Journal articles: 'Shoalhaven region'

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Gould, J., P. Lee, J. Ryl, and B. Mulligan. "Shoalhaven Reclaimed Water Management Scheme: clever planning delivers bigger environmental benefits." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0005.

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The Northern Shoalhaven REclaimed water Management Scheme (REMS) is one of the largest and most complex reclaimed water management schemes undertaken by an Australian water authority. REMS has been developed to beneficially re-use up to 80% of reclaimed water produced by six wastewater treatment plants in the Shoalhaven region. This paper outlines the process of Scheme development, which required effective integration of varied technical studies and extensive consultation with a diverse group of stakeholders. The process has delivered a scheme which exceeds authority, community and user objectives in terms of cost, environmental protection and operational efficiency. The consultative process implemented for scheme development and optimisation of the REMS concept are discussed as are operational challenges and scheme benefits.

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Suter, PJ. "Wundacaenis, a new genus of Caenidae (Insecta : Ephemeroptera) from Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 7, no. 4 (1993): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9930787.

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A new genus, Wundacaenis, is erected for three new species of Australian caenid mayflies. The genus is diagnosed by possession of distinctive lobes on the anterolateral margins of the mesonotum. The distribution of Wundacaenis extends from the Kimberleys in Western Australia, through the Alligator Rivers Region in the Northern Territory, and down the eastern coast to the Shoalhaven River in New South Wales.

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Daly, Garry, and Philip Craven. "Monitoring populations of Heath FrogLitoria littlejohniin the Shoalhaven region on the south coast of New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 34, no. 2 (December 2007): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2007.014.

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Goldingay, Ross L. "Use of sap trees by the yellow-bellied glider in the Shoalhaven region of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 2 (2000): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99001.

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This study examined the use of sap trees by yellow-bellied gliders (Petaurus australis) at 33 sites scattered through approximately 10 000 ha of forest. In all, 62 grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata) trees were assessed during seven visits over a 2-year period for use by gliders in sap feeding (either currently or during the previous month). About 40% of trees had been used prior to each visit, indicating a very high pattern of use. About 29% of trees were used prior to many visits while 18% were not used at all. Gliders made small incisions on trees, apparently to test their suitability for sap feeding. These test incisions were seen several times on all the sap trees that remained unused during this study. They were made on about 60% of trees that were not used for sap feeding within the month prior to a visit. At 23 of the 33 sites, test incisions were also observed on E. punctata non-sap trees. These observations show that gliders actively check sap trees and non-sap trees. This study confirms the importance of sap trees to the yellow-bellied glider and highlights the need for further research that aims to identify the key parameters of these trees to which gliders respond. This would greatly facilitate the management and conservation of the yellow-bellied glider.

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Daly, Garry. "The distribution and status of the Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus in the Shoalhaven region of south-eastern New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 2 (December 2019): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2018.011.

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Surveys were conducted for the Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus within 50 km of Nowra, on the south coast of New South Wales using a variety of methods. Thirty-eight 250 m transects were surveyed at night for 30 min each and 0–12 adult frogs were detected during these searches. Additional diurnal searches for tadpoles proved to be the most efficient method to detect the species and locate breeding sites. Of 102 sites surveyed, fragmented populations were found at 27 by the presence of tadpoles and adult frogs. The vegetation at these sites was woodland and open forest with a dense shrublayer of heath, but was often ecotonal. Forty-six percent of the sites were within 100 m of cliff edges/waterfalls. The lithology of sites where the frog was found varied from Hawkesbury, Nowra and Snapper Point sandstones. The exception was a population south of Ulladulla that occurs on undifferentiated sediments, but at that site exposed sandstone and a sandy overlay was present. The location of tadpoles indicated that adults were highly selective of the section of drainage line used for breeding. Often these sites consisted of a few small pools in non-perennial creeks. Breeding behaviour was associated with late summer and autumn rain, but in some sites reproduction did not occur annually. Based on distribution and habitat preference, the region has five discrete populations. Urban development has fragmented populations.

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Lucas, Elizabeth, Elizabeth Halcomb, and Sandra McCarthy. "Connecting Care in the Community: what works and what doesn't." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15141.

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As the burden of chronic and complex disease grows, there is an emphasis on programs that enhance the quality of care within primary care. The Connecting Care in the Community (CCC) program is an example of the implementation of care integration. This qualitative study sought to explore the experiences general practice staff face in managing clients with chronic and complex care issues, and their perceptions of the contribution of the CCC program to this care. Seventeen general practice staff from 11 practices throughout the Illawarra/Shoalhaven region participated in semistructured interviews. Five main themes emerged: (1) awareness of the CCC program; (2) varying program exposure and value placed on the program; (3) practice ‘busyness’ and role confusion; (4) communication and information sharing; and (5) the need for staff education and knowledge of local resources. If policymakers and healthcare organisations can gain a better understanding of the experiences of general practice staff, they will be able to design and implement programs that best meet the needs of the providers that they are attempting to integrate.

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Toms, Renin, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, and Andrew Bonney. "Geographic variation in cardiometabolic risk distribution: A cross-sectional study of 256,525 adult residents in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of the NSW, Australia." PLOS ONE 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): e0223179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223179.

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A. Keith, David, and Judith Scott. "Native vegetation of coastal floodplains ? a diagnosis of the major plant communities in New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (2005): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050081.

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Coastal floodplains are among the most modified landscapes in southeastern Australia. We used available vegetation survey data for coastal alluvium and other unconsolidated Quarternary sediments to construct a diagnosis of the major plant communities and document their flora. We used soil landscape maps and historical portion plans to gain an understanding of the distribution and environmental relationships of the communities. The flora of coastal floodplains includes more than 1 000 native vascular plant taxa and more than 200 introduced taxa. The introduced flora is likely to be considerably larger, given that sampling was biased toward the least disturbed sites. Six major plant communities were diagnosed including a rainforest found north from the Shoalhaven floodplain, a mixed forest of eucalypts and melaleucas found north from Jervis Bay, a casuarina forest (sometimes with melaleuca) found throughout the coast, one open eucalypt forest found principally south from the Hunter region, another open eucalypt forest found north of the Hunter region and a complex of treeless wetland assemblages scattered throughout the coast. The extent and spatial arrangement of these communities varies between floodplains, with landform, rainfall, water regime and soil properties including moisture, fertility and salinity thought to be important factors mediating their distribution patterns. All six assemblages are listed as Endangered Ecological Communities under Threatened Species legislation. The coastal floodplain communities continue to be threatened by land clearing and crop conversion, fragmentation, changes to water flows, flooding and drainage, input of polluted runoff, weed invasion, activation of acid sulphate soils, climate change and degradation through rubbish dumping and other physical disturbances.

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Toms, Renin, Xiaoqi Feng, Darren J. Mayne, and Andrew Bonney. "Role of Area-Level Access to Primary Care on the Geographic Variation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Distribution: A Multilevel Analysis of the Adult Residents in the Illawarra—Shoalhaven Region of NSW, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124297.

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Background: Access to primary care is important for the identification, control and management of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). This study investigated whether differences in geographic access to primary care explained area-level variation in CMRFs. Methods: Multilevel logistic regression models were used to derive the association between area-level access to primary care and seven discrete CMRFs after adjusting for individual and area-level co-variates. Two-step floating catchment area method was used to calculate the geographic access to primary care for the small areas within the study region. Results: Geographic access to primary care was inversely associated with low high density lipoprotein (OR 0.94, CI 0.91–0.96) and obesity (OR 0.91, CI 0.88–0.93), after adjusting for age, sex and area-level disadvantage. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICCs) of all the fully adjusted models ranged between 0.4–1.8%, indicating low general contextual effects of the areas on CMRF distribution. The area-level variation in CMRFs explained by primary care access was ≤10.5%. Conclusion: The findings of the study support proportionate universal interventions for the prevention and control of CMRFs, rather than any area specific interventions based on their primary care access, as the contextual influence of areas on all the analysed CMRFs were found to be minimal. The findings also call for future research that includes other aspects of primary care access, such as road-network access, financial affordability and individual-level acceptance of the services in order to gain an overall picture of the area-level contributing role of primary care on CMRFs in the study region.

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Cross, Roger, Andrew Bonney, Darren J. Mayne, and Kathryn M. Weston. "Cross-sectional study of area-level disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in community health service users in the Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) cohort." Australian Health Review 43, no. 1 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16298.

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Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in health service users in the Illawarra–Shoalhaven region of New South Wales, Australia. Methods HbA1c values recorded between 2010 and 2012 for non-pregnant individuals aged ≥18 years were extracted from the Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) database. Individuals were assigned quintiles of the Socioeconomic Indices for Australia (SEIFA) Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) according to their Statistical Area 1 of residence. Glycaemic risk categories were defined as HbA1c 5.0–5.99% (lowest risk), 6.0–7.49% (intermediate risk) and ≥7.5% (highest risk). Logistic regression models were fit with glycaemic risk category as the outcome variable and IRSD as the study variable, adjusting for age and sex. Results Data from 29064 individuals were analysed. Higher disadvantage was associated with belonging to a higher glycaemic risk category in the fully adjusted model (most disadvantaged vs least disadvantaged quintile; odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.58, 1.93; P<0.001). Conclusion In this geocoded clinical dataset, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage was a significant correlate of increased glycaemic-related risk. Geocoded clinical data can inform more targeted use of health service resources, with the potential for improved health care equity and cost-effectiveness. What is known about the topic? The rapid increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), both globally and nationally within Australia, is a major concern for the community and public health agencies. Individual socioeconomic disadvantage is a known risk factor for abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM), including T2D. Although small-area-level socioeconomic disadvantage is a known correlate of AGM in Australia, less is known of the association of area-level disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in individuals with AGM. What does this paper add? This study demonstrates a robust association between small-area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in regional New South Wales. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to use geocoded, routinely collected clinical data to identify communities at increased health risk. What are the implications for practitioners? The identification of at-risk populations is an essential step towards targeted public health policy and programs aimed at reducing the burden of AGM, its complications and the associated economic costs. Collaboration between primary care and public health in the collection and use of data described in the present study has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of both sectors.

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Breitbarth, A., A. Lochhead, and C. K. C. Loo. "Impact of the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology in the Illawarra Shoalhaven regions of NSW." Pathology 45 (2013): S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pat.0000426911.39661.02.

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Watson, Kalynda M. A., Katarina M. Mikac, and Sibylle G. Schwab. "Population Genetics of the Invasive Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes, in South-Eastern Australia." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050786.

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The use of genetic information in conservation biology has become more widespread with genetic information more readily available for non-model organisms. It has also been recognized that genetic information from invasive species can inform their management and control. The red fox poses a significant threat to Australian native fauna and the agricultural industry. Despite this, there are few recently published studies investigating the population genetics of foxes in Australia. This study investigated the population genetics of 94 foxes across the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of New South Wales, Australia. Diversity Array sequencing technology was used to genotype a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (N = 33,375). Moderate genetic diversity and relatedness were observed across the foxes sampled. Low to moderate levels of inbreeding, high-levels of identity-by-state values, as well as high identity-by-descent values were also found. There was limited evidence for population genetic structure among the foxes across the landscape sampled, supporting the presence of a single population across the study area. This indicates that there may be no barriers hindering fox dispersal across the landscape.

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Walsan, Ramya, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, Nagesh Pai, and Andrew Bonney. "Examining the Association between Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203905.

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This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with T2D comorbidity in SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals with an SMI living in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, between 2010 and 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used to assess the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and SMI -T2D comorbidity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth. Compared with the most advantaged neighbourhoods, residents in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had 3.2 times greater odds of having SMI–T2D comorbidity even after controlling for confounding factors (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.42–7.20). The analysis also revealed significant geographic variation in the distribution of SMI -T2D comorbidity in our sample (Median Odds Ratio = 1.35) Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage accounted for approximately 17.3% of this geographic variation. These findings indicate a potentially important role for geographically targeted initiatives designed to enhance prevention and management of SMI–T2D comorbidity in disadvantaged communities.

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Fleeting, David, and Ian Wright. "Sewage: from liability to asset, the shoalhaven REMS project. Australia's largest regional waste water re-cycling scheme that has greatly reduced effluent discharge to sensitive waterways and helped increase dairy farm productivity. An overview of this comparatively simple project after 20 years of initial operation, REMS stages 1A + 1B." Water Practice and Technology, May 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.042.

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Abstract An overview of the REclaimed Water Management Scheme (REMS), Stages 1A & 1B undertaken by Shoalhaven Water, the water utility of Shoalhaven City Council, NSW, Australia, after its first twenty years of operation. REMS is one of the largest recycled effluent projects undertaken by a local government in Australia. REMS utilises tertiary treated re-claimed sewage water from the urban centres and utilises it, in lieu of potable water, for agricultural and sports field irrigation, while diverting discharge away from sensitive waterways. The REMS project was initiated to address three primary issues: Public outcry over sewage discharge into sensitive Bay/River/Ocean environments including Jervis Bay and the Shoalhaven River. To assist the Dairy industry though providing resistance to drought. To upgrade the sewerage system to enable development and address the demands of a greatly increased population. This paper places the scheme in the context of an integrated Water Utility and Local Government body, engaging stakeholders in extensive consultation, and embarking on a large project designed to have significant Environmental and Economic outcomes, culminating in an integrated multi-plant capture, treatment and distribution system. The project is focussed upon agricultural use of recycled water that has wide support public support, and benefits to both the Dairy farmers and Oyster farmers of the region. The paper examines REMS' success, its future expanded capabilities, and its application as a scalable model elsewhere.

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Toms, Renin, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, and Andrew Bonney. "Geographic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence explained by area-level disadvantage in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of the NSW, Australia." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (July 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69552-4.

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Johnston, Rosi, Jennifer Norman, Susan Furber, Julie Parkinson, and Helen Trevena. "The barriers and enablers to implementing the New South Wales Healthy School Canteen Strategy in secondary schools in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions – A qualitative study." Health Promotion Journal of Australia, August 25, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hpja.528.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shoalhaven region'

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