Journal articles: 'Shift and night work'

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Zhang, Shengkui, Yongbin Wang, Zhende Wang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Qinglin Li, Weijun Guan, and Juxiang Yuan. "Rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among steelworkers in China: a cross-sectional survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 5 (February 4, 2020): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106220.

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ObjectivesIn a 24/7 society, the negative metabolic effects of rotating night shift work have been increasingly explored. This study aimed to examine the association between rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in steelworkers.MethodsA total of 6881 subjects was included in this study. Different exposure metrics of night shift work including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month) and average length of night shifts (hours/night) were used to examine the relationship between night shift work and NAFLD.ResultsCurrent night shift workers had elevated odds of NAFLD (OR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48) compared with those who never worked night shifts after adjustment for potential confounders. Duration of night shifts, cumulative number of night shifts and cumulative length of night shifts were positively associated with NAFLD. Both the average frequency of night shifts (>7 nights/month vs ≤7 nights/month: OR, 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45) and average length of night shifts (>8 hours/night vs ≤8 hours/night: OR, 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.51) were independently associated with overall NAFLD after mutually adjusting for the duration of night shifts and other potential confounders among night shift workers. No significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and NAFLD.ConclusionsRotating night shift work is associated with elevated odds of NAFLD in male steelworkers.

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Zhang, Shengkui, Yongbin Wang, Qinglin Li, Zhende Wang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Ying Zhu, Weijun Guan, and Juxiang Yuan. "Different exposure metrics of rotating night shift work and hyperhomocysteinaemia among Chinese steelworkers: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e041576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041576.

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ObjectiveTo examine the associations of rotating night shift work with hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) odds by different exposure metrics.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOccupational physical examination centre for steel production workers, Tangshan, China.ParticipantsA total of 6846 steelworkers, aged 22–60 years, from the baseline survey of a Chinese occupational cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifferent exposure metrics of night shift work, including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month), average length of night shifts (hours/night) and percentage of hours on night shifts, were used to examine the effects of past and current night shift work on HHcy odds. The total homocysteine concentration in the plasma above 15 µmol/L was defined as HHcy.ResultsCompared with those who never worked night shifts, current night shift workers had elevated odds of HHcy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.44). Considering a person’s lifetime work schedule and compared with individuals who never worked night shifts, duration of night shifts >28 years (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.61), average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.47) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43) were associated with higher HHcy odds. The duration of night shifts >20 years and the average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month could significantly increase the odds of HHcy regardless of whether the average length of night shifts was greater than 8 hours/night. After stratification by sex, no significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and HHcy.ConclusionsLong duration and high frequency of night shift work are associated with higher HHcy odds among male steelworkers.

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McHill, Andrew W., and Kenneth P. Wright. "Cognitive Impairments during the Transition to Working at Night and on Subsequent Night Shifts." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419848552.

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Demands of modern society force many work operations into the night when the internal circadian timekeeping system is promoting sleep. The combination of disturbed daytime sleep and circadian misalignment, which is common in overnight shift work, decreases cognitive performance, yet how performance may differ across multiple consecutive nights of shift work is not fully understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to use a simulated night-shift protocol to examine the cognitive performance and ratings of sleepiness and clear-headedness across the hours of a typical daytime shift, a first night shift with an afternoon nap and extended wakefulness, and 2 subsequent overnight shifts. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive performance would be worse on the first night shift as compared with the baseline and subsequent nighttime shifts and that performance during nighttime shifts would be reduced as compared with the baseline daytime shift. Fifteen healthy adults (6 men) were studied in the 6-day in-laboratory protocol. Results showed that working during the night increased subjective sleepiness and decreased clear-headedness and performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (i.e., slower median, fastest and slowest reaction times, and increased attentional lapses), Stroop color word task (decreased number of correct responses and slower median reaction time), and calculation addition performance task (decreased number attempted and correct). Furthermore, we observed limited evidence of sleepiness, clear-headedness, or performance adaptation across subsequent nights of simulated night work. Our findings demonstrate that night-shift work, regardless of whether it is the first night shift with a nap and extended wakefulness or subsequent night shifts, decreases performance and clear-headedness as compared with the day shift.

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Hughes, Vickie. "Safe night-shift work." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 47, no. 8 (August 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000488857.54323.64.

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Afif Arifah, Dian, Yuli Dwi Andarini, and Rindang Dianita. "Occupational Fatigue Based on Work Shift Among Medical Workers at Harjono S Hospital." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 10, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2019.10.3.199-206.

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Working at day (morning and afternoon shift) is normal working times according to human physiological conditions, but working at night would impact to the sleep cycle and regulation of human homeostasis. Various studies have found that working at night causing conditions that can interfere the ability to adapt both biologically and socially. Workers on the night shift also have a higher risk of injury or accidents due to work fatigue. This stydy aims to determine the fatigue score between night and non-noght shift workers at Dr Harjono S Hospital, Ponorogo. Data Collected in August 2019 and involved 80 medical workers as respondents who were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained through direct observation and interviews to respondents. Fatigue was measured in numerical score with Fatigue Assesment Scale (FAS) Instrument. Work shift variables (WS) are divided into : non-night shift (morning, noon) and night shift (morning, noon, night). To find out the differences in physical conditions of workers in each shift, the Heart Rate (HR) of the night shift workers measured in the end of three shifts (morning : 07-14.00; Afternoon : 14.00-21.00; and night :21.00-07.00). Using independent T-test analysis, there was a significant difference in Fatigue Level of workers with night shifts and non-night shifts (p < 0.000). Workers with the night shift has 29.0 of Fatigue Levels or 21 % greather than workers with non-nigh shift (Fatigue Level : 24.2). Result shows that working at night increasing level of fatigue by 21 % than working at day. Workers on the night shift have the highest HR at the end of the shift (86.311 bpm) while workers at noon shift have the lowest HR (85.2). Keywords: Occupational fatigue, work shift, medical workers

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Vallières, Annie, Chantal Mérette, Alric Pappathomas, Monica Roy, and Célyne H. Bastien. "Psychosocial Features of Shift Work Disorder." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070928.

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To better understand Shift Work Disorder (SWD), this study investigates insomnia, sleepiness, and psychosocial features of night workers. The study compares night workers with or without SWD to day workers with or without insomnia. Seventy-nine night workers and 40 day workers underwent diagnostic interviews for sleep disorders and for psychopathologies. They completed questionnaires and a sleep diary for 14 days. The design was observatory upon two factors: Work schedule (night, day work) and sleep (good sleep, SWD/insomnia). Two-way ANCOVAs were conducted on psychosocial variables, and effect size were calculated. The clinical approach chosen led to distinct groups of workers. Night workers slept several periods (main sleep period after work, naps, nights on days off). High total wake time and low total sleep time characterized sleep in SWD. Most night workers with SWD still complained of sleepiness after main sleep. Cognitive activation distinguished groups of night workers. All other differences in psychosocial variables between night workers groups were similar to, but smaller than, the ones between day workers. The evaluation of SWD should consider all sleep periods of night workers with particular attention to self-reported total wake time, state sleepiness, and level of cognitive activation.

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Zhang, Shengkui, Han Wang, Yongbin Wang, Miao Yu, and Juxiang Yuan. "Association of Rotating Night Shift Work with Body Fat Percentage and Fat Mass Index among Female Steelworkers in North China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126355.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of rotating night shift work with body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 female steelworkers, aged 26–57 years in Tangshan, China. BF% was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis and FMI was calculated. Different exposure metrics of night shift work were used to examine the effects of night shift work on BF% and FMI. The duration (years), cumulative number (nights), and cumulative length of night shifts (hours) were positively correlated with FMI and BF%, and these relationships were independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with day workers, night shift workers with an average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 5.35) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.39) had elevated odds of obesity (BF% ≥ 35.0%). Nonobese night shift workers by the BMI criterion should also be alert to the risk of the excess accumulation of body fat, which is actually responsible for most obesity-associated adverse health consequences. Health interventions for related populations need to be improved, which is currently more focused on overall weight control.

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Playe, Stephen J. "Melatonin After Night Shift Work." Annals of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 4 (April 1999): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70327-6.

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Ward, Elizabeth M., Dori Germolec, Manolis Kogevinas, David McCormick, Roel Vermeulen, Vladimir N. Anisimov, Kristan J. Aronson, et al. "Carcinogenicity of night shift work." Lancet Oncology 20, no. 8 (August 2019): 1058–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30455-3.

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Barul, Christine, Hugues Richard, and Marie-Elise Parent. "Night-Shift Work and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Canadian Case-Control Study, the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 10 (July 30, 2019): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz167.

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Abstract Night-shift work involving disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with breast cancer risk. A role in prostate cancer is also suspected, but evidence is limited. We investigated the association between night-shift work and prostate cancer incidence in the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study (PROtEuS), a population-based case-control study conducted in 2005–2012 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Participants were 1,904 prostate cancer cases (432 high-grade cancers) and 1,965 population controls. Detailed work schedules for each job held for at least 2 years (n = 15,724) were elicited in face-to-face interviews. Night-shift work was defined as having ever worked ≥3 hours between midnight and 5:00 am ≥3 nights/month for ≥1 year. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between night-shift work and prostate cancer, adjusting for age, ancestry, and education. No association was found between overall prostate cancer and night-shift work metrics, including ever exposure, duration, intensity, cumulative exposure, rotating shifts, and early-morning shifts. For none of the exposure indices was there evidence of heterogeneity in odds ratios between low- and high-grade cancers. Sensitivity analyses restricting exposures to ≥7 nights/month or considering screening history yielded similar results. Our findings lend no support for a major role of night-shift work in prostate cancer development.

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Peterson, Scott A., Alexander P. Wolkow, Steven W. Lockley, Conor S. O'Brien, Salim Qadri, Jason P. Sullivan, Charles A. Czeisler, Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam, and Laura K. Barger. "Associations between shift work characteristics, shift work schedules, sleep and burnout in North American police officers: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030302.

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ObjectivesTo examine associations between shift work characteristics and schedules on burnout in police and whether sleep duration and sleepiness were associated with burnout.MethodsPolice officers (n=3140) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) and self-reported shift schedules (irregular, rotating, fixed), shift characteristics (night, duration, frequency, work hours), sleep duration and sleepiness.ResultsIrregular schedules, long shifts (≥11 hours), mandatory overtime, short sleep and sleepiness were associated with increased risk of overall burnout in police. Police working a greater frequency of long shifts were more likely to have emotional exhaustion (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.72) than those not working long shifts. Night shifts were associated with depersonalisation (1.32, 1.05 to 1.66) compared with not working nights. Police working mandatory overtime had increased risk of emotional exhaustion (1.37, 1.14 to 1.65) than those who did not. Compared with fixed schedules, irregular schedules were associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation (1.91, 1.44 to 2.54 and 1.39, 1.02 to 1.89, respectively). Police sleeping <6 hours were more likely to have emotional exhaustion (1.60, 1.33 to 1.93) than those sleeping longer, and excessive sleepiness was associated with emotional exhaustion (1.81, 1.50 to 2.18).ConclusionsIrregular schedules and increased night shifts, sleep disturbances and work hours were related to higher burnout risk in police. Future research should evaluate work schedules in law enforcement that optimise shift duration and frequency, and increase consistency in scheduling and control over work hours to limit burnout in police.

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Turner, M. C. "Shift work and cancer." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-838-839.

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Circadian disruption and night-shift work have been associated with a range of acute and chronic health effects including cardiometabolic diseases, obesity, as well as breast and prostate cancer. Circadian disruption may also affect the health of the general population because of widespread mistimed lifestyle practices including mistimed eating and sleep patterns and increasing exposure to light-at-night and particularly blue light spectrum through the use of e-readers, LEDs and smartphones. New epidemiological evidence on the effects of circadian disruption and light-at-night in workers and the general population will be presented, and mechanisms of disease and potential preventive measures discussed.

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Gustavsson, Per, Carolina Bigert, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Mikko Härmä, Annika Lindahl-Norberg, Tomas Andersson, Annika Gustavsson, and Maria Albin. "O4E.3 Utility of routinely recorded data on working hours for an epidemiological cohort study of 60,000 swedish health care employees." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A40.1—A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.108.

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Night and shift work is common in industry and service that must be functional 24 hour. Night work disrupts the circadian rhythm, and is potentially linked to an excess of cancer (especially breast cancer), cardiovascular disease, pregnancy complications, as well as to psychical effects. Large studies with detailed and objectively collected data on working hours are needed to confirm causal associations and develop practical advice on how shift schedules should be planned in order to minimize negative health effects.Stockholm County Council employs a high number of health care workers of which many are working in shifts. We have formed a cohort of those employed from 2008 to 2016, 45 000 women and 15 000 men. The computerized employment register holds individual records on working hours day by day in retrospect since 2008, and information on night work since year 2000. Information on cancer incidence, hospital discharge diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, pregnancy outcome, and causes of sick-leave have been obtained from national central registers.There were typically three work shifts: morning shifts (07–15), afternoon shifts (14–21), and night shifts (21–07). Non shift-workers typically worked (08–17). So far, we have investigated work shift patterns for those with a high percentage of night work: nurses, assistant nurses and midwives. Among these, 22% worked at least one night per month, and 15% worked at least 5 nights per month in 2009, which increased slightly to 23% and 16% respectively in 2016. It was common to work several nights in a row: in 2009 13.8% worked at least 3 consecutive nights or more per month, which increased to 15.5% in 2016. Only 0.6% worked 5 consecutive nights or more per month.Analyses of cancer, pregnancy outcome, cardiovascular disease and psychical outcomes are planned for 2019.

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Koh, Dong-Hee, Ju-Hyun Park, Seo-Hyun Yoon, and Hyun-Joo Kim. "O4A.4 The relationship between shift work and sleep disturbance in hospital workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.88.

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IntroductionMany hospital workers suffer from sleep disturbance due to shift work. The best way to mitigate the problem would be reducing night shift. However, that is commonly impossible in reality. Thus, we aimed to examine the factors associated with sleep disturbance and suggest better-rotating schedules for hospital workers.MethodsWe used sleep questionnaires asking sleep disturbance including sleep onset and maintenance problems for measuring health outcomes. Also, We obtained a duty schedule of the workers for assessing exposure. We examined the effect of the pattern of shift schedule and amount of night shifts on sleep disturbance.ResultsA total of 590 workers participated in this study. Female (95%) 3-rotating shift (92%) workers dominated. For workshift pattern, two consecutive night shifts increased the risk of sleep maintenance problem significantly. For the amount of night shift, two or more night shifts per week increased the risk of sleep onset problem significantly.ConclusionOur results suggest that avoding consecutive night shifts and restricting night shift to one time per week would be helpful to prevent sleep disturbance in hospital workers.

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Anvekar, Ajay P., Elizabeth A. Nathan, Dorota A. Doherty, and Sanjay K. Patole. "Effect of shift work on fatigue and sleep in neonatal registrars." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245428.

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Objective We aimed to study fatigue and sleep in registrars working 12-hour rotating shifts in our tertiary neonatal intensive unit. Methods and participants This study involved neonatal registrar’s working day (08:00–21:00) and night (20:30–08:30) shifts. Participants maintained a sleep diary, answered a self-reported sleepiness questionnaire assessing subjective sleepiness, and performed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start and end of each shift. Primary outcomes: (1) Fatigue at the (i) “start vs end” of day and night shifts, (ii) end of the “day vs night” shifts, and (iii) end of “first vs last shift” in block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration and quality of sleep before the “day vs night” shifts. Mean reaction time (RTM), relative coefficient of variation (RTCV), and lapses (reaction time > 500ms) were used as measures of fatigue on PVT. Secondary outcome: Subjective sleepiness (self-reported sleepiness questionnaire) at the ‘start vs end” of day and night shifts. Results Fifteen registrars completed the study. Acuity was comparable for all shifts. (1) Psychomotor responses were impaired at the end vs start of day shifts [RTM (p = 0.014), lapses (p = 0.001)], end vs start of night shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.003), lapses (p<0.001)] and end of night vs day shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.046), lapses (p = 0.001)]. Only lapses were significantly increased at the end of the last (p = 0.013) vs first shift (p = 0.009) in a block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration of sleep before the night (p = 0.019) and consecutive night shifts was decreased significantly (p = 0.034). Subjective sleepiness worsened after day (p = 0.014) and night shifts (p<0.001). Conclusion Fatigue worsened after the 12-hour day and night shifts with a greater change after night shifts. Lapses increased after block of day and night shifts. Sleep was decreased before night shifts. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

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Maidstone, Robert J., James Turner, Celine Vetter, Hassan S. Dashti, Richa Saxena, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Steven A. Shea, et al. "Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma." Thorax 76, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215218.

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IntroductionShift work causes misalignment between internal circadian time and the external light/dark cycle and is associated with metabolic disorders and cancer. Approximately 20% of the working population in industrialised countries work permanent or rotating night shifts, exposing this large population to the risk of circadian misalignment-driven disease. Analysis of the impact of shift work on chronic inflammatory diseases is lacking. We investigated the association between shift work and asthma.MethodsWe describe the cross-sectional relationship between shift work and prevalent asthma in >280000 UK Biobank participants, making adjustments for major confounding factors (smoking history, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index). We also investigated chronotype.ResultsCompared with day workers, ‘permanent’ night shift workers had a higher likelihood of moderate-severe asthma (OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.8)) and all asthma (OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.46)). Individuals doing any type of shift work had higher adjusted odds of wheeze/whistling in the chest. Shift workers who never or rarely worked on nights and people working permanent nights had a higher adjusted likelihood of having reduced lung function (FEV1 <80% predicted). We found an increase in the risk of moderate-severe asthma in morning chronotypes working irregular shifts, including nights (OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.27)).ConclusionsThe public health implications of these findings are far-reaching due to the high prevalence and co-occurrence of both asthma and shift work. Future longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to determine if modifying shift work schedules to take into account chronotype might present a public health measure to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory diseases such as asthma.

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Healy, Pat. "Night shift work linked to depression." Nursing Standard 11, no. 15 (December 18, 1996): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.11.15.7.s9.

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Vicente-Herrero, María Teófila, José Ignacio Torres Alberich, Luisa Capdevila García, Jose Ignacio Gómez, María Victoria Ramírez Iñiguez de la Torre, María Jesús Terradillos García, Jose Alberto Garrido, Ángel Arturo López-González, Lucila Morató Moscardó, and Valentín Esteban Buedo. "Night shift work and occupational health." Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine 42, no. 4 (October 2016): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2016.11.001.

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Burki, Talha Khan. "Night shift work and breast cancer." Lancet Oncology 20, no. 7 (July 2019): e352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30383-3.

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Zhang, Yin, and Kyriaki Papantoniou. "Night shift work and its carcinogenicity." Lancet Oncology 20, no. 10 (October 2019): e550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30578-9.

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Mink, Walter D. "Interesting Work on the Night Shift." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 11 (November 1991): 955–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030356.

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TAKAHASHI, Masaya, and Shigeki KODA. "From “shift work that involves circadian disruption” to “night shift work”." Industrial Health 57, no. 5 (2019): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.57_500.

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Schwingl, Pamela, Suril Mehta, and Ruth Lunn. "O8A.2 Breast cancer and persistent night shift work starting at an early age that causes circadian disruption." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A70.1—A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.188.

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Over 10 million U.S. adults and ∼15%–20% worldwide work night shifts. Shift work, a complex exposure scenario, can cause circadian disruption (CD) and possible adverse health effects such as breast cancer. Although there have been a plethora of meta-analysis on shift work and breast cancer, these are not very informative because of inconsistent definition of shift work across studies.The U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review (SR) to determine whether night shift work should be listed in the Report on Carcinogens (RoC). The SR included a review of cancer epidemiology studies and mechanistic studies of CD and cancer. NTP developed a protocol, based on scientific input gathered during a public workshop, which identified key issues for conducting the SR: definition of surrogates of night work related to CD, inclusion of multiple metrics of night work, information on early age at exposure when breast tissue is most susceptible, cancer subtypes, effect modifiers and confounders, and cohort truncation. Up to three reviewers evaluated the potential for bias and study sensitivity of each of the 26 cohort and case-control studies considered in the assessment, with five excluded due to exposure assessment concerns. To reach an overall conclusion, findings were integrated across studies, considering factors listed above and confidence in the evidence from each study.11 of 13 most informative studies and 6 of 8 less informative night shift work studies found increased risks of breast cancer related to night shift work. Excess risks were found mainly among women working frequent nights for long durations starting at an early age (e.g., persistent night shift work). Mechanistic data provided evidence that night shift work causes CD, which plays a major role in its carcinogenicity.In conclusion, NTP recommends that persistent night shift work that causes CD be listed in the RoC.

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Silva-Costa, Aline, Rosane Härter Griep, and Lúcia Rotenberg. "Night work and BMI: is it related to on-shift napping?" Revista de Saúde Pública 51 (November 24, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007094.

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On-shift napping can benefit night workers regarding sleep loss, synchronization of circadian rhythms, and alertness. However, few studies on napping can be found in the literature focused on possible health benefits. This cross-sectional study has investigated the role of on-shift napping on the association between night work and BMI in 409 night-shift nursing professionals. The number of working nights and the years of exposure to night work were significantly associated with increased BMI levels among non-nappers, but not among nappers. Results suggest a benefit of napping for weight gain, thus subsidizing occupational health policies on the regulation of on-shift napping among nursing workers.

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Rotter, Markus, Stefan Brandmaier, Marcela Covic, Katarzyna Burek, Johannes Hertel, Martina Troll, Erik Bader, et al. "Night Shift Work Affects Urine Metabolite Profiles of Nurses with Early Chronotype." Metabolites 8, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo8030045.

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Night shift work can have a serious impact on health. Here, we assess whether and how night shift work influences the metabolite profiles, specifically with respect to different chronotype classes. We have recruited 100 women including 68 nurses working both, day shift and night shifts for up to 5 consecutive days and collected 3640 spontaneous urine samples. About 424 waking-up urine samples were measured using a targeted metabolomics approach. To account for urine dilution, we applied three methods to normalize the metabolite values: creatinine-, osmolality- and regression-based normalization. Based on linear mixed effect models, we found 31 metabolites significantly (false discovery rate <0.05) affected in nurses working in night shifts. One metabolite, acylcarnitine C10:2, was consistently identified with all three normalization methods. We further observed 11 and 4 metabolites significantly associated with night shift in early and late chronotype classes, respectively. Increased levels of medium- and long chain acylcarnitines indicate a strong impairment of the fatty acid oxidation. Our results show that night shift work influences acylcarnitines and BCAAs, particularly in nurses in the early chronotype class. Women with intermediate and late chronotypes appear to be less affected by night shift work.

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Stock, D., J. A. Knight, J. Raboud, M. Cotterchio, S. Strohmaier, W. Willett, A. H. Eliassen, B. Rosner, S. E. Hankinson, and E. Schernhammer. "Rotating night shift work and menopausal age." Human Reproduction 34, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey390.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How are rotating night shift schedules associated with age at menopause among a large, national cohort of shift working nurses? SUMMARY ANSWER Our findings suggest that working rotating night shifts with sufficient frequency may modestly accelerate reproductive senescence among women who may already be predisposed to earlier menopause. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Younger age at menopause has been associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly those linked to reproduction. Night work has been associated with reproductive dysfunction, including disruption of menstrual cycle patterns. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cohort study was conducted among 80 840 women of the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (NHS2), with prospective follow-up from 1991 through 2013. Loss-to-follow-up of the NHS2 is estimated to be <10%. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We assessed the association between cumulative and current rotating night shift work and age at natural menopause over 22 years of follow-up (1991–2013). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for menopause, adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Over follow-up, 27 456 women (34%) reached natural menopause. Women who worked 20 or more months of rotating night shifts in the prior 2-year had an increased risk of earlier menopause (multivariable-adjusted (MV)-HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16) compared to women without rotating night shift work. This risk was stronger among women undergoing menopause or otherwise censored under age 45 years (MV-HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.46), than it was for those continuing in the study when >45 years old (MV-HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.13). Working 10 or more years of cumulative rotating night work was also associated with higher risk of menopause among women reaching menopause under age 45 (MV-HR10–19 years = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.44; MV-HR≥20 years = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.90–3.35), though not over the age of 45 years (MV-HR10–19 years = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99–1.10; MV-HR≥20 years = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.89–1.15). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The degree to which observed effects of rotating night shifts on age at natural menopause are due to circadian disruption, rather than fatigue and stress associated with working more demanding schedules, is uncertain due to potential residual confounding by these factors. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to assess the effects of night work on menopausal timing among a larger national cohort of shift working women. Women already prone to earlier menopause may further truncate their reproductive lifetime by working schedules comprising day as well as night shifts. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(s) This study was supported by Center for Disease Control and Prevention/The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Grant 5R01OH009803 (PI: Schernhammer E), as well as UM1 CA176726 from the National Institute of Health. The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the article; and decision to submit the article for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Gehlert, Sarah, and Mark Clanton. "Shift Work and Breast Cancer." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 9544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249544.

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The rates of shift work outside of daylight hours have increased in recent years, and nighttime shift work is now considered a potential carcinogenic occupational exposure. Light at night exposure, lower melatonin production, and the production of stress-related mediators disrupt normal sleep–wake cycles. Women who work lower-wage jobs and part-time workers whose shifts are determined entirely by their supervisors (rotating shifts) may be subject to stress related to efforts to align childcare and other needs with the unpredictable nature of rotating shift work. The causal link between breast cancer and the sleep cycle or circadian disruption are yet to be established; however, disruption of the circadian cycles by light at night exposure or chronic exposure to stress-related mediators have all been linked to the increased risk of breast cancer. We review the existing literature on shift work and breast cancer, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions for research.

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Brajović, Zorica, Milka Bogdanović, Branka Šuštran, Mirjana Milanović-Čabarkapa, and Vesna Bogdanović. "Effects on health of shift and night shift work." Zdravstvena zastita 36, no. 1 (2007): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz0703043b.

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Razavi, Pedram, and Eva S. Schernhammer. "Differential effects of light at night and shift rotation pattern on the circadian system in night workers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1556.

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1556 Background: Light at night as in shift work suppresses nocturnal secretion of melatonin, a pineal hormone with oncostatic properties. Several studies have associated night shift work with higher risk of cancer, leading WHO in 2007 to classify rotating night shift work as “probably carcinogenic”. We conducted one of the most comprehensive studies, to date, to evaluate the effects of light and night shift work on melatonin measurements in the field. Methods: Study participants were 130 active nurses (84 current rotating night shift workers and 46 day shift workers) participating in NHS2. Each nurse wore a head-mounted light- and accelerometer for a 3-day study period, during which each spontaneous urine was collected for repeated urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (melatonin) measurements. In addition, nurses were asked to fill out paper questionnaires and diaries. We used mixed models to evaluate the influence of light, activity and night shift work on urinary melatonin level adjusting, for age, lifestyle, and occupational history. We log-transformed main variables and report geometric means (GM [standard deviation]). Results: Greater levels of light were associated with lower melatonin (P < 0.0001), independent of activity level. An increase in light intensity from 10 to 100 lux was associated with a 12% decrease in geometric mean of melatonin level; however, this inverse association was only significant at night (Ptrend = 0.01). At night, each hour increase in exposure to ≥ 20 lux light lowered melatonin level by 5.7% (Ptrend < 0.0001). A single night shift affected the circadian system by lowering melatonin peak by 22% (day shift: GM = 17.57 [2.73]; night shift: GM = 13.64 [2.54]) and induced a phase shift (PS) of 0.9 hours, -changes that reset to normal by the next day. Two consecutive night shifts had a similar effect as a single shift. However, the effect was worse after three consecutive night shifts (GM = 10.11 [2.77]; PS = 2.2 hours). Conclusions: We found significant inverse associations of intensity and duration of exposure to light at night with urinary melatonin, independent of activity level. Three consecutive night shifts affected the circadian system more strongly than two consecutive, or a single night shift.

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Leso, Veruscka, Ilaria Vetrani, Alessandra Sicignano, Rosaria Romano, and Ivo Iavicoli. "The Impact of Shift-Work and Night Shift-Work on Thyroid: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051527.

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Thyroid hormones are regulated by the pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), whose secretion presents a circadian rhythmicity. Indeed, it is conceivable that shift- and night shift-work, affecting sleep-wake rhythms, may impact thyroid functionality. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to provide an overview on the association between shift- and night shift-work and thyroid hormonal changes and disease development. A systematic review of studies available in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases was performed. A positive association between night shift-work and increased TSH concentrations was reported by most of the reviewed investigations. Inconclusive evidence was available on thyroid diseases. However, the limited number of studies, the noticeable heterogeneity in the shift-work scheduling, in terms of amount, duration, type of shift- or night shift-work, prevents easily integrating findings and extrapolating definite conclusions. Further investigation seems necessary to better define the relationship between shift schedules and different thyroid outcomes, and possible long-term implications of early functional changes. Overall, this may support the adoption of advanced risk assessment and management strategies aimed to achieve a safer workplace organization and a timely, responsible realization of all the benefits of a 24-h economy.

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Papantoniou, Kyriaki, Jennifer Massa, Elizabeth Devore, Kassandra L. Munger, Tanuja Chitnis, Alberto Ascherio, and Eva S. Schernhammer. "Rotating night shift work and risk of multiple sclerosis in the Nurses’ Health Studies." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 10 (August 12, 2019): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106016.

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ObjectivesNight shift work has been suggested as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present analysis was to prospectively evaluate the association of rotating night shift work history and MS risk in two female cohorts, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII.MethodsA total of 83 992 (NHS) and 114 427 (NHSII) women were included in this analysis. We documented 579 (109 in NHS and 470 in NHSII) incident physician-confirmed MS cases (moderate and definite diagnosis), including 407 definite MS cases. The history (cumulative years) of rotating night shifts (≥3 nights/month) was assessed at baseline and updated throughout follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between rotating night shift work and MS risk adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe observed no association between history of rotating night shift work and MS risk in NHS (1–9 years: HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.54; 10+ years: 1.15, 0.62 to 2.15) and NHSII (1–9 years: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.09; 10+ years: 1.03, 0.72 to 1.49). In NHSII, rotating night shift work history of 20+ years was significantly associated with MS risk, when restricting to definite MS cases (1–9 years: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.11; 10–19 years: 0.98, 0.62 to 1.55; 20+ years: 2.62, 1.06 to 6.46).ConclusionsOverall, we found no association between rotating night shift work history and MS risk in these two large cohorts of nurses. In NHSII, shift work history of 20 or more years was associated with an increased risk of definite MS diagnosis.

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Rodriguez, Katherine M., Taylor P. Kohn, Jaden R. Kohn, John T. Sigalos, E. Will Kirby, Stephen M. Pickett, Alexander W. Pastuszak, and Larry I. Lipshultz. "Shift Work Sleep Disorder and Night Shift Work Significantly Impair Erectile Function." Journal of Sexual Medicine 17, no. 9 (September 2020): 1687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.009.

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Ferguson, Jacqueline, Holly Elser, Sadie Costello, Mark Cullen, and Ellen Eisen. "O4A.2 Joint effects of night work and shift rotation on treated depression in a longitudinal cohort of manufacturing workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A32.2—A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.86.

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Past research consistently identifies shift work – a type of scheduled work that includes both night work and schedule rotations – as risk factor for depression. However, relatively few studies have examined whether people working more nights or rotations are more likely to seek treatment for depression.A total of 5848 workers across 33 plants in the American Manufacturing Cohort (AMC) were followed 2003–2013. The first observed episode of treated depression was defined from insurance claims as two depression-related outpatient visits or two prescribed antidepressants within 365 days. Using detailed timeclock data, night work (≥3 hours between 23:00 and 6:00) was defined as the percent of shifts that included a night shift and was categorized into non-night work 0%; low >0%–30%; medium >30%–70%; and high 70%–100%. Shift rotations (≥6 hours between subsequent shift start times), were similarly defined and classified as none 0%, infrequent <10%, and frequent rotations≥10%. We examined the joint effects of night work and shift rotation on the time to first episode of treated depression using Cox proportional hazards regression.Shift workers were more likely to be treated for depression compared with non-rotating, non-night workers. Workers with medium exposure to night work had the highest association with treated depression compared with permanent non-night workers, and the joint effects were similar between those with frequent rotations (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.00–2.67) and infrequent rotations (1.53, 0.99–2.37). Associations were slightly elevated among permanent night workers (1.27, 0.72–2.25) and workers with high exposure to night work regardless of rotations (1.36, 0.86–2.17).Recent shift work exposure may be associated with higher rates of treated depression, and night work, rather than rotation, may be driving the association. However, there may be selection out of night work due to underlying depression and we were unable to differentiate new-onset from preexisting disease.

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Trent, Colene, and Walter J. Mayer. "Working the Night Shift: The Impact of Compensating Wages and Local Economic Conditions on Shift Choice." Economics Research International 2014 (October 9, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/632506.

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The theory of compensating differentials asserts that night shift workers should receive compensating wage differentials due to undesirable work conditions. In weak local economies, workers may have difficulty finding jobs; thus, these workers might be more likely to accept night shift work and be less concerned with the size of the compensating differential for night shifts. Using CPS data from 2001, this paper employs maximum likelihood estimation of an endogenous switching regression model to analyze wages of day and night shift workers and shift choice. The findings indicate the presence of selection bias, thus emphasizing the importance of correcting for self-selection into night shifts. The average of the estimated wage differentials for night shift work is negative for the overall sample, with differentials varying by worker characteristics. The shift differential is found to be a statistically significant predictor of shift choice, indicating that shift premiums play an important role in motivating individuals to select night shift work. Using two measures of local economic conditions and a new method of analyzing interaction effects in the context of an endogenous switching regression model, this paper finds limited evidence that weak local economic conditions lessen the impact of compensating differentials on shift choice.

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Merkulov, Yu A., A. A. Pyatkov, S. G. Gorokhova, D. M. Merkulova, and O. Yu Atkov. "Disturbances of Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular System at Different Working Regimes with Night Shifts." Kardiologiia 60, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2020.9.n1134.

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Aim To study temporal and spectral characteristics of heart rhythm variability (HRV) in night shift workers.Materials and methods Along with traditional risk factors, conditions of labor contribute to development of cardiovascular morbidity, including night shift work, which can be associated with disorders of the autonomic regulation detected by analysis of HRV. This study included 100 healthy men. 74 of them were engaged in shift work, including 53 men with rotating shift work, 21 men with fixed night shifts, and 26 men with day-time work. HRV was analyzed by data of 5-min electrocardiogram recording (background recording and orthostatic test).Results Night-shift workers had decreases in total power of regulation (ТР, SDNN) and in the parasympathetic branch (HF, pNN50). Rotating night-shift workers displayed significant decreases in SDNN and pNN50 and pronounced changes in the VLF / LF / HF ratio in the orthostatic test.Conclusion In work with night shifts, the type of autonomic regulation differs from the “standard” functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study showed different effects of night work regimens on HRV indexes. With the rotating shift work, the ANS dysregulation was more profound and was evident by a significant decrease in the ANS total tone and parasympathetic activity (SDNN, pNN50) compared to night shifts with fixed working hours. The excessive weakening of the parasympathetic component in the passive orthostatic test can be considered as an early marker for ANS maladaptation.

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Szkiela, Marta, Ewa Kusideł, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, and Dorota Kaleta. "How the Intensity of Night Shift Work Affects Breast Cancer Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094570.

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Background—In 2019, the IARC concluded that “night shift work is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), based on limited evidence from human epidemiological studies and sufficient evidence of cancer and strong mechanistic evidence in experimental Animals.” The negative health consequences of night shift work may depend on how the night shifts are scheduled. The aim of this study was to investigate how the characteristics of night work affect the risk of developing breast cancer. Methods—A case–control study was conducted in 2015–2019 in the Lodz region. The case group included 494 women with breast cancer, while the control group included 515 healthy women. Results—Night work was found to be the third most important factor regarding breast cancer after a high BMI and a short or no breastfeeding period and before factors such as early menstruation, late menopause, no pregnancy, and smoking. The harmful effects of night work were influenced by its intensity, frequency, rotation, and the number of night shift years worked. Night work increases the breast cancer risk by 2.34 times, and high-intensity night work increases the breast cancer risk by 2.66 times. Conclusions—Appropriate ergonomic recommendations for night shift work for employers should be considered.

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Horowitz, Todd S., Brian E. Cade, Jeremy M. Wolfe, and Charles A. Czeisler. "Efficacy of bright light and sleep/darkness scheduling in alleviating circadian maladaptation to night work." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): E384—E391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e384.

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We tested the hypothesis that circadian adaptation to night work is best achieved by combining bright light during the night shift and scheduled sleep in darkness. Fifty-four subjects participated in a shift work simulation of 4 day and 3 night shifts followed by a 38-h constant routine (CR). Subjects received 2,500 lux ( Bright Light) or 150 lux ( Room Light) during night shifts and were scheduled to sleep (at home in darkened bedrooms) from 0800 to 1600 ( Fixed Sleep) or ad libitum ( Free Sleep). Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured before and after the night shifts. Both Fixed Sleepand Bright Light conditions significantly phase delayed DLMO. Treatments combined additively, with light leading to larger phase shifts. Free Sleep subjects who spontaneously adopted consistent sleep schedules adapted better than those who did not. Neither properly timed bright light nor fixed sleep schedules were consistently sufficient to shift the melatonin rhythm completely into the sleep episode. Scheduling of sleep/darkness should play a major role in prescriptions for overcoming shift work-related phase misalignment.

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Prasetya, Fikki, Amalya Febriyani Siji, and Al Asyary Al Asyary. "Fatigue Through Sleep Time On Night Service Nurses At Kendari City Hospital." Al-Sihah: The Public Health Science Journal 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/al-sihah.v13i1.21538.

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Sleep time is the sleep time needed by nurses as a fulfillment before doing the night shift and sleeping time during the night shift to optimize work productivity to minimize work fatigue. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' slept time before and during shifts, slept debt, and shift rotation with fatigue on night shift nurses in the Critical Room of the Kendari City General Hospital in 2020. An analytical survey was conducted with a cross-sectional study. The results showed that there was no relationship between sleep time before the night shift and work fatigue on the night watch nurse (p-value = 0.309), in contrast to sleep time during the night shift, it was found that there was a relationship with work fatigue on the night watch nurse (p-value = 0.003 ). It is recommended that hospital management make standard operating procedures that aim to regulate nurses' sleep time during the night shift to meet their needs and reduce fatigue levels.

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Pepłońska, Beata, Weronika Burdelak, Jolanta Krysicka, Agnieszka Bukowska, Andrzej Marcinkiewicz, Wojciech Sobala, Dorota Klimecka-Muszyńska, and Marcin Rybacki. "Night shift work and modifiable lifestyle factors." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 27, no. 5 (September 12, 2014): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13382-014-0298-0.

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Pieh, C., R. Jank, C. Waiß, C. Pfeifer, T. Probst, C. Lahmann, and S. Oberndorfer. "Night-shift work increases cold pain perception." Sleep Medicine 64 (December 2019): S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.843.

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Pieh, Christoph, Robert Jank, Christoph Waiß, Christian Pfeifer, Thomas Probst, Claas Lahmann, and Stefan Oberndorfer. "Night-shift work increases cold pain perception." Sleep Medicine 45 (May 2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.014.

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CERVINKA, RENATE. "Night shift dose and stress at work." Ergonomics 36, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139308967867.

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Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, and Ulf Landström. "Work place countermeasures of night shift fatigue." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 21, no. 3-4 (March 1998): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8141(97)00045-0.

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Quiñones, Ana C., and Jacob Thompson. "Characteristics of Illinois night shift work pharmacists." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 5, no. 1 (March 2009): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2008.05.004.

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Bell, David S. H. "Night Shift Work and the Diabetic Patient." Endocrinologist 5, no. 5 (September 1995): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199509000-00006.

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Peplonska, Beata, Agnieszka Bukowska, Wojciech Sobala, Edyta Reszka, Jolanta Gromadzinska, Wojciech Wasowicz, Jenny Anne Lie, Helge Kjuus, and Giske Ursin. "Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 21, no. 7 (April 26, 2012): 1028–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0005.

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Bhatti, Parveen, Dana K. Mirick, Timothy W. Randolph, Jicheng Gong, Diana Taibi Buchanan, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, and Scott Davis. "Oxidative DNA damage during night shift work." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 74, no. 9 (June 26, 2017): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104414.

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Lozano-Lorca, Macarena, Rocío Olmedo-Requena, María-Victoria Vega-Galindo, Fernando Vázquez-Alonso, Antonio Jiménez-Pacheco, Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido, María-José Sánchez, and José-Juan Jiménez-Moleón. "Night Shift Work, Chronotype, Sleep Duration, and Prostate Cancer Risk: CAPLIFE Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176300.

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To analyze the association between prostate cancer (PCa) risk and night shift work, chronotype, and sleep duration in the context of a population-based case-control study of incident prostate cancer in Spain, a total of 465 PCa cases and 410 controls were analyzed. Selection criteria were: (i) age 40–80 years, and (ii) residence in the coverage area of the reference hospitals for ≥6 months before recruitment. Exposure variables were: (i) night shift work (permanent or rotating); (ii) chronotype: morning, neither, or evening (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire) and (iii) sleep duration according to the recommendations of the American National Sleep Foundation. PCa aggressiveness was determined according to the International Society of Urology Pathology classification. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Night shift work was associated with PCa, aOR = 1.47 (95% CI 1.02–2.11), especially for rotating night shifts, aOR = 1.73 (95% CI 1.09–2.75). The magnitude of the association between ever night work and PCa was higher in evening subjects with aOR = 3.14 (95% CI 0.91–10.76) than in morning chronotypes with an aOR = 1.25 (95% CI 0.78–2.00). Working night shifts, especially rotating night shifts, could increase PCa risk. This risk may be higher in people with an evening chronotype.

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Costedoat, Gregory, and Dan Nathan-Roberts. "The Effects of Night Work on Nurses and an Analysis of Countermeasures." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601299.

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Nurses are expected to work a variety of different shifts throughout their careers, including traditional day shifts, night shifts, and swing shifts. Research suggests that night shifts can have potentially adverse effects on a worker’s perceptual and motor capacities, circadian rhythm, and ability to function the following day. Due to the critical role that nurses play in the health care delivery system, it is worth exploring options that serve to mitigate the aforementioned consequences associated with working at night. A number of potential countermeasures are explored, including slow shift rotations, naps, melatonin supplements, and caffeine. It is concluded that implementing slow rotating shifts and allowing time for a nap during the first night shift of a new rotation could have the largest impact on maximizing worker and patient safety.

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Lee, Michael L., Mark E. Howard, William J. Horrey, Yulan Liang, Clare Anderson, Michael S. Shreeve, Conor S. O’Brien, and Charles A. Czeisler. "High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510383112.

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Night-shift workers are at high risk of drowsiness-related motor vehicle crashes as a result of circadian disruption and sleep restriction. However, the impact of actual night-shift work on measures of drowsiness and driving performance while operating a real motor vehicle remains unknown. Sixteen night-shift workers completed two 2-h daytime driving sessions on a closed driving track at the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety: (i) a postsleep baseline driving session after an average of 7.6 ± 2.4 h sleep the previous night with no night-shift work, and (ii) a postnight-shift driving session following night-shift work. Physiological measures of drowsiness were collected, including infrared reflectance oculography, electroencephalography, and electrooculography. Driving performance measures included lane excursions, near-crash events, and drives terminated because of failure to maintain control of the vehicle. Eleven near-crashes occurred in 6 of 16 postnight-shift drives (37.5%), and 7 of 16 postnight-shift drives (43.8%) were terminated early for safety reasons, compared with zero near-crashes or early drive terminations during 16 postsleep drives (Fishers exact:P= 0.0088 andP= 0.0034, respectively). Participants had a significantly higher rate of lane excursions, average Johns Drowsiness Scale, blink duration, and number of slow eye movements during postnight-shift drives compared with postsleep drives (3.09/min vs. 1.49/min; 1.71 vs. 0.97; 125 ms vs. 100 ms; 35.8 vs. 19.1; respectively,P< 0.05 for all). Night-shift work increases driver drowsiness, degrading driving performance and increasing the risk of near-crash drive events. With more than 9.5 million Americans working overnight or rotating shifts and one-third of United States commutes exceeding 30 min, these results have implications for traffic and occupational safety.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shift and night work'

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