Journal articles: 'Shielding'

1

Duc, H. B., T. P. Minh, D. B. Minh, N. P. Hoai, and V. D. Quoc. "An Investigation of Magnetic Field Influence in Underground High Voltage Cable Shields." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 4 (August 7, 2022): 8831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5021.

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Magnetic fields and the shielding efficiency of the shields of underground high voltage cables are studied in this paper regarding several shielding configurations and materials. Shielding efficiency and magnetic fields are computed for shields with the same mesh but from different shielding materials, such as aluminum, ferrite, metal, and steel. In order to get the best shield configuration depending on the source characteristics and the material, a conducting ferromagnetic region with various thickness values is considered as shielding. A finite element model is introduced to investigate the influence of the parameters of magnetic fields and the shielding efficiency of underground high voltage cables. Furthermore, the reduction of the magnetic fields with or without shieldings is also presented. The developed method is performed with the magnetic vector potential formulations and validated on a practical problem.

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2

Maekawa, Fujio. "Shielding." hamon 28, no. 4 (November 10, 2018): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5611/hamon.28.4_208.

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Zuschneid, Thomas, Holger Fischer, Thomas Handel, Klaus Albert, and Günter Häfelinger. "Experimental Gas Phase 1H NMR Spectra and Basis Set Dependence of ab initio GIAOMO Calculations of 1H and 13C NMR Absolute Shieldings and Chemical Shifts of Small Hydrocarbons." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-1012.

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AbstractHigh-resolution gas phase measurements of 1H NMR spectra at 400 MHz and atmospheric pressure of seven small hydrocarbons are presented. The developed new method and the experimental set-up are described. Ab initio GIAO MO calculations of 1H and 13C NMR absolute shieldings on the HF, MP2 and B3LYP levels using 25 standard gaussian basis sets are reported for these hydrocarbons, based on experimental re distances. The measured gas phase 1H chemical shifts have been converted to an absolute σ0 shielding scale by use of the literature shielding of methane. These and gas phase 13C literature values have been transferred with literature ZPV data to estimated σeexp shieldings which are used to evaluate the basis set dependence of the calculated σe shieldings utilizing linear least squares regressions. Exponential extrapolations of Dunning basis set calculations allow the determination of basis set limits for 1H and 13C shieldings. 1H and 13C chemical shifts have been derived from the HF calculated shieldings with shieldings of TMS which has been geometry optimized and GIAO calculated in each basis. Standard deviations (esd) as low as 0.09 ppm for 1H and 0.76 ppm for 13C calculations have been obtained.The statistically best basis set for simultaneous calculation of 1H and 13C absolute shieldings or relative shifts is 6-311G* within the HF and B3LYP methods. Aiming for highest accuracy and precision, 1H and 13C have to be treated separately. In this case, best results are obtained using MP2/6-311G** or higher for 1H shieldings and MP2/cc-pVTZ for 13C shieldings.

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Hansen, C., A. B. Reimann, and J. Fajans. "Dynamic and Debye shielding and anti‐shielding." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 5 (May 1996): 1820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871685.

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5

Sasaki, H., T. Shiraishi, and A. Kawanishi. "Magnetic shielding and minimization of shielding material." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, no. 4 (July 1994): 2523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.305791.

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6

Hong, Se-Hee, Jin-Seok Choi, Tian-Feng Yuan, and Young-Soo Yoon. "Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Steel Fibers." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 6505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216505.

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There is increased interest in applying electromagnetic (EM) shielding to prevent EM interference, which destroys electronic circuits. The EM shielding’s performance is closely related to the electrical conductivity and can be improved by incorporating conductive materials. The weight of a structure can be reduced by incorporating lightweight aggregates and replacing the steel rebars with CFRP rebars. In this study, the effects of lightweight coarse aggregate and CFRP rebars on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of concrete were investigated, considering the steel fibers’ incorporation. The lightweight coarse aggregates decreased the density and strength of concrete and increased the electrical conductivity of the concrete, owing to its metallic contents. The steel fibers further increased the electrical conductivity of the lightweight aggregate concrete. These components improved the EM shielding performance, and the steel fibers showed the best performance by increasing shielding effectiveness by at least 23 dB. The CFRP rebars behaved similarly to steel rebars because of their carbon fiber content. When no steel fiber was mixed, the shielding effectiveness increased by approximately 2.8 times with reduced spacing of CFRP rebars. This study demonstrates that lightweight aggregate concrete reinforced with steel fibers exhibits superior mechanical and electrical characteristics for concrete and construction industries.

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Mei, Nan, Xiao Yu Wang, Xin Wang, Hua Fang Li, Min Hong Wei, Jin Liu, and Song Shi. "Research on Shielding Effectiveness Calculation Method of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials." Solid State Phenomena 304 (May 2020): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.304.137.

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Electromagnetic shielding materials are widely used in engineering. Shielding effectiveness is an important index to measure the shielding effect of electromagnetic shielding materials. A method for calculating the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding materials is discussed in this paper. This method applies the small reflection theory in transmission line theory. Two kinds of materials are selected as samples. Firstly, the shielding performance is calculated by calculation. Then, shielding performance was measured using a network analyzer and coaxial devices. By comparing the above two results, the feasibility of this method is verified. By using this method, the shielding performance with acceptable accuracy can be obtained when the electromagnetic parameters of the material are known. Thus, the limitation for the application of electromagnetic shielding materials is reduced.

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8

SATOH, Toyoyuki. "Shielding Gases." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 76, no. 1 (2007): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.76.65.

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SATO, Toyoyuki. "Shielding Gases." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 77, no. 2 (2008): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.77.146.

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10

Miura, Grant. "Redox shielding." Nature Chemical Biology 11, no. 9 (August 18, 2015): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1901.

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11

Williams, Del. "Shielding Lotions." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 24, no. 4 (July 2005): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-200507000-00008.

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12

Kase, Kenneth R., J. Kenneth Shultis, and Richard E. Faw. "Radiation Shielding." Radiation Research 146, no. 3 (September 1996): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3579473.

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13

Altheide, David L. "Shielding risk." Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cjcs.5.1.97_7.

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14

Eckhardt, Donald H. "Gravitational shielding." Physical Review D 42, no. 6 (September 15, 1990): 2144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.42.2144.

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Liu, Yan Su, and Guo Hua Chen. "Design and Shielding Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Shielding Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.653.

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.In order to design better anti-radiation and electromagnetic shielding fabric and the clothing and makes it maintained better of electromagnetic shield effectiveness, the influence of radiation source, radiation distance, anti-electromagnetic radiation material, fabric structure, gap size, holes area, clothing exposed area as well as the tunnel effect and so on the fabric radiation protection performance were comprehensively discussed in this article. As well, according to these influence factor analysis the regular conditions that the electromagnetic shielding fabric and garment design should be meet. The analysis result indicated that the shielding effectiveness of the fabric was decreased with the increase of the radiant frequency, the fabric slit size, the hole area and enhanced with the growing of the metal content, the organizational structure close degree as well as the radiation distance.In the case of the equal shielding effect, the bigger exposed area leads weaker electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and if the exposed area oversize can cause the shield effect vanished. Also the clothing shield potency was related to the opening radius, the length, the inside and outside dielectric constant, the permeability of the shirt or cuff. The comprehensive effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding fabrics will be gradually improved if they can meet these regular conditions continually.

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16

Berkin, Genco. "Lead free X-ray shielding glass." International Journal of Academic Research 5, no. 5 (October 10, 2013): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-5/a.4.

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17

Herlemann, H., and M. Koch. "Measurement of the transient shielding effectiveness of shielding cabinets." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-293-2008.

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Abstract. Recently, new definitions of shielding effectiveness (SE) for high-frequency and transient electromagnetic fields were introduced by Klinkenbusch (2005). Analytical results were shown for closed as well as for non closed cylindrical shields. In the present work, the shielding performance of different shielding cabinets is investigated by means of numerical simulations and measurements inside a fully anechoic chamber and a GTEM-cell. For the GTEM-cell-measurements, a downscaled model of the shielding cabinet is used. For the simulations, the numerical tools CONCEPT II and COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS were available. The numerical results agree well with the measurements. They can be used to interpret the behaviour of the shielding effectiveness of enclosures as function of frequency. From the measurement of the electric and magnetic fields with and without the enclosure in place, the electric and magnetic shielding effectiveness as well as the transient shielding effectiveness of the enclosure are calculated. The transient SE of four different shielding cabinets is determined and discussed.

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18

Kim, Seon-Chil. "Analysis of Shielding Performance of Radiation-Shielding Materials According to Particle Size and Clustering Effects." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094010.

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In the field of medical radiation shielding, there is an extensive body of research on process technologies for ecofriendly shielding materials that could replace lead. In particular, the particle size and arrangement of the shielding material when blended with a polymer material affect shielding performance. In this study, we observed how the particle size of the shielding material affects shielding performance. Performance and particle structure were observed for every shielding sheet, which were fabricated by mixing microparticles and nanoparticles with a polymer material using the same process. We observed that the smaller the particle size was, the higher both the clustering and shielding effects in the high-energy region. Thus, shielding performance can be improved. In the low-dose region, the effect of particle size on shielding performance was insignificant. Moreover, the shielding sheet in which nanoparticles and microsized particles were mixed showed similar performance to that of the shielding sheet containing only microsized particles. Findings indicate that, when fabricating a shielding sheet using a polymer material, the smaller the particles in the high-energy region are, the better the shielding performance is. However, in the low-energy region, the effect of the particles is insignificant.

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19

Palasek, B., A. Puszko, Z. Biedrzycka, W. Sicinska, and M. Witanowski. "Nitrogen NMR shieldings of 2-amino-5-nitro-6-methylpyridines." Spectroscopy 13, no. 4 (1997): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/304503.

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Nitrogen NMR shieldings (chemical shifts) of 2-amino-5-nitro-6-methylpyridine derivatives are assessed from the point of view of substituent-induced effects under conditions where alkyl, aryl, nitro, and nitroso moieties are substituents at the amino nitrogen. The nitro nitrogen shielding reveals only little variation upon varying the substituents, and this seems to indicate that steric hindrance which is likely to force the nitro group out of the plane of the aromatic ring reduces theπ-electron conjugation with the latter, and with the amino group as well. On the other side, the pyridine nitrogen shielding shows large effects of substituents at the amino moiety, which suggests a significant conjugation between the ring and the amino group. The latter effects produce a remarkable deshielding of the pyridine nitrogen in the case of nitro and nitroso substituents at the amino group.

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20

Kim, Seon-Chil. "Tungsten-Based Hybrid Composite Shield for Medical Radioisotope Defense." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041338.

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The shielding performance of shielding clothing is typically improved by increasing the shielding material content, but this lowers the tensile strength of the material. The weight and wearability of the shielding suit are also adversely affected. Important considerations when developing shielding fabric are thickness and flexibility to allow the wearer sufficient mobility. Insufficient thickness lowers the shielding performance, whereas excessive thickness decreases the flexibility of the garment. This study aimed to develop a composite shield that reproduces the shielding performance and meets the flexibility of the process technology. The new shield was manufactured by combining two layers: the shielding fabric fabricated from tungsten wire and a shielding sheet produced by mixing a polymer (PDMS) with tungsten powder. These two shields were bonded to develop a double hybrid composite. Compared with the existing shielding sheet (produced from lead equivalent of 0.55 mmPb), the shielding performance of the hybrid composite shield improved by approximately 17% on average and the tensile strength was 53% higher. The hybrid composite shield has a thickness of 1.35 ± 0.02 mm and delivers the same shielding performance as the lead equivalent. The new hybrid composite shield offers higher wearer mobility while shielding against radiation exposure in medical institutions.

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Wu, Yin, Yi Cao, Ying Wu, and Dichen Li. "Mechanical Properties and Gamma-Ray Shielding Performance of 3D-Printed Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone/Tungsten Composites." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204475.

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Nuclear energy provides enduring power to space vehicles, but special attention should be paid to radiation shielding during the development and use of nuclear energy systems. In this paper, novel composite materials containing poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) as a substrate and different tungsten contents as a reinforcing agent were developed and tested as shielding for gamma-ray radiation. Shielding test bodies were quickly processed by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, and their mechanical, shielding properties of composite materials were evaluated. The results revealed shielding materials with excellent mechanical properties which can further be improved by heat treatment. Under 0.45 MPa load, the heat deflection temperature of PEEK/tungsten (metal) composites was significantly lower than that of PEEK/boron carbide (non-metal) composites. The new shielding materials also demonstrated better shielding of low-energy 137Cs than high-energy 60Co. The gamma-ray shielding rates of test pieces shielding materials made of the same thickness changed exponentially with the tungsten content present in the composite materials. More tungsten led to a better shielding effect. At the same tungsten content, the gamma-ray shielding effect showed a proportional relationship with the thickness of the shielding test bodies, in which thicker test bodies induced better shielding effects. In sum, the integration of 3D printing in the mechanical design and manufacturing of shielding bodies is an effective and promising way for quick processing when considering diverse rays and complex environments. Lighter shielding bodies, at lower costs, can be achieved by structural design in limited space to maximize the material utilization rate and reduce waste.

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22

Jiao, Chaoqun, Yang Xu, Xiang Li, Xiumin Zhang, Zhibin Zhao, and Chengzong Pang. "Electromagnetic Shielding Techniques in the Wireless Power Transfer System for Charging Inspection Robot Application." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9984595.

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Aiming at eliminating the leakage of magnetic fields from the wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the structural and working characteristics of the WPT system for the inspection robot are analyzed and an electromagnetic shielding method combining passive shielding and active shielding is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we simulated the magnetic field distribution of the WPT system in Maxwell. Secondly, passive shielding is configured in the WPT system, and the material, size, and position of the passive shielding are studied. Then, we add active shielding to areas where passive shielding cannot achieve a good shielding effect. Based on the analysis and summary of the two methods, we shield the WPT system in the horizontal direction with the appropriate size and distance of aluminum plate, and in the vertical direction, we use the active shielding coils. Simulation and experimental results show that the scheme only slightly reduces the transmission efficiency of the system (from 80.2% to 77.6%), but the shielding ability is 34.06% higher than that of only aluminum plates. The excellent effect of the proposed shielding method is verified in our experiment.

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Saba, Valiallah, Jalal Kargar Shuraki, Abdollah Valizadeh, Mohsen Zahedinia, and Maziar Barkhordari. "REDUCING ABSORBED DOSE TO THYROID IN NECK CT EXAMINATIONS: THE EFFECTS OF SABA SHIELDING." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 3 (September 2020): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa153.

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Abstract Bi shielding has been used for the protection of radiosensitive organs during computed tomography (CT) for 20 years. In 2017, American Association of Physicists in Medicine recommended against Bi shielding due to its degrading effects on image quality. Saba shielding introduced recently protecting organs as Bi shielding without degrading image quality. In this study, the Saba shield was modified and primary radiation attenuation values of the shields and entrance skin dose (ESD) on the thyroid were measured with and without shielding. Furthermore, the quality of images obtained using Saba shielding was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. Saba and Bi shielding reduced the ESD on the thyroid by about 50%. Saba shielding had about 5–7 HU less noise and about 51–65 HU less CT numbers shift in comparison with Bi shielding at a distance of 1 cm from the shields. Saba shielding had no degrading effects on image quality in the patient study.

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Mayer, Daniel, and Bohuš Ulrych. "Numerical Approach for Computation of Electromagnetic Shielding." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0037.

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Disturbing magnetic field (so-called magnetic smog) can be in certain areas suppressed by shielding jacket. Disturbing field is possible to be “lead away” from the shielded area with the use of jacket made of materials with high magnetic permeability (so-called passive shielding, or flux-entrapment shielding). If the disturbing field is time-variable, eddy currents are induced into electrically conductive jacket. Magnetic field generated by these eddy currents suppress the disturbing field (this is called active shielding, or lossy magnetic shielding). Both of these principles can be applied altogether (this is called combined shielding). Presented paper states numerical approach to shielding jacket design and is an introduction to following solution of a real problem of magnetic shielding when the disturbing magnetic field is space-time complicated. Effective design of the magnetic shielding should then be formulated as an optimization task.

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Hou, Xin Peng, Shu Feng Li, Yan Chen, Di Xu, and Wei Tang. "Preparation of an Ultra-Thin, Highly Filled, Neutron-Shielding Material." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.616.

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We develop an ultra-thin, highly filled, neutron-shielding material. This material exhibits a desirable neutron-shielding performance, and also has certain advantageous mechanical properties and uses. We study the physical properties of shielding materials with different polyolefins as base materials, and investigate the neutron-shielding performance of boron-containing and lithium-containing shielding materials. We furthermore report on the effect of additive amounts of functional additives on shielding properties and physical-chemical properties. We additionally study the effect of radiation crosslinking technology on shielding material properties. We show that, using ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) modified low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), the additive amounts of boron carbide (B4C) and nano-montmorillonite (OMMT) are 60–70% and 4%, respectively. The optimal radiation dose is 160 kGy, and the shielding materials exhibit good neutron-shielding performance and mechanical strength.

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Xie, Xiaoxuan, and Xiangyang Zhou. "Optimization Design on a High-performance Magnetic Shielding Barrel for Atomic Magnetometer Measurement Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012033.

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Abstract The ultra-high-precision measurement of the atomic magnetometer is largely restricted by the size of its working magnetic field. In order to reduce the residual magnetic field as much as possible, this article carried out the research on the methods to improve the shielding performance. Firstly, the axial shielding factor that limits the shielding performance of the magnetic shielding barrel was derived with various parameters including the radius, length, thickness, number of layers, distance between adjacent layers, etc. of the magnetic shielding barrel. Secondly, simulation was carried out to verify the correctness of the formula. Simulation shows that the shielding performance of the magnetic shielding barrel decreases with the size of magnetic shielding barrel increase. Besides, with the increase of the distance between two adjacent spacing layers, the shielding performance first increases rapidly and then gradually decreases, indicating that the optimal distance between adjacent layers is 9mm. Especially, the performance of the magnetic shielding barrel improves significantly as the layer thickness and number of layers increase. Experimental results show that the internal remanence of the three-layer magnetic shielding barrel is less than 1nT, and the available axial length of homogeneity range is greater than 200mm.

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IWAI, Yoshihiro. "Special issue/EMI shielding Electro-magnetic shielding for buildings." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 42, no. 1 (1991): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.42.13.

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NAKAMURA, Kenji. "Special issue/EMI shielding EMI shielding by electroless plating." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 42, no. 1 (1991): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.42.33.

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29

Li, Yan, and Wen Bin Zhang. "Research on the Shielding Performance of Electromagnetic Shielding Clothes." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.194.

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Electromagnetic shielding clothes for protecting human exposure from harmful radio waves have been commercialized. However, most research has so far focused on the fabrics. In this paper, based on the orthogonal experiment method, design the structure of the electromagnetic shielding clothes, and conduct the performance test. Through direct and variance analysis, find out the significance degree of the structure factors, and then get the best level combination of the factors, thus provide a theory basis for optimization structure design of electromagnetic shielding clothes.

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Wang, Xiu Chen, and Zhe Liu. "Computer Fitting of Shielding Effectiveness for Electromagnetic Shielding Clothing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.688.

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There are not a effective method to describe the distribution rule of shielding effectiveness for electromagnetic shielding clothing at present. A new analysis method of shielding effectiveness (SE) based on NURBS curve is proposed in this paper. With this method, the SE of the local clothing can be fitted with curve to observe the distribution rule. First, a design method of testing points on local clothing is given. Secondly, some concrete functions and program steps of curve fitting are listed. Finially, distribution image of shielding effectiveness on arm position is drew by some experiments. The results show that this algorithm can draw the 3D SE distribution image of local clothing is more correct and can show the distribution rule of electromagnetic wave in local human body.

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Saito, T. "Shielding Performance of Open-Type Magnetic Shielding Box Structure." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45, no. 10 (October 2009): 4640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2022649.

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Liang, Jian Ping, Zi Lu Zhao, Xiong Feng Zhou, Hao Yuan, Hong Li Wang, Wen Chun Wang, and De Zheng Yang. "The influences of shielding gas and quartz tube on discharge properties and reactive species productions of nanosecond pulsed gas–liquid discharge." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 19 (February 16, 2022): 195204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4fd5.

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Abstract In this paper, shielding gas (He) and shielding quartz tube (straight tube and conical tube) is added to nanosecond pulsed He gas–liquid discharge (G-LD) to limit the air diffusion into plasma, and for the purposes of enhancing the plasma volume and productions of ċOH and H2O2. The plasma properties, including current–voltage waveforms, the temporal-resolved discharge images, optical emission spectra, gas temperature, electron density, and the ċOH and H2O2 productions are analyzed and compared among different discharges generated under the cases of no shielding, shielding He gas, shielding straight tube, and shielding conical tube. The results show that adding extra shielding gas and tubes in the discharge reactor can decrease the gas temperature and electron density, but enhance the plasma volume and area of plasma-liquid interface in comparison with no shielding case. Besides, the addition of shielding gas has the most benefit for enhancing the productions of ċOH and H2O2 produced by G-LD. Adding a shielding conical tube slows down the decrease extent of ċOH and H2O2 productions caused by increasing discharge gap. When the discharge gap excesses 6 mm, adding a shielding conical quartz also has an obvious increase effect on the production of ċOH and H2O2 in compared with no shielding case. While adding a shielding straight tube with small diameter has a little effect on H2O2 production, even a negative effect on ċOH production.

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Poursoltan mohammadi, Amir hossein, M. Chehel Amirani, and Faghihi Faghihi. "Comparison of Shielding Effectiveness in Complex Curved Structure with Different Numerical Methods, FDTD, MOM and Equivalent Circuit." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1010-1019.

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<p>The study of the effect of shielding on high frequency equipment is very important in the electromagnetic compatibility of control and communication equipment. In this paper, while presenting a curved complex structure for the shielding enclosure, the different number of apertures with different dimensions has been investigated. A rectangular structure with two curved parts behind of the enclosure simulated based on numerical methods, FDTD, MOM and equivalent circuit for better analysis of electromagnetic interference. After introducing the proposed structure and presenting the curvature theory, simulation results are displayed and compared in the selected frequency range for three numerical methods. It has been shown that increasing the number of apertures by reducing the size, increases the effectiveness of the protective shield. However, increasing the number of resonances by increasing the apertures indicates the importance of studying the equipment more precisely before choosing the structure of enclosure. We present a complex structure for the enclosure and the different number and dimensions of apertures with different materials were investigated for analyzing the effect of shielding on electromagnetic interference. The necessity of choosing a more effective enclosure according to the frequency of the equipment is specified. Finally, three methods of numerical solution, FDTD, MOM and circuit equal comparition were performed with measured value. Changes in the Shielding effectiveness and the number of resonant in the frequency range were determined. The exact examination of equipment requires shielding and their frequency and the type of inside-to-outside communication device before choosing shieldin is important. We used a comparison of three numerical solution methods for examining the field distribution in a complex structure enclosure with different apertures and different materials. In the majority of cases, the proximity of the measured values in this frequency range with the MOM curves shows the performance of this method in complex structures.<em></em></p>

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Miza Osman, Nur, Suffian Mohamad Tajudin, Adila Hanim Aminordin Sabri, Arif Faddilah Mohd Noor, and Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz. "Evaluation of scattering effects for radiation shielding or filter materials by using Monte Carlo simulation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1231, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1231/1/012007.

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Abstract Most radiology departments utilize ordinary concrete and lead for radiation shielding as the primary radiation can be reduced through photon absorption. There are many studies done focusing on the transmitted photons that penetrate the shielding materials for radiation shielding. However, the scattering from the shielding materials would be ignored. When high-energy photons impinge on thick shields, most of the incident energy is absorbed in the shielding materials, but some of it can also be deflected sideways or in a backward direction. This is important as the backscatter radiation can contribute to unnecessary additional radiation dose to healthcare workers. Hence, this study evaluates several shielding materials namely aluminium, iron, copper, lead, ordinary concrete, and heavy concrete particularly for its attenuated and scattered photons for radiation shielding. The shielding materials were evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation, specifically PHITS code. In the simulation, all shielding materials were modelled as a fixed 30 x 30 cm rectangular shape with a fixed thickness of 10 cm. Mono-energy and pencil beam photon energies ranging from 100 keV until 1 MeV were directed to the shielding materials. As a result, at 100 keV, lead shielding showed the least amount of transmitted dose compared to other shielding materials. However, lead shielding also showed the highest reflected dose at the same incident photon energy. As copper showed the least amount of reflected dose at this incident energy, hence applying a thin layer of this material to lead shielding can tolerate the compromise between low transmitted dose and high reflected dose. Therefore, this can improve the radiation shielding at various irradiation facilities. In conclusion, the reflected dose for all materials studied will increase or higher when the incident photon energy increase, except for lead as well as for low-Z element materials rather than high-Z element materials.

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Li, Yaping, Xiuchen Wang, Zhen Pan, Ying Su, Zhe Liu, Jiajia Duan, and Yayun Li. "Analysis of shielding effectiveness in different kinds of electromagnetic shielding fabrics under different test conditions." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517748490.

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This study used the DR-SO4 window method to test the shielding effectiveness of silver-plated fiber functional fabric, copper–nickel duplicate coating fabric, and stainless steel fiber-blended-type fabric. These electromagnetic shielding fabrics exhibited different levels of shielding effectiveness under different polarization directions. In the same frequency, the shielding effectiveness difference between the vertical polarization wave direction and horizontal or 45° polarization wave direction is higher in silver-plated fiber functional fabric and copper–nickel duplicate coating fabric than that in stainless steel fiber-blended fabric. The radiation distance of 1.5 m has great influence on the shielding effectiveness of the three fabrics. These fabrics show a repeated and intersected change in wrinkle degrees of 1# and 2#. The fabrics in the wrinkle degree of 2# have higher shielding effectiveness than that of 3#. The wrinkle recovery properties of electromagnetic shielding fabrics also affect their shielding effectiveness. The shielding effectiveness of copper–nickel duplicate coating fabric with low wrinkle recovery property considerably changes. This research provides a basis for the design of electromagnetic shielding fabrics.

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Son, Jun Sik, and Seon-Chil Kim. "Improving the Density of Functional Fabrics to Protect Radiation Workers in Radiology Departments." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081142.

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In medical institutions, the high weight of shielding clothing restrains the activities of medical workers. Although lightweight shielding clothing is being manufactured to solve this problem, the weight can only be reduced by 10%–20%. Flexible shielding fibers are mainly used to minimize activity restrictions; however, it is difficult to maintain the reproducibility of shielding performance. When weaving fibers with a yarn that contains a shielding material, the content of the shielding material in the yarn, tensile strength, and problems encountered during weaving should be considered. Therefore, in this study, a high-density shielding fabric weaving process was developed to weave a functional shielding fabric for actively utilizing it for low-dose shielding. The yarn was manufactured using 5 wt% barium sulfate, and the shielding performance was evaluated using the existing plain weave and two fabrics that underwent the newly developed high-density twill weave process. As a result of the experiment, the density of the fabric woven by the twill method increased by 82 g/m³, documenting a difference of 7.46% in the high-energy region and 11.71% in the low-energy region, thus indicating that the Twill method improves the shielding effect. Therefore, it is possible to mass produce lightweight, high-density shielding fabric that can protect against scattered rays that represent the main source of radiation in medical institutions.

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Wang, Xiao-Yun, Si-Yuan Liao, Yan-Jun Wan, Peng-Li Zhu, You-Gen Hu, Tao Zhao, Rong Sun, and Ching-Ping Wong. "Electromagnetic interference shielding materials: recent progress, structure design, and future perspective." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 1 (2022): 44–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04702g.

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Novel structure design and shielding mechanism of various shielding materials are critically reviewed. Measurement methods of far-field and near-field shielding are presented. Challenges and future perspectives for shielding materials are discussed.

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Liu, Jun Mei. "Influence of Fabric Structure on Shielding Effectiveness of Anti-Electromagnetic Radiation Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1028 (September 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1028.25.

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In this paper, the standard test method of fabric shielding effectiveness was simply introduced in order to understand systematically the influence of fabric structure of stainless steel fiber on the shielding effectiveness. The different fabrics were woven using of stainless steel monofilament cotton yarn, stainless steel multifilament cotton yarn and stainless steel fiber cotton yarn. Then shielding effectiveness of these fabrics was measured. Results show that spacing between the stainless steel filaments has a great influence on the shielding effectiveness. The shielding effectiveness of fabric will reduce in a certain range when distance of stainless steel filaments is lengthened. Then shielding effectiveness of blended fabric will increase with increasing of the content of stainless steel fiber. The shielding effectiveness of duplex stainless steel filament fabrics is much better than unidirectional stainless steel filament fabric. Under the same testing condition the shielding effectiveness is different between stainless steel monofilament blended fabric and stainless steel multifilament blended fabric. The structure of stainless steel blended yarn has a great effect on shielding effectiveness of shielding fabric, the shielding effectiveness of stainless steel fiber blended fabric is better than the stainless steel filament blended fabric because the content of stainless steel fiber is difference between two kinds of yarn structure.

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Kim, Seon-Chil. "Effect of Polymer Shell Structure of a Gamma-ray Shielding Film Prepared Using Composite Material on Shielding Performance." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121846.

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Medical protective clothing should be flexible to ensure free movement of healthcare personnel. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a polymer’s physical properties on the particle composition of a shielding material, constituent component miscibility, and shielding performance. To ensure flexibility by reducing the thickness of the shielding garment, polymer-based composite materials are mainly used as shielding materials. The shielding performance varies depending on whether the polymer used is in an emulsion or powder state. In this study, we found that a shielding film manufactured through an injection process after mixing a polymer in a powder form with tungsten powder exhibited 0.95%–2.5% higher shielding performance than that manufactured using the calendering process with an emulsion polymer. The shell structure formed when using the powder polymer maintains the spacing between the particles owing to the double coating of the tungsten particles and improves their dispersion. Additionally, the primary issue when combining an emulsion polymer and shielding material, that is the aggregation between the shielding material particles and between the polymer particles, could be alleviated, resulting in improved shielding performance. We concluded that the polymer-powder mixing method contributes to the reproducibility of the process technology when manufacturing shielding films.

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Kim, Seon-Chil. "Development of Density Control Technology for Improving Medical Radiation Shielding Performance of Waste Marble Powder Mixture." Coatings 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020272.

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The marble used at construction sites creates a large amount of sludge after processing. Because waste marble has a high calcium oxide content, it is often used as a concrete mix building material. In this study, the use of waste sludge in the fabrication of radiation shields was investigated for medical shielding applications. A shielding sheet was produced by mixing a polymer and waste marble powder. A method for improving the density of the shielding sheet was developed to improve the shielding performance. To improve the density of the shielding sheet using the WMP mixture, the gap between particles was narrowed by making the WMP particles small and by mixing in a material with a proven shielding effect, such as bismuth oxide. In addition, a stirring defoaming process was used to reduce the voids between particles, and we presented a method to control the density by processing the WMP at a high temperature of 1200 °C. The experimental results revealed that the waste marble powder exhibited the highest shielding effect when mixed with radiation shielding materials such as bismuth oxide. The reduction of voids and the size of the particles used in preparing the shielding sheet proved to be effective in reducing the gap between the particles, resulting in an improvement of shielding of approximately 15% to 20%. The investigated shielding material based on waste marble powder was shown to be effective in shielding low-dose radiation.

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De Dios, Angel C., and Cynthia Juan Jameson. "Recent Advances in Theoretical and Physical Aspects of NMR Chemical Shifts." KIMIKA 26, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26534/kimika.v26i2.1-30.

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In the first part of this review, theoretical aspects of nuclear magnetic shielding include (a) general theory, for example, newly developed approaches in relativistic theory of nuclear shielding, the relation between the spin-rotation tensor and shielding in relativistic theory, ab initio methods for treating open shell systems and a complete theory of chemical shifts in paramagnetic systems, the link between the definitions of the elusive concepts aromaticity and anti-aromaticity and the magnetic properties: the magnetizability tensor and the nuclear magnetic shielding tensor via delocalized electron currents and electron current maps, (b) ab initio and DFT calculations, both relativistic and non-relativistic, for various nuclei in various molecular systems using various levels of theoretical treatment. Physical aspects include (a) anisotropy of the shielding tensor, usually from solid state measurements, and calculations to support these, (b) shielding surfaces and rovibrational averaging, paying special attention to the sensitive relationship between shielding and bond angles or torsion angles that makes shielding such a powerful tool for structural/conformational determination in macromolecules, (c) chemical shifts that arise from isotopic substitution of NMR nucleus or neighboring nuclei, (d) intermolecular effects on nuclear shielding, and (e) absolute shielding scales.

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Kim, Seon-Chil. "Comparison of Shielding Material Dispersion Characteristics and Shielding Efficiency for Manufacturing Medical X-ray Shielding Barriers." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176075.

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During medical diagnoses, X-ray shielding barriers are used to protect against direct and indirect X-rays. Currently, lead is used as the primary material for shielding barriers; however, the demand for eco-friendly shielding barriers has been increasing. Conventionally, shielding barriers are manufactured using a mechanically bonded combination of lead and aluminum; however, in this study, a plastic-based injection-molded product was developed using tungsten as an eco-friendly alternative to lead. A new process technology was required for mixing tungsten—which can be difficult to process—with a polymer. Consequently, the mixing conditions within the injection molding machine and the related compounding technology factors were analyzed. The process technology considered the pre-mixing method using powdery polymer, particle dispersion method, number of screw rotations, and amount of filler input. The product’s shielding performance was then analyzed. The tungsten content of the 2-mm thick barrier manufactured using the proposed method was 90 wt%, and the lead equivalent was 0.321 mmPb. To increase the effectiveness of injection molding in the manufacturing process, specific hourly compounding conditions were proposed. Consequently, the process technology method developed in this study can be considered suitable for manufacturing various shielding barriers.

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Assis Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno, Tertius L. Fonseca, and Benedito J. C. Cabral. "15N NMR Shifts of Eumelanin Building Blocks in Water: A Combined Quantum Mechanics/Statistical Mechanics Approach." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163616.

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Theoretical results for the magnetic shielding of protonated and unprotonated nitrogens of eumelanin building blocks including monomers, dimers, and tetramers in gas phase and water are presented. The magnetic property in water was determined by carrying out Monte Carlo statistical mechanics sampling combined with quantum mechanics calculations based on the gauge-including atomic orbitals approach. The results show that the environment polarization can have a marked effect on nitrogen magnetic shieldings, especially for the unprotonated nitrogens. Large contrasts of the oligomerization effect on magnetic shielding show a clear distinction between eumelanin building blocks in solution, which could be detected in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Calculations for a π-stacked structure defined by the dimer of a tetrameric building block indicate that unprotonated N atoms are significantly deshielded upon π stacking, whereas protonated N atoms are slightly shielded. The results stress the interest of NMR experiments for a better understanding of the eumelanin complex structure.

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Li, Yan, and Wen Bin Zhang. "Research on Structure Design and Performance Test of Electromagnetic Shielding Clothes." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6508.

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Based on the theory analysis of electromagnetic shielding mechanism and structure design, a woven fabric with stainless steel core-spun yarns is selected. Several sets of shielding clothes with variable structure parameters are designed and manufactured through orthogonal experiment method. An experimental platform has been set up to measure the shielding efficiency of the shielding clothes in key parts. With direct and variance analysis identify the significant structure parameters which influence the shielding performance, so as to provide a theory basis for the optimization structure design of electromagnetic shielding clothes.

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Kim, Seon-Chil. "Development of a Lightweight Tungsten Shielding Fiber That Can Be Used for Improving the Performance of Medical Radiation Shields." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 6475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146475.

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Radiation exposure in medical institutions is mainly due to low doses. Low-dose radiation mainly means scattered radiation, and such scattered radiation can be shielded with a lightweight shielding suit. In this study, the shielding performance of shielding fabrics woven by winding polyethylene (PE) yarn around a 30 μm tungsten wire was evaluated. To improve the shielding performance, an air pressure dispersion process of coating tungsten nanopowder on the fiber was developed. The radiation shielding effectiveness of the shielding fibers with and without dispersed tungsten nanopowder were compared by measuring the spatial dose inside the diagnostic X-ray imaging room of a medical institution. The results of the experiment confirmed that the fabric coated with tungsten nanopowder improved the shielding performance of the general tungsten fiber by approximately 15% and provided relatively effective low-dose radiation shielding at approximately 1.2 m of the X-ray imaging equipment. This study shows that tungsten fiber can be helpful in manufacturing lightweight shielding clothing for protection from scattered radiation in medical institutions.

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Zhang, Hong, Sheng Zou, Xi-Yuan Chen, and Wei Quan. "Parameter Modeling Analysis and Experimental Verification on Magnetic Shielding Cylinder of All-Optical Atomic Spin Magnetometer." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/491746.

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The ultrahigh sensitivity atomic spin magnetometer as the magnetic measurement sensor has received much concern. The performance of the magnetic shielding cylinder is one of the key factors constraining the atomic spin magnetometer’s sensitivity. In order to effectively improve the performances of the magnetic shielding, the parameter optimization models of the magnetic shielding cylinder were established in this paper. Under the condition of changing only one parameter while the others keeping constant, the effects of various parameters influencing the axial shielding coefficient were comprehensively analyzed, and the results showed that the smaller the innermost length, the innermost radius, and the radial spacing were, and the greater the axial spacing was, the better the shielding performance could be obtained. According to these results and the actual needs, the magnetic shielding cylinder was optimally designed, and then the shielding effects were simulated via the software Ansoft. The simulation results showed that the optimized magnetic shielding cylinder had the advantages of small size, high shielding performance, and lager uniformity than that of the nonoptimized one. The actual measurement results showed that the residual magnetism in the optimized magnetic shielding cylinder was below 0.1 nT, which was 2~4 times lower than the nonoptimized one.

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Kim, Seon-Chil, and Sung-Hyoun Cho. "Analysis of the Correlation between Shielding Material Blending Characteristics and Porosity for Radiation Shielding Films." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091765.

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The most important factors in the manufacture of shielded sheets are shielding ratio, light weight, and tensile strength. The base material should provide a light-shielding film with strong physical shock resistance, while maintaining the shielding ratio of lead. Therefore, we studied the correlation between the porosity during the mixing process and the maintenance of the shielding film characteristics. Changes in the shielding ratio can be predicted according to the properties of materials such as polymeric silicon and tungsten oxide. Further, their tensile strength and porosity may change depending on the content of the material. Experiments were carried out for each substance based on the shielding ratio with respect to the processing conditions. For a shielding film using barium sulfate (BaSO4) and polymeric silicon, increasing the porosity by the removal of air in the same manufacturing process resulted in a tensile strength of 6.4 MPa at 22% porosity. For tungsten oxide (WO3), the tensile strength was 10.5 MPa at a porosity of 12%, and for a 0.6 mm sample, the shielding performance was very similar to 0.21 mm of Pb. The porosity during the manufacturing process affected the tensile strength and shielding performance, which were significantly different for each shielding material.

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Wirapraja, Agung Yanuar, Handaru Bowo Cahyono, and Mohamad Marhaendra Ali. "Shielding Elektromagnetik Tembaga dari Proses Elektrolisis Air Limbah Industri Printed Circuit Board." Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v10i1.162.

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Some electronic products have high electromagnetic interference so that it gives a negative impact on the electronic devices around it. The use of electromagnetic shielding is a solution to reduce the value of electromagnetic radiation interference from electronic products. The research conducted includes the manufacture of electromagnetic shielding from copper material resulting from the electrolysis process of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) industrial wastewater and analyzing the effect of electromagnetic shielding from copper waste on the value of radiation emission. Electromagnetic shielding is made of vinyl which is coated with copper as a result of the electrolysis of PCB industrial wastewater. The measurement results show that electromagnetic shielding from copper waste can reduce radiation emissions. The use of electromagnetic shielding from copper waste is effective at frequencies from 250 to 350 MHz with a decrease in the quasi-peak value of 38.02 dB. The measurements with horizontal antenna polarization show that the margin of radiation emission value is higher comparated to vertical antenna polarization.Sebagian produk elektronika memiliki gangguan interferensi elektromagnetik yang tinggi, sehingga berdampak kurang baik terhadap perangkat elektronika di sekitarnya. Pemanfaatan shielding elektromagnetik menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi nilai gangguan radiasi elektromagnetik yang dimiliki oleh produk elektronika. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan shielding elektromagnetik dari bahan tembaga hasil dari proses elektrolisis limbah industri PCB (Printed Circuit Board) dan melakukan analisa pengaruh shielding elektromagnetik dari limbah tembaga terhadap nilai emisi radiasi. Shielding elektromagnetik terbuat dari bahan vinyl yang dilapisi dengan tembaga hasil elektrolisis limbah cair industri PCB. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa shielding elektromagnetik dari limbah tembaga dapat menurunkan emisi radiasi. Penggunaan shielding elektromagnetik dari limbah tembaga efektif di frekuensi 250 – 350 MHz dengan penurunan nilai quasi-peak sebesar 38,02 dB. Pada pengukuran dengan polarisasi antena horisontal, margin nilai emisi radiasi lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan polarisasi antena vertikal. Kata Kunci: Shielding elektromagnetik, Emisi radiasi, Tembaga, PCB

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Jiang, Yu Ze, Zhen Guang Liang, Wei Jie Ma, and Hong Chuan Wang. "Effect of Shielding Lines on Power Frequency Electric Field under Overhead Lines." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.999.

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This paper discusses effect of shielding lines on reduction of electric field produced by overhead lines. Charge simulation method is used. Influences of height, space and number of shielding lines on electric field are calculated. Space between shielding lines has reverse roles on influencing area and maximal electric field. Number and space of shielding lines should be carefully selected to shielding a certain area. Analytical method is also used to express induced electric field by shielding lines. Result of comparison with charge simulation method shows that it is suitable for area outside of three phase lines.

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Yang, Jing, Zhen Fu Chen, Yuan Chu Gan, and Qiu Wang Tao. "Research Progress on Radiation Shielding Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.303.

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Radiation shielding concrete is widely used in nuclear power plants, accelerators, hospitals, etc. With the development of nuclear industry technology, research on radiation shielding material properties is of great importance. Research on properties of radiation shielding concrete with different aggregates or admixtures and the effect of high temperature on the performance of shielding concrete are introduced. Along with the nuclear waste increase, shielding concrete durability and nuclear waste disposal are getting paramount.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shielding'

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