rampage, mass killings in the United States.

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Littleton, Heather, Amie Grills-Taquechel, and Danny Axsom. "Resource Loss as a Predictor of Posttrauma Symptoms Among College Women Following the Mass Shooting at Virginia Tech." Violence and Victims 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.5.669.

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We examined risk factors for posttrauma symptomatology, 2 and 6 months following the April 2007 mass shooting at Virginia Tech. Using a conservation of resources framework and a Web-based survey methodology, we prospectively evaluated the relations among preshooting distress, social support, resource loss, and posttrauma symptomatology in a sample of 293 female students enrolled at the university at the time of the shootings. Structural equation modeling supported that preshooting social support and distress predicted resource loss postshooting. Resource loss predicted symptomatology 2 months and 6 months after the shooting. Implications of the results for research and intervention following mass trauma are discussed.

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Mendelevich, Vladimir D., Roza S. Safina, Polina V. Koroleva, and Dmitriy F. Serebryakov. "Psychology and psychopathology of overvalue hobby schoolshooing ideas. The case of Katerina and Yakov." Neurology Bulletin LVI, no. 2 (July 16, 2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb628912.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting (mass shootings in educational institutions). The case of 16-year-old Katerina and her 18-year-old friend Yakov, who were referred to psychiatrists after discovering preparations to commit a crime and activity in searching for information on the Internet about school shooting, is described. Since childhood, Katerina has been under the care of psychiatrists for mental, intellectual and speech development delays. She has been on disability since the age of 18 and has a history of playing games simulating murder and violence. The article examines the psychopathological and psychological factors that contributed to the formation of an extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting among the surveyed. The article highlights the lack of seriousness and lack of concern displayed by Katerina and Yakov towards the issue of school shootings. Their tendency to joke about this topic and express sympathy for the perpetrators is also highlighted. The emphasis is placed on the careless, frivolous attitude of Katerina and Yakov to the problem of mass murders in schools, their tendency to joke about these topics and show sympathy for the killers. It is concluded that “understanding” the feelings of school shooters, the infantile desire to make something “cool” out of any life event, create a meme, laugh at something that is not customary to laugh at (“ethical inversion”) should be recognized as fertile ground for the formation extremely valuable passion for the ideas of school shooting, without the destruction of which it is impossible to cope with future tragedies in educational institutions.

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Naoum, Symeon, and Vasileios Spyropoulos. "Mass shooting incidents: evolution of preventive procedures, preparation, treatment, and medical care supply." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 124, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2021.124.1.6.

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"Abstract: Mass shootings incidents occur with increasing frequency over time. Studying these cases proved that, despite their diversity, several common features could be taken into account in the early detection and possible prevention of certain future cases. Accepting that such incidents may occur anywhere and anytime, societies need to be prepared for their more effective response. Informing citizens about the best way to react to a mass shooting event is considered crucial and essential. The ""Run-Hide-Fight"" guideline/directive seems to be the most appropriate guideline given to the public. Proper training, of both the Suppression Forces and the emergency medical care providers, is considered of utmost importance. The role of the Incident Commander, regarding the incident management, as well as the external bleeding control of the injured people, are factors of paramount importance in trying to mitigate the casualties from such an incident. The alertness of both citizens and organizations/structures may lead to early detection of potential perpetrators and thereby averting a mass shooting incident. To achieve increased survival and a reduced number of casualties from a mass shooting event it is vital proper education be present at all levels. The response to a mass shooting event should be imprinted in an Emergency plan. Such a plan should have been decided and made, by the Security and Suppression Forces, the Healthcare Institutions, and the Public Safety Answering Point. Keywords: mass shooting incident, first responder, active bleeding, tourniquet, Incident Commander"

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Yulianto Dwi Saputro, Sudarsono, and Luthfie Lufthansa. "PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LATIHAN KOMBINASI DRIBBLING DAN SHOOTING DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA (SSB) UNIBRAW ’82 MALANG." Visipena Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v9i2.472.

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Football is the most popular sport in the world. Football players must master the basic techniques of Dribbling and Shooting. From the results of preliminary research at the Unibraw soccer school in Malang, the implementation of the Dribbling and Shooting training model has not applied the effective and efficient principle. This study used research and development method instructional development model from Sadiman (2003).. This study aimed to produce a new product in the form of dribbling and passing combination training models in football game speed and agility with base at Unibraw 82 Football School of Malang. The design of research and development of dribbling and shooting combination models there were stages as follows: (1) determining ideas, by collecting information as the idea base to create a concept; (2) writing media scripts product containing shooting practice model sketches; (3) product evaluation; (4) product revision I; (5) prototype product byshooting training models to small groups as well as large groups; (6) prototype try-out; (7) product revision II; and (8) reproduction. Overall the dribbling and shooting combination training model is feasible to implement as a training models for students at Unibraw 82 football school of Malang.The development of dribbling and shooting combination training models in football game with speed and agility base for students at Unibraw 82 football school of Malang there are 10 dribbling and shooting combination training models, these training models can be applied to add training models for the students of Unibraw 82 football school of Malang to overcome the students saturation in training football and add more variation. Abstrak Sepakbola merupakan cabang olahraga paling populer di dunia.Para pemain sepakbola wajib menguasai teknik dasar Dribbling dan Shooting. Dari hasil penelitian awal di sekolah sepakbola Unibraw ‟82 Malang, penerapan model latihan Dribbling dan Shooting belum menerapkan prinsip efektif dan efisien.Model penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development)yaitu model pengembangan instruksional dari Sadiman (2003). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk baru yang berupa model latihan kombinasi dribblingandpassing dalam permainan sepakbola yang di sekolah sepakbola Unibraw ”82 Malang. Perancangan penelitian pengembangan model kombinasi dribbling and shotting terdapat tahapan sebagai berikut: (1) penentuan ide-ide, dengan mengumpulkan informasi sebagai landasan pemikiran untuk membuat suatu konsep; (2) penulisan naskah media (produk), didalamnya berisi sketsa model-model latihan shooting; (3) evaluasi produk, (4) revisi produk I; (5) produk prototipe, dengan memberikan model latihan shooting kepada kelompok kecil maupun kelompok besar; (6) uji coba prototipe; (7) revisi produk II; dan (8) reproduksi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 10 model latihankombinasi dribbling and shooting dalam permainan sepakbola, model latihan ini dapat diterapkan untuk menambah variasi model latihan siswa sekolah sepakbola Unibraw “82 Malang sehingga kejenuhan siswa dalam latihan mampu teratasi dengan baik. Kata Kunci: Penelitian Pengembangan, Model Latihan Kombinasi Dribbling and Shootting, Variasi

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Sarma, Hemkanta. "Problem shooting in obstetrics." New Indian Journal of OBGYN 8, no. 1 (July 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2021.8.1.1.

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Федоров, В. В., and О. Б. Піскунова. "The role of practical shooting in system of police shooting training: psychological component." Law and Safety 80, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.1.09.

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Psychological unpreparedness of police officers to firefight is often the cause of serious consequences, in particular their death. Although much attention has been already paid to the psychological training of law enforcement officers in general and to the use of firearms in the scientific literature, such studies often just outline the problems, but do not suggest the ways to overcome them. The authors of the article aim to analyze the factors influencing the state of psychological readiness of a police officer to use a firearm while performing service duties, and to develop recommendations that should contribute to the formation of a state of psychological readiness, taking into account the specifics of practical shooting. It has been emphasized that firefight requires from a police officer not only skillful handling of weapons, but also a number of thought processes in a situation of partial or complete uncertainty, which affects the psychological readiness to use firearms. The authors have made an analogy between the situations of firefight of police officers while performing service duties and the conditions created for participants in practical shooting competitions. According to the authors, long-term training, regular practice of basic exercises to improve firearms skills, as well as the introduction of variability of scenarios for the deployment of firefight situations using elements of practical shooting can minimize the negative impact on the mental processes of police officers. It has been offered to introduce elements of practical shooting into the system of fire training of police officers and to improve the current Shooting Course, approved by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated from April 26, 2019, No. 334, which should allow modeling multiple scenarios of police behavior in firefight situations during training shootings and increase the psychological readiness of police officers to use firearms.

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Strand, Mark. "Shooting Whales." Antioch Review 50, no. 1/2 (1992): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4612518.

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Schinto, Jeanne. "Shooting Blind." Antioch Review 58, no. 1 (2000): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4613952.

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Picard, M. Dane. "Shooting Hoops." Journal of Geological Education 39, no. 3 (May 1991): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-39.3.243.

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Louis, Bojan. "Trouble Shooting." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.36.2.12h2232028751743.

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Naro, Gillian. "The Shooting." Annals of Internal Medicine 175, no. 3 (March 2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m21-4391.

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Dorfman, Elsa, Viviane Esders, Judy Olausen, and Mariana Cook. "Shooting Mother." Women's Review of Books 14, no. 2 (November 1996): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4022559.

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Solomon, Deborah, and Deborah Copaken Kogan. "Shooting Star." Women's Review of Books 18, no. 7 (April 2001): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023627.

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Sadler, Catharine. "Shooting pains." Nursing Standard 17, no. 24 (February 26, 2003): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.24.18.s30.

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Ellis, Thomas Sayers. "Shooting Back." Callaloo 16, no. 3 (1993): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2932243.

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Thomas, L. H. "Shooting badgers." Veterinary Record 170, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 28.2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e37.

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Marshall, Donald G. "Shooting Niagara." Pedagogy 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15314200-3-3-463.

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WRIGHT, GERARD. "Shooting Hoops." Neurology Now 3, no. 1 (January 2007): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nnn.0000267361.35818.37.

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Oppitz, Michael. "Shooting Shamans." Visual Anthropology 1, no. 3 (October 1988): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08949468.1988.9966486.

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Chai, W. L., and W. C. Ngeow. "Shooting pain." British Dental Journal 206, no. 9 (May 2009): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.364.

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Anderson, Dana. "Shooting Blind." History of Photography 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2003.10443277.

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Nyirubugara, Olivier. "Shooting Kids." Journalism Studies 19, no. 13 (July 24, 2018): 1969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2018.1500870.

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Cokal, Susann. "Shooting Snakes." Prairie Schooner 79, no. 4 (2005): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2006.0007.

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