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Academic literature on the topic 'Shock aggregati'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shock aggregati"

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Di Giacinto, Valter. "Il grado di integrazione economica tra mezzogiorno e centro-nord: evidenze empiriche da un modello var multi-regionale." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 1 (May 2012): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2012-001002.

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Nel lavoro si propone una nuova metodologia empirica di misurazione del grado di integrazione economica tra il Mezzogiorno e il resto dell'Italia. La metodologia prevede la specificazione e la stima di un modello VAR (Vector Autoregressive) multi-regionale. La misura model-based di integrazione economica che si propone viene successivamente ottenuta in base all'entitŕ della risposta all'interno di una data area a shock macro-economici registrati nella rimanente area territoriale. I risultati di stima, una volta aggregati a livello delle due ripartizioni, mostrano un significativo grado di propagazione degli shock tra le due macro-aree, principalmente sostenuto dall'esistenza di relazioni di tipo commerciale. L'elasticitŕ del PIL meridionale rispetto a fluttuazioni della domanda nel Centro-Nord risulta piů elevata rispetto al caso opposto, principalmente per la maggiore dimensione dell'economia centro-settentrionale rispetto a quella del Mezzogiorno. L'effetto marginale in termini assoluti sul PIL di uno shock esogeno di domanda di pari entitŕ in termini monetari nella rimanente macro-area č invece superiore nel Centro-Nord rispetto al Mezzogiorno.
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Kulig, Melissa, and Heath Ecroyd. "The small heat-shock protein αB-crystallin uses different mechanisms of chaperone action to prevent the amorphous versus fibrillar aggregation of α-lactalbumin." Biochemical Journal 448, no. 3 (November 21, 2012): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121187.

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Stress conditions can destabilize proteins, promoting them to unfold and adopt intermediately folded states. Partially folded protein intermediates are unstable and prone to aggregation down off-folding pathways leading to the formation of either amorphous or amyloid fibril aggregates. The sHsp (small heat-shock protein) αB-crystallin acts as a molecular chaperone to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation; however, the precise molecular mechanisms behind its chaperone action are incompletely understood. To investigate whether the chaperone activity of αB-crystallin is dependent upon the form of aggregation (amorphous compared with fibrillar), bovine α-lactalbumin was developed as a model target protein that could be induced to aggregate down either off-folding pathway using comparable buffer conditions. Thus when α-lactalbumin was reduced it aggregated amorphously, whereas a reduced and carboxymethylated form aggregated to form amyloid fibrils. Using this model, αB-crystallin was shown to be a more efficient chaperone against amorphously aggregating α-lactalbumin than when it aggregated to form fibrils. Moreover, αB-crystallin forms high molecular mass complexes with α-lactalbumin to prevent its amorphous aggregation, but prevents fibril formation via weak transient interactions. Thus, the conformational stability of the protein intermediate, which is a precursor to aggregation, plays a critical role in modulating the chaperone mechanism of αB-crystallin.
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Ou, Jiang-Rong, Meng-Shan Tan, An-Mu Xie, Jin-Tai Yu, and Lan Tan. "Heat Shock Protein 90 in Alzheimer’s Disease." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/796869.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the first most common neurodegenerative disease. Despite a large amount of research, the pathogenetic mechanism of AD has not yet been clarified. The two hallmarks of the pathology of AD are the extracellular senile plaques (SPs) of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and the accumulation of the intracellular microtubule-associated protein tau into fibrillar aggregates. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a key role in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, and Hsp90 can be viewed as a ubiquitous molecular chaperone potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. A role of Hsp90 regulates the activity of the transcription factor heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the master regulator of the heat shock response. In AD, Hsp90 inhibitors may redirect neuronal aggregate formation, and protect against protein toxicity by activation of HSF-1 and the subsequent induction of heat shock proteins, such as Hsp70. Therefore, we review here to further discuss the recent advances and challenges in targeting Hsp90 for AD therapy.
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Specht, Sebastian, Stephanie B. M. Miller, Axel Mogk, and Bernd Bukau. "Hsp42 is required for sequestration of protein aggregates into deposition sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 195, no. 4 (November 7, 2011): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201106037.

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The aggregation of proteins inside cells is an organized process with cytoprotective function. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aggregating proteins are spatially sequestered to either juxtanuclear or peripheral sites, which target distinct quality control pathways for refolding and degradation. The cellular machinery driving the sequestration of misfolded proteins to these sites is unknown. In this paper, we show that one of the two small heat shock proteins of yeast, Hsp42, is essential for the formation of peripheral aggregates during physiological heat stress. Hsp42 preferentially localizes to peripheral aggregates but is largely absent from juxtanuclear aggregates, which still form in hsp42Δ cells. Transferring the amino-terminal domain of Hsp42 to Hsp26, which does not participate in aggregate sorting, enables Hsp26 to replace Hsp42 function. Our data suggest that Hsp42 acts via its amino-terminal domain to coaggregate with misfolded proteins and perhaps link such complexes to further sorting factors.
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Kaku, Hiroaki, Allison R. Balaj, and Thomas L. Rothstein. "Small Heat Shock Proteins Collaborate with FAIM to Prevent Accumulation of Misfolded Protein Aggregates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 11841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911841.

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Cells and tissues are continuously subject to environmental insults, such as heat shock and oxidative stress, which cause the accumulation of cytotoxic, aggregated proteins. We previously found that Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM) protects cells from stress-induced cell death by preventing abnormal generation of protein aggregates similar to the effect of small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Protein aggregates are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine how FAIM protein dynamics change during cellular stress and how FAIM prevents the formation of amyloid-β aggregates/fibrils, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Here, we found that the majority of FAIM protein shifts to the detergent-insoluble fraction in response to cellular stress. A similar shift to the insoluble fraction was also observed in small heat shock protein (sHSP) family molecules, such as HSP27, after stress. We further demonstrate that FAIM is recruited to sHSP-containing complexes after cellular stress induction. These data suggest that FAIM might prevent protein aggregation in concert with sHSPs. In fact, we observed the additional effect of FAIM and HSP27 on the prevention of protein aggregates using an in vitro amyloid-β aggregation model system. Our work provides new insights into the interrelationships among FAIM, sHSPs, and amyloid-β aggregation.
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Andersson, Rebecca, Anna Maria Eisele-Bürger, Sarah Hanzén, Katarina Vielfort, David Öling, Frederik Eisele, Gustav Johansson, Tobias Gustafsson, Kristian Kvint, and Thomas Nyström. "Differential role of cytosolic Hsp70s in longevity assurance and protein quality control." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e1008951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008951.

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70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) are essential chaperones of the protein quality control network; vital for cellular fitness and longevity. The four cytosolic Hsp70’s in yeast, Ssa1-4, are thought to be functionally redundant but the absence of Ssa1 and Ssa2 causes a severe reduction in cellular reproduction and accelerates replicative aging. In our efforts to identify which Hsp70 activities are most important for longevity assurance, we systematically investigated the capacity of Ssa4 to carry out the different activities performed by Ssa1/2 by overproducing Ssa4 in cells lacking these Hsp70 chaperones. We found that Ssa4, when overproduced in cells lacking Ssa1/2, rescued growth, mitigated aggregate formation, restored spatial deposition of aggregates into protein inclusions, and promoted protein degradation. In contrast, Ssa4 overproduction in the Hsp70 deficient cells failed to restore the recruitment of the disaggregase Hsp104 to misfolded/aggregated proteins, to fully restore clearance of protein aggregates, and to bring back the formation of the nucleolus-associated aggregation compartment. Exchanging the nucleotide-binding domain of Ssa4 with that of Ssa1 suppressed this ‘defect’ of Ssa4. Interestingly, Ssa4 overproduction extended the short lifespan of ssa1Δ ssa2Δ mutant cells to a lifespan comparable to, or even longer than, wild type cells, demonstrating that Hsp104-dependent aggregate clearance is not a prerequisite for longevity assurance in yeast.
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Maiti, Panchanan, Jayeeta Manna, Shobi Veleri, and Sally Frautschy. "Molecular Chaperone Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Effects of Curcumin." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/495091.

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The intra- and extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated amyloid proteins is a common feature in several neurodegenerative diseases, which is thought to play a major role in disease severity and progression. The principal machineries maintaining proteostasis are the ubiquitin proteasomal and lysosomal autophagy systems, where heat shock proteins play a crucial role. Many protein aggregates are degraded by the lysosomes, depending on aggregate size, peptide sequence, and degree of misfolding, while others are selectively tagged for removal by heat shock proteins and degraded by either the proteasome or phagosomes. These systems are compromised in different neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, developing novel targets and classes of therapeutic drugs, which can reduce aggregates and maintain proteostasis in the brains of neurodegenerative models, is vital. Natural products that can modulate heat shock proteins/proteosomal pathway are considered promising for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of HSPs in protein misfolding diseases and knowledge gained from animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, tauopathies, and Huntington’s diseases. Further, we discuss the emerging treatment regimens for these diseases using natural products, like curcumin, which can augment expression or function of heat shock proteins in the cell.
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LINDNER, Robyn A., Teresa M. TREWEEK, and John A. CARVER. "The molecular chaperone α-crystallin is in kinetic competition with aggregation to stabilize a monomeric molten-globule form of α-lactalbumin." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 1 (February 8, 2001): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540079.

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In vivo, α-crystallin and other small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) act as molecular chaperones to prevent the precipitation of ‘substrate’ proteins under stress conditions through the formation of a soluble sHsp–substrate complex. Using a range of different salt conditions, the rate and extent of precipitation of reduced α-lactalbumin have been altered. The interaction of α-crystallin with reduced α-lactalbumin under these various salt conditions was then studied using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Under conditions of low salt, α-lactalbumin aggregates but does not precipitate. α-Crystallin is able to prevent this aggregation, initially by stabilization of a monomeric molten-globule species of α-lactalbumin. It is proposed that this stabilization occurs through weak transient interactions between α-crystallin and α-lactalbumin. Eventually a stable, soluble high-molecular-mass complex is formed between the two proteins. Thus it appears that a tendency for α-lactalbumin to aggregate (but not necessarily precipitate) is the essential requirement for α-crystallin–α-lactalbumin interaction. In other words, α-crystallin interacts with a non-aggregated form of the substrate to prevent aggregation. The rate of precipitation of α-lactalbumin is increased significantly in the presence of Na2SO4 compared with NaCl. However, in the former case, α-crystallin is unable to prevent this aggregation and precipitation except in the presence of a large excess of α-crystallin, i.e. at mass ratios more than 10 times greater than in the presence of NaCl. It is concluded that a kinetic competition exists between aggregation and interaction of unfolding proteins with α-crystallin.
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Sikhwal, Shweta. "Effects of US interest rate shocks in the emerging market economies: Evidence from panel structural VAR." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.89717.

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We examine, using a monthly dataset from 2007 to 2020, the US interest rate shocks’ effects on exchange rates, broad money aggregates, and foreign exchange reserves in emerging market economies (EMEs) post global financial crisis. To evaluate the impact of unconventional monetary policy initiatives, we employ Wu-Xia’s shadow interest rates. There are two parts to the methodology. The first part focuses on the identification of the unanticipated US interest rate shock in a SVAR model. In the second part, we incorporate the US interest rate shock into the panel structural VAR to analyze its impact on 29 countries from various regions. A positive shock to US interest rates depreciates the exchange rate of EMEs against the US dollar. According to our findings, it results in a decline in the broad money aggregate and foreign exchange reserves. The findings are consistent across multiple EME regions.
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Grousl, Tomas, Sophia Ungelenk, Stephanie Miller, Chi-Ting Ho, Maria Khokhrina, Matthias P. Mayer, Bernd Bukau, and Axel Mogk. "A prion-like domain in Hsp42 drives chaperone-facilitated aggregation of misfolded proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 1269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201708116.

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Chaperones with aggregase activity promote and organize the aggregation of misfolded proteins and their deposition at specific intracellular sites. This activity represents a novel cytoprotective strategy of protein quality control systems; however, little is known about its mechanism. In yeast, the small heat shock protein Hsp42 orchestrates the stress-induced sequestration of misfolded proteins into cytosolic aggregates (CytoQ). In this study, we show that Hsp42 harbors a prion-like domain (PrLD) and a canonical intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) that act coordinately to promote and control protein aggregation. Hsp42 PrLD is essential for CytoQ formation and is bifunctional, mediating self-association as well as binding to misfolded proteins. Hsp42 IDD confines chaperone and aggregase activity and affects CytoQ numbers and stability in vivo. Hsp42 PrLD and IDD are both crucial for cellular fitness during heat stress, demonstrating the need for sequestering misfolded proteins in a regulated manner.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shock aggregati"

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MEMBRETTI, MARCO. "Firm size and the Macroeconomy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403956.

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La tesi è formata da due capitoli su dinamica della distribuzione delle imprese e shock aggregati. Usando un modello ad imprese eterogenee, la tesi studia le fluttuazioni di ciclo economico dovute a shock alla tecnologia ed ai costi in entrata.
This dissertation collects two essays on firm size dynamics and aggregate shocks. By employing a model with heterogeneous firms, search frictions and endogenous entry/exit we investigate the business cycle dynamics of the firm size distribution by looking at entry cost and technology shocks. The thesis is divided into two chapters.\\ The first chapter explores how an increase in entry costs affects the size of new entrants and the concentration of employment according to firm size, along with its effects on macro-variables such as unemployment and the exit rate. To this aim we use a BVAR model to estimate the response of such variables to an entry cost shock, then we develop a heterogeneous-firm model with search frictions and endogenous entry/exit dynamics calibrated on data from Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) database to address our empirical results.\\ We find that positive entry cost shocks increase the average size of entrants and move employment shares toward the largest firms. These results reveal the role of entry costs' fluctuations in explaining the dynamics at business cycle horizons of both firm and employment share distributions according to size.\\ The second chapter perturbed the model with a technology shock to replicate the long-run differential of job destruction due to exit between small and large firms and its empirical response to technology shocks (estimated by a BVAR). Contrary to frameworks with \textit{exogenous} exit, the model is able to account for the volatility of exit and the differential of job destruction due to exit between small and large firms conditional to the technology shock. Moreover we find that not only entry but also exit is a viable amplification channel for the response of unemployment to the shock.\\
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Strohush, Vitaliy. "Aggregate Shocks, Idiosyncratic Shocks and Global Imbalances." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/744.

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Thesis advisor: Matteo Iacoviello
First part of my dissertation documents a positive correlation between changes in output volatilities and changes in net foreign asset positions for a sample of advanced economies. The correlation is robust to different measures of changes in volatility, to the inclusion of a large set of control variables, and to alternative estimation techniques. Given country specific characteristics, a one standard deviation increase in volatility generates a .21 percent increase in a country's ratio of net foreign asset position to GDP. In addition, the paper finds a clear channel from financial crises to changes in net foreign asset positions through changes in output volatilities, providing a strong empirical support for Bernanke's (2005) conjecture on the main causes for the emergence of a global saving glut. I build DSGE model to account for the relationship between volatility and NFA positions. The model explains around 25% of the change in NFA position for a representative country. Second part of my dissertation demonstrates that simultaneous changes in the volatility of uninsurable idiosyncratic risk across countries can explain the occurrence of global imbalances. I construct an international real business cycle model in which heterogeneous agents are not able to fully insure against aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks to labor earnings. First, I show that changes in idiosyncratic volatility can lead to much larger external imbalances than changes in aggregate volatility of the same magnitude. Second, I employ the Luxembourg Income Study dataset to measure changes in idiosyncratic risk for selected countries over the period 1980-2000, and use the results to calibrate the model. Under this approach, the model can quantitatively explain between 30 and 40 percent of the change in the U.S. net foreign asset position and comes close to explaining the change in Japan's net foreign asset position. The results are robust to different parameter values and model specifications
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Luz, Vitor Farinha. "The private memory of aggregate shocks." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2715.

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In economies characterized by both aggregate and privately observed idiosyn- cratic risks we show that constrained e¢cient allocations may display non-trivial dependence on aggregate shocks. Using two period versions of both a Atkeson and Lucas (1992) preference shock model and a dynamic Mirrlees (1971) economy we show that constrained optimal allocations have memory with respect to aggre- gate shocks despite their being i.i.d. and independent from idiosyncratic shocks, whenever the latter are not perfectly persistent. The fact that shocks may have per- sistent e¤ects on allocations despite their public and i.i.d nature, was rst shown by Phelan (1994) in a dynamic moral hazard economy with CARA preference. Our numerical simulations indicate that these are not knife-edge results: there is a monotonic relationship between private persistence and aggregate memory in many di¤erent environments.
Em economias caracterizadas por choques agregados e privados, mostramos que a alocação ótima restrita pode depender de forma não-trivial dos choques agregados. Usando versões dos modelos de Atkeson e Lucas (1992) e Mirrlees (1971) de dois períodos, é mostrado que a alocação ótima apresenta memória com relação aos choques agregados mesmo eles sendo i.i.d. e independentes dos choques individuais, quando esses últimos choques não são totalmente persistentes. O fato de os choques terem efeitos persistentes na alocação mesmo sendo informação pública, foi primeiramente apresentado em Phelan (1994). Nossas simulações numéricas indicam que esse não é um resultado pontual: existe uma relação contínua entre persistência de tipos privados e memória do choque agregado.
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Herrera, Ana María. "Inventories, oil shocks, and aggregate economic behavior /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975877.

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Stege, Gerardus Johannes Jozef. "Hyperthermia and protein aggregation role of heat shock proteins /." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1995. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/138287325.

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RIGATO, RODOLFO DINIS. "DISENTANGLING AGGREGATE AND SECTORAL SHOCKS USING PRICE MICRODATA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34858@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
BOLSA NOTA 10
Este trabalho estima a volatilidade de choques agregados e setoriais, bem como suas contribuições para flutuações econômicas, usando microdados de preços. A ideia central é que inovações setoriais estão associadas com a dinâmica de certas estatísticas, como tamanho médio de reajustes de preços, de um setor econômico específico, enquanto a volatilidade de choques agregados pode ser inferida pela correlação destas estatísticas entre setores diferentes. Portanto, microdados de preços contêm informação sobre a natureza dos ciclos econômicos. Emprega-se aqui um modelo de fixação de preços no qual firmas enfrentam não somente custos de menu, mas também fricções de natureza informacional. O modelo é estimado usando o Método dos Momentos Simulados e dados do Reino Unido. Encontra-se que choques setoriais são consideravelmente mais voláteis que choques agregados.
We estimate the volatility of aggregate and sectoral shocks, as well as their contributions to business cycles fluctuations, using price setting data. The key idea is that sector-specific innovations are associated with the dynamics of price setting statistics, such as average size of price adjustments, within a single economic sector, while the volatility of aggregate disturbances can be inferred from the correlation of these statistics across different sectors. Therefore, price setting data provides useful information about the nature of economic fluctuations. We employ a rich price setting model in which firms face not only menu costs, but also informational frictions and estimate it using Simulated Method of Moments and data from the UK. We find that sectoral shocks are considerably more volatile than their aggregate counterparts.
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Carvalho, Artur Bezerra de. "Unemployment insurance: an analysis of optimal mechanisms under aggregate shocks." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7896.

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The purpose of this work is to provide a brief overview of the literature on the optimal design of unemployment insurance systems by analyzing some of the most influential articles published over the last three decades on the subject and extend the main results to a multiple aggregate shocks environment. The properties of optimal contracts are discussed in light of the key assumptions commonly made in theoretical publications on the area. Moreover, the implications of relaxing each of these hypothesis is reckoned as well. The analysis of models of only one unemployment spell starts from the seminal work of Shavell and Weiss (1979). In a simple and common setting, unemployment benefits policies, wage taxes and search effort assignments are covered. Further, the idea that the UI distortion of the relative price of leisure and consumption is the only explanation for the marginal incentives to search for a job is discussed, putting into question the reduction in labor supply caused by social insurance, usually interpreted as solely an evidence of a dynamic moral hazard caused by a substitution effect. In addition, the paper presents one characterization of optimal unemployment insurance contracts in environments in which workers experience multiple unemployment spells. Finally, an extension to multiple aggregate shocks environment is considered. The paper ends with a numerical analysis of the implications of i.i.d. shocks to the optimal unemployment insurance mechanism.
O objetivo deste trabalho é prover uma revisão sucinta da literatura sobre o desenho ótimo de programas de seguro-desemprego, por meio da análise de alguns dos artigos mais influentes publicados nas últimas três décadas, e estender os seus principais resultados para um ambiente econômico sujeito a choques agregados. As propriedades dos contratos ótimos são discutidas à luz das hipóteses-chave usualmente adotadas em publicações teóricas nessa área. Além disso, as implicações associadas ao relaxamento dessas hipóteses também são investigadas. A análise de modelos que contemplam apenas um ciclo de desemprego começa com o trabalho de Shavell e Weiss (1979). A partir de um ambiente econômico simples e comum à maioria dos trabalhos, estudam-se as políticas de benefícios, taxas sobre os salários e o nível ótimo de esforço a ser exercido na procura por emprego. Adicionalmente, questiona-se a idéia de que as distorções no preço relativo de consumo e lazer provocadas pelo seguro-desemprego são a única explicação para alterações marginais dos incentivos à procura por emprego. Usualmente interpretada como um problema de perigo-moral causado por um efeito-substtituição, a redução na oferta de trabalho causada por programas de seguro-social é discutida sob essa nova perspectiva. Apresenta-se ainda um estudo teórico sobre contratos de seguro-desemprego ótimo quando os agentes estão sujeitos a mais de um ciclo de desemprego. Finalmente, uma extensão dos modelos a um ambiente sujeito a múltiplos choques agregados é desenvolvida. O trabalho termina com um exercício numérico acerca das implicações de choques i.i.d. sobre o desenho de programas de seguro-desemprego.
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Vermeylen, Koen. "Three essays on the relation between sectoral shocks and aggregate demand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10294.

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Li, Rong. "Essays on the Aggregate and Heterogeneous Effects of Government Spending Shocks." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405466429.

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Santiago, Diego C. "The long-run properties of a dynamic Mirrlees' model with aggregate shocks." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11204.

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We assess the existence of a long run stationary distribution of expected util- ities in a dynamic Mirrlees’s (1971) incentive structure when the government has only imperfect record keeping and the economy is subject to aggregate shocks. When aggregate shocks are i.i.d., we prove the existence of such a distribution and partially characterize the steady-state allocations. We show that the consumption share of each cohort is invariant to the aggregate state. In contrast, when aggre- gate shocks are persistent, efficient allocations display history dependence, and an invariant distribution need not exist.
Nós abordamos a existência de distribuições estacionárias de promessas de utilidade em um modelo Mirrlees dinâmico quando o governo tem record keeping imperfeito e a economia é sujeita a choques agregados. Quando esses choques são iid, provamos a existência de um estado estacionário não degenerado e caracterizamos parcialmente as alocações estacionárias. Mostramos que a proporção do consumo agregado é invariante ao estado agregado. Quando os choques agregados apresentam persistência, porém, alocações eficientes apresentam dependência da história de choques e, em geral, uma distribuição invariante não existe.
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Books on the topic "Shock aggregati"

1

Kim, Se-Jik. Aggregate shock, capital market opening, and optimal bailout. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2001.

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Braun, Helge. Aggregate shocks and labor market fluctuations. St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006.

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Veldkamp, Laura. Aggregate shocks or aggregate information?: Costly information and business cycle comovement. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Ball, Laurence M. Relative-price changes as aggregate supply shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Ball, Laurence. Relative-price changes as aggregate supply shocks. Philadelphia: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Economic Research Division, 1993.

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Ferreira, Francisco H. G. Aggregate economic shocks, child schooling and child health. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2008.

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Bordo, Michael D. Aggregate price shocks and financial instability: An historical analysis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Doepke, Matthias. Inflation as a redistribution shock: Effects on aggregates and welfare. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Doepke, Matthias. Inflation as a redistribution shock: Effects on aggregates and welfare. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Hutchison, Michael M. Aggregate demand, uncertainty and oil prices: The 1990 oil shock in comparative perspective. Basle: Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shock aggregati"

1

Nishida, M., K. Tanaka, A. Ito, and Z. Lu. "Impact behavior of two-dimensional particulate aggregation containing dissimilar material layer." In Shock Waves, 1097–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_169.

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Pierre, Sha-Ron, Vita Vernace, Zhiyou Wang, and Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira. "Assembly of Protein Aggregates in Neurodegeneration." In Heat Shock Proteins in Neural Cells, 67–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39954-6_6.

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Manne, Joseph S., Robert Douenias, Gary S. Karlin, and Arthur D. Smith. "Study of the Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Using Shock Wave Lithotripsy." In Shock Wave Lithotripsy 2, 49–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2052-5_10.

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Smith, C. Wayne, Scott I. Simon, and Hartmut Jaeschke. "Multistep processes in neutrophil homotypic aggregation and tissue injury." In Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 173–97. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8755-7_10.

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Kabakov, Alexander E., and Vladimir L. Gabai. "“Proteotoxicity” of ATP Depletion: Disruption of the Cytoskeleton, Protein Aggregation and Involvement of Molecular Chaperones." In Heat Shock Proteins and Cytoprotection, 49–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6007-4_3.

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Paul, Sunil, Santosh Kumar Sahu, and Tinu Iype Jacob. "Aggregate Fluctuations and Technological Shocks: The Indian Case." In FDI, Technology and Innovation, 245–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3611-3_11.

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Dominik, C., A. P. Jones, and A. G. G. M. Tielens. "Disintegration of Dust Aggregates in Interstellar Shocks and the Lifetime of Dust Grains in the ISM." In Shocks in Astrophysics, 155–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1624-1_19.

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Ndou, Eliphas, and Nombulelo Gumata. "Inflation Expectations, Adverse Aggregate Supply Shock and Long-Term Inflation Expectations." In Inflation Dynamics in South Africa, 455–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46702-3_30.

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Altonji, Joseph G., and John C. Ham. "The Collective Impact of Sectoral Shocks on Aggregate Employment Fluctuations." In Labor Market Adjustments in the Pacific Basin, 161–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3251-7_8.

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Starck, Christian C. "Shocks and Aggregate Low Frequency Variability in a Small Open Economy." In Open-Economy Macroeconomics, 119–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12884-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shock aggregati"

1

Poskitt, K. R., J. T. C. Irwin, C. M. Backhouse, and C. N. McCollum. "MICROEMBOLISATION DURING SURGICAL SHOCK: EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643450.

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Embolisation of microaggregates following major surgery may be a cause of pulmonary arterio-venous shunt and postoperative respiratory failure (1). Prostaglandin E1 may prevent intravascular aggregation and we studied this possibility in a pig model of surgical shock.Following autologous platelet labelling with Indium, 16 pigs (20-30kg) were randomised to receive a perioperative infusion of PGE1 (100ng/kg/min) or placebo. Arterial and Swann Ganz catheters were inserted under anaesthesia prior to surgery consisting of midline laparotomy, exteriorisation of small bowel 1.5 hours of aortic clamping and 1 hour of hypotension. On induction, during shock and at 3 days in survivors platelet and leucocyte count, blood radioactivity, venous aggregates (SFP), lung platelet uptake (LPU), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and alveolar-arterial p02 difference (A-ad02) were measured.All results mean ± sem *p <0.05 Mann Whitney U-testDuring surgical shock, the formation of venous aggregates, the fall in circulating radiolabelled platelets and their accumulation in lungs were reduced by PGE1 (p< 0.05). BP, CVP and PWP were all lower on PGE1 and at 3 days the improvement in A-ad02 in PGE1 pigs failed to reach significance.PGE1 reduced platelet aggregate formation and their subsequent pulmonary microembolisation despite worsening shock due to vasodilation.1. McCollum CN, Campbell IT. The value of measuring intravascular platelet aggregation in the prediction of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. Br J Surg 1979: 66; 703-707
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Ratsimbazafy, Herinjaka Haga, Aurélie Laborel-Préneron, Camille Magniont, and Philippe Evon. "Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.77.

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The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.
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Borhani, Alireza, and Negar Kalantar. "APART but TOGETHER - The Interplay of Geometric Relationships in Aggregated Interlocking Systems." In eCAADe 2017 : ShoCK! – Sharing of Computable Knowledge! eCAADe, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.1.639.

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Backhouse, C. M., A. C. Meek, K. R. Poskitt, and C. N. McCollum. "PULMONARY MICROEMBOLISATION IN SURGICAL SHOCK: THE EFFECT OF CYCLO-OXYGENASE INHIBITION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643458.

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Thromboxane release from platelet microemboli during major arterial surgery may mediate depression of cardio-pulmonary function. The effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition by aspirin has been studied in a porcine model of aortic surgery.Following autologous platelet labelling with 111-lndium, 24 pigs (20-25kg) were randomised to low dose (LD) aspirin (0.5mg/kg), high dose (HD) aspirin (10mg/kg) or placebo.Arterial and Swann Ganz catheters were inserted prior to surgery consisting of midline laparotomy, small bowel extériorisation, 1.5 hours of aortic clamping and 1 hour shock before resuscitation. On induction, during shock and at 3 days, platelet and leucocyte counts, lung platelet uptake (LPU), venous aggregates by screen filtration (SFP), mean arterial pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary shunt (PS) and alveolar-arterial pO2 difference (A-adO2) were measured.During shock following aortic declamping aspirin preserved blood pressure by increasing vascular resistance rather than CO. Venous aggregates by SFP tended to be lower on aspirin with significantly reduced LPU, subsequent pulmonary shunting and A-adO2. The improvement in PS but not A-adO2 remained significant at 3 days (p<0.05).Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition improved pulmonary function during surgical shock either by inhibiting platelet microemboli or by a direct effect on pulmonary arteriovenous shunts.
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Iyama, Hirofumi, Toshiaki Watanabe, and Shigeru Itoh. "Glass Crushing for Recycling Using Underwater Shock Wave." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71561.

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Much construction scrap is discharged when a dwelling or a building are disassembled. Wood is tipped. Concrete is recycled to new object for concretes, the aggregate for pavement, etc. Glass is classified and crushed, and is recycled by the materials of the glass called cullet. However, in fact, only rough classifying was performed, a little construction scrap is recycled and many materials have been disposed by reclamation. In order to raise the rate of recycling of glass, it not only raises the rate of classify at the disassembling, but it is necessity of also processing to a cullet. On a glass plate with adhesion sheet for crime prevention, because the resin ingredient mixes, it is difficult to make it to the cullet. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an effectively technique for crushing and making to cullet of the glass with resin. Then, we are have examined that only glass is crushed using an underwater shock wave, and it easily separated in to the glass and resin.
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Hall, C. A., L. C. Chhabildas, and W. D. Reinhart. "Shock Hugoniot and release states in concrete mixtures with different aggregate sizes from 3 to 23 GPa." In The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55638.

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Timmons, Sheila, Jadwiqa Grabarek, and Jack Hawiqer. "ENDOTOXIC LIPID A INDUCES BINDING OF FIBRINOGEN TO HUMAN PLATELETS VIA PROTEIN KINASE C PATHWAY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644252.

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Endotoxic Lipid A is the biologically active principle of lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, a most frequent cause of sepsis underlying Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and shock. We have shown that endotoxic Lipid A activates Protein Kinase C in human platelets. Phosphorylation of a 47kDa protein (P47), a marker for Protein Kinase C activation, was observed within the first minute of interaction of Lipid A with platelets. This was accompanied by gradual exposure of the receptor for 125I-labeled fibrinogen (F). Binding of 125I-F was saturable and specific. When Lipid X, a precursor of endotoxic Lipid A and its competitive inhibitor, was used, the binding of 125I-F was blocked with 50% inhibition at a 1:1 stoichiometry between Lipid X and Lipid A. At the same time, phosphorylation of P47 was prevented. Since Lipid X constitutes a "half molecule" of Lipid A, we interpret these results as indicative of competitive blocking of endotoxic Lipid A in terms of Protein Kinase C activation and exposure of platelet receptors for fibrinogen. Binding of fibrinogen is necessary for platelet aggregation and endotoxic Lipid A-induced aggregation was also blocked by Lipid X. Endotoxic Lipid A-induced exposure of fibrinogen receptors via the Protein Kinase C pathway can contribute to involvement of platelets in microcirculatory thrombosis observed in patients with DIC and Gram-negative sepsis
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8

Ditter, H., Fr R. Matthias, R. Voss, and P. Rottger. "PROSTACYCLIN IMPROVES SURVIVAL AND REDUCES MICROCLOT FORMATION IN RABBIT ENDOTOXEMIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644691.

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Arachidonic acid metabolites seem to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of endotoxin (ET) shock. Therefore, attempts to intervene into the balance of eicosanoids may affect the course of ET shock. Several studies had shown a reduction of ET-induced mortality by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in various animal species.We investigated whether an infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) has an effect on survival rates and on the incidence of renal microclots in a rabbit shock model, which is based on an intravenous infusion of ET over 4 hours. Thirty animals being exposed to 75 μg/kg x h of lipopolysaccharide B, were allocated to three groups (E, El, EA; n=10 each), either receiving ET only (E), or PGI2 (500 ng/kg x min) simultaneously to ET (El), or aspirin (20 mg/kg) before ET (EA).A control group (C; saline infusion) consisted of 8 animals.At the end of the observation period (8 hours), the mortality of the treated animals (El and EA: 4/10 each) was significantly lower than in group E (8/10). However, only in the PGI2-treated group El a significant reduction of ET-induced glomerular fibrin deposition (GFD) was observed. Indices of GFD after semi-quantitative evaluation of renal slices were 10/27 (E), 1/24 (El), 3/21 (EA), and 0/24 (C). PGI2 exerted a platelet protective effect as shown by higher blood platelet counts (El 61.3 % vs. E 33.4 % of initial values), and a better preserved aggregation (El 60.5 % vs.E 31.7 %) and thromboxane formation capacity (El 52.0 ng/ml vs.E 23.4 ng/ml) of platelet rich plasma stimulated by 5 μg/ml collagen (all values at six hours after the start of ET infusion).ET caused a profound granulocytopenia which was not prevented by PGI2. Furthermore, PGI2 did not affect the ET-induced metabolic acidosis.These data confirm a beneficial effect of prostacyclin during a prolonged endotoxemia in rabbits, which may be a consequence of the known vasodilating, platelet inhibiting and cytoprotective properties of the substance.
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9

Wang, Zhen, Jingquan Wang, and Junzheng Zhu. "Cyclic Behavior of Precast Segmental UHPFRC Bridge Columns with Replaceable Damage-Concentrated Elements." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0736.

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<p>A novel precast segmental bridge column was put forward innovatively to contribute to accelerated bridge construction and rapid repair of bridge after earthquake, which is in accordance with the theme called engineering innovations for rapid urbanisation. The proposed bridge column was manufactured with cost-effective ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating river sand and coarse aggregate. As the potential damaged region, the bottom segment was composed of three parts: inner core zone designed to bear axial loading, outer replaceable UHPFRC plates (RUP) designed to bear lateral loading, and middle replaceable steel dissipaters (RSD) designed to enhance energy dissipation (ED), when the entire bridge structure was subjected to earthquake shock. The rapid repair after earthquake was completed with substitutions of replaceable damage-concentrated elements including RUP and RSD. Cyclic loading tests were conducted on three 1:3 scaled specimens and their repaired specimens. The research parameters included posttensioning (PT) force level and usage of RSD. Test results show that both construction and repair can be very time-saving for the proposed bridge column. Major damage focuses on replaceable damage-concentrated elements while remaining parts are basically intact. All the specimens present good deformation capacity and excellent self-centering feature. Two different failure modes can be found: some specimens failed in the lateral bearing capacity while others failed in the ED capacity. Compared with the original specimen failed in the same failure mode, the repaired specimen has similar lateral bearing capacity and deformation capacity but seriously weakened initial stiffness.</p>
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Sandler, H., B. Gerdin, and T. Saldeen. "STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF THROMBOXANE IN THROMBIN-INDUCED PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY IN THE RAT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643379.

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The pathophysiology of the acute pulmonary damage that may occur in association with sepsis, hemorrhagic shock and microembolism seems to involve the activity of cyclooxygenase derived arachidonate metabolites. In the rat, pulmonary microembolism due to infusion of thrombin together with inhibition of fibrinolysis has been found to induce pulmonary insufficiency with similarities to the clinical adult respiratory distress syndrome. The infusion of thrombin results in systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension and platelet aggregation, and subsequently, with a certain dealy in time, to increased pulmonary vascular permeability.The main purposes of this investigation were to study the release of TxA2 and PGI2 following thrcmbin-induced pulmonary microembolizaticn in the rat and to examine the effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (DazoxibenR) on pulmonary arterial and systemic mean arterial pressure and vascular permeability.During infusion of thrcmbin in rats pulmonary arterial pressure rose from 15 ± 2 to 35 ± 3 rmHg and mean arterial pressure fell from 120 ± 6 to 49 ± 27 mmHg. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased from 0.3 ± 0.004 to 3.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml. Ninety minutes later the lung weight and albunin concentration in the lung were increased (2.21 ± 0.13 g and 22.7 ± 4.7 mg/g) compared with controls (1.12 ± 0.14 g and 8.5 ± 0.9 mg/g). Dazoxiben reduced the elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and the elevated plasma TxB2 concentration following infusion of thrombin. Ninety minutes after infusion of thrcmbin, the in vitro synthesis of TxB2 in lung tissue was increased. Dazoxiben and a specific rabbit anti-rat neutrophil serun reduced this synthesis of TxB in vitro. The lung weight (2.18 ± 0.20 g) and lung albumin concentration (21.4 ± 3.4 mg/g) was not affected by Dazoxiben. The results indicate that TxA2 in an important mediator of the pressure changes in the early phase after infusion of thrombin and that neutrophils are associated with thromboxane formation in the lung tissue. Rats pretreated with the antineutrophil serum had less pulmonary weight (1.69 ± 0.28 g) and the albumin concentration in the edema fluid was decreased (17.3 ± 3.6 mg/g), suggesting that polymorphonuclear leukocytes contributed to the pulmonary dysfunction. Dazoxiben when incubated with thrcmbin in a chromogenic substrate system had a linear, dose-related anti-thrombin effect. At a Dazoxiben concentration of 2.4 mM only a few percent of the thrombin activity remained.
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Reports on the topic "Shock aggregati"

1

Braun, Helge, Reinout De Bock, and Riccardo DiCecio. Aggregate Shocks and Labor Market Fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2006.004.

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Veldkamp, Laura, and Justin Wolfers. Aggregate Shocks or Aggregate Information? Costly Information and Business Cycle Comovement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12557.

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Bhandari, Anmol, David Evans, Mikhail Golosov, and Thomas Sargent. Taxes, Debts, and Redistributions with Aggregate Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19470.

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Ball, Laurence, and N. Gregory Mankiw. Relative-Price Changes as Aggregate Supply Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4168.

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Constantinides, George. Welfare Costs of Idiosyncratic and Aggregate Consumption Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29009.

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Doepke, Matthias, and Martin Schneider. Inflation as a Redistribution Shock: Effects on Aggregates and Welfare. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12319.

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Wheelock, David C., Michael J. Dueker, and Michael D. Bordo. Aggregate Price Shocks and Financial Instability: A Historical Analysis. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2000.005.

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Sánchez, Juan M., José Mustre-del-Río, Ryan Mather, and Kartik Athreya. Household Financial Distress and the Burden of “Aggregate” Shocks. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2019.025.

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Bordo, Michael, Michael Dueker, and David Wheelock. Aggregate Price Shocks and Financial Instability: An Historical Analysis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0125.

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Mankiw, N. Gregory. The Equity Premium and the Concentration of Aggregate Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1788.

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