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Journal articles on the topic 'Ships'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Paulauskas, Vytautas, Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz, and Donatas Paulauskas. "Navigation of Ships in Channel Bends under Special Conditions Using Sensors Systems." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 8783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228783.

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Navigational channels and approaches to ports may have bends that constitute the specific sailing conditions for ships. A vessel’s entrance into a bend and its safe passing depends on the ship’s position accuracy, turn angle, and internal and external forces influencing the ships, as well as the captain’s or pilot’s experience. In order to assure a ship’s safe navigation under specific conditions, the possibility to measure individual ship movement parameters with the use of special sensors is needed to accurately calculate the ship’s trajectory considering the specific dimensions of ships. Moreover, hydro-meteorological and hydrological limitations for ships with different parameters and maneuverability should be evaluated in advance. The article aims to develop the methodology for calculating ships’ route trajectory in channel bends and approaches to ports under special navigational conditions. The mathematical model that may be used to calculate wind velocity limitations and distance crossed by a ship during maneuvers, depending on the ship’s maneuverability, hydro-metrological, and hydrological conditions, was elaborated. The methodology was verified by the example of a few ships entering specific channel bends. Wind velocity limitations depending on wind direction for the SUEZMAX tanker and other selected types of ships during crossing navigational channel bend near Klaipeda port were calculated. The presented theoretical basis may be used by ships’ captains and pilots who plan and perform operations of vessels’ crossing the approaches to ports and navigational channel bends, as well as by navigational channels designers who plan the channel’s parameters in difficult geographical and navigational conditions. Its application may influence the safety increase of maritime transport in limited or specific areas.
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2

Gucma, Lucjan, Andrzej Bąk, and Sylwia Sokołowska. "Stochastic Model of Ships Traffic Capacity and Congestion — Validation by Real Ships Traffic Data on Świnoujście — Szczecin Waterway." Annual of Navigation 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2017-0013.

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AbstractPaper presents validation of previously created stochastic ships traffic stream model by the real data of ships delays on Świnoujście — Szczecin waterway. The model is mostly based on Monte Carlo methodology. The model is microscopic which means that each ship’s model is treated as separate object possessing given attributes. As the main parameter of presented validation total waiting (delay) time of ships have been applied. The time of ships delays was possessed from Szczecin VTS centre and compared with the model output.
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Stoynov, Stoyno, and Borislav Nikolov. "Approach To Ship’s It And Ot Systems Cybersecurity Improvement." Pedagogika-Pedagogy 93, no. 7s (August 31, 2021): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/ped21-7s.16appr.

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Daily cyber-attacks on ships’ IT and OT systems are not a rare occurrence anymore. This has been taken into account in recent years and the IMO has issued directives and circulars with recommendations for increasing the cybersecurity of ship information systems as part of the overall ship security system. The effect of a successful cyber-attack of any kind, on elements of the ship’s IT and OT systems, can have a disastrous impact not only on the ship itself but also on the environment. While modern ships can be designed and all modern methods implemented to reduce and prevent the possibility of cyber-attacks onboard existing ships, it is not possible to achieve this security level and it is necessary to implement various solutions. At the same time, the ships’ crew is declining worldwide and most ships do not have IT officers or trained staff onboard to maintain the ship’s information systems. Because of that, the solutions that need to be put in place to increase the security of ship’s information systems must be easy to implement, use, and maintain. This article examines the need and some technical solutions that can be used to improve the cybersecurity of ship’s IT and OT systems in response to the existing cyber-attacks and threats in the global shipping and maritime industry.
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Kim, Seongwan, Heemoon Kim, and Hyeonmin Jeon. "Development of a Simplified Performance Monitoring System for Small and Medium Sized Ships." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2023): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091734.

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Regulations on emissions from ships are being strengthened, and emission reduction systems and alternative technologies are being developed. In addition, the amount of emissions is closely related to the performance of the propulsion systems of the ship; however, performance measurement systems have mainly been developed for large commercial ships. For small and medium-sized ships, although the output of the propulsion system is rather low, the number of vessels sailing in the coast is very high. Therefore, a performance-monitoring system is required for small and medium-sized ships. However, for small and medium-sized ships, there are no suitable performance and emissions calculation systems. Conventional performance-measuring and analysis systems for large ships have difficulties in terms of their cost and installation when applied to small and medium-sized ships. In this study, a new system was developed that is able to calculate the speed, power, fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emission assumptions, and efficiency of a ship by receiving simple key data such as GPS, fuel flow, and rpm data rather than checking the ship’s condition using massive forms of data. The system transmits data to the shore’s remote-monitoring center in real-time through a communication network. Using these data, it is possible to estimate a ship’s aging factor, engine performance, amount of exhaust gas, etc., and the accumulated data of all coastal ships in a country can be used as basic data for governments to use to support eco-friendly ship policies.
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5

Gucma, Stanisław, and Wojciech Ślączka. "Analysis of Simulation Visualizations of Shipš Traffic." Journal of Konbin 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10040-008-0102-y.

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Analysis of Simulation Visualizations of Shipš Traffic In the article the problem of comparison and compatibility of the results of simulation research have been conducted on various simulators of ship's traffic with two different methods of visualization (types of visualizations) is being examined. In both cases the similar mathematical model of ships' traffic has been applied which had been verified by the methods used in marine traffic engineering. The research have been conducting on the new designed LNG terminal in Świnoujście.
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6

Woo, Donghan, Hun Choe, and Nam-Kyun Im. "Analysis of the Relationship between GM and IMO Intact Stability Parameters to Propose Simple Evaluation Methodology." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070735.

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Securing a ship’s safe stability is essential. Thus, monitoring the stability parameters of the IMO requirements is required to provide an alert about the risk of the safety of ships’ stability to the captain, officers, and the crew of a ship. However, calculating all ships’ intact stability parameters is complex without ship loading software or equipment. To evaluate ships’ intact stability parameters, a convenient methodology to simply calculate them is necessary as a supplementary method for ships in the absence of loading software or equipment. In the present study, the Simple Evaluation Methodology for Intact Stability (SEMIS) is proposed. SEMIS is introduced for simply evaluating the safety of ships’ stability according to GM. Based on the stability parameters of 336 loading conditions of 19 model ships, empirical formulas of SEMIS are derived. To verify the proposed methodology, the stability parameters of two model ships in 28 loading conditions are calculated using the proposed empirical formulas and the principal calculation methods, respectively, and then compared. The developed SEMIS efficiently evaluates the ships’ stability using only GM.
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7

V. Spyropoulos, Dionysios, and Epaminondas D. Mitronikas. "A Review on the Faults of Electric Machines Used in Electric Ships." Advances in Power Electronics 2013 (March 5, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/216870.

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Electric propulsion systems are today widely applied in modern ships, including transport ships and warships. The ship of the future will be fully electric, and not only its propulsion system but also all the other services will depend on electric power. The robust and reliable operation of the ship’s power system is essential. In this work, a review on the mechanical and electrical faults of electric machines that are used in electric ships is presented.
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8

Tarnapowicz, Dariusz, and Sergiej German-Galkin. "International Standardization in the Design of “Shore to Ship” - Power Supply Systems of Ships in Port." Management Systems in Production Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2018-0001.

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Abstract The decisive source of air pollution emissions in ports is the berthed ships. This is primarily caused by the work of ship’s autonomous generator sets. One way of reducing the air pollution emissions in ports is the supply of ships from electricity inland system. The main problem connected with the power connection of ships to the inland network is caused by different values of levels and frequencies of voltages in these networks (in various countries) in relation to different values of levels and frequencies of voltages present in the ship’s network. It is also important that the source power can range from a few hundred kW up to several MW. In order to realize a universal „Shore to Ship” system that allows the connection of ships to the electricity inland network, the international standardization is necessary. This article presents the current recommendations, standards and regulations for the design of „Shore to Ship” systems.
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9

Ghys, Roger, and Neil W. Cormack. "An Investigation into the Loss of the Steel Bark Admiral Karpfanger ex L'Avenir." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 04 (October 1, 2004): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.4.141.

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As the era of the deep-water commercial sailing ships was coming to its close, several steamship companies with concern for their deck officer requirements decided to train their future officers as cadets in training ships under their own house flags. These were in the form of square-rigged vessels fitted to accommodate several cadets. They were classified as cargo-cum-cadet ships, and for the purpose existing ships were purchased. The cadets were given instruction in seamanship, navigation, cargo stowage, sailmaking, boatwork, and ship's business, all with the object that on graduation and so qualified they would be posted to company steamships as deck officers.
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10

Kang, Eun-Ji, Hyeong-Tak Lee, and Ik-Soon Cho. "Analysis of Allowable Berthing Velocity by Ship Size considering Designed Energy." Korea Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.20481/kscdp.2021.8.4.297.

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The berthing velocity is the factor that has the greatest influence on the berthing energy. For the vessel to berth safely, it should not exceed the appropriate berthing velocity. In addition, when the vessel is berthing, it should be berthed with berthing energy smaller than the energy absorption of the fender. This study intends to derive the allowable berthing velocity by ship size considering the berthing capacity. When a small vessel berth, the allowable berthing velocity is greater than when a relatively large vessel berths. In this study, the extrapolated velocity is defined as the relative value of the ship’s berthing velocity when considering the ship's size and the berthing capacity. A regression equation for the allowable berthing velocity by ship size was derived by calculating the designed berthing energy for each fender performance. It was also verified whether any ships were exceeding the allowable berthing velocity by comparing it with the measured data for each jetty. In addition, the extrapolated velocity was proposed using the regression equation, and as a result of applying the measured data, 11 ships exceeded the designed velocity in jetty 1, but it was confirmed that all ships were safely berthed in jetty 2,3. Therefore, the target pier of this study was evaluated as a pier where ships can be berthed safely. A safer berthing velocity operation guideline can be suggested if the allowable berthing velocity by ship size is analyzed and utilized at various piers. Extrapolated velocity can also be used for risk analysis of berthing.
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11

Carroll, Toni L., and Donald H. Keith. "Sailing ships, air ships, star ships: Into the millennium." Historical Archaeology 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03374320.

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12

Li, Kun, Wendi Liu, Fangfang Jiao, and Yongbo Ji. "Analysis on carbon emission reduction path and expected effect of inland river ships in China." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901061.

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In order to systematically study the carbon emission reduction path suitable for China's inland river ships, this paper analyzes the actual situation of China's inland river ships ' operation scale, fleet structure, fuel consumption, etc., and combines the development of domestic and foreign carbon emission reduction technologies and the ship's own operating characteristics. Carbon emission reduction technology paths for China's inland river ships have been proposed in this paper, which includes different tonnage classes, different ship ages, and different types of river ships. Also, the expected application effects of each technology path are analyzed in depth in this paper. The research results can give a certain support for the implementation of carbon emission reduction in China's shipping industry.
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13

Siagian, Josua, I. Nengah Putra Apriyanto, and Kaharuddin Djenod. "STUDI LITERATUR: PERFORMA MODEL KAPAL BENTUK MONOHULL, KATAMARAN DAN TRIMARAN." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2022): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i3.102.

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Along development of technology from time to time, makes the shipping sector have experienced development. This made the Indonesian geverment place the maritime sector into a priority program in national development. The development of ships occur from various scopes, this things takes the development of ships in terms of the number of hulls such as single hull (monohull), double hull (catamaran), and with three hulls (trimaran). This research uses a literature method that will analyze the results of previous research related to the ship’s performance. The purpose of this research to determine the best performance between ships with monohull, catamaran and also trimaran forms. The results of this research are expected to be a basic reference for selecting the ship’s hull to be fabricated in the future, whether in terms of tourism, military, etc. the results of this research indicate in terms of stability ships with trimaran hulls have good stability among others. This is because trimaran ships have a larger surface area than monohull and catamaran. With the ratio of the width and height of the ship makes the catamaran have good stability. In terms of resistance, catamaran ships have the smallest resistance than others, but this influenced by the demihull distance factor which makes the waves formed from each hull not collide with each other. In terms of seakeeping, the catamaran is the best in case of heaving, rolling and pitching conditions from all heading angles.
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14

Tang, Yingjie, Junmin Mou, Linying Chen, and Yang Zhou. "Review of Ship Behavior Characteristics in Mixed Waterborne Traffic." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020139.

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Through the continuous development of intellectualization, considering the lifecycle of ships, the future of a waterborne traffic system is bound to be a mixed scenario where intelligent ships of different autonomy levels co-exist, i.e., mixed waterborne traffic. According to the three modules of ships’ perception, decision-making, and execution, the roles of humans and machines under different autonomy levels are analyzed. This paper analyzes and summarizes the intelligent algorithms related to the three modules proposed in the last five years. Starting from the characteristics of the algorithms, the behavior characteristics of ships with different autonomous levels are analyzed. The results show that in terms of information perception, relying on the information perception techniques and risk analysis methods, the ship situation can be judged, and the collision risk is evaluated. The risk can be expressed in two forms, being graphical and numerical. The graphical images intuitively present the risk level, while the numerical results are easier to apply into the control link of ships. In the future, it could be considered to establish a risk perception system with digital and visual integration, which will be more efficient and accurate in risk identification. With respect to intelligent decision-making, currently, unmanned ships mostly use intelligent algorithms to make decisions and tend to achieve both safe and efficient collision avoidance goals in a high-complexity manner. Finally, regarding execution, the advanced power control devices could improve the ship’s maneuverability, and the motion control algorithms help to achieve the real-time control of the ship’s motion state, so as to further improve the speed and accuracy of ship motion control. With the upgrading of the autonomy level, the ship’s behavior develops in a safer, more efficient, and more environment-friendly manner.
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15

Yang, Shujie, and Wei Sun. "Effective Ship Domains Considering Ship Encounter Situations and Speeds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012031.

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Abstract Ship domain is an important concept in assessing navigation situation and planning collision avoidance manoeuvres of a ship. For purpose of improving the precision and adaptability of the ship domains, effective ship domains are proposed for ships with different speeds in a variety of encounter situations in this work. Firstly, the COLREGs-based division of encounter types and corresponding collision avoidance actions are further optimized. Therefore, the problem of unclear division of responsibilities caused by the intersection of relative position and relative heading is resolved. On this basis, ship domains are determined by the encounter situations and the target ship’s speed. More specifically, the ship domain is approximated to a circle, and the dependence of the domain size on the encounter situation and the target ship’s speed has been analysed and described, that enable us to determine effective ships domains for ships varying in speeds and encounter situations. The simulation results show that ships can make effective collision-avoidance actions in different encounter scenarios based on the optimized COLREGs-based division of encounter types and effective ship domains.
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16

Maulidi, A., T. Irmiyana, A. F. Ilman, Annafiyah, and Kuzzairi. "The development of internet-of-things (IoT)-based safety monitoring system in north sea madura." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012013.

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Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where an object has the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction, used in the navigation and monitoring systems for ships safety. This monitoring system receives data from the AIS Transceiver, the equipment installed, and integrated with the ship’s network infrastructure. The equipment transmits signatures tracking the ships sailing and going ashore as the AIS Receiverreceives them. By the increasing number of ships transporting fuels and natural gas from mine-producing areas in the north sea Madura, passenger and cargo ships heading to Surabaya port. The development of an IoT-based monitoring system is prominent, it will ease to monitor the movements of ships. It may also become the basis for further developing ships monitoring systems to improve safety operating in the north sea Madura. In the initial system design, the system can transmit and receive static data, such as ships’ID and names. Then it can transmit and receive dynamic data, such as the ships’ geographical coordinate, to identify marine traffic around the areas. Later, this system could be developed so that it not only collects data but also proceeds the data to analyze the ships condition.
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17

Krata, Przemysław, and Jacek Jachowski. "Dynamic Heeling Moment Due to Liquid Sloshing in a Rectangular Tank of Different Dimensions and Elevation in Ship’S Hull / Dynamiczny Moment Przechylający Od Swobodnych Powierzchni Cieczy W Prostokątnym Zbiorniku Okrętowym O Różnych Wymiarach I Lokalizacji Pionowej." Journal of KONBiN 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0005.

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Abstract Liquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships’ tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel and her safety on seaway, however, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays. The presented investigation is focused on dynamic approach towards liquid motion onboard ships. The set of numerical simulations of liquid sloshing taking place in moving tanks is carried out in terms of tank’s dimensions and its elevation within ship’s hull. A number of characteristics of the heeling moment due to liquid sloshing is obtained and analyzed.
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18

Han, J., and M. Murai. "A parametric study on the initial transverse stability of suspension ships." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012021.

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Abstract Suspension ships are a novel type of ships that utilize a suspension system as an integral part of their structure. One critical aspect of a suspension ship is its stability characteristics. The parameters that affect the initial transverse stability of these ships include the ship’s mass ratio, loaded height of suspension, placement location height of suspension, and beam. It is found that designing a suspension ship in monohull configuration is more difficult than in a catamaran configuration. Special attention is required when the static mass ratio is below 2 for both monohulls and catamarans.
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19

PINHEIRO, Liliana, Conceicao FORTES, Maria Teresa REIS, Joao SANTOS, and Carlos GUEDES SOARES. "RISK FORECAST SYSTEM FOR MOORED SHIPS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.37.

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Port terminals downtimes lead to large economic losses and largely affect the port's overall competitiveness. In the majority of cases, port activities such as ships' approach maneuvers and loading/unloading operations, are conditioned or suspended, based solely on weather or wave forecasts. These forecasts do not always result in effective hazardous conditions for the ships. Additionally, moored ships often experience problems of excessive movements and mooring forces in apparent good weather conditions. If, instead, one could forecast the ships' movements and mooring forces, risk assessment would be much more accurate. This would allow selecting an appropriate reinforced mooring arrangement and thus minimizing effective terminal downtime. In this paper, the development of a risk forecast system for moored ships, that takes into account all of the moored ship's system, is detailed and an illustration on how it applies to real ports is presented.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ugDN9Tqno3E
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20

Lamb, Thomas, Nathaniel Beavers, Thomas Ingram, and Anton Schmieman. "The Benefits and Cost Impact of Aluminum Naval Ship Structure." Journal of Ship Production and Design 27, no. 01 (February 1, 2011): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2011.27.1.35.

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Due to budget pressure and a growing diversity of mission requirements, the US Navy is in need of affordable and operation-flexible ships. This paper presents an acquisition and total life cycle cost comparison of steel and aluminum equivalent naval ship designs. A common perception is that aluminum ships cost significantly more than steel ships. This paper illustrates that even though the cost of the equivalent aluminum ship structure is 40% more than the steel structure, the equivalent aluminum naval ship can be built within just 7.5% of the acquisition price of the steel ship. This is possible because of the cascading benefits of the aluminum ship's significantly lighter weight. Advances in aluminum technology and new facilities in the shipyards for aluminum production are further improving the acquisition cost of aluminum ship. From a total life cycle cost perspective, aluminum ships enjoy a clear advantage over steel ships, the details of which are provided in this paper. Based on the findings presented in the paper, it is suggested that the US Navy should consider broadening its use of aluminum ships.
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21

Knežević, Vlatko, Radoslav Radonja, and Čedomir Dundović. "Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for the Port of Zadar." Pomorstvo 32, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.2.9.

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This paper estimates the exhaust gases emissions from ships in the international marine traffic in the port of Zadar. The emission results refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). The methodology that has been applied, so called “bottom-up” approach, uses detailed data on ship’s characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The estimated inventory for the port of Zadar includes overall marine traffic from the passenger and cargo terminals. The exhaust gases emissions have been divided into three ship’s activities: cruising in the reduce speed zone, hotelling (at berth) and manoeuvring. The results (tons/year) have shown that approximately 80% of total emissions come from passenger ships and 20% from cargo ships.
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Abedin, Joynal, Francis Franklin, and S. M. Ikhtiar Mahmud. "Linear Longitudinal Strength Analysis of a Multipurpose Cargo Ship under Combined Bending and Torsional Load." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010059.

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Cargo ships with wide hatches usually have thin walls and limited torsional rigidity. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive torsional analysis is important because these loads can exert a significant impact. In this paper, the structural response of a multipurpose cargo ship to combined bending and torsional loads is studied using finite element analysis. The bending and torsional moments are calculated following the rules and standard regulations followed by the classification society. The ship’s 3D finite element model was verified using beam theory and direct calculations. In contrast, the accuracy of torsional stress was confirmed by comparing thin wall girder theory with direct calculation results. This study thoroughly examined the impacts of the still water bending moment, the vertical wave bending moment, and the wave-induced torsional moment on the structural response of ships. Furthermore, it scrutinised the impact of torsion on both open-deck and closed-deck ships. Hull girder normal stresses at midship due to still water and the vertical wave bending moment are shown to contribute to almost 70% of total stress in an inclined condition; stresses resulting from the horizontal wave bending moment contribute nearly 10%, while warping stresses contribute approximately 20% in open-deck ships. It is also shown that torsion has little impact on closed-deck ships. Finally, a buckling analysis was conducted to assess the ship’s buckling criteria, confirming that the linear buckling criteria were satisfied.
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Zeinurrohman, Rangga, Andi Trimulyono, Ardhana Wicaksono, Eko Sasmito Hadi, Samuel Samuel, Muhammad Luqman Hakim, and Dedi Budi Purwanto. "Analysis of empirical method for predicting maneuverability of ultra-large container ship using Maneuvering Modelling Group (MMG) model." SINERGI 28, no. 2 (May 5, 2024): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2024.2.016.

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International Maritime Organization (IMO) provided manoeuvrability standards for all ships above 100 m to ensure the ship's safety and surroundings. In the preliminary design stage, one way to ensure a ship's manoeuvrability under IMO standards is to use empirical methods that are cheaper and less time-consuming than model tests. Empirical methods used analysis regression to develop their formula from the model test result database, and their formula depends on ship hull parameters and dimension ratios such as , , , and . However, the database of the existing empirical formulas is limited to small-medium merchant ships and fishing vessels, as consequences for larger ships are inaccurate and have a significant error in predicting ship manoeuvres. This study modified the existing empirical formulas by adding specified ship data into the existing database and analyzing the accuracy of predicting ship manoeuvres using the Maneuvering Modelling Group (MMG) model. We verify by adding the selected ship data into the existing database, which shows improvement in predicting ship manoeuvres. The modified formulas show improvement by only giving 5% RMSE of tactical diameter and 3% RMSE of ship advance in turning manoeuvre, and this is a 78% overall improvement in predicting the turning motion of ultra-large container ships compared to previous formulas. The quantitative and qualitative produce better estimation result that indicates the right track to derive the empirical formulas for Ultra-Large Container ships.
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Cepowski, Tomasz. "Regression Formulas for The Estimation of Engine Total Power for Tankers, Container Ships and Bulk Carriers on The Basis of Cargo Capacity and Design Speed." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0010.

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Abstract This article presents regression formulas for the preliminary design of tankers, bulk carriers and container vessels, based on the data of ships built from 2000 to 2018. The formulas could have practical application for the estimation of total engine power by using ship’s deadweight or TEU capacity and speed. The regressions presented in this article are based on the most recent data and were developed for individual sub-types of tankers, bulk carriers and container ships. The presented regressions comply with trends found in the literature and offer greater accuracy for characteristics of new-built ships.
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Liu, Shukui, and Apostolos Papanikolaou. "On Nonlinear Simulation Methods and Tools for Evaluating the Performance of Ships and Offshore Structures in Waves." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/563182.

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This paper describes the development of alternative time domain numerical simulation methods for predicting large amplitude motions of ships and floating structures in response to incoming waves in the frame of potential theory. The developed alternative set of time domain methods simulate the hydrodynamic forces acting on ships advancing in waves with constant speed. For motions’ simulation, the diffraction forces and radiation forces are calculated up to the mean wetted surface, while the Froude-Krylov forces and hydrostatic restoring forces are calculated up to the undisturbed incident wave surface in case of large incident wave amplitude. This enables the study of the above waterline hull form effect. Characteristic case studies on simulating the hydrodynamic forces and motions of standard type of ships have been conducted for validation purpose. Good agreement with other numerical codes and experimental data has been observed. Furthermore, the added resistance of ships in waves can be calculated by the presented methods. This capability supports the increased demand of this type of tools for the proper selection of engine/propulsion systems accounting for ship’s performance in realistic sea conditions, or when optimizing ship’s sailing route for minimum fuel consumption and toxic gas emissions.
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Prill, Katarzyna, Cezary Behrendt, Marcin Szczepanek, and Iwona Michalska-Pożoga. "A New Method of Determining Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator for Specialized Ships." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051082.

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Limitation of CO2 emission is one of the main goals and regulations introduced by the international institutions’ rules. In the case of ships using oil-related and gas fuels this problem is dealt with by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introducing the methodology of Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) determining for ships being under exploitation. The methodology allows for determining EEOI for seven types of ships, for which the value of this index depends on the amount of transported cargo or number of passengers, type of and amount of fuel used, as well as distance travelled by the ship. Such a methodology cannot be used for the specialized ships, whose exploitation tasks are different to the ships of the trade fleet that transport the cargo or the passengers. The methodology allows for determining EEOI for seven types of ships and it does not include specialized ships. The article presents a new methodology of determining EEOI for specialized ships that takes the characteristics of their exploitation into consideration. The way of its use has been presented taking into account the results of exploitation studies carried out on the chosen research and training ship. Obtained results and their analysis allowed for energy efficiency assessment of research and training ships depending on exploitation tasks, voyage time, type of fuel used, distance travelled and ship’s speed. EEOI index value determines energy efficiency of the vessel power system that is directly connected to the amount of the liquid or gas fuel used and the amount of emitted CO2. The aim should be to minimalize the value of EEOI index through planning of the exploitation tasks realization order and adjusting the speed of the ship as well as realization time of particular exploitation tasks, in the case of specialized ships. The analysis results can also be used when managing energy efficiency of these types of ships.
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Vio, Igor, and Mate Brdar. "Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships – International and National Legal Framework." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 62, no. 1 (August 2022): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2022.62.09.

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The use of autonomous ships in shipping industry is increasingly being analysed and occupies the maritime sector. In the maritime industry, the introduction of autonomous underwater crafts began first this trend, after which the development of autonomous surface ships has followed. Unmanned vessels include ships operated remotely by an operator on land and autonomous ships that are fully operated by the computer programmes and only in exceptional situations the ship’s crewmembers or other human resources may be involved. The commercial application of these facilities is becoming more and more certain and this topic is increasingly being discussed. This trend obviously poses a huge challenge to all maritime actors, as well as lawmakers at international and national level. Namely, although the current development of maritime law has effectively regulated most of new technologies, all these standards and regulations have been adapted for the use of the conventional manned ships. A number of questions concerning the possible change in international and national regulations regarding the implementation of autonomous ships have been raised. It is considered as a priority within the framework of IMO unification instruments and changes in the Maritime Code of the Republic of Croatia. This paper presents various legal aspects of the use of autonomous ships with the aim to define the autonomous ship and to examine how present international conventions and national regulations could adapt to provide the legal framework to the introduction of autonomous ships.
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Zeng, Ji, Bowen Jin, He Zhang, Songyan Mai, Bo Yuan, Hui Jiang, Mengkai Yang, and Chaochun Huang. "The Mathematical Model of Marine Engine Room Equipment Based on Machine Learning." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8366670.

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This study is aimed at reducing the occurrence of oil spill accidents in the engine room of ships and carries out risk prevention for the equipment of the port ships, thereby reducing pollution to the marine ecological environment. Firstly, the concepts and principles of cluster analysis and ship automatic identification system are expounded. Secondly, the data information collected by the ship’s automatic identification system (AIS) is combined with density-based cluster analysis. The accident area and extent at different stages of the ship’s engine room equipment are classified. Finally, cluster analysis is used to evaluate the risk of equipment of the port ship engine room. The results show that there are 43000 ship operation information points in port a, the average operating speed of ships is 9 kilometers, and the fastest operation speed is 16.9 kilometers. In addition, many ship routes in port a need to take risk prevention measures to minimize the impact between ships and reduce the risk of oil leakage in the engine room. The proposed cabin model can easily and quickly analyze the orientation information of the ship and classify all the data into different types according to the surrounding information points. AIS can realize the information transfer between ships and between ship and shore. Information such as the position, speed, and direction of the ship needs to be accurately known to ensure safety at sea. These data need to relate to some terminals and networks to form a maritime monitoring network. The ship AIS based on cluster analysis can cluster the areas where the ship’s speed and direction change significantly in the port area, effectively preventing accidents. Scientific risk prevention measures can effectively reduce the oil leakage risk of ship engine room equipment, improve the working efficiency of marine engines, and provide a strong foundation for the entire marine ecological environment protection.
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Zeng, Fan Chao, Jian Jun Weng, Yang Zhou, and Zhi Xin Guo. "Study on the Safe Distance between Offshore Oil and Gas Fixed Platform and Ship Customary Routes." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2296.

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With an increasing number of the offshore oil and gas fixed platforms, the traffic environment is becoming more complicated, which will have a negative impact on the safety of both platforms and ships around. Considering the operation method and safety of the offshore oil and gas fixed platform, and the ship’s motion when being not under command, the safe distance between the platform and the ships’ customary routes is determined according to the big and frequent ship type sailing in the routes. The safe distance calculation result provides a basis for both the site selection and the distance keeping for ships passing by the platform and the water around.
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Davydov, V. S., and I. O. Liubarets. "WAYS TO IMPROVE THE STEERING OF LARGE CONTAINER SHIPS IN DIFFICULT NAVIGATIONAL AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS." Shipping & Navigation 34, no. 1 (May 5, 2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/2306-5761.34.2023.52-58.

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The article examines the challenges of operating large container ships in difficult navigational and hydrometeorological conditions. The latest research and publications on the peculiarities of such vessels, such as their large windage area, which depends on their size and carrying capacity are reviewed. Some cases of maneuvering large container ships and the reasons why they become almost uncontrolled at low speeds even with little wind are analysed. The article also discusses the features of the engines and propulsion of these ships, which limit their minimum speed and affect their controllability. The article shows how the rudder and propeller interact with the wind force to create a torque that influences the ship’s stability. A mathematical condition for maintaining the ship’s controllability under wind influence is provided. The article suggests some promising ways of increasing the safety of large container ships by using navigation and control systems, tugs, and new rules for regulating their movement. Attention was drawn to the need to use optical-electronic observation of space satellites to monitor the weather conditions in the busiest sea routes and to predict the weather changes that may affect the ship’s operation. This way, it will be possible to forecast the weather for the next day with sufficient accuracy, which is essential for the safe navigation of canals, challenging areas or port calls of large vessels. Keywords: navigation safety, control and navigation, container ship, windage area of the ship.
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KIJI, Noboru, and Masanobu TOYODA. "Ships." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 81, no. 3 (2012): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.81.169.

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Sutantyo, Erwin, and Susanti Susanti. "Peranan Alat Deteksi Kebakaran Dalam Menunjang Keselamatan di Kapal MT. Mabrouk." Jurnal Maritim Polimarin 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.52492/jmp.v8i1.53.

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One of the efforts to prevent or reduce accidents at work is the use of work safety tools. Fires can occur anywhere, one of which can occur in water transportation equipment, namely ships. Ship accidents caused by fire hazards are very likely to occur. Ships must be detected early to prevent the occurrence of such fires. Therefore, it is necessary to know the use of fire detection equipment in supporting safety on ships. The aim is to prevent fire hazards from spreading and support the ship’s safety, cargo, and, humans. life. This research was carried out on the ship MT Mabrouk. The method used in this research /is a qualitative method that produces descriptive data. Based on the results of research and discussion of problems regarding the fire detection equipment, It was found that there were problems with the ship's lack of coordination with the company and the responsibility of the ship's officers for fire detection equipment that is lacking so that the fire detection device does not function properly. Therefore, the captain must ensure that safety equipment such as tools to start activities to achieve safety from fire hazards is also carried out to control reports made by officers responsible for this equipment. The results of the research and observation can be concluded that shipping companies pay less attention to safety for their crews including ships and their cargo because of a lack of concern for the procurement of safety equipment on board. The author’ is that it is hoped that the participation of shipping companies in supporting the procurement of ship safety equipment for safety at sea.
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Havgar, Margrethe K. H. "Sessrúmnir og seilende vindhester Skip som konsept i førkristen, norrøn verdensforståelse." Viking 83, no. 1 (November 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/viking.8252.

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Ships appear in several, varied contexts in the Viking Age. These contexts are in this article used to discuss the ship’s connection to overall pre-Christian, Norse mentality. Kennings such as byrjar drösla (sailing wind horse) shows the ship’s connection to horses, considered as independent agents able to cross between spheres. This, in particular, is discussed in connection to Freya’s hall Sessrúmnir, a hall which also appears on a list of ships in Skaldskaparmál. Based on the analyses presented in this article, it is argued that ships were connected to a complex, inference-based framework of understanding where they had several, varied identities and roles. Interpreting burial ships, such as the Oseberg ship, simply as burial homes or death vessels might therefore severely limit our present understanding of the multifaceted nature of the ship in pre-Christian, Norse mentality.
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Anwar, Syaiful. "The Governance of the Surabaya’s West Shipping Channel." Journal of Economics and Business 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.04.292.

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The governance regarding shipping safety in the Surabaya's West Shipping Channel is very important because it affects the smoothness of movement of ships, which carry goods and passengers to the ports in Surabaya City. Due to the frequent occurrence of ship accidents in the channel, there is a possibility that these were caused by several factors related to the governance in the shipping channel. The required data was obtained from relevant informants, while other supporting information was obtained by direct observation in the field. Then the data was analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. From this analysis, it was found several findings concerning the factors causing the accident of ships in the shipping channel, namely: the technical condition of the ships, the level of professionalism of the ship's crews, natural factors, the condition of navigation aids, and installation of infrastructures in the sea. The next findings were about things that have not been achieved by the government, such as law enforcement regarding the ships’ maintenance, education and training for the ship's crew especially in handling ships’ accidents at sea, law enforcement regarding the installation of undersea infrastructures, and the installation of proper navigation aids along the shipping channel.
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Petty, Mikel D. "A quantitative comparison of two different models of minefield transit." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, July 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15485129241257528.

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Naval mines are used to cause damage and inflict casualties on ships and to deny access to mined areas. Two distinctly different Monte Carlo models of surface ships transiting minefields were implemented and compared. An analytic model represents mines abstractly as mine density within the minefield. It determines the probability of a ship encountering a mine as a ratio of the area of the ship’s track through the minefield, with width equal to the mines’ effective radius and the area of the minefield. A geometric model represents the ship’s track and the mines’ locations explicitly. It determines whether a ship encounters a mine using a calculation of the distance between a ship’s track and the mines’ locations. The two models’ results were quantitatively compared for multiple values of five experimental variables: minefield dimensions, mine density, mine placement method, ships per group, and ship transit procedure. Each model was executed for each combination of experimental variable values and their results were compared to determine whether the models produced comparable results. In addition, the effectiveness of two mine placement methods at disabling ships and two ship transit procedures at avoiding mines were also compared. All comparisons used statistical hypothesis tests.
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Nurochman, Khafid, Muhammad Khairani, Isman Djulfi, Muhammad Taufiqurrahman, and Jogi Ogun Syahputra Ambarita. "Round Trip Time Evaluation Of Padangbai - Nusa Penida Crossing Vessels To Improve Performance At Roro Ferry In Bali Province." IWJ : Inland Waterways Journal 5, no. 2 (February 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.54249/iwj.v5i2.179.

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Padangbai Harbor is a port located in a village in Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, on the east side of Bali Island, Indonesia. Padangbai Port is a port that serves ship crossings from Bali to Lombok and Nusa Penida and vice versa serves ships heading to Bali. The Padangbai ferry port is a very busy ferry port because it has 2 routes, namely the Padangbai-Sheet route and the Padangbai-Nusa Penida route. There are 25 ships operating on the Padangbai - Selamat route, of which 2 ships belong to ASDP and 23 privately owned ships and 1 ship on the Padangbai - Nusa Penida route belongs to the Klungkung Regency Government. The Padangbai Ferry Port also has a schedule made by the Bali Class II Transportation Management Agency. However, there is a mismatch between the ship's arrival and departure times and the schedule that has been made. This research is research using qualitative methods. Based on the results of the analysis of problems in scheduling departures and arrivals at the Padangbai Ferry Port, delays of 20 minutes were still found which caused delays in the ship's onward performance. Therefore, it is very necessary to evaluate the ship's round trip time to improve performance at the Padangbai Ferry Port.
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Wang, Sheng Ing, and Catherine Chambers. "Environmental Compliance and Practices of Cruise Ships in Ísafjörður, Iceland." Tourism in Marine Environments, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427322x16686727533114.

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The drastic growth of cruise tourism in the world, while potentially beneficial for economic growth in local communities, also brings concerns regarding environmental impacts. This research used the port of Ísafjörður, Iceland, a growing hotspot destination for cruise ships, as a case study to aid in understanding the potential environmental impacts from cruise ships. The study’s aims were: 1) to determine the quantity and type of waste discharged to the shore facilities by cruise ships in Ísafjörður in 2019, and 2) to explore the compliance behavior of the ships in adhering to Icelandic and international environmental regulations. To do this, quantitative and qualitative questions were presented in a survey to officers from 40 cruise ships, accounting for 87% of the total 46 different ships that docked in Ísafjörður in the 2019 cruise ship season. The survey questions were designed based on the MARPOL Convention and the law of Iceland, and these questions were compared with the ship’s statutory record or ship’s certificates to strengthen the reliability of the data. The questions covered five categories: emissions, waste oil, wastewater, garbage and food waste, and ballast water. Results showed that very little garbage and food waste had been discharged to shore facilities, and this was likely because Ísafjörður is one of several stops for many cruise ships in Iceland and the waste had simply been discharged elsewhere. In assessing the other four categories, eight out of the 40 cruise ships carried out illegal activities, including 12 specific violation cases. This paper discusses three primary reasons for those violations: accessibility, inconsistency, and monitoring. This research was conducted pre-COVID-19, however, by 2022 cruise ship calls in Ísafjörður approached pre-COVID-19 numbers. Interested parties such as local communities, national decision makers, tourism boards, municipal planners, and environmental agencies must use the best available knowledge, such as this study, to manage the positive and negative aspects of the growth of cruise ship tourism, and perhaps even more so in a post-COVID-19 phase.
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Esfidan, Majid Rahimie, and Ahmad Rahbar Ranji. "Corrosion models for steel plates in ship structure based on statistical data." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, May 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14750902241253319.

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To have a proper maintenance policy for ships and offshore structures, it is necessary to predict corrosion wastage accurately. It is the main aim of the present work to propose corrosion models for plates in ship structures. In total 66,480 data were collected from thickness measurements carried out by different classification societies. The data were sorted out based on the position of the plate, the age of the ship, the country where the ship was built, and the type of ship. Using regression analysis, some models were proposed as a function of the ship’s age and position of plate. Based on this study, the proposed models are checked against existing corrosion models in the literature and it is found that other corrosion models underestimate the corrosion rate in the inner bottom plates, and deck plates. However, they overestimate the amount of corrosion in the side plates of ships. The existing corrosion models are justified for the prediction of corrosion wastage in hatch-coaming plates. For corrosion of outer bottom plates, the existing corrosion models are applicable for ships under 20 years old. They overestimate corrosion wastage for ships older than 20 years. Also, existing corrosion models overestimate corrosion wastage of plates at the side structure of ships above the water line at the early age of ships and underestimate in older ships.
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39

"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1889.tb00535.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1889.tb03356.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1889.tb05758.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 2, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1890.tb00031.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 2, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1890.tb03502.x.

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44

"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1891.tb00159.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 3, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1891.tb00178.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 3, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 258–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1891.tb03582.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 3, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1891.tb03597.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 4, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 513–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1892.tb00957.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 4, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 805–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1892.tb02097.x.

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"SHIPS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 5, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 719–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1893.tb00981.x.

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