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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shift technique

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Academic literature on the topic 'Shift technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shift technique"

1

N.P. Kamat, N. P. Kamat, and N. K. Kamble N.K. Kamble. "Adhesive Joining – A Paradigm Shift For Fabrication Technique." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/54.

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Saul, P. H., and K. Brunson. "Frequency shift filtering technique." Electronics Letters 35, no. 3 (1999): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990156.

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Prasetya, Nabila Larasati Putri. "Category and Meaning Shift in Downfall (Der Untergang) Movie Subtitle from German into Indonesian." Journal DaFIna - Journal Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Indonesien 5, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um079v5i12021p21-29.

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This study aims to describe category shift and meaning shift in movie’s subtitle Downfall (Der Untergang) directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel from German to Indonesian. The method used this study is contrastive qualitative. The sources of this study data are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Downfall (Der Untergang) movie’s from German into Indonesian subtitles. The data in this study are shifts, either category shift or meaning shift in Downfall (Der Untergang)from German and Indonesian subtitles. Methods used of acquiring data are listening methods with uninvolved conversation observation technique and taking note technique. The data are analyzed using distributional method and identity method simultaneously. While using distributional method, segmenting immediate constituents technique are used. In identity method, dividing key factors technique are used followed with the same interrelational method and the different interrelational method. The results of the study show that there are category shifts, namely 20 level shifts, 87 structure shifts, 23 class shifts, 132 unit shifts, 26 intra-system shifts, and meaning shift, namely 20 meaning shifts from generic to specific and vice-versa, and 22 meaning shifts from cultural point of view. In general, category shifts happened because there are structure, grammar, and system differences between source language and target language, while meaning shifts happened because of the difference of cultural point of view.

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Irawan, Yusup. "PERGESERAN KECAKAPAN BERTUTUR DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA BAHASA AKIBAT INTERAKSI BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA DAERAH, DAN BAHASA ASING." tuahtalino 15, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/tt.v15i1.2226.

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This study aims to examine the existence of language shifts through shifts in speaking skills due to interactions between Indonesian, regional languages, and foreign languages. The data collection technique used is the recording technique as the main technique, while the interview and direct observation techniques are additional techniques. The respondents of this study were 34 students of the Indonesian language study program and the foreign language study program. Speech data were analyzed with three aspects of oral language skills, namely (2) speech tempo (prosody or intonation), (2) fluency, and (3) lexical (Itkonen, 2010:15-17). The results of the analysis show that there has been a shift in speaking skills from regional languages to Indonesian for all groups of respondents. Even students who are engaged in foreign languages are on average more fluent in foreign languages than in regional languages. These are indicators of a shift in regional languages to Indonesian and a shift in regional languages to foreign languages among this group of students. It can be formulated that the lower the speaking skill of a language is mastered by the speaker, the more vulnerable the language is to be shifted by a language that is more capable of being mastered by the speaker.

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Marwah, V., S. Dasgupta, and P. Mittal. "Paradigm Shift in Technique of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy – Marwah’s Technique." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 21, no. 6 (November 2014): S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.560.

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Agarwal, Sugandha, O. P. Singh, Deepak Nagaria, Anil Kumar Tiwari, and Shikha Singh. "Image Quality Improvement Using Shift Variant and Shift Invariant Based Wavelet Transform Methods." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2017070103.

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The concept of Multi-Scale Transform (MST) based image de-noising methods is incorporated in this paper. The shortcomings of Fourier transform based methods have been improved using multi-scale transform, which help in providing the local information of non-stationary image at different scales which is indispensable for de-noising. Multi-scale transform based image de-noising methods comprises of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). Both DWT and SWT techniques are incorporated for the de-noising of standard images. Further, the performance comparison has been noted by using well defined metrics, such as, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Computation Time (CT). The result shows that SWT technique gives better performance as compared to DWT based de-noising technique in terms of both analytical and visual evaluation.

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Liu, Bo, Xiao Yan Huang, and Zong Wei Bao. "Accelerating Axle Gear-Shift Hole Processing Technique Improvement of CNC Equipment Headstock." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1829.

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Accelerating axle gear-shift hole processing technique of CNC equipment headstock was improved for gear colliding with housing wall during processing, interference phenomenon, galling and surface quality during scrapping plane. Experience proves that the machining process improvement of the accelerating shaft shift holes of the headstock is very successful and the product bottleneck effect is eliminated.

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Schaefer, Walter, Cameron Tropea, Georg Wigger, and Dirk Eierhoff. "Spray measurements with the time-shift technique." Measurement Science and Technology 32, no. 10 (June 22, 2021): 105202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac0467.

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Kumar, N. J. Satheesh. "Block Truncation Coding Using Bit Shift Technique." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. XI (November 23, 2017): 3041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11421.

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Tang, Y., and C. Tsang. "A technique for measuring nonlinear bit shift." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 6 (November 1991): 5316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.278824.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shift technique"

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Rosenkranz, Simon [Verfasser]. "Signal Processing for the Time-Shift Technique / Simon Rosenkranz." Berlin : epubli, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137418338/34.

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Li, Lingxi [Verfasser], Cameron Akademischer Betreuer] Tropea, and Xiaoshu [Akademischer Betreuer] [Cai. "Light Scattering of Complex Particles: Application to the Time-Shift Technique / Lingxi Li ; Cameron Tropea, Xiaoshu Cai." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222163160/34.

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Li, Lingxi [Verfasser], Cameron [Akademischer Betreuer] Tropea, and Xiaoshu [Akademischer Betreuer] Cai. "Light Scattering of Complex Particles: Application to the Time-Shift Technique / Lingxi Li ; Cameron Tropea, Xiaoshu Cai." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222163160/34.

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Chen, Chi-She. "Using TD/CCSK spread spectrum technique to combat multipath interference in a multiple user system." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179519410.

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McClelland, Anthony Francis. "Development of a novel technique for the measurement of the 1sâ†1â†/â†2 Lamb shift in high Z hydrogenic ions by Lyman #alpha#/Balmer #beta# wavelength intercomparison." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314909.

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Soga, Diogo. "Medida de topografia de superfície usando a técnica de deslocamento de fase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-02082013-153443/.

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Neste trabalho, medimos o perfil 3D de superfícies (microtopografia) utilizando uma técnica de interferometria óptica: Phase-Shi,ftzng (Deslocamento de Fase). Utilizamos um interferômetro do tipo Twyman-Green para produzir fi.guras de interferência da superfície analisada. Essas imagens foram armazenadas usando-se uma câmera CCD ligada à um microcomputador. Para obter a microtopografia, calculamos o Mapa de Fase a partir das imagens digitalizadas usando um programa de microcomputador. Posteriormente um outro programa removeu a ambiguidade da função tangente (unwrapping), pela Técnica do Autômato Celular, usada no cáiculo do Mapa de Fase. Então efetuamos os cálculos para determinar a microtopografia da superfície. Depois fizemos a análise da microtopografia, levantando informações relevantes para a sua caracterização. Analisamos objetos com alta refletividade (espelhos planos e redes de Ronchi) e obtivemos bons resultados. Também comparamos alguns dos resultados obtidos com a técnica de Deslocamento de Fase com os resultados obtidos pela análise de Franjas de Igual Espessura.
In this work we measured the 3D profile of surfaces (microtopography) using a optical interferometric technique: Phase-Shifting. We used a interferometer of type Twyman-Green to produce interferograms from analyzed surface. These images was captured using a CCD camera that was linked to a microcomputer. To obtain a microtopography, we calculated the Phase Map using the digitalized images and a software of microcomputer. Then another program removed the wrapping of tangent fuction, using the Cellular-Automata Technique, that was used to calculate the Phase Map. So we calculated the microtopography of the surface. After we did the analyses of the microtopography, find out some important informations of its description. We studied objects with high reflectivity (plane mirrors and Ronchi ruting) and we obtained good results. Also we compared some results with that obtained by analyses of Fringes of Equal Thickness\'

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Schwartz, David Aaron. "Synchronous multiprocessor realizations of shift-invariant flow graphs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13021.

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Tongning, Robert-christopher. "Ralentir le déphasage des états de superposition atomiques dans un cristal de Tm3+ : YAG." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011160.

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Ce travail se place dans le contexte des recherches sur les mémoires quantiques pour la lumière. L'information quantique est stockée dans un état de superposition atomique, dont la durée de vie détermine le temps maximum de stockage.On s'intéresse particulièrement aux matériaux capables de capturer la lumière par excitation résonnante d'une raie d'absorption, puis de conserver l'information quantique dans un état de superposition du fondamental électronique.Dans Tm3+:YAG, l'information est enregistrée dans un état de spin nucléaire. Cependant le champ magnétique qui lève la dégénérescence nucléaire entraîne les différents spins à des vitesses de précession différentes, ce qui tend à détruire l'aimantation initiale, porteuse de l'information.Une étude quantique du cristal est réalisée lors du premier chapitre de ce manuscrit. Les trois chapitres suivants traitent des différents mécanismes conduisant au déphasage des spins nucléaires. On y trouvera différente analyses théoriques qui seront confirmées par un ensemble de résultats expérimentaux, ainsi qu'une description détaillée du dispositif expérimental. Enfin le dernier chapitre, prospectif, exploite les outils développés au cours de la thèse pour préserver les cohérences optiques. Il présente quelques résultats expérimentaux prometteurs sur l'allongement du temps de vie de ces cohérences optiques.

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Mure, Simon. "Classification non supervisée de données spatio-temporelles multidimensionnelles : Applications à l’imagerie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI130/document.

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Avec l'augmentation considérable d'acquisitions de données temporelles dans les dernières décennies comme les systèmes GPS, les séquences vidéo ou les suivis médicaux de pathologies ; le besoin en algorithmes de traitement et d'analyse efficaces d'acquisition longitudinales n'a fait qu'augmenter. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une extension du formalisme mean-shift, classiquement utilisé en traitement d'images, pour le groupement de séries temporelles multidimensionnelles. Nous proposons aussi un algorithme de groupement hiérarchique des séries temporelles basé sur la mesure de dynamic time warping afin de prendre en compte les déphasages temporels. Ces choix ont été motivés par la nécessité d'analyser des images acquises en imagerie par résonance magnétique sur des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques. Cette maladie est encore très méconnue tant dans sa genèse que sur les causes des handicaps qu'elle peut induire. De plus aucun traitement efficace n'est connu à l'heure actuelle. Le besoin de valider des hypothèses sur les lésions de sclérose en plaque nous a conduit à proposer des méthodes de groupement de séries temporelles ne nécessitant pas d'a priori sur le résultat final, méthodes encore peu développées en traitement d'images
Due to the dramatic increase of longitudinal acquisitions in the past decades such as video sequences, global positioning system (GPS) tracking or medical follow-up, many applications for time-series data mining have been developed. Thus, unsupervised time-series data mining has become highly relevant with the aim to automatically detect and identify similar temporal patterns between time-series. In this work, we propose a new spatio-temporal filtering scheme based on the mean-shift procedure, a state of the art approach in the field of image processing, which clusters multivariate spatio-temporal data. We also propose a hierarchical time-series clustering algorithm based on the dynamic time warping measure that identifies similar but asynchronous temporal patterns. Our choices have been motivated by the need to analyse magnetic resonance images acquired on people affected by multiple sclerosis. The genetics and environmental factors triggering and governing the disease evolution, as well as the occurrence and evolution of individual lesions, are still mostly unknown and under intense investigation. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop new methods allowing automatic extraction and quantification of lesion characteristics. This has motivated our work on time-series clustering methods, which are not widely used in image processing yet and allow to process image sequences without prior knowledge on the final results

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Whaits, Clive Vivian. "Investigation into variable shift keying using direct sequence spread spectrum techniques." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9565.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis reports the research done into a relatively unknown modulation scheme called VPSK (Variable Phase Shift Keying) and the use of DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) techniques to achieve carrier synchronization and hence coherent demodulation in the receiver. VPSK is a new and relatively unknown modulation scheme in which data bits are encoded using patented algorithms designed by Millerand Walker. VPSK modulation is a SSBSC (Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier) modulation scheme with good bandwidth efficiency. Data is coherently demodulated in the receiver. In existing VPSK systems, the locally generated carrier in the receiver is synchronized to an integer multiple of the symbol clock frequency to allow coherent demodulation. This coherent method of demodulation is not optimum if the channel over which information must be transmitted is a non-Gaussian channel, or has multi-path characteristics.

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Books on the topic "Shift technique"

1

Oh, shift! Portland, OR: Powerhouse, Inc., 2012.

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The book of photography. London: DK Pub., 2005.

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Ahmad, M. M. Interference location technique for INMARSAT GEO satellites using Doppler shift. 1996.

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Goldstein, Beth, and John English. Sage Stance: A Remarkable Meditation Technique to Shift Out of Stress and Begin Living Again. Ascent Audio, 2016.

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Levenson, Brian. Shift Your Mind: 9 Mental Shifts to Thrive in Preparation and Performance. Disruption Books, 2020.

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Shift Your Mind: 9 Mental Shifts to Thrive in Preparation and Performance. Disruption Books, 2020.

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Transition in Power: Technological Warfare and the Shift from British to American Hegemony Since 1919. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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Shift This! CWH Publishers, 2022.

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Clark, Tinamarie. Shift Stirrer Method. Primedia eLaunch LLC, 2019.

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Hunt, Rachel. Shift my Beliefs. Rachel Athena LLC, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shift technique"

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Hofer, Otmar. "The Lanthanide Induced Shift Technique: Applications in Conformational Analysis." In Topics in Stereochemistry, 111–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470147184.ch3.

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Nozato, Hideaki, Wataru Kokuyama, and Akihiro Ota. "Shock Calibration with Zero Shift Using a Digital Filter Technique." In Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, and Energy Harvesting, Volume 9, 169–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15233-2_18.

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Schweitzer, Paul J., Giuseppe Serazzi, and Marco Broglia. "A Queue-Shift Approximation Technique for Product-Form Queueing Networks." In Computer Performance Evaluation, 267–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68061-6_22.

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Sharma, Bhupendra, Ashwani Kumar Yadav, Vaishali, and Amit Chaurasia. "Design and Analysis of 3-Bit Shift Register Using MTCMOS Technique." In International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019, 1107–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0633-8_111.

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Khante, Suraj, and Pranav Nimkar. "Identification of Enhanced Stiffness of Beam by EMI Frequency Shift Technique." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 105–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6463-5_11.

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Lin, Yih-Chuan, Tzung-Shian Li, Yao-Tang Chang, Chuen-Ching Wang, and Wen-Tzu Chen. "A Subsampling and Interpolation Technique for Reversible Histogram Shift Data Hiding." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 384–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13681-8_45.

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Cho, K. Daniel. "Transference or, When Discourses Shift: Toward a Theory of Psychopedagogical Technique." In Psychopedagogy, 45–67. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230622210_4.

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Li, Ying-chun, Seungryeol Go, Hyung-ryeol Yoo, Sang-deok Kim, and Jong-Wha Chong. "TOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Shift-Invariant Technique for Multi-band Signals." In AETA 2013: Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences, 241–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41968-3_25.

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Ramanujam, Ponnusamy, Scott Fogerty, William Heiser, and James Jolly. "A Rapid Gel-Shift Technique to Analyse DNA-Protein Interactions using Phastsystem™." In A Laboratory Guide to In Vitro Studies of Protein-DNA Interactions, 207–19. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7561-5_16.

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Li, Y., and R. B. Thompson. "Effects of Pulse Distortion on Phase Velocity Measurements Using the Zero-Crossing Shift Technique." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 203–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shift technique"

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Zaher, Ashraf A. "An improved chaotic shift keying technique." In 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2012.6217854.

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Kretschmer, A., S. Hohne, and N. Damaschke. "Particle characterization with the Time-Shift-Technique." In 2011 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2011.6127259.

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Morikawa, Yasutaka, Takashi Ogawa, Katsuhide Tsuchiya, Shigeru Noguchi, and Katsuyoshi Nakashima. "Performance of cell-shift defect inspection technique." In Photomask Japan '97, edited by Naoaki Aizaki. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.277265.

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Gemikonakli, O. "A phase shift technique for intermodulation cancellation." In Ninth International Conference on HF Radio Systems and Techniques. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20030432.

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Shen, Fa-hua, Zhong-chun Wang, Cheng-lin Liu, and Dong-song Sun. "Doppler-Shift Measurement with Fizeau Fringe Imaging Technique." In 2011 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sopo.2011.5780581.

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Widarta, Anton. "Null Technique for Precision RF Phase Shift Measurements." In 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2018.8501067.

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Shukla, Rutu, and Maulik Dhamecha. "A Survey Paper on Mean Shift Algorithm to Improve Efficiency using Blurring Mean Shift Technique." In 2019 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssit46314.2019.8987589.

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Hasan, Md Zahid, Iftekhar Idris, A. F. M. Nokib Uddin, and Md Shahjahan. "Performance analysis of a coherent chaos-shift keying technique." In 2012 15th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2012.6509721.

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Tabatabaei, Azade S., Mohammad Esmaeili, and Foroogh S. Tabataba. "A transmit diversity technique for space shift keying modulation." In 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2017.7985365.

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Toru, ISHII, Yukiko Yoshikawa, Shintaro Izumi, and Hiroshi Kawaguchi. "Doppler shift compensation technique for ultrasonic DSSS ranging system." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9128367.

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Reports on the topic "Shift technique"

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McCord, Larry. An empirical analysis of the shift/share technique for employment forecasting. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5375.

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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are &lt;100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.

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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.

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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.

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Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species richness at the site and community scales (alpha and gamma diversity) were reduced in dry years. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping the plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became less frequent through the monitoring period. Also, additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, likely shaped the prairie community. Tree regeneration and nonnative plants in particular may have been affected by these techniques. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness varied over time and was correlated with precipitation; diversity indices (H′ and J′) were similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) demonstrated differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the park, were abundant and statistically similar across years. Many guilds were quite variable across the sites, but nonnative forbs declined, and nonnative grasses increased. Overstory trees and canopy cover, measured for the first time in 2020, have likely influenced the composition of one site. The composition of this site points to a shrubland-savanna community. Four of the sites tended towards shrubland rather than tallgrass prairie. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2008 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. An anticipated decline in species richness was observed in 2012 and 2016, but we were unable to isolate sample design as the cause. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded by tallying seedlings and saplings in the field. Our quality assurance procedures indicated that our observer error from pseudoturnover was 20.2%, meeting our expectations. Cover class estimates agreed 73% of the time, with all disagreements within one cover class. Coordinating management actions to achieve plant community goals like structure and composition of tallgrass prairie will be critical to the survival of the prairie species at the park. Fire and nonnative plant treatments along with the reduction of woody cover including trees are needed to arrest the transition to savanna and woodland community types. Frequent prescribed fire is an integral process for this community and there is no equivalent substitute. Continued focus on management for the desired tallgrass prairie community will also provide needed habitat for imperiled pollinators such as the monarch butterfly. Best management practices for pollinators on federal lands specify that treatments (prescribed fire, mowing or haying) should not occur during the blooming season or when pollinator breeding, egg, larval or pupal stages are present.

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