Journal articles: 'Shift systems'

1

Smith, Lawrence, Ian Macdonald, Simon Folkard, and Philip Tucker. "Industrial shift systems." Applied Ergonomics 29, no. 4 (August 1998): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(97)00059-8.

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Shekutkovski, Nikita. "Shift and coherent shift in inverse systems." Topology and its Applications 140, no. 1 (May 2004): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2003.08.012.

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Ron, Amos, and Zuowei Shen. "Generalized Shift-Invariant Systems." Constructive Approximation 22, no. 1 (October 8, 2004): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00365-004-0563-8.

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Knauth, P. "Designing better shift systems." Applied Ergonomics 27, no. 1 (February 1996): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(95)00044-5.

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SALLINEN, Mikael, Mikko HÄRMÄ, Pertti MUTANEN, Riikka RANTA, Jussi VIRKKALA, and Kiti MÜLLER. "Sleepiness in Various Shift Combinations of Irregular Shift Systems." Industrial Health 43, no. 1 (2005): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.43.114.

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Casjens, Swaantje, Frank Brenscheidt, Anita Tisch, Beate Beermann, Thomas Brüning, Thomas Behrens, and Sylvia Rabstein. "Social jetlag and sleep debts are altered in different rosters of night shift work." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): e0262049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262049.

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Background Night and shift work are suspected to cause various adverse effects on health and sleep. Sleep deprivation through shift work is assumed to be compensated on free days. So far it is not clear how different shift systems and shift lengths affect sleep structure on work and free days. Especially working night shifts disrupts the circadian rhythm but also extended working hours (12h) might affect sleep characteristics. Hitherto, the magnitude of sleep debt, social jetlag, and Locomotor Inactivity During Sleep (LIDS) in different shift systems is unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the impact of five different shift rosters on sleep in 129 industrial workers from Germany. Permanent night work with multiple shift systems with and without night shifts and with different shift lengths were compared. Wrist-activity was monitored over 28 days revealing sleep on- and offsets as well as LIDS as proxy for sleep quality. Overall, 3,865 sleep bouts comprising 22,310 hours of sleep were examined. Results The mean daily age-adjusted sleep duration (including naps) was 6:43h and did not differ between shift workers of different rosters. However, sleep duration on workdays was particularly low in rotational shift systems with 12h-shifts (5:00h), while overall sleep debt was highest. Shift workers showed a median absolute social jetlag of 3:03h, which differed considerably between shift types and rosters (p<0.0001). Permanent night workers had the highest social jetlag (5:08h) and latest mid-sleeps on workdays and free days. Sleep quality was reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers in other rosters and differed between daytime and nighttime sleep. Conclusions Shift work leads to partial sleep deprivation, which particularly affects workers in 12h-shifts and permanent night shifts. Working these shifts resulted in higher sleep debts and larger absolute social jetlag whereas sleep quality was especially reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers of other rosters.

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Permatasari, Henny, Junaiti Sahar, Muchtarrudin Mansyur, and Astrid Widayati Hardjono. "Voices of Indonesian Manufacturing Workers in Rotating Shift Systems." Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia 25, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jki.v25i1.1210.

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The factors associated with changes in work patterns and working hours due to rotating shifts have an effect on the increased risk of health problems in workers. Manufacturing industry workers, specifically those on rotating shift schedules, are at a high risk of various health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, circadian rhythm problems, social life problems, and stress. These health problems may be worsened by poor lifestyle habits, such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and infrequent physical activity. This research aimed to explore the experience of 12 manufacturing workers on rotating shift schedules in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Through a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study employed 12 participants selected from manufacturing industry shift workers. The participants were selected through purposive sampling whom met the inclusion criteria, namely working in three rotating shift patterns (morning, afternoon, and night shift), aged 20–50 years old, having at least three years of experience in shift work, and able to communicate well. Selection was done with the assistance of the supervisors of the participants working in the manufacturing industry. Thematic analysis yielded three themes: the reasons for working shifts, the effects of shift work, and efforts made to maintain health during working shifts. The findings of this study imply the need for occupational health nursing services as the main intervention at the primary and secondary prevention levels. Occupational health nurses provide occupational health nursing services in the workplace in accordance with the nursing intervention model of fatigue management.AbstrakSuara Pekerja Manufaktur Indonesia dalam Sistem Shift Berputar. Dalam sistem kerja shift, faktor-faktor seperti per-ubahan pola kerja dan jam kerja dapat berdampak pada masalah kesehatan para pekerjanya. Pekerja shift manufak-tur berisiko memiliki berbagai masalah kesehatan, seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler, gangguan irama sirkadian, gangguan pola kehidupan sosial, stres, didukung oleh perilaku pekerja seperti merokok, diet yang buruk serta aktivitas olah raga yang jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman para 12 pekerja di sector manufaktur di Indonesia, khususnya di daerah Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan berjumlah 12 didapatkan melalui teknik purposive sampling yang memenuhi krite-ria inklusi: menggunakan sistem kerja rotasi tiga shift (pagi, sore, dan malam), berusia 20–50 tahun, memiliki pengalam-an bekerja sistem rotasi shift minimal tiga tahun, dan mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik. Proses pemilihan partisipan dilakukan peneliti bersama key person, yaitu supervisor/leader dari beberapa pabrik manufaktur. Analisis tematik yang dilakukan menghasilkan tiga tema: alasan bekerja shift, dampak dari kerja shift, dan upaya para pekerja dalam menjaga status kesehatan. Temuan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi implikasi bagi kesadaran terhadap perlunya tenaga kesehatan atau perawat di area kerja atau sektor industri sebagai upaya intervensi utama dan sekunder dalam pencegahan ke-celakaan kerja untuk para pekerja dan keluarga pekerja melalui model keperawatan manajemen kelelahan kerja (MARI-KERJA).Kata Kunci: kerja shift, pekerja manufaktur, perawat kesehatan kerja, sistem berputar

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Bachorczyk Nagy, Renata, Marek Danielewski, and Robert Filipek. "Kirkendall Shift in Multicomponent Systems." Solid State Phenomena 72 (January 2000): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.72.153.

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9

Jaff, Luai, Cyrille Bertelle, and Gerard H. E. Duchamp. "Shift operators and complex systems." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 3, no. 1 (2008): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2008.018184.

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10

KNAUTH, PETER. "The design of shift systems." Ergonomics 36, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139308967850.

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BARTON, JANE, and SIMON FOLKARD. "Advancing versus delaying shift systems." Ergonomics 36, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139308967855.

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12

Martin, Carla D. Moravitz, and Charles F. Van Loan. "Product Triangular Systems with Shift." SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 24, no. 1 (January 2002): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0895479801396051.

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13

Amigó, José María, Sergi Elizalde, and Matthew B. Kennel. "Forbidden patterns and shift systems." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 115, no. 3 (April 2008): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2007.07.004.

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14

Makino, Takenori. "Shift-net and power shift-net for parallel processor systems." Parallel Computing 20, no. 7 (July 1994): 1027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8191(94)90016-7.

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15

Kim, Jaehong, Heejung Yu, Xin Kang , and Jingon Joung . "Discrete Phase Shifts of Intelligent Reflecting Surface Systems Considering Network Overhead." Entropy 24, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121753.

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In this study, the performance of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) with a discrete phase shift strategy is examined in multiple-antenna systems. Considering the IRS network overhead, the achievable rate model is newly designed to evaluate the practical IRS system performance. Finding the optimal resolution of the IRS discrete phase shifts and a corresponding phase shift vector is an NP-hard combinatorial problem with an extremely large search complexity. Recognizing the performance trade-off between the IRS passive beamforming gain and IRS signaling overheads, the incremental search method is proposed to present the optimal resolution of the IRS discrete phase shift. Moreover, two low-complexity sub-algorithms are suggested to obtain the IRS discrete phase shift vector during the incremental search algorithms. The proposed incremental search-based discrete phase shift method can efficiently obtain the optimal resolution of the IRS discrete phase shift that maximizes the overhead-aware achievable rate. Simulation results show that the discrete phase shift with the incremental search method outperforms the conventional analog phase shift by choosing the optimal resolution of the IRS discrete phase shift. Furthermore, the cumulative distribution function comparison shows the superiority of the proposed method over the entire coverage area. Specifically, it is shown that more than 20% of coverage extension can be accomplished by deploying IRS with the proposed method.

16

Sallinen, Mikael, and Göran Kecklund. "Shift work, sleep, and sleepiness - differences between shift schedules and systems." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2900.

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Huszti, Andrea, Klaus Scheicher, Paul Surer, and Jörg M. Thuswaldner. "Three-dimensional symmetric shift radix systems." Acta Arithmetica 129, no. 2 (2007): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa129-2-2.

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Majdalawieh, Munir, and Issam Zaghloul. "Paradigm shift in information systems auditing." Managerial Auditing Journal 24, no. 4 (April 17, 2009): 352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686900910948198.

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Hagelstein, P. L., and I. U. Chaudhary. "Electron mass shift in nonthermal systems." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 41, no. 12 (June 6, 2008): 125001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/12/125001.

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KOMIYAMA, Masaharu. "Paradigm Shift in Industrial Catalytic Systems." Hyomen Kagaku 30, no. 2 (2009): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.30.67.

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21

Kucherenko, V. V., and N. L. Vasilevskii. "Shift operator generated by trigonometric systems." Mathematical Notes 67, no. 4 (April 2000): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02676402.

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22

Hsieh, Shulan, and Alan Allport. "Shifting Attention in a Rapid Visual Search Paradigm." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.315.

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A method is introduced for studying shifts of attention in semantic space, testing 56 subjects in four experiments on a semantic monitoring task based on rapid, serial, visually presented (RSVP) word-sequences. Following a cue to shift attention, accuracy of semantic monitoring drops abruptly to a low level, then gradually recovers to reach preshift levels over successive stimuli in the RSVP sequence. Using this method, we compared two kinds of criterion-shifts, one requiring a set-reversal (‘reversal shifts’), the other involving a shift between orthogonally defined categories (‘orthogonal shifts’); no differences were found. We have also examined the difference in a shift between two different processing domains (semantic vs typographic) compared with a shift of criterion within the same processing domain. The results showed no differences for within- vs between-domain shifts. Finally, we studied the time-course of a semantic attention shift. Execution of a semantic shift did not follow an internally controlled time-course but was a direct function of the rate of stimulus presentation. No evidence was found for the operation of a ‘supervisory attentional system’ independent of external stimulus triggering.

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Ralyté, Jolita, Abdelaziz Khadraoui, and Michel Léonard. "Designing the Shift from Information Systems to Information Services Systems." Business & Information Systems Engineering 57, no. 1 (February 2015): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0364-y.

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ZHAO, PING, J. R. LAWALL, and F. M. PIPKIN. "ISOTOPE SHIFT MEASUREMENTS OF HELIUM." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 24n25 (October 1991): 1625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001957.

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The helium isotope shift provides invaluable information for testing theories describing many-body systems. We review the recent advances in measurements of the isotope shifts for helium with an emphasis on a new experimental technique.

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KEPLER, THOMAS B. "GEOMETRIC PHASE SHIFTS IN DISSIPATIVE CLASSICAL SYSTEMS." Modern Physics Letters B 06, no. 26 (November 10, 1992): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992001320.

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The reanalysis of the adiabatic theorem initiated by Berry and leading to the discovery of the unexpectedly elegant geometric phase shift, has been broadened in scope by many authors; most recently, to dissipative classical dynamical systems. I review this work with an emphasis on the fundamental characteristics underlying all instantiations of geometric phase shifts.

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Schnackenberg, Heidi L., Edwin S. Vega, and Denise A. Simard. "Paradigm Shift." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 16, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2014040101.

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In order to meet the demands of an overcrowded computer lab, a technology instructor designs a plan that is outside the paradigm of what is considered to be “standard operating procedure” for implementing and integrating technology into a course in a teacher education program. To accommodate 125 students in a computer classroom that only has 20 seats and computers, portable media devices with Web 2.0 technology, micro-blogging and a social media network were incorporated as part of the course curriculum. These solutions were chosen because most social media networks are easily accessible via portable media devices and virtually every college-aged student already knows how to use them with little-to-no training. Additionally, Web 2.0 allows for on-line collaboration and sharing, and website interfaces behave like software, thus enabling students to work and communicate easily outside of class. Although the use of technology did facilitate innovation in course activities, there were many challenges throughout the semester and suggestions for improvement in the future.

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Choi, Il-Muk, Kyung-Hoon Won, Ki-Yun Kim, and Hyung-Jin Choi. "Offset Phase Rotation Shift Keying and Phase Silence Rotation Shift Keying Modulation for Medical In-Body WBAN Systems." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 37, no. 5A (May 30, 2012): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2012.37a.5.290.

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Yletyinen, Johanna, Örjan Bodin, Benjamin Weigel, Marie C. Nordström, Erik Bonsdorff, and Thorsten Blenckner. "Regime shifts in marine communities: a complex systems perspective on food web dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1825 (February 24, 2016): 20152569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2569.

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Species composition and habitats are changing at unprecedented rates in the world's oceans, potentially causing entire food webs to shift to structurally and functionally different regimes. Despite the severity of these regime shifts, elucidating the precise nature of their underlying processes has remained difficult. We address this challenge with a new analytic approach to detect and assess the relative strength of different driving processes in food webs. Our study draws on complexity theory, and integrates the network-centric exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) framework developed within the social sciences with community ecology. In contrast to previous research, this approach makes clear assumptions of direction of causality and accommodates a dynamic perspective on the emergence of food webs. We apply our approach to analysing food webs of the Baltic Sea before and after a previously reported regime shift. Our results show that the dominant food web processes have remained largely the same, although we detect changes in their magnitudes. The results indicate that the reported regime shift may not be a system-wide shift, but instead involve a limited number of species. Our study emphasizes the importance of community-wide analysis on marine regime shifts and introduces a novel approach to examine food webs.

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Shirazi, Fatemah, Javad Sarkooh, and Bahman Taherkhani. "On Devaney chaotic generalized shift dynamical systems." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.50.2013.4.1246.

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In the following text we prove that in a generalized shift dynamical system (XГ, σφ) for infinite countable Г and discrete X with at least two elements the following statements are equivalent: the dynamical system (XГ, σφ) is chaotic in the sense of Devaneythe dynamical system (XГ, σφ) is topologically transitivethe map φ: Г → Г is one to one without any periodic point.Also for infinite countable Г and finite discrete X with at least two elements (XГ, σφ) is exact Devaney chaotic, if and only if φ: Г → Г is one to one and φ: Г → Г has niether periodic points nor φ-backwarding infinite sequences.

30

Saito, Mutsumi. "Parameter shift in normal generalized hypergeometric systems." Tohoku Mathematical Journal 44, no. 4 (1992): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2748/tmj/1178227247.

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31

KUMAGAI, Sadatoshi. "A Paradigm Shift toward Autonomous Distributed Systems." IEICE ESS FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW 3, no. 1 (2009): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/essfr.3.1_4.

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32

Ooba, T. "Stability analysis of shift-invariant multidimensional systems." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 49, no. 8 (August 2002): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2002.801250.

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33

Mäkilä, P. M., and J. R. Partington. "Shift Operator Induced Approximations of Delay Systems." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 37, no. 6 (January 1999): 1897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0363012998339678.

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Yu, Runyi. "Shift-Variance Measure of Multichannel Multirate Systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59, no. 12 (December 2011): 6245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2165953.

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35

Inoue, Kyo. "Differential Phase-Shift Quantum Key Distribution Systems." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 21, no. 3 (May 2015): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2014.2360362.

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36

Giuliani, G., N. J. Hewitt, F. Marchesi Donati, and F. Polonara. "Composition shift in liquid-recirculation refrigerating systems." International Journal of Refrigeration 22, no. 6 (September 1999): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(99)00009-2.

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37

Boldin, A. Yu, and R. A. Sharipov. "Multidimensional dynamical systems that admit normal shift." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 100, no. 2 (August 1994): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01016762.

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Berthé, Valérie, Anne Siegel, Wolfgang Steiner, Paul Surer, and Jörg M. Thuswaldner. "Fractal tiles associated with shift radix systems." Advances in Mathematics 226, no. 1 (January 2011): 139–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2010.06.010.

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Hou, Bingzhe, and Geng Tian. "Strong topological shift equivalence for dynamical systems." Topology and its Applications 265 (September 2019): 106830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2019.106830.

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Merkli, Marco. "Level shift operators for open quantum systems." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 327, no. 1 (March 2007): 376–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.04.030.

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BIMLER, DAVID L., and GALINA V. PARAMEI. "Luminance-dependent hue shift in protanopes." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213013.

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For normal trichromats, the hue of a light can change as its luminance varies. This Bezold-Brücke (B-B) hue shift is commonly attributed to nonlinearity in the blue–yellow opponent system. In the present study, we questioned whether protanopes experience analogous changes. Two protanopes (Ps) viewed spectral lights at six luminance levels across three log steps. Two normal trichromats (NTs) were tested for comparison. A variant of the color-naming method was used, with an additional “white” term. To overcome the difficulty of Ps' idiosyncratic color naming, we converted color-naming functions into individual color spaces, by way of interstimulus similarities and multidimensional scaling (MDS). The color spaces describe each stimulus in terms of spatial coordinates, so that hue shifts are measured geometrically, as displacements along specific dimensions. For the NTs, a B-B shift derived through MDS agreed well with values obtained directly by matching color-naming functions. A change in color appearance was also observed for the Ps, distinct from that in perceived brightness. This change was about twice as large as the B-B shift for NTs and combined what the latter would distinguish as hue and saturation shifts. The protanopic analogue of the B-B shift indicates that the blue–yellow nonlinearity persists in the absence of a red–green signal. In addition, at mesopic levels (≤ 38 td), the Ps' MDS solution was two dimensional at longer wavelengths, suggesting rod input. Conversely, at higher luminance levels (76 td–760 td) the MDS solution was essentially one dimensional, placing a lower limit on S-cone input at longer wavelengths.

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Elliott, Lauren, Michael Esterman, and Adam S. Greenberg. "Successfully withholding attention shifts is strongly modulated by shift/hold cue ratio." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2783.

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Park, Young Man, Kazuya Matsumoto, Harumi Shinkoda, Yoo Jin Seo, and Tae Jung Noh. "Sleep in relation to shift systems, age, and chronotype in Korean shift workers." Japanese journal of ergonomics 35, no. 1Supplement (1999): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.1supplement_109.

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Smith, L., S. Folkard, P. Tucker, and I. Macdonald. "Work shift duration: a review comparing eight hour and 12 hour shift systems." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.55.4.217.

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LEVAN, NHAN, and CARLOS S. KUBRUSLY. "DUAL-SHIFT DECOMPOSITION AND WAVELETS." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 12, no. 02 (March 2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691314500143.

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We introduce the notion of dual-shift decomposition of an arbitrary Hilbert space, which is given in terms of two unilateral shifts. After ensuring conditions for the existence of it, such a decomposition is then constructed for the concrete space ℒ2[0, 1], on which the two unilateral shifts are parts of the dilation-by-2 and the translation-by-1 on ℒ2(ℝ). Using multiresolution analysis (MRA) of wavelet theory it is shown the existence of a Haar-system-type orthonormal basis for ℒ2[0, 1], which is combined with the dual-shift decomposition to yield a refined decomposition for ℒ2[0, 1].

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Pitchford, Mark. "The ‘Shift Left’ Principle." New Electronics 54, no. 14 (September 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)60234-7.

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Nyquist, R. A., and C. W. Puehl. "Infrared Study of Phosphorous Oxychloride and Organophosphorus Compounds Containing the P(=O)Cl2 Group in Dilute Solvent Systems." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 10 (October 1992): 1552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370292789619223.

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The present study has shown that some normal vibrations shift to lower frequency while others shift to higher frequency as the mole % of the solvent system increases. The vP=O mode for compounds containing the P(=O)Cl2 group shifts to lower frequency with increase in the mole % CHCl3/CCl4. The P=O group is believed to be complexed with the solvent system. Both the vasym.PCl2 and vsym.PCl2 modes shift to higher frequency as the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 increases. The application of IR and different solvent systems aids in assigning rotational isomer band pairs.

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Auletta, Gennaro. "A Paradigm Shift in Biology?" Information 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2010): 28–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info1010028.

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MILTSAKAKI, E., and K. KUKICH. "Evaluation of text coherence for electronic essay scoring systems." Natural Language Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 23, 2004): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003206.

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Existing software systems for automated essay scoring can provide NLP researchers with opportunities to test certain theoretical hypotheses, including some derived from Centering Theory. In this study we employ the Educational Testing Service's e-rater essay scoring system to examine whether local discourse coherence, as defined by a measure of Centering Theory's Rough-Shift transitions, might be a significant contributor to the evaluation of essays. Rough-Shifts within students' paragraphs often occur when topics are short-lived and unconnected, and are therefore indicative of poor topic development. We show that adding the Rough-Shift based metric to the system improves its performance significantly, better approximating human scores and providing the capability of valuable instructional feedback to the student. These results indicate that Rough-Shifts do indeed capture a source of incoherence, one that has not been closely examined in the Centering literature. They not only justify Rough-Shifts as a valid transition type, but they also support the original formulation of Centering as a measure of discourse continuity even in pronominal-free text. Finally, our study design, which used a combination of automated and manual NLP techniques, highlights specific areas of NLP research and development needed for engineering practical applications.

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Chapman, Brendan B., and Brian D. Corneil. "Properties of human eye-head gaze shifts in an anti-gaze shift task." Vision Research 48, no. 4 (February 2008): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.11.014.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shift systems'

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