Journal articles on the topic 'Ship'
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1
Fernandes, Sandra, Shea T. Meyer, Jigisha P. Shah, Arijit A. Adhikari, William G. Kerr, and John D. Chisholm. "N1-Benzyl Tryptamine Pan-SHIP1/2 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation as Anti-Tumor Agents." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238451.
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Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) with small molecule inhibitors leads to apoptosis in tumor cells. Inhibitors that target both SHIP1 and SHIP2 (pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors) may have benefits in these areas since paralog compensation is not possible when both SHIP paralogs are being inhibited. A series of tryptamine-based pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the SHIP paralogs. The most active compounds were also evaluated for their effects on cancer cell lines.
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Kerr, William G., Chiara Pedicone, Shawn Dormann, Angela Pacherille, and John D. Chisholm. "Small molecule targeting of SHIP1 and SHIP2." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190775.
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Modulating the activity of the Src Homology 2 (SH2) — containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase (SHIP) enzyme family with small molecule inhibitors provides a useful and unconventional method of influencing cell signaling in the PI3K pathway. The development of small molecules that selectively target one of the SHIP paralogs (SHIP1 or SHIP2) as well as inhibitors that simultaneously target both enzymes have provided promising data linking the phosphatase activity of the SHIP enzymes to disorders and disease states that are in dire need of new therapeutic targets. These include cancer, immunotherapy, diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. In this mini-review, we will provide a brief overview of research in these areas that support targeting SHIP1, SHIP2 or both enzymes for therapeutic purposes.
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Ramakrishnan, Gautham S., and Mary Beth Humphrey. "SHIP-2 inhibits human microglia-like cell function in a TREM2 independent manner." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 53.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.53.15.
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Abstract Microglia are a crucial component of the immune response in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells #2 (TREM2) mediates microglial phagocytosis and migration, and promotes metabolic homeostasis. Src homology domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) inhibits TREM2 in myeloid cells like macrophages and osteoclasts. SHIP-2, a paralog of SHIP-1, inhibits other myeloid cell receptors including Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF). We hypothesize that SHIP-2, inhibits TREM2-mediated microglial functions. To test our hypothesis, we studied the effect of pharmacological inhibition of SHIP-2 (and SHIP-1) in the function of wild-type (HMC3WT) and Trem2−/− human microglia-like cells (HMC3T2KO), which predominantly express SHIP-2 compared to SHIP-1. HMC3WT displayed superior phagocytic ability of oligomerized amyloid β and apoptotic neurons, have a larger lysosomal compartment, and have increased mitochondrial activity compared to HMC3T2KO. Treatment with a pan SHIP-1/2 inhibitor (SHIPi) K161 significantly improved the phagocytic uptake of fluorescently tagged oligomerized Aβ42 in both HMC3WT and HMC3T2KO. K161 treatment resulted in an enlarged lysosomal compartment and increased mitochondrial activity in both HMC3WT and HMC3T2KO. Our data suggests that, in cases of low SHIP-1 expression, pan SHIP inhibition improves microglia-like cell functions independently of TREM2. Further studies to look for SHIP2-TREM2 interactions and the effect of SHIP-1 expression in combination with SHIPi treatment in HMC3 cell function are underway. SHIPi are non-toxic in HCM3 cells and may offer potential treatment options for AD. Supported by grants from NIH (1RF1AG059717-01)
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Zou, Yin Cai, and Wei Gang Zheng. "The Structure Design of Parent-Subsidiary Wind Sailing Boat and the Matching Research of Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1032.
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Wind sailing boat fades out maritime transport industry gradually, because of its existence decreases the ship stability, and threatens mariners and ships security vastly. Project group has worked out high stability and security ship through researching literature and emulation-technique. Through the design of a parent ship and a sub-shipa set of wind sailing system and a water supply and drainage system, and the modeling calculation and analysis about the thrust of the fixed pitch propeller matching with the sailing, we can conclude that the added sub-ships can enhance ships stability in constant speed sailing situation. So it can improve thrust and reduce fuel consumption through increasing the scale of wind sailing.
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Dou, Jihua, Yuliang Sun, and Jiaqi Zou. "Research on Combat Composition of Ship-to-Air Missile Formation." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 6 (November 29, 2022): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.6.478.
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In view of the quantitative determination of the combat composition number and relative positions of ship-to-air missile formation, the factor of the horizontal required azimuth range of the ship-to-air missile formation to cover a single ship, and the factors of the horizontal fire circle of short-range ship-to-air missile ships, medium-range ship-to-air missile ships, long-range ship-to-air missile ships were considered. A combat composition model of ship-to-air missile formation was proposed, which can quantitatively determine the number and relative positions of short-range, medium-range, and long-range ship-to-air missile ships, and provide a model basis for the combat composition of ship-to-air missile formation.
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Zheng, Hailin, Qinyou Hu, Chun Yang, Jinhai Chen, and Qiang Mei. "Transmission Path Tracking of Maritime COVID-19 Pandemic via Ship Sailing Pattern Mining." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031089.
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Since the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the transportation of cargo by ship has been seriously impacted. In order to prevent and control maritime COVID-19 transmission, it is of great significance to track and predict ship sailing behavior. As the nodes of cargo ship transportation networks, ports of call can reflect the sailing behavior of the cargo ship. Accurate hierarchical division of ports of call can help to clarify the navigation law of ships with different ship types and scales. For typical cargo ships, ships with deadweight over 10,000 tonnages account for 95.77% of total deadweight, and 592,244 berthing ships’ records were mined from automatic identification system (AIS) from January to October 2020. Considering ship type and ship scale, port hierarchy classification models are constructed to divide these ports into three kinds of specialized ports, including bulk, container, and tanker ports. For all types of specialized ports (considering ship scale), port call probability for corresponding ship type is higher than other ships, positively correlated with the ship deadweight if port scale is bigger than ship scale, and negatively correlated with the ship deadweight if port scale is smaller than ship scale. Moreover, port call probability for its corresponding ship type is positively correlated with ship deadweight, while port call probability for other ship types is negatively correlated with ship deadweight. Results indicate that a specialized port hierarchical clustering algorithm can divide the hierarchical structure of typical cargo ship calling ports, and is an effective method to track the maritime transmission path of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Heikkilä, Martti. "Ship—Shore and Ship—Ship Data Transfer." Journal of Navigation 49, no. 3 (September 1996): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300013540.
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During recent years there has been significant development in several technologies which can contribute to the efficiency and safety of maritime traffic. The most important of these are accurate positioning systems (DGPS), digital data transmission/transponder technology, electronic chart systems (ECDIS), control of ships using electronic passage plans, and ship path prediction. With a widespread implementation of these new techniques, combined with advanced ship-shore and ship-ship data transfer, significant improvements can be achieved in traffic situation awareness both in a VTS and onboard. This paper describes the research carried out at VTT on VTS development, and especially gives an outline of new VTS functions using ship—shore and ship—ship data transfer.
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Yin, He, Hai Lan, Ying-Yi Hong, Zhuangwei Wang, Peng Cheng, Dan Li, and Dong Guo. "A Comprehensive Review of Shipboard Power Systems with New Energy Sources." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052307.
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A new energy ship is being developed to address energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. New energy ships feature low operational costs and zero emissions. This study discusses the characteristics and development of solar-powered ships, wind-powered ships, fuel cell-powered ships, and new energy hybrid ships. Three important technologies are used for the power system of the new energy ship: new-energy spatio-temporal prediction, ship power scheduling, and Digital Twin (DT). Research shows that new energy spatio-temporal prediction reduces the uncertainty for a ship power system. Ship power scheduling technology guarantees safety and low-carbon operation for the ship. DT simulates the navigational environment for the new energy ship to characterize the boundary of the shipboard’s new energy power generation. The future technical direction for new energy ship power systems is also being discussed.
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Yang, Shujie, and Wei Sun. "Effective Ship Domains Considering Ship Encounter Situations and Speeds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012031.
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Abstract Ship domain is an important concept in assessing navigation situation and planning collision avoidance manoeuvres of a ship. For purpose of improving the precision and adaptability of the ship domains, effective ship domains are proposed for ships with different speeds in a variety of encounter situations in this work. Firstly, the COLREGs-based division of encounter types and corresponding collision avoidance actions are further optimized. Therefore, the problem of unclear division of responsibilities caused by the intersection of relative position and relative heading is resolved. On this basis, ship domains are determined by the encounter situations and the target ship’s speed. More specifically, the ship domain is approximated to a circle, and the dependence of the domain size on the encounter situation and the target ship’s speed has been analysed and described, that enable us to determine effective ships domains for ships varying in speeds and encounter situations. The simulation results show that ships can make effective collision-avoidance actions in different encounter scenarios based on the optimized COLREGs-based division of encounter types and effective ship domains.
10
Wang, Xiaohui, Yingjun Zhang, Zhaoda Liu, Shaobo Wang, and Yiyang Zou. "Design of Multi-Modal Ship Mobile Ad Hoc Network under the Guidance of an Autonomous Ship." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050962.
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To solve the multi-ship interaction problem under the scenario of multi-modal ships, this paper designed a ship Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) dominated by an autonomous ship. Foremost, we discussed the development and status of autonomous ships, proposed the inevitability of multi-modal ship scenarios, and analyzed the applicability of ad hoc networks in maritime communication. After that, a ship MANET under the guidance of an autonomous ship was designed, including the system composition, network mode, and network management method. We built the ship MANET connectivity model and analyzed its attributes. In addition, the transmission capacity of the ship as a network node is also analyzed. In conclusion, we believe that the ship MANET is feasible and effective in the scenario of multi-modal ships.
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DeMarco Muscat-Fenech, Claire, Tonio Sant, Vito Vasilis Zheku, Diego Villa, and Michele Martelli. "A Review of Ship-to-Ship Interactions in Calm Waters." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121856.
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The hydrodynamic interaction between two or more ships in harbours or inland waterways is a classical maritime engineering research area. In ship manoeuvring practice, ship masters try to determine the speed and gap limit when a ship is passing or encountering others, particularly in confined water ways. This requires an accurate prediction of the interaction force acting on both ships. The pioneer experimental studies showed that the interaction could lead to a very large yaw moment and this moment is strongly time-dependent, which could make the ships veer from their original courses, leading to collisions. Based on the findings on experimental measurements, some empirical formulas are proposed in the literature to predict such interaction forces. However, these formulas could provide a satisfactory estimation only when the ship speed is quite high, and the water depth is shallow and constant. Numerical simulation overcomes this issue by simulating the ship-to-ship problem by considering the effect of the 3D ship hull, variable water depth and ship speed. Numerical simulation has now become the most widely adopted method to investigate the ship-to-ship problem. In the present study, the development of the methodologies of ship-to-ship problems will be reviewed, and the research gap and challenges will be summarized.
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Ma, Jinlei, Zhiqiang Zhou, Bo Wang, Hua Zong, and Fei Wu. "Ship Detection in Optical Satellite Images via Directional Bounding Boxes Based on Ship Center and Orientation Prediction." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182173.
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To accurately detect ships of arbitrary orientation in optical remote sensing images, we propose a two-stage CNN-based ship-detection method based on the ship center and orientation prediction. Center region prediction network and ship orientation classification network are constructed to generate rotated region proposals, and then we can predict rotated bounding boxes from rotated region proposals to locate arbitrary-oriented ships more accurately. The two networks share the same deconvolutional layers to perform semantic segmentation for the prediction of center regions and orientations of ships, respectively. They can provide the potential center points of the ships helping to determine the more confident locations of the region proposals, as well as the ship orientation information, which is beneficial to the more reliable predetermination of rotated region proposals. Classification and regression are then performed for the final ship localization. Compared with other typical object detection methods for natural images and ship-detection methods, our method can more accurately detect multiple ships in the high-resolution remote sensing image, irrespective of the ship orientations and a situation in which the ships are docked very closely. Experiments have demonstrated the promising improvement of ship-detection performance.
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Wang, Xing Hua, Shen Hua Yang, and Guo Quan Chen. "Design and Implement on Intelligent Target Ship for Ship Handling Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.854.
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Aiming at the fact that target ships of ship handling simulator have not the ability of avoiding other ships according to the COLREG 1972, the paper puts forward to add Personifying Intelligent Decision-making for Vessel Collision Avoidance, for short PIDVCA, and vessel automatic control algorithm into solver procedure of target ship, designed and realized target ships to sail according to the COLREG 1972, which make ship handling simulator more realistic simulate the actual navigation environment at sea. Finally, the paper gives the simulation pictures of 2 and 4 target ships intelligent collision.
14
Zhang, Ruiqian, Jian Yao, Kao Zhang, Chen Feng, and Jiadong Zhang. "S-CNN-BASED SHIP DETECTION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-423-2016.
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Reliable ship detection plays an important role in both military and civil fields. However, it makes the task difficult with high-resolution remote sensing images with complex background and various types of ships with different poses, shapes and scales. Related works mostly used gray and shape features to detect ships, which obtain results with poor robustness and efficiency. To detect ships more automatically and robustly, we propose a novel ship detection method based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), called SCNN, fed with specifically designed proposals extracted from the ship model combined with an improved saliency detection method. Firstly we creatively propose two ship models, the “V” ship head model and the “||” ship body one, to localize the ship proposals from the line segments extracted from a test image. Next, for offshore ships with relatively small sizes, which cannot be efficiently picked out by the ship models due to the lack of reliable line segments, we propose an improved saliency detection method to find these proposals. Therefore, these two kinds of ship proposals are fed to the trained CNN for robust and efficient detection. Experimental results on a large amount of representative remote sensing images with different kinds of ships with varied poses, shapes and scales demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed S-CNN-Based ship detector.
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Zhang, Ruiqian, Jian Yao, Kao Zhang, Chen Feng, and Jiadong Zhang. "S-CNN-BASED SHIP DETECTION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-423-2016.
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Reliable ship detection plays an important role in both military and civil fields. However, it makes the task difficult with high-resolution remote sensing images with complex background and various types of ships with different poses, shapes and scales. Related works mostly used gray and shape features to detect ships, which obtain results with poor robustness and efficiency. To detect ships more automatically and robustly, we propose a novel ship detection method based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), called SCNN, fed with specifically designed proposals extracted from the ship model combined with an improved saliency detection method. Firstly we creatively propose two ship models, the “V” ship head model and the “||” ship body one, to localize the ship proposals from the line segments extracted from a test image. Next, for offshore ships with relatively small sizes, which cannot be efficiently picked out by the ship models due to the lack of reliable line segments, we propose an improved saliency detection method to find these proposals. Therefore, these two kinds of ship proposals are fed to the trained CNN for robust and efficient detection. Experimental results on a large amount of representative remote sensing images with different kinds of ships with varied poses, shapes and scales demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed S-CNN-Based ship detector.
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Zhang, Jie, and Yingjun Zhang. "A Novel Ship-Ship Distance Model in Restricted Channel via Gaussian-TRR Identification." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6626850.
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Very large ships are crucial cargo ships that are relatively difficult to manoeuvre, and ship-ship distance is a vital manoeuvring parameter in restricted channel. To ensure ship safety and improve scheduling efficiency, this study established a ship-ship distance model in restricted channel by ship manoeuvring motion simulation, collision detection, and identification modelling. Firstly, the ship manoeuvring model calculated the forces and moments of ship-ship interaction and ship-bank interaction. Then, the collision detection was applied to calculate the intersection area of ship collision. Secondly, the discrete numerical simulation approach was employed with varying speed and distance, and the intersection area was counted. Finally, the 3D Gaussian models of encountering and overtaking were identified by the trust-region-reflective (TRR) algorithm, and ship-ship distance and prohibited zone were proposed. The results show that the minimum ship-ship distance for encountering and overtaking is 1.50 and 2.4 ship beam, respectively, which is consistent with Japan’s standard. The numerical results revealed that the prohibited zone is an elliptical shape. The ship-ship distance and prohibited zone serve as ship safety domain for collision avoidance during harbor approaching.
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Kim, Tae-Soo. "Some Problems and Revision Directions of Ships Subject to Drunk Driving under the Maritime Safety Act." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2022.38.2.79.
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In order to prevent accidents caused by drinking on the surface of the water, the Maritime Safety Act prohibits drunk driving and stipulates criminal punishment in case of violation. However, the Maritime Safety Act stipulates that ships subject to drunk driving are referred to as ships under the Ship Staff Act, the Ship Safety Act and the Fishing Ship Act are referred to as ships, and the Maritime Safety Act again stipulates that some of these ships are added or excluded.
The reason for this complexity is that the Maritime Safety Act stipulates that ships subject to drunk driving are 'vessels under the Ship Staff Act'. This is because the Ship Staff Act is a law on ship employees, so ships that cannot be boarded by ship employees are not subject to the Act.
Therefore, the best way would be to specify the standards for ships that are drunk driving in the Maritime Safety Act. As a way, it is considered reasonable to judge the standard for punishing drunk driving while using the concept of ships under the Maritime Safety Act based on whether or not to use power, not the total tonnage. This is because prohibiting drunk driving requires prompt action when a risk occurs during ship operation while drunk. In other words, alcohol degrades a person's ability to act and does not operate the machine properly, resulting in a high risk of accidents. Therefore, I would like to propose to use the standard of punishment based on whether or not to use power, not the total tonnage.
If this revision is made, not only start-up ships but also ships subject to drunk driving crimes can be punished for drunk driving regardless of nationality. Moreover, even if the Ship Staff Act, the Ship Safety Act, and the Fishing Boat Act are revised, the scope of ships subject to drunk driving is not affected, and the scope of ships or punishment regulations may be revised independently.
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Zhuo, Yongqiang, Xiufeng Zhang, and Jianhua Lu. "Study on Numerical Simulation Approach to Interaction Effects between Ships." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2449, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2449/1/012023.
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Abstract To forecast the hydrodynamic interference between ships accurately and intuitively so as to study the ship maneuvering considering the effect of ship-ship interaction, it is significant for navigation safety in restricted water. This paper adopted an easy way to fully simulate interference between the ships. By taking advantage of the Computational Fluid Dynamics approach, the governing equations of viscous flow and the equations of motion of the ships are solved. The ship-ship motion induced by the hydrodynamic forces is numerically simulated so as to study the characteristic of the interaction effects between ships. To verify the validity of the present numerical methods, the numerical results about the influences on the hydrodynamic force and moment are illustrated and analyzed. The simulated results are acknowledged by the experienced ship operators.
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Zheng, Z. Q., L. Zou, and Z. J. Zou. "A numerical investigation on ship-ship overtaking interactions in confined waterways." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1288, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1288/1/012005.
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Abstract The whole process of a KCS container ship overtaking a low-speed Neo-Panamax container ship is numerically simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. The dynamic overset mesh technique is adopted to simulate the relative motions between the two ships and the ship attitude variations. The free-surface elevations, ship attitudes, as well as hydrodynamic forces and moments on the two ships are predicted. In order to discuss the effects of different navigation parameters on the ship-ship interactions, a set of ship speeds, lateral distances and water depths are simulated. The results illustrate that the overtaken ship is more significantly impacted by the interaction than the overtaking ship, and the drawdown generated by the overtaking ship is the key factor during the overtaking process. The increase of ship speed, the decrease of lateral distance or water depth can lead to more intense drawdown, and hence even more significant ship-ship interaction effects.
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Supryatno, Adi, and Sischa Andriani Alimin. "Gambaran Infestasi Vektor pada Kapal Penumpang dan Kapal Barang yang Sandar di Pelabuhan Baubau." JOURNAL OF BAJA HEALTH SCIENCE 2, no. 01 (February 24, 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/joubahs.v2i01.1901.
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ABSTRACT
High transportation needs can cause health problems, such as vector infestation. Vector infestation is most likely caused by the behavior of the crew, the age of the ship, the number of passengers, the cleanliness of the ship, and resistance to continuous use of pesticides. The purpose of this study was to describe the location of vector infestations on passenger ships and cargo ships that dock at Baubau port. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive using a cross sectional study design. The object of this research is the ships that docked at the Bau-bau port in December 2017 as many as 12 passenger ships and 12 cargo ships. Insect prevalence was measured by calculating the percentage of the number of insects caught. The results of the research were processed descriptively to see a description of the location of vector infestations on passenger ships and cargo ships that docked at Bau-bau Harbor by looking at the characteristics of the ship based on the type of ship and the age of the ship. The results obtained that cockroaches are the vectors with the highest infestation on ships as many as 10 on passenger ships and 11 on cargo ships. The average age of ships that dock at Baubau port is quite old. Vessels > 7 years old have the most vector infestations and cockroaches are one of the most numerous types of vectors.
Keywords: Vector Infestation, Passenger Ship, Freight Ship
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Luo, Dan, Peng Chen, Jingsong Yang, Xiunan Li, and Yizhi Zhao. "A New Classification Method for Ship Trajectories Based on AIS Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091646.
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Automatic identification systems (AIS) can record a large amount of navigation information about ships, including abnormal or illegal ship movement information, which plays an important role in ship supervision. To distinguish the trajectories of ships and analyze the behavior of ships, this paper adopts the method of supervised learning to classify the trajectories of ships. First, the AIS data for the ships were marked and divided into five types of ship tracks. The Tsfresh module was then used to extract various ship trajectory features, and a new ensemble classifier based on traditional classification using a machine learning algorithm was proposed for modeling and learning. Moreover, ten-fold cross validation was used to compare the ship trajectory classification results. The classification performance of the ensemble classifier was better than that of the other single classifiers. The average F1 score was 0.817. The results show that the newly proposed method and the new ensemble classifier have good classification effects on ship trajectories.
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Luo, Fangwei, and Jie Yang. "Ship collision avoidance control based on improved velocity obstacle method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2558, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2558/1/012041.
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Abstract The velocity obstacle method has extensive research in collision avoidance, which uses circles to represent robots or ships to find a collision-free velocity. To better describe the motion characteristics of ships, an improved velocity obstacle method based on elliptical ship domain is proposed in this paper. In the previous research on collision avoidance, the ship domains of the own ship and the target ship are seldom considered at the same time. This paper considers the ship domains of the own ship and the target ship at the same time and judges whether the ship domains of the two ships overlap based on the generalized characteristic polynomial. The heading angle is discretized to construct the velocity obstacle (VO) by calculating the collision velocity at different heading angles. Velocities on the boundaries of the velocity obstacle are used to find an optimal heading angle. The algorithm is tested in different encounter situations and successfully realizes collision avoidance.
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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Lulu Zhang, Gang Wang, Quanzheng Wang, and Guowen He. "Modeling of relative collision risk based on the ships group situation." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 6 (December 16, 2021): 7137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211025.
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The collision risk of ships is a fuzzy concept, which is the measurement of the likelihood of a collision between ships. Most of existed studies on the risk of multi-ship collision are based on the assessment of two-ship collision risk, and collision risk between the target ship and each interfering ship is calculated respectively, to determine the key avoidance ship. This method is far from the actual situation and has some defects. In open waters, it is of certain reference value when there are fewer ships, but in busy waters, it cannot well represent the risk degree of the target ship, since it lacks the assessment of the overall risk of the perceived area of the target ship. Based on analysis of complexity of ships group situation, the concept of relative domain was put forward and the model was constructed. On this basis, the relative collision risk was proposed, and the corresponding model was obtained, so as to realize risk assessment. Through the combination of real ship and simulation experiments, the variation trend, stability and sensitivity of the model were verified. The results showed that risk degree of the environment of ships in open and busy waters could be well assessed, and good references for decision-making process of ships collision avoidance could be provided.
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Zhang, Dongdong, Chunping Wang, and Qiang Fu. "DD-Net: A Dual Detector Network for Multilevel Object Detection in Remote-Sensing Images." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9602100.
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With the recent development of deep convolutional neural network (CNN), remote sensing for ship detection methods has achieved enormous progress. However, current methods focus on the whole ships and fail on the component’s detection of a ship. To detect ships from remote-sensing images in a more refined way, we employ the inherent relationship between ships and their critical parts to establish a multilevel structure and propose a novel framework to improve the performance in identifying the multilevel objects. Our framework, named the dual detector network (DD-Net), consists of two carefully designed detectors, one for ships (the ship detector) and the other for their critical parts (the critical part detector), for detecting the critical parts in a coarse-to-fine manner. The ship detector offers detection results of the ship, based on which the critical part detector detects small critical parts inside each ship region. The framework is trained in an end-to-end way by optimizing the multitask loss. Due to the lack of publicly available datasets for critical part detection, we build a new dataset named RS-Ship with 1015 remote-sensing images and 2856 annotations. Experiments on the HRSC2016 dataset and the RS-Ship dataset show that our method performs well in the detection of ships and critical parts.
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Zhang, Ke, Liwen Huang, Xiao Liu, Jiahao Chen, Xingya Zhao, Weiguo Huang, and Yixiong He. "A Novel Decision Support Methodology for Autonomous Collision Avoidance Based on Deduction of Manoeuvring Process." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060765.
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In the last few years, autonomous ships have attracted increasing attention in the maritime industry. Autonomous ships with an autonomous collision avoidance capability are the development trend for future ships. In this study, a ship manoeuvring process deduction-based dynamic adaptive autonomous collision avoidance decision support method for autonomous ships is presented. Firstly, the dynamic motion parameters of the own ship relative to the target ship are calculated by using the dynamic mathematical model. Then the fuzzy set theory is adopted to construct collision risk models, which combine the spatial collision risk index (SCRI) and time collision risk index (TCRI) in different encountered situations. After that, the ship movement model and fuzzy adaptive PID method are used to derive the ships’ manoeuvre motion process. On this basis, the feasible avoidance range and the optimal steering angle for ship collision avoidance are calculated by deducting the manoeuvring process and the modified velocity obstacle (VO) method. Moreover, to address the issue of resuming sailing after the ship collision avoidance is completed, the Line of Sight (LOS) guidance system is adopted to resume normal navigation for the own ship in this study. Finally, the dynamic adaptive autonomous collision avoidance model is developed by combining the ship movement model, the fuzzy adaptive PID control model, the modified VO method and the resume-sailing model. The results of the simulation show that the proposed methodology can effectively avoid collisions between the own ship and the moving TSs for situations involving two or multiple ships, and the own ship can resume its original route after collision avoidance is completed. Additionally, it is also proved that this method can be applied to complex situations with various encountered ships, and it exhibits excellent adaptability and effectiveness when encountering multiple objects and complex situations.
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Zhou, Dan, and Zhongyi Zheng. "Dynamic Fuzzy Ship Domain Considering the Factors of Own Ship and Other Ships." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000802.
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In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic fuzzy ship domain that considers factors associated with both one's own ship and other ships. This is in contrast to existing ship domain models that operate from the perspective of one's own ship, considering only the factors relevant to that ship. First, the domain was determined by considering the distance of the ships around one's own ship in different directions, which sufficiently accounts for factors associated with one's own ship and with the other ships. At the same time, the factors were chosen based on an analysis of their importance. Second, the domain was dynamic and modelled by establishing the relationship between the domain size and the chosen factors in different directions from one's own ship, obtained by using neural networking and wavelet decomposition. Third, the domain was developed using fuzzy sets related to different safety levels and this related the model to the practical applications of estimating spatial collision risk. The model was calibrated using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data of vessel movements in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea. The reasonableness and the superiority of establishing a ship domain model considering the factors affecting both one's own ship and other ships were analysed, and the results show that the new model can determine the spatial collision risk of the navigational situation and is thus suitable for use as part of a ship collision avoidance system.
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Pedicone, Chiara, Shea T. Meyer, John D. Chisholm, and William G. Kerr. "Targeting SHIP1 and SHIP2 in Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040890.
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Membrane-anchored and soluble inositol phospholipid species are critical mediators of intracellular cell signaling cascades. Alterations in their normal production or degradation are implicated in the pathology of a number of disorders including cancer and pro-inflammatory conditions. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, play a fundamental role in these processes by depleting PI(3,4,5)P3, but also by producing PI(3,4)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. With the intent of targeting SHIP1 or SHIP2 selectively, or both paralogs simultaneously, small molecule inhibitors and agonists have been developed and tested in vitro and in vivo over the last decade in various disease models. These studies have shown promising results in various pre-clinical models of disease including cancer and tumor immunotherapy. In this review the potential use of SHIP inhibitors in cancer is discussed with particular attention to the molecular structure, binding site and efficacy of these SHIP inhibitors.
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Dou, Jihua, Jiaqi Zou, and Yuliang Sun. "Regional Ship-to-Air Missile Ship Maneuvering Cover Model." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.6.479.
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In view of the problem of a regional ship-to-air missile ship covering an adjacent ship, considering the locations of the ships, the required azimuth angle of a regional ship-to-air missile ship covering an adjacent ship, the maximum azimuth angle of a regional ship-to-air missile ship instantaneously covering an adjacent ship, and the remote distance of the regional ship-to-air missile launch area, a model of a regional ship-to-air missile ship longitudinally and laterally maneuvering to cover an adjacent ship was proposed, which provides a model basis for a regional ship-to-air missile ship longitudinally and laterally maneuvering to cover an adjacent ship.
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Zhang, Fan, Xin Peng, Liang Huang, Man Zhu, Yuanqiao Wen, and Haitao Zheng. "A Spatiotemporal Statistical Method of Ship Domain in the Inland Waters Driven by Trajectory Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040410.
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In this study, a method for dynamically establishing ship domain in inland waters is proposed to help make decisions about ship collision avoidance. The surrounding waters of the target ship are divided to grids and then calculating the grid densities of ships in each moment to determine the shape and size of ship domain of different types of ships. At last, based on the spatiotemporal statistical method, the characteristics of ship domains of different types of ship in different navigational environments were analyzed. The proposed method is applied to establish ship domains of different types of ship in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in January, February, July, and August in 2014. The results show that the size of ship domain increases as the ship size increases in each month. The domain size is significantly influenced by the water level, and the ship domain size in dry seasons is larger than in the wet seasons of inland waters.
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DIYANAH, KHULIYAH CANDRANING, Akhmad Abu Khanifah, and Aditya Sukma Pawitra. "Analisis Hygiene Sanitasi Kapal Di Wilayah Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v14i2.997.
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Sanitation checks are carried out to assess all sanitary conditions related to the presence of environmental risk factors on the ship. This study aims to analyze ship sanitation hygiene in the Port of Tanjung Perak, Surabaya City in August 2019. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection qualitatively by observation following the ship sanitation inspection and interview forms. A sample of 10 ships consisting of 9 cargo ships and 1 passenger ship in which the sample category is a ship that docked or berthed in the Tanjung Perak Port area of Surabaya City and has expired the sanitation certificate of the ship. Data analysis using descriptive methods. The results of ship sanitation hygiene checks with Permenkes Number 40 of 2015 concerning Ship Sanitation Certificate. Nine out of ten vessels inspected (90%) had sanitary hygiene that met the requirements, while 1 ship (10%) did not meet the sanitation hygiene requirements, namely passenger ships. Passenger ship parts that do not meet the requirements are kitchen, pantry, warehouse, and sleeping room. There is a vector of cockroaches and flies, as well as signs of rodent life (rats). Vessels resting at the port of Tanjung Perak have fulfilled hygiene and sanitation requirements based on Permenkes Number 40 of 2015 concerning Ship Sanitation Certificate.
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Ma, Yiji, Yuzhe Zhao, Jiahao Yu, Jingmiao Zhou, and Haibo Kuang. "An Interpretable Gray Box Model for Ship Fuel Consumption Prediction Based on the SHAP Framework." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051059.
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Shipping companies and maritime organizations want to improve the energy efficiency of ships and reduce fuel costs through optimization measures; however, the accurate fuel consumption prediction of fuel consumption is a prerequisite for conducting optimization measures. In this study, the white box models (WBMs), black box models (BBMs), and gray box models (GBMs) are developed based on sensor data. GBMs have great potential for the prediction of ship fuel consumption, but the lack of interpretability makes it difficult to determine the degree of influence of different influencing factors on ship fuel consumption, making it limited in practical engineering applications. To overcome this difficulty, this study obtains the importance of GBM input characteristics for ship fuel consumption by introducing the SHAP (SHAPley Additive exPlanations) framework. The experimental results show that the prediction performance of the WBM is much lower than that of the BBM and GBM, while the GBM has better prediction performance by applying the a priori knowledge of WBMs to BBMs. Combining with SHAP, a reliable importance analysis of the influencing factors is obtained, which provides a reference for the optimization of ship energy efficiency, and the best input features for fuel consumption prediction are obtained with the help of importance ranking results.
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Lin, Qianfeng, and Jooyoung Son. "Sustainable Ship Management Post COVID-19 with In-Ship Positioning Services." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010369.
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COVID-19 is spreading out in the world now. Passenger ships such as cruise ships are very critical in this situation. Boats’ hazardous areas need to be identified in advance and managed carefully to prevent the virus. Therefore, this paper proposes for the first time that three technologies are required to support the sustainable management of ships in the post-COVID-19 era. They are ship indoor positioning, close contact identification, and risk area calculation. Ship environment-aware indoor positioning algorithms are proposed for the first time for the moving ship environment, followed by a clustering algorithm for close contact identification. Then, the risk area is calculated using the convex hull algorithm. Finally, a sustainable management approach for ships post COVID-19 is proposed.
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Muhammad, Alamsyah bin Muh Saleh Alam. "Analisa Perhitungan Pekerjaan Reparasi Kapal Dengan Metode Critical Path Method (CPM)." SPECTA Journal of Technology 4, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v4i1.172.
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Meranti Nusa Bahari carries out two types of businesses, firstly ship repair and secondly ship building services. Technical analysis of ship repair work using a simple table method. The purpose of this research is to find out how long the ship repairs. The method used is CPM (Critical Path Method). The results of this research are technical analysis of work using a simple table that is able to repair one unit of ship within 22 working days and 20 ships in a year. While the analysis with CPM method found 18 working days per unit of ship and 25 units of ships in a year. There has been a decrease in working time per ship unit of 4 working days which can be used to work on other vessels, with an increase in the number of vessels of 4~5 ships in a year where there is an increase in repair productivity by 20%.
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Pan, Wei, Xin-lian Xie, Tian-tian Bao, and Meng Li. "Ship domain model for ships with restricted manoeuvrability in busy waters." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 673–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346332000065x.
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AbstractShip domain is an important theory in ship collision avoidance and an effective collision detection method. First, several classical ship domain models are used in experiments. The results show that the alarm rate is too high in busy waters, leading to greatly reduced practicality of the model. Potential collision risk cannot be detected effectively, especially for a ship with restricted manoeuvrability, which is usually regarded as an overtaken ship due to its navigation characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the interference of other ships to ships with limited manoeuvrability in an encounter situation. A novel ship domain model for ships with restricted manoeuvrability in busy waters is proposed. Considering the navigation characteristics of a ship with restricted manoeuvrability and the influence of the ship–ship effect, an algorithm to determine the boundary of the ship domain model is given by force and moment equations. AIS trajectory data of the North Channel of the Yangtze River Estuary are used to perform a comparative experiment, and four classical ship domain models are employed to perform comparative experiments. The results show that the alarm rates of the novel ship domain model are 7⋅608%, 15⋅131%, 55⋅785% and 7⋅608% lower than those of the other four classical models, and this outcome can effectively reduce the high false alarm rate produced by other models in this environment.
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Tang, Gang, Hongren Zhao, Christophe Claramunt, Weidong Zhu, Shiming Wang, Yide Wang, and Yuehua Ding. "PPA-Net: Pyramid Pooling Attention Network for Multi-Scale Ship Detection in SAR Images." Remote Sensing 15, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112855.
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In light of recent advances in deep learning and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology, there has been a growing adoption of ship detection models that are based on deep learning methodologies. However, the efficiency of SAR ship detection models is significantly impacted by complex backgrounds, noise, and multi-scale ships (the number of pixels occupied by ships in SAR images varies significantly). To address the aforementioned issues, this research proposes a Pyramid Pooling Attention Network (PPA-Net) for SAR multi-scale ship detection. Firstly, a Pyramid Pooled Attention Module (PPAM) is designed to alleviate the influence of background noise on ship detection while its parallel component favors the processing of multiple ship sizes. Different from the previous attention module, the PPAM module can better suppress the background noise in SAR images because it considers the saliency of ships in SAR images. Secondly, an Adaptive Feature Balancing Module (AFBM) is developed, which can automatically balance the conflict between ship semantic information and location information. Finally, the detection capabilities of the ship detection model for multi-scale ships are further improved by introducing the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module. This innovative module enhances the detection model’s ability to detect ships of varying scales by extracting features from multiple scales using atrous convolutions and spatial pyramid pooling. PPA-Net achieved detection accuracies of 95.19% and 89.27% on the High-Resolution SAR Images Dataset (HRSID) and the SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD), respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that PPA-Net outperforms other ship detection models.
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Kim, Jong-Sun. "Marine traffic safety information provision agency in preparation for marine accidents legal and institutional considerations." Korea Association of Maritime Transportation Studies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.58316/kamts.2022.1.1.57.
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This study enacted the Ship Traffic Control Act in 2019 to reduce the risk of marine accidents and improve the safety and efficiency of ship traffic, and the Korea Coast Guard operates ports and coastal VTS. Ship traffic control provides safety information and port operation information to ships by installing and operating equipment capable of detecting the location of ships and communicating with ships, and is essential for the safety of ship traffic. However, institutions that provide safety information to ships are distributed to various institutions as well as the Korea Coast Guard, and operate inefficiently, analyzing the operation of maritime traffic safety information in preparation for marine accidents.
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Yudhi Setiyantara, Yudhanita Pertiwi, Ningrum Astriawati, Ade Chandra Kusuma, and Ilham Pratama Putra. "ANALISIS PEMERIKSAAN KAPAL OLEH MARINE INSPECTOR PADA KSOP KELAS IV PROBOLINGGO." Majalah Ilmiah Gema Maritim 24, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37612/gema-maritim.v24i2.303.
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In determining the seaworthiness of the ship, ship inspection is very important to do. KSOP has a very important role in determining the seaworthiness of ships. This study aims to determine the role of marine inspectors in ship inspection at KSOP Class IV Probolinggo. The research used qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out by surveys and interviews. The results of this study show that the marine inspector has the role and task of preparing to discuss the formulation and implementation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria, and procedures as well as technical guidance, evaluation, certification, and reporting in the fields of ship design, measurement, construction and stability of ships, nautical, technical, and radio as well as equipment and equipment for ship safety and equipment as well as prevention of pollution from ships and management of ship safety and operation for ships indonesian flags that sail in Indonesian and international waters for all types of ships and all sizes. In the duties of inspection and measurement of ships carried out in the Legal Status and Certification of Ships section, carry out inspection tasks at the Port of Probolinggo. The results of the survey of the marine administration examination and physical examination were obtained that it took an average of 32.57 minutes.
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Varela, Jose Miguel, and C. Guedes Soares. "Geometry and visual realism of ship models for digital ship bridge simulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 231, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090216642470.
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This article addresses the main requirements and the process of creating the geometry of ship models that fulfil the highly demanding request for realism and performance of the virtual environments currently used in modern ship bridge simulators. It starts with a classification of the ships based on their role in the simulation and on the type of simulator used, and defines the main characteristics of the models. It also discusses the importance of a well-defined workflow and its impact on the modelling time and on the quality of the final product. The article provides contributions in the following areas: identification of the main requirements of polygonal models of ships for ship simulators; effective workflow for ship three-dimensional modelling and identification of most suitable modelling techniques for efficient creation of ship models. The study is supported by real examples of three-dimensional modelling of ships with different sizes and characteristics currently used by the ship manoeuvring simulator in the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering of the University of Lisbon.
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Kizielewicz, Joanna. "Eco-Trends in Energy Solutions on Cruise Ships." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133746.
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Today the world’s largest cruise ships can take on board more than 6000 passengers and almost 3000 crew members. Managing a significant number of people and all equipment and operations on ships requires the delivery of tens of thousands of kilowatts, which poses a huge challenge for both cruise ship builders and ports supporting these ships as well as for ship owners themselves, as the costs involved represent the largest share in the structure of expenditure in cruise shipping companies. In recent years, various communities and institutions, including the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union, exert pressure on cruise ship owners to use green renewable energy solutions. For these reasons, cruise ship owners are constantly looking for cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions regarding new energy sources for ships. The aim of this paper is to identify modern solutions applied on cruise ships in the field of energy generation and to indicate benefits for the environment and ship owners in this respect. The following research questions were formulated: (1) What factors force cruise ship owners to introduce modern energy policy solutions? (2) What kind of green energy solutions are currently used on cruise ships? (3) What kind of renewable energy solutions do cruise ship owners use to reduce energy consumption on board cruise ships? The research was conducted by applying a few research methods, i.e., desk research method and exploration method, critical and comparative analysis, and also inductive and deductive reasoning. The results of this research can provide an interesting source of information for cruise ship owners, cruise seaport authorities, and shipyards involved in the construction of new vessels.
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Sun, Mo Lin, and Zhong Yi Zheng. "Risk Age of Passenger Ships Based on Port State Control Data." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2939.
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In order to understand the relationship between passenger ship age and risk condition of the passenger ship deeper, the concept of ship risk age is proposed based on the passenger ships’ data in port state control referring to the concept of physiological age from the physiological point of view. The risk evaluation index system of passenger ships is built and low risk passenger ships’ information are obtained based on the Paris-MOU risk evaluation model by cluster analysis of K-means under the general classification principle’s guidance. Risk age of passenger ships is estimated by regression analysis of the ship actual age and risk evaluation indexes through ε-SVR regression model, which provides a thought and basis for the management of old ships.
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Muzhoffar, Dimas Angga Fakhri, Kunihiro Hamada, Yujiro Wada, Yusuke Miyake, and Shun Kawamura. "Basic Ship-Planning Support System Using Big Data in Maritime Logistics for Simulating Demand Generation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020186.
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Dynamic changes in the global market demand affect ship development. Correspondingly, big data have provided the ability to comprehend the current and future conditions in numerous sectors and understand the dynamic circumstances of the maritime industry. Therefore, we have developed a basic ship-planning support system utilizing big data in maritime logistics. Previous studies have used a ship allocation algorithm, which only considered the ship cost (COST) along limited target routes; by contrast, in this study, a basic ship-planning support system is reinforced with particularized COST attributes and greenhouse gas (GHG) features incorporated into a ship allocation algorithm related to the International Maritime Organization GHG reduction strategy. Additionally, this system is expanded to a worldwide shipping area. Thus, we optimize the operation-level ship allocation using the existing ships by considering the COST and GHG emissions. Finally, the ship specifications demanded worldwide are ascertained by inputting the new ships instance.
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Pietrzykowski, Zbigniew, and Janusz Uriasz. "The Ship Domain – A Criterion of Navigational Safety Assessment in an Open Sea Area." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 1 (December 22, 2008): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463308005018.
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One of the basic tasks in shipping is to ensure safe navigation of vessels. The concept of the ship domain is of major importance in the assessment of a navigational situation and the avoidance of ship collisions. It is difficult to determine a ship domain as its shape and size depend on a number of factors. One question to be answered before the determination of the ship domain is which method to use: statistical, analytic, or expert method using artificial intelligence tools; other questions are connected with domain interpretation. The authors have analyzed the ship domain as a criterion for the assessment of ship navigational safety in an encounter situation in the open sea. The research results are used to answer some of the questions.Part 2 includes definitions of the ship domain and ship fuzzy domain. Part 3, in turn, presents methods of their determination as well as relevant questions. The results of the authors' research, described in Part 4, make up a basis for the determination of the domain and ship fuzzy domain. These have been determined with the so-called dynamic domains as a point of departure. The criteria of ship domain and closest point of approach are compared and discussed. Encounters of various size ships are considered in Part 5. The research and its results are described. Both ship domains and ship fuzzy domains of encountering ships are analyzed. Then, conclusions have been formulated in relation to the effect of the sizes of encountering ships on the shapes and sizes of their domains. Final conclusions are given in Part 6.
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Qi, Le, Yuanyuan Ji, Robert Balling, and Wenhai Xu. "A cellular automaton-based model of ship traffic flow in busy waterways." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463320000636.
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AbstractIn busy waterways, spatial-temporal discretisation, safe distance and collision avoidance timing are three of the core components of ship traffic flow modelling based on cellular automata. However, these components are difficult to determine in ship traffic simulations because the size, operation and manoeuvrability vary between ships. To solve these problems, a novel traffic flow model is proposed. Firstly, a spatial-temporal discretisation method based on the concept of a standard ship is presented. Secondly, the update rules for ships’ motion are built by considering safe distance and collision avoidance timing, in which ship operation and manoeuvrability are thoroughly considered. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, which is implemented through simulating ship traffic flow in a waterway of the Yangtze River, China. By comparing the results with actual observed ship traffic data, our model shows that the behaviours and the characteristics of ships’ motions can be represented very well, which also can be further used to reveal the mechanism that affects the efficiency and safety of ship traffic.
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Lamb, Thomas, Nathaniel Beavers, Thomas Ingram, and Anton Schmieman. "The Benefits and Cost Impact of Aluminum Naval Ship Structure." Journal of Ship Production and Design 27, no. 01 (February 1, 2011): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2011.27.1.35.
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Due to budget pressure and a growing diversity of mission requirements, the US Navy is in need of affordable and operation-flexible ships. This paper presents an acquisition and total life cycle cost comparison of steel and aluminum equivalent naval ship designs. A common perception is that aluminum ships cost significantly more than steel ships. This paper illustrates that even though the cost of the equivalent aluminum ship structure is 40% more than the steel structure, the equivalent aluminum naval ship can be built within just 7.5% of the acquisition price of the steel ship. This is possible because of the cascading benefits of the aluminum ship's significantly lighter weight. Advances in aluminum technology and new facilities in the shipyards for aluminum production are further improving the acquisition cost of aluminum ship. From a total life cycle cost perspective, aluminum ships enjoy a clear advantage over steel ships, the details of which are provided in this paper. Based on the findings presented in the paper, it is suggested that the US Navy should consider broadening its use of aluminum ships.
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Zheng, Hailin, Qinyou Hu, Chun Yang, Qiang Mei, Peng Wang, and Kelong Li. "Identification of Spoofing Ships from Automatic Identification System Data via Trajectory Segmentation and Isolation Forest." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2023): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081516.
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Outliers of ship trajectory from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) onboard a ship will affect the accuracy of maritime situation awareness, especially for a regular ship trajectory mixed with a spoofing ship, which has an unauthorized Maritime Mobile Service Identification code (MMSI) owned by a regular ship. As has been referred to in the literature, the trajectory of these spoofing ships would simply be removed, and more AIS data would be lost. The pre-processing of AIS data should aim to retain more information, which is more helpful in maritime situation awareness for the Maritime Safety Administration (MSA). Through trajectory feature mining, it has been found that there are obvious differences between the trajectory of a regular ship and that of a regular ship mixed with a spoofing ship, such as in terms of speed and distance between adjacent trajectory points. However, there can be a long update time interval in the results of severe missing trajectories of a ship, bringing challenges in terms of the identification of spoofing ships. In order to accurately divide the regular ship trajectory and spoofing ship trajectory, combined with trajectory segmentation by the update time interval threshold, the isolation forest was adopted in this work to train the labeled trajectory point of a regular ship mixed with a spoofing ship. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the identification of spoofing ships using isolation forest is 88.4%, 91%, 93.1%, and 93.3%, corresponding to different trajectory segmentation by update time intervals (5 h, 10 h, 15 h, and 20 h). The research conducted in this study can almost eliminate the outliers of ship trajectory, and it also provides help for maritime situation awareness for the MSA.
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Yang, Lin Jia, and Yi Han Tao. "Calculation of the Coefficients of Ships Resistant Force in MMG Model Based on CFD." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.605.
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With the rapid development of computer, computer simulation is a reasonable way to study the maneuverability of a ship. The accuracy of ship motion mathematical model has a great effect on research results. The resistant coefficient is a crucial parameter to ship models rapidity. Hence, it is significant and practical to research how to calculate a precise resistant coefficient. This paper introduces the theoretical calculation of ship resistance coefficient and methods to get ships hydrodynamic force based on CFD theory. With the commercial CFD software Fluent, we make numerical calculation for sailing ship based on turbulence theories, and get the ships resistant coefficients of MMG (usually called Maneuvering Model Group) model. Instead of making traditional model-scale numerical calculation, we made full-scale distributed numerical calculation with high-performance computers. After comparing the calculation results with the real ships resistant coefficients, which were obtained by actual host power and ships velocity, there is a conclusion. The calculation results are very close to the real ships resistant coefficients, since the Reynolds number and the Froude number of calculation model are almost equal to those of the real ship. Computer simulations of ships circle turning were made respectively with the resistant coefficients we got and previous estimation formula of MMG model. The simulation result of calculated resistant coefficients was closer to real ships circle turning.
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Cole, S. L. "Low-Aspect-Ratio Flat Ship Theory for Moderate Froude Numbers." Journal of Ship Research 35, no. 04 (December 1, 1991): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1991.35.4.325.
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Low-aspect-ratio flat ship theory models ships whose dimensions satisfy draft << beam <<length. This paper systematically derives the inner and outer linearized problems for moderate Froude number potential flow past such a ship and their solutions. These solutions are matched through an intermediate region. It is found that the leading-order term for the wave resistance for moderate speed low-aspectratio flat ship theory is the same as found in slender ship theory for ships with equivalent cross-sectional areas. Flat ship theory, however, predicts singularities in the flow along the outside of the ship's leading edge which are not present in slender ship theory. A simple example demonstrating these spurious singularities is worked out.
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Sofiyan, Sofiyan, and Soedjajadi Keman. "Ship Sanitation and Sanitary Behavior of the Crew Influences to the Presence of Rats on Cargo Ship in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v9i2.2017.145-153.
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Sanitary inspection intended to eliminate environmental risk factors in the ships to break the chain disease transmission in order to maintain and enhance the health status. Based on data from 2015 the Port Health Office class I Surabaya, during the ships inspection there are found 23 rats from 2734 ships. The existence of the rats on the cargo ship is very harmful, which can caused disease and damaged food material in cargo ship. The tendency of rats existence on board as media transmission of the disease, is the reason for researchers to identify the level of sanitation review and behavior of crew that affecting the existence of rats on cargo ship in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya. That research aimed to analyze the level of sanitation and behavior of crew that affects the existence of rats. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study design, sampling for ship sanitation in research using accidental sampling, behavior of crew using the proportional random sampling method. The research variables are behavior of crew and ship sanitation. The primary data were collected by observation, indepth interviews, and questionnaires. Secondary data collected from the Port Health Office Class I Surabaya. Statistical test with multiple regression showed that behavior of crew significant effect on the existence of rat in cargo ship. The results using ship sanitation level variables sig. 0.043 means that the behavior of crew variable significant effect on the presence of rats on a cargo ship, while for the ship sanitation variables sig. 0.0002, means that the variable ship sanitation very significantly affected on the presence of rats on a cargo ship. The conclusion of this study be found influences of the ship sanitation and behavior of crew against the presence of rats in cargo ship, so it needs to be disseminated to the crew of cargo ship in order to increase knowledge about ship sanitation, and the health effects of the presence of rats on a cargo ship.
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Dong, G. H., L. Sun, Z. Zong, H. W. An, and Y. X. Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Ship-Generated Waves Action on a Vertical Cylinder." Journal of Ship Research 53, no. 02 (June 1, 2009): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2009.53.2.93.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the action of ship-generated waves on a nearby vertical cylinder is considered in pure theory. Intensive demands of modern sea transportation result in larger and larger ships. These ships generate high waves as they move in calm water. The ship-generated waves can travel long distances without much attenuation. They are so strong that they might cause damage to nearby marine structures (e.g., platforms, river banks, breakwaters, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the forces of ship-generated waves acting on nearby marine structures. The problem turns out to be composed of two problems: evaluation of waves generated by a moving ship (ship-wave problem) and evaluation of the action of ship waves on a cylinder (wave-action problem). Here the wave-action problem is computed in detail with a boundary element method in time domain. And the ship-wave problem is evaluated in the well-known Michell thin-ship theory. Thus, the problem posed in this paper is finally solved using numerical methods by combining the ship-wave and wave-action problems. The numerical analyses of the result are: The resultant forces and moments acting on the cylinder are surprisingly large, characterized by being highly oscillatory. The periods of the oscillations are proportional to ship speed. The actions of ship-generated waves on nearby structures are not negligible. This is a new factor necessary to be considered for design of both marine structures and ships. Meanwhile, the potential fatigue damage resulting from oscillations of the forces and moments should be considered, too.
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Shi, Yan, Cheng Long, Xuexi Yang, and Min Deng. "Abnormal Ship Behavior Detection Based on AIS Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094635.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of navigation globalization and ship dehumanization, the contradiction between the increasing demand for ship behavior supervision and limited traffic service resources is obvious, and the frequent occurrence of accidents at sea is a problem. The monitoring of abnormal ship behavior is an important link in maritime transportation. With the popularization of the automatic identification system and increasing research in the maritime field, the AIS is widely used in the management of ship static information and the real-time sharing of dynamic information. The generated moving ship trajectory data provide a new opportunity for research into abnormal ship behavior and its detection. In light of the current situation of abnormal ship behavior research, we detected abnormal ship behavior from the point of view of spatial information and thematic information based on moving ship trajectory data. Therefore, this study first modeled the cognition of abnormal ship behavior. Then, based on the cognition of group ship behavior rules, we used a method based on graph structure learning to mine maritime routes from the perspective of ship spatial information. Next, we used Rayda’s criterion to detect the anomalous behavior of ships in space. Then, based on the isolation forest algorithm, we detected and described the abnormal behavior shown by ship thematic information. The experimental results show that the framework proposed in this paper can effectively detect the abnormal behavior of ships.