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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Yin, Jianhua, and Haichun Gao. "Stress Responses ofShewanella." International Journal of Microbiology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/863623.

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The shewanellae are ubiquitous in aquatic and sedimentary systems that are chemically stratified on a permanent or seasonal basis. In addition to their ability to utilize a diverse array of terminal electron acceptors, the microorganisms have evolved both common and unique responding mechanisms to cope with various stresses. This paper focuses on the response and adaptive mechanism of the shewanellae, largely based on transcriptional data.
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2

Marritt, Sophie J., Thomas G. Lowe, Jordan Bye, Duncan G. G. McMillan, Liang Shi, Jim Fredrickson, John Zachara, et al. "A functional description of CymA, an electron-transfer hub supporting anaerobic respiratory flexibility in Shewanella." Biochemical Journal 444, no. 3 (May 29, 2012): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120197.

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CymA (tetrahaem cytochrome c) is a member of the NapC/NirT family of quinol dehydrogenases. Essential for the anaerobic respiratory flexibility of shewanellae, CymA transfers electrons from menaquinol to various dedicated systems for the reduction of terminal electron acceptors including fumarate and insoluble minerals of Fe(III). Spectroscopic characterization of CymA from Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 identifies three low-spin His/His co-ordinated c-haems and a single high-spin c-haem with His/H2O co-ordination lying adjacent to the quinol-binding site. At pH 7, binding of the menaquinol analogue, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, does not alter the mid-point potentials of the high-spin (approximately −240 mV) and low-spin (approximately −110, −190 and −265 mV) haems that appear biased to transfer electrons from the high- to low-spin centres following quinol oxidation. CymA is reduced with menadiol (Em=−80 mV) in the presence of NADH (Em=−320 mV) and an NADH–menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) oxidoreductase, but not by menadiol alone. In cytoplasmic membranes reduction of CymA may then require the thermodynamic driving force from NADH, formate or H2 oxidation as the redox poise of the menaquinol pool in isolation is insufficient. Spectroscopic studies suggest that CymA requires a non-haem co-factor for quinol oxidation and that the reduced enzyme forms a 1:1 complex with its redox partner Fcc3 (flavocytochrome c3 fumarate reductase). The implications for CymA supporting the respiratory flexibility of shewanellae are discussed.
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3

Pinchuk, Grigoriy E., Christine Ammons, David E. Culley, Shu-Mei W. Li, Jeff S. McLean, Margaret F. Romine, Kenneth H. Nealson, Jim K. Fredrickson, and Alexander S. Beliaev. "Utilization of DNA as a Sole Source of Phosphorus, Carbon, and Energy by Shewanella spp.: Ecological and Physiological Implications for Dissimilatory Metal Reduction." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 4 (December 21, 2007): 1198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02026-07.

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ABSTRACT The solubility of orthophosphate (PO4 3−) in iron-rich sediments can be exceedingly low, limiting the bioavailability of this essential nutrient to microbial populations that catalyze critical biogeochemical reactions. Here we demonstrate that dissolved extracellular DNA can serve as a sole source of phosphorus, as well as carbon and energy, for metal-reducing bacteria of the genus Shewanella. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and Shewanella sp. strain W3-18-1 all grew with DNA but displayed different growth rates. W3-18-1 exhibited the highest growth rate with DNA. While strain W3-18-1 displayed Ca2+-independent DNA utilization, both CN32 and MR-1 required millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ for growth with DNA. For S. oneidensis MR-1, the utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus is linked to the activities of extracellular phosphatase(s) and a Ca2+-dependent nuclease(s), which are regulated by phosphorus availability. Mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular proteome of MR-1 identified one putative endonuclease (SO1844), a predicted UshA (bifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5′ nucleotidase), a predicted PhoX (calcium-activated alkaline phosphatase), and a predicted CpdB (bifunctional 2′,3′ cyclic nucleotide 2′ phosphodiesterase/3′ nucleotidase), all of which could play important roles in the extracellular degradation of DNA under phosphorus-limiting conditions. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the ability to use exogenous DNA as the sole source of phosphorus is widespread among the shewanellae, and perhaps among all prokaryotes, and may be especially important for nutrient cycling in metal-reducing environments.
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4

Lee, On On, Stanley C. K. Lau, Mandy M. Y. Tsoi, Xiancui Li, Ioulia Plakhotnikova, Sergey Dobretsov, Madeline C. S. Wu, Po-Keung Wong, Markus Weinbauer, and Pei-Yuan Qian. "Shewanella irciniae sp. nov., a novel member of the family Shewanellaceae, isolated from the marine sponge Ircinia dendroides in the Bay of Villefranche, Mediterranean Sea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 2871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64562-0.

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Strain UST040317-058T, comprising non-pigmented, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative cells that are motile by means of single polar flagella, was isolated from the surface of a marine sponge (Ircinia dendroides) collected from the Mediterranean Sea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a separate cluster with the recognized bacterium Shewanella algae IAM 14159T, with which it showed a sequence similarity of 95.0 %. The sequence similarity between strain UST040317-058T and its other (six) closest relatives ranged from 91.6 to 93.8 %. Strain UST040317-058T showed oxidase, catalase and gelatinase activities. The typical respiratory quinones for shewanellas, menaquinone MK-7 and ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8, were also detected. The predominant fatty acids in strain UST040317-058T were i15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 1ω8c and summed feature 3 (comprising i15 : 0 2-OH and/or 16 : 1ω7c), altogether representing 56.9 % of the total. The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. The strain could be differentiated from other Shewanella species by its inability to reduce nitrate or produce H2S and by 10–22 additional phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data presented in this study, strain UST040317-058T represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella irciniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UST040317-058T (=JCM 13528T=NRRL B-41466T).
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5

Du, Guangqing, Yuanming Gai, Hui Zhou, Shaoping Fu, and Dawei Zhang. "Assessment of Spoilage Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during Storage by 16S rDNA Sequencing." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5367984.

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Due to the high contents of protein and fat in rainbow trout, it is highly susceptible to spoilage, which limits the storage and transportation processes. Exploring the spoilage microbial community during rainbow trout storage is essential to develop an effective preservation method. Here, the changes in the total bacterial colony and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) during the storage of rainbow trout were investigated. Storage at 0 °C can effectively slow down the spoilage process with bacterial counts and TVB-N contents decreased from 8.7 log CFU/g and 18.7 mg/100 g obtained at 4 °C to 5.6 log CFU/g and 14.5 mg/100 g, respectively. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the diversity of microbial genera decreased during storage. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Shewanells gradually became the dominant spoilage genera with contents of 59.9%, 18.6%, and 1.7%, respectively, in the late stage of storage. The spoilage abilities of bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas and Shewanells genera were analyzed. Shewanella sp. S5-52 showed the highest level of TVB-N content (100.6 mg/100 g) in sterile fish juice, indicating that it had a strong spoilage ability. This study confirmed the dominant spoilage bacterial genera and evaluated the spoilage abilities of isolated strains during the storage of rainbow trout, which laid the foundation for further investigation of the spoilage mechanism of rainbow trout and other aquatic products.
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6

Jiang, Shenghua, Ji-Hoon Lee, Min-Gyu Kim, Nosang V. Myung, James K. Fredrickson, Michael J. Sadowsky, and Hor-Gil Hur. "Biogenic Formation of As-S Nanotubes by Diverse Shewanella Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (August 28, 2009): 6896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00450-09.

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ABSTRACT Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 was previously shown to produce novel, photoactive, As-S nanotubes via the reduction of As(V) and S2O3 2− under anaerobic conditions. To determine if this ability was unique to this bacterium, 10 different Shewanella strains, including Shewanella sp. strain HN-41, Shewanella sp. strain PV-4, Shewanella alga BrY, Shewanella amazonensis SB2B, Shewanella denitrificans OS217, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32, S. putrefaciens IR-1, S. putrefaciens SP200, and S. putrefaciens W3-6-1, were examined for production of As-S nanotubes under standardized conditions. Of the 10 strains examined, three formed As-S nanotubes like those of strain HN-41. While Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 and S. putrefaciens CN-32 rapidly formed As-S precipitates in 7 days, strains S. alga BrY and S. oneidensis MR-1 reduced As(V) at a much lower rate and formed yellow As-S after 30 days. Electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy analyses showed that the morphological and chemical properties of As-S formed by strains S. putrefaciens CN-32, S. alga BrY, and S. oneidensis MR-1 were similar to those previously determined for Shewanella sp. strain HN-41 As-S nanotubes. These studies indicated that the formation of As-S nanotubes is widespread among Shewanella strains and is closely related to bacterial growth and the reduction rate of As(V) and thiosulfate.
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7

Yang, Sung-Hyun, Kae Kyoung Kwon, Hee-Soon Lee, and Sang-Jin Kim. "Shewanella spongiae sp. nov., isolated from a marine sponge." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 2879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64540-0.

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A psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain HJ039T, was isolated from a marine sponge collected in the East Sea of Korea (also known as the Sea of Japan). Cells were Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped (1.8–3.54 μm×0.27–0.73 μm). Growth was observed between 5 and 26 °C (optimum 15 °C), at pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum pH 6.0–6.5) and in the presence of 0–6.0 % NaCl (optimum 2.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HJ039T showed high levels of similarity (93.7–95.4 %) with members of the genus Shewanella, especially with Shewanella gaetbuli TF-27T (95.2 %), Shewanella decolorationis S12T (94.9 %), Shewanella putrefaciens LMG 26268T (94.6 %), Shewanella hafniensis P010T (94.6 %), Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (94.5 %) and Shewanella kaireitica c931T (94.5 %). However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HJ039T shared a phyletic line with S. algae and Shewanella amazonensis. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 52.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were i-13 : 0 (8.5 %), 15 : 0 (4.2 %), i-15 : 0 (23.2 %), i-15 : 1 (7.9 %), 16 : 0 (8.7 %), 16 : 1ω7 (21.0 %) and 17 : 1ω8 (6.4 %). From this polyphasic taxonomic evidence, strain HJ039T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJ039T (=KCCM 42304T=JCM 13830T).
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8

Latif, Azka, Vikas Kapoor, Renuga Vivekanandan, and Joseph Thilumala Reddy. "A rare case of Shewanella septicemia: risk factors, environmental associations and management." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 9 (September 2019): e230252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230252.

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Shewanella species are Gram-negative, saprophytic, motile bacilli. Exposure to aquatic environment and raw fish ingestion have been defined as significant associated risk factors. The two species most commonly associated with human infections are Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens and major portion of infections (80%) caused by the former. Herein, we report a case of Shewanella septicaemia in a 70-year-old man in Omaha, NE who had no exposure to aquatic environment. To date, no defined treatment guidelines are present due to rarity of Shewanella infections, which is contributing to emerging antibiotic resistance.
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9

Zhao, Jian-Shen, Dominic Manno, Chantale Beaulieu, Louise Paquet, and Jalal Hawari. "Shewanella sediminis sp. nov., a novel Na+-requiring and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading bacterium from marine sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63604-0.

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Previously, a psychrophilic rod-shaped marine bacterium (strain HAW-EB3T) isolated from Halifax Harbour sediment was noted for its ability to degrade hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In the present study phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characterization showed that strain HAW-EB3T represents a novel species of Shewanella. Strain HAW-EB3T contained lysine decarboxylase, which is absent in other known Shewanella species, and distinguished itself from most other species of Shewanella by the presence of arginine dehydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase and chitinase, and by its ability to oxidize and ferment N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Strain HAW-EB3T grew on several carbon sources (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, Tween 40, Tween 80, acetate, succinate, butyrate and serine) and showed distinctive fatty acid and quinone compositions. Both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic cluster analyses demonstrated that HAW-EB3T belongs to the Na+-requiring group of Shewanella species. The HAW-EB3T 16S rRNA gene sequence displayed ⩽97·4 % similarity to all known Shewanella species and was most similar to those of two bioluminescent species, Shewanella hanedai and Shewanella woodyi. However, gyrB of strain HAW-EB3T was significantly different from those of other Shewanella species, with similarities less than 85 %. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that its genomic DNA was less than 25 % related to that of S. hanedai or S. woodyi. Therefore we propose Shewanella sediminis sp. nov., with HAW-EB3T (=NCIMB 14036T=DSM 17055T) as the type strain.
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10

Huang, Jiexun, Baolin Sun, and Xiaobo Zhang. "Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sea sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.013300-0.

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A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain S4T, was isolated from coastal sediment collected off Xiamen, China. The physiological and biochemical features of strain S4T, determined using the API 20NE, API ZYM and Biolog GN2 systems, were similar to those of members of the genus Shewanella. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences placed strain S4T in the genus Shewanella, and it was most closely related to Shewanella oneidensis and related species. DNA–DNA hybridization demonstrated only 11.9–30.4 % relatedness between S4T and the type strains of related Shewanella species. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain S4T is classified in the genus Shewanella as a representative of a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4T (=CCTCC M 209017T =JCM 16212T).
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11

Miyazaki, Masayuki, Yuichi Nogi, Ron Usami, and Koki Horikoshi. "Shewanella surugensis sp. nov., Shewanella kaireitica sp. nov. and Shewanella abyssi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediments of Suruga Bay, Japan." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64173-0.

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Six strains representing three novel species were isolated from deep-sea sediment in Suruga Bay, Japan, at a depth of 2406–2409 m. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strains, c931T, c941T, d943, c952, d954 and c959T, are closely affiliated with members of the genus Shewanella. The hybridization values for DNA–DNA relatedness between these strains and Shewanella reference strains were significantly lower than that which is accepted as the phylogenetic definition of a species. On the basis of their distinct taxonomic characteristics, the isolated strains represent three novel Shewanella species, for which the names Shewanella kaireitica sp. nov. (three strains, type strain c931T=JCM 11836T=DSM 17170T), Shewanella abyssi sp. nov. (two strains, type strain c941T=JCM 13041T=DSM 17171T) and Shewanella surugensis sp. nov. (type strain c959T=JCM 11835T=DSM 17177T) are proposed.
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12

Yang, Sung-Hyun, Jung-Hyun Lee, Ji-Sun Ryu, Chiaki Kato, and Sang-Jin Kim. "Shewanella donghaensis sp. nov., a psychrophilic, piezosensitive bacterium producing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, isolated from deep-sea sediments." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64469-0.

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A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, psychrophilic bacterium, LT17T, was isolated from deep-sea sediments (3300 m depth) of the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Optimal growth of LT17T requires the presence of 2.5 % (w/v) NaCl, a pH of 7.0–7.5 and a temperature of 17 °C. The isolate grows optimally under a hydrostatic pressure of 10 MPa and growth is possible between 0.1 and <30 MPa. The novel strain is positive in tests for catalase, oxidase, lipase, β-glucosidase and gelatinase activities and reduces nitrate to nitrate. The predominant cellular fatty acids are iso-C13 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7 and C20 : 5ω3. The DNA G+C content of strain LT17T is 38.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences places this bacterium in the class Gammaproteobacteria, within the genus Shewanella. The closest relatives of strain LT17T are Shewanella japonica (97.8 % gene sequence similarity), Shewanella pacifica (97.5 %), Shewanella olleyana (96.8 %), Shewanella frigidimarina (96.5 %) and Shewanella gelidimarina (95.4 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization levels between the novel isolate and its closest known phylogenetic relatives, S. japonica and S. pacifica, are lower than 14 %. On the basis of this polyphasic evidence, strain LT17T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella donghaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LT17T (=KCTC 10635BPT=JCM 12524T).
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13

Sung, Hye-Ri, Jung-Hoon Yoon, and Sa-Youl Ghim. "Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_7 (July 1, 2012): 1636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.032995-0.

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A novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329T, was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gram-staining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange–yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at >7 % (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (33.52 %) and C17 : 1ω8c (11.73 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain UDC329T was 50.2 mol%. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, strain UDC329T was grouped with members of the genus Shewanella and appeared most closely related to Shewanella fodinae JC15T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Shewanella indica KJW27T (95.0 %), Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (94.8 %), Shewanella haliotis DW01T (94.5 %) and Shewanella chilikensis JC5T (93.9 %). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain UDC329T and S. fodinae JC15T was, however, only 27.4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain UDC329T represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC329T ( = KCTC 22898T = DSM 23626T).
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14

Wang, Feng, Xiang Xiao, Hong-Yu Ou, Yingbao Gai, and Fengping Wang. "Role and Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Response of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 to Different Temperatures and Pressures." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 8 (February 6, 2009): 2574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00498-08.

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ABSTRACT Members of the genus Shewanella inhabit various environments; they are capable of synthesizing various types of low-melting-point fatty acids, including monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) with and without eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). The genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in 15 whole-genome-sequenced Shewanella strains were identified and compared. A typical type II fatty acid synthesis pathway in Shewanella was constructed. A complete EPA synthesis gene cluster was found in all of the Shewanella genomes, although only a few of them were found to produce EPA. The roles and regulation of fatty acids synthesis in Shewanella were further elucidated in the Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 response to different temperatures and pressures. The EPA and BCFA contents of WP3 significantly increased when it was grown at low temperature and/or under high pressure. EPA, but not MUFA, was determined to be crucial for its growth at low temperature and high pressure. A gene cluster for a branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter (LIV-I) was found to be upregulated at low temperature. Combined approaches, including mutagenesis and an isotopic-tracer method, revealed that the LIV-I transporter played an important role in the regulation of BCFA synthesis in WP3. The LIV-I transporter was identified only in the cold-adapted Shewanella species and was assumed to supply an important strategy for Shewanella cold adaptation. This is the first time the molecular mechanism of BCFA regulation in bacteria has been elucidated.
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15

Satomi, Masataka, Birte Fonnesbech Vogel, Kasthuri Venkateswaran, and Lone Gram. "Description of Shewanella glacialipiscicola sp. nov. and Shewanella algidipiscicola sp. nov., isolated from marine fish of the Danish Baltic Sea, and proposal that Shewanella affinis is a later heterotypic synonym of Shewanella colwelliana." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64708-0.

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Two novel species belonging to the genus Shewanella are described on the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A total of 40 strains of Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, H2S-producing bacteria were isolated from marine fish (cod and plaice) caught in the Baltic Sea off Denmark. Strains belonging to group 1 (seven strains) were a lactate-assimilating variant of Shewanella morhuae with a G+C content of 44 mol%. The strains of group 2 (33 strains) utilized lactate, N-acetylglucosamine and malate but did not produce DNase or ornithine decarboxylase. Their G+C content was 47 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data placed the two novel species within the genus Shewanella. Group 1 showed greatest sequence similarity with S. morhuae ATCC BAA-1205T (99.9 %). However, gyrB gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization differentiated these isolates from S. morhuae, with 95.6 % sequence similarity and less than 57 % DNA relatedness, respectively. Group 2 strains shared more than 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Shewanella colwelliana and Shewanella affinis, but gyrB sequence similarity (~85 %) and the results of DNA hybridization (~28 %) indicated that the new isolates represented a novel species. Furthermore, when compared to each other, the type strains of S. colwelliana and S. affinis had almost identical gyrB sequences and significantly high DNA reassociation values (76–83 %), indicating that they belonged to the same species. Based on the conclusions of this study, we propose the novel species Shewanella glacialipiscicola sp. nov. (type strain T147T=LMG 23744T=NBRC 102030T) for group 1 strains and Shewanella algidipiscicola sp. nov. (type strain S13T=LMG 23746T=NBRC 102032T) for group 2 strains, and we propose that Shewanella affinis as a later heterotypic synonym of Shewanella colwelliana.
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16

Cha, Qian-Qian, Xue-Bing Ren, Yuan-Yuan Sun, Xiao-Yan He, Hai-Nan Su, Xiu-Lan Chen, Yu-Zhong Zhang, et al. "Shewanella polaris sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Arctic brown algae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 2096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004022.

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A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SM1901T, was isolated from a brown algal sample collected from Kings Bay, Svalbard, Arctic. Strain SM1901T grew at −4‒30 °C and with 0–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. It reduced nitrate to nitrite and hydrolysed DNA and Tween 80. Results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SM1901T was affiliated with the genus Shewanella , showing the highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Shewanella litoralis (97.5%), followed by those of Shewanella vesiculosa , Shewanella livingstonensis and Shewanella saliphila (97.3 % for all three). The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7с and/or C16 : 1 ω6с), C16 : 0, C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8с and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The respiratory quinones were ubiquinones Q-7, Q-8, menaquinones MK-7(H) and MK-8. The genome of strain SM1901T was 4648537 nucleotides long and encoded a variety of cold adaptation related genes, providing clues for better understanding the ecological adaptation mechanisms of polar bacteria. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM1901T was 40.5 mol%. Based on the polyphasic evidence presented in this paper, strain SM1901T was considered to represent a novel species, constituting a novel psychrotolerant lineage out of the known SF clade encompassed by polar Shewanella species, within the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SM1901T (=KCTC 72047T=MCCC 1K03585T).
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17

Vogel, Birte Fonnesbech, Kasthuri Venkateswaran, Masataka Satomi, and Lone Gram. "Identification of Shewanella baltica as the Most Important H2S-Producing Species during Iced Storage of Danish Marine Fish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 6689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.6689-6697.2005.

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ABSTRACT Shewanella putrefaciens has been considered the main spoilage bacteria of low-temperature stored marine seafood. However, psychrotropic Shewanella have been reclassified during recent years, and the purpose of the present study was to determine whether any of the new Shewanella species are important in fish spoilage. More than 500 H2S-producing strains were isolated from iced stored marine fish (cod, plaice, and flounder) caught in the Baltic Sea during winter or summer time. All strains were identified as Shewanella species by phenotypic tests. Different Shewanella species were present on newly caught fish. During the warm summer months the mesophilic human pathogenic S. algae dominated the H2S-producing bacterial population. After iced storage, a shift in the Shewanella species was found, and most of the H2S-producing strains were identified as S. baltica. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the identification of these two major groups. Several isolates could only be identified to the genus Shewanella level and were separated into two subgroups with low (44%) and high (47%) G+C mol%. The low G+C% group was isolated during winter months, whereas the high G+C% group was isolated on fish caught during summer and only during the first few days of iced storage. Phenotypically, these strains were different from the type strains of S. putrefaciens, S. oneidensis, S. colwelliana, and S. affinis, but the high G+C% group clustered close to S. colwelliana by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. The low G+C% group may constitute a new species. S. baltica, and the low G+C% group of Shewanella spp. strains grew well in cod juice at 0°C, but three high G+C Shewanella spp. were unable to grow at 0°C. In conclusion, the spoilage reactions of iced Danish marine fish remain unchanged (i.e., trimethylamine-N-oxide reduction and H2S production); however, the main H2S-producing organism was identified as S. baltica.
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Xiao, Xiang, Peng Wang, Xiang Zeng, Douglas Hoyt Bartlett, and Fengping Wang. "Shewanella psychrophila sp. nov. and Shewanella piezotolerans sp. nov., isolated from west Pacific deep-sea sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64500-0.

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Two Shewanella-like bacterial strains, WP2T and WP3T, which were isolated from west Pacific deep-sea sediment, were studied to determine their taxonomic position. Cells of the two bacteria were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rods and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain WP2T was psychrophilic, growing optimally at about 10–15 °C, whereas strain WP3T was psychrotolerant, growing optimally at 15–20 °C. The two strains grew in the pressure range 0.1–50 MPa, with optimal growth at 20 MPa. Strain WP3T was able to use nitrate, fumarate, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), DMSO and insoluble Fe(III) as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic growth, whereas strain WP2T was able to use only nitrate, TMAO and DMSO. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains WP2T and WP3T were 97 % identical, and showed highest similarity (97 %) to those of Shewanella fidelis KMM 3589 and Shewanella benthica ATCC 43992T, respectively. The gyrB gene sequences of strains WP2Tand WP3 T were also determined, and showed highest similarity to those of Shewanella violacea JCM 10179T (90 %) and Shewanella sairae SM2-1T (87 %), respectively. Contrary to the 16S rRNA gene sequence results, the phylogeny based on gyrB gene sequence analysis placed strain WP2T, S. violacea and S. benthica in one group, while strain WP3T grouped with S. fidelis and S. sairae. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments supported the placement of strain WP2T with S. violacea and S. benthica. Phylogenetic evidence, together with DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic characteristics, indicated that the two new strains represented two novel deep-sea Shewanella species. The names Shewanella psychrophila sp. nov. (type strain WP2T=JCM 13876T=CGMCC 1.6159T) and Shewanella piezotolerans (type strain WP3T=JCM 13877T=CGMCC 1.6160T) are proposed.
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Reid, Graeme A., and Euan H. J. Gordon. "Phylogeny of marine and freshwater Shewanella: reclassification of Shewanella putrefaciens NCIMB 400 as Shewanella frigidimarina." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-1-189.

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Sharma, Krishna Kanchan, and Usha Kalawat. "Emerging Infections: Shewanella – A Series of Five Cases." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 2, no. 02 (July 2010): 061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.72150.

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ABSTRACT Background: Shewanella spp. are unusual cause of disease in humans; however, reports of Shewanella infections have been increasing. Shewanella is a ubiquitous organism that has been isolated from many foods, sewage, and both from fresh and salt water. Earlier it was named as Pseudomonas putrefaciens or Shewanella putrefaciens. There are several reports describing this organism causing human infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, bacteremia, wound infection, etc. It is oxidase and catalase-positive non-fermenter gram-negative rod that produces hydrogen sulfide. Aims: The study was conducted to identify Shewanella spp., which was wrongly reported as Pseudomonas spp. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were cultured as per standard clinical laboratory procedure. We tested the non-lactose-fermenting colonies for oxidase positivity. Oxidase-positive colony was inoculated in triple sugar iron slant (TSI) to know the hydrogen sulfide production. Hydrogen sulfide positive colonies were further tested for citrate, urease, indole, and amino acid decarboxylation and acid and gas production from sugars. Results: Five isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. during preliminary testing were proved to be Shewanella spp. on further testing. Conclusions: It will help in better understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors associated with these and prevention of the rare pathogenic organisms.
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Zhao, Jian-Shen, Dominic Manno, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman, and Jalal Hawari. "Shewanella canadensis sp. nov. and Shewanella atlantica sp. nov., manganese dioxide- and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-reducing, psychrophilic marine bacteria." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 2155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64596-0.

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Two strains belonging to the genus Shewanella, HAW-EB2T and HAW-EB5T, were isolated previously from marine sediment sampled from the Atlantic Ocean, near Halifax harbour in Canada, for their potential to degrade explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In the present study, strains HAW-EB2T and HAW-EB5T were found to display high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90–99.5 %) to species of Shewanella, but their gyrB sequences were significantly different from each other and from species of Shewanella (79–87.6 %). Furthermore, DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the genomic DNA of the two strains was only 22 % related and showed less than 41 % relatedness to closely related species of Shewanella. In comparison to other species of Shewanella, strains HAW-EB2T and HAW-EB5T were also unique in some phenotypic properties such as activities of β-galactosidase and tyrosine arylamidase and the ability to metabolize certain organic acids and sugars. Both strains HAW-EB2T and HAW-EB5T utilize malate, valerate, peptone and yeast extract as sole carbon and energy sources. The major membrane fatty acids of the two strains were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7, C18 : 1 ω7 and C20 : 5 ω3 and their major quinones were Q-7, Q-8 and MK-7. On the basis of these results, strain HAW-EB2T (=NCIMB 14238T =CCUG 54553T) is proposed as the type strain of Shewanella canadensis sp. nov. and strain HAW-EB5T (=NCIMB 14239T =CCUG 54554T) is proposed as the type strain of Shewanella atlantica sp. nov.
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Holt, H. M., B. Gahrn-Hansen, and B. Bruun. "Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 11, no. 5 (May 2005): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01108.x.

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Liu, Yang, Xie-Xie Shang, Zhi-Wei Yi, Li Gu, and Run-Ying Zeng. "Shewanella mangrovi sp. nov., an acetaldehyde-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_8 (August 1, 2015): 2630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000313.

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A taxonomic study was carried out on strain YQH10T, which was isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Zhangzhou, China during the screening of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria. Cells of strain YQH10T were Gram-stain-negative rods and pale brown-pigmented. Growth was observed at salinities from 0 to 11 % and at temperatures from 4 to 42 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YQH10T is affiliated to the genus Shewanella, showing the highest similarity with Shewanella haliotis DW01T (95.7 %) and other species of the genus Shewanella (91.4–95.6 %). The principal fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA had a G+C content of 48.3 mol%. Strain YQH10T can completely degrade 0.02 % (w/v) acetaldehyde on 2216E at 28 °C within 48 h. Based on these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain YQH10T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YQH10T ( = MCCC 1A00830T = JCM 30121T).
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Zhang, Jinwei, and J. Grant Burgess. "Shewanella electrodiphila sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Mid-Atlantic Ridge deep-sea sediments." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_9 (September 1, 2015): 2882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000345.

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Strains MAR441T and MAR445 were isolated from Mid-Atlantic Ridge sediments from a depth of 2734 m, and were found to belong to the genus Shewanella. The strains were rod-shaped, pigmented, non-motile and capable of anaerobic growth either by fermentation of carbohydrates or by anaerobic respiration. The strains utilized a variety of electron acceptors, including nitrate and ferric compounds, and could utilize peptone when grown anaerobically in a two-chambered microbial fuel cell, which used carbon cloth electrodes and delivered a stable power output of ∼150–200 mW m− 2. The major fatty acids were typical of the genus Shewanella, with major components C13 : 0, iso-C13 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c and C20 : 5ω3 fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strains MAR441T and MAR445 was 42.4 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains MAR441T and MAR445 were most closely related to Shewanella olleyana (sequence similarities 97.9 % to the type strain). DNA–DNA hybridization demonstrated only 15.6–37.2 % relatedness between strain MAR441T and the type strains of related species of the genus Shewanella. Phenotypic characteristics confirmed that these isolates constituted a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella electrodiphila sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MAR441T ( = ATCC BAA-2408T = DSM 24955T).
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Chen, Li, Hao Yu, Shengping Yang, Yunfang Qian, and Jing Xie. "Study on the Mechanism of Cold Tolerance of the Strain Shewanella putrefaciens WS13 Through Fatty Acid Metabolism." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3055.

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In order to investigate the cold tolerance mechanism of Shewanella, the whole genome of strain Shewanella putrefaciens WS13 was used to study the comparative genome related to cold tolerance of Shewanella . By comparing and analyzing the key enzymes involved in the process of lipid synthesis with those of other psychrophilic and non-psychrophilic bacteria, the results showed that in S. putrefaciens WS13, the genes fabA, fabB, fabD, fabF, fabG, fabH and fabZ, as the key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis, were found in the target strain, but the gene fabI did not exist in the type II fatty acid synthesis pathway. However, due to the absence of the key enzyme fabI gene, the synthesis process of saturated fatty acids will be blocked, and the pathway of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis still exists, which leads to the bacteria Shewanella start to synthesize a large number of unsaturated fatty acids, thus increasing the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of saturated fatty acids. It is precisely because unsaturated fatty acids have lower phase transition temperature than that saturated fatty acids have, which can increase the fluidity of biofilm, so that Shewanella has better cold adaptability than that other bacteria have. It is a complex biological process for microorganisms to adapt to the environment, and the biosynthesis of fatty acids is only one aspect. However, the mechanism of cold adaptation of Shewanella in other aspects remains to be further discussed.
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Xu, Meiying, Jun Guo, Yinghua Cen, Xiaoyan Zhong, Wei Cao, and Guoping Sun. "Shewanella decolorationis sp. nov., a dye-decolorizing bacterium isolated from activated sludge of a waste-water treatment plant." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63157-0.

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A highly efficient dye-decolorizing bacterium, strain S12T, was isolated from activated sludge of a textile-printing waste-water treatment plant in Guangzhou, China. The cells were Gram-negative and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The strain was capable of anaerobic growth either by fermentation of glucose or by anaerobic respiration and utilized a variety of electron acceptors, including nitrate, iron oxide and thiosulfate. The physiological properties, tested by using the Biolog GN2 system, were similar to those of the genus of Shewanella. Analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain S12T showed the highest similarity (98 and 97 %, respectively) to Shewanella baltica and Shewanella putrefaciens. However, the level of gyrB similarity between strain S12T and S. putrefaciens was 87 %. DNA from strain S12T showed 41·8 and 41·9 % DNA relatedness, respectively, to the DNA of S. baltica DSM 9439T and S. putrefaciens DSM 6067T. The DNA G+C content of strain S12T was 49·3 mol%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The dominant fatty acids were 15 : 0, 16 : 0, iso-15 : 0 and 16 : 1ω7c, similar to the profiles of other Shewanella species. On the basis of its physiological and molecular properties, strain S12T appears to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella decolorationis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S12T (=CCTCC M 203093T=IAM 15094T).
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Simpson, Philippa J. L., David J. Richardson, and Rachel Codd. "The periplasmic nitrate reductase in Shewanella: the resolution, distribution and functional implications of two NAP isoforms, NapEDABC and NapDAGHB." Microbiology 156, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.034421-0.

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In the bacterial periplasm, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite is catalysed by a periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) system, which is a species-dependent assembly of protein subunits encoded by the nap operon. The reduction of nitrate catalysed by NAP takes place in the 90 kDa NapA subunit, which contains a Mo-bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor and one [4Fe−4S] iron–sulfur cluster. A review of the nap operons in the genomes of 19 strains of Shewanella shows that most genomes contain two nap operons. This is an unusual feature of this genus. The two NAP isoforms each comprise three isoform-specific subunits – NapA, a di-haem cytochrome NapB, and a maturation chaperone NapD – but have different membrane-intrinsic subunits, and have been named NAP-α (NapEDABC) and NAP-β (NapDAGHB). Sixteen Shewanella genomes encode both NAP-α and NAP-β. The genome of the vigorous denitrifier Shewanella denitrificans OS217 encodes only NAP-α and the genome of the respiratory nitrate ammonifier Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 encodes only NAP-β. This raises the possibility that NAP-α and NAP-β are associated with physiologically distinct processes in the environmentally adaptable genus Shewanella.
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Pandit, RahulT, ChelseyA Bravenec, and HilaryA Beaver. "Shewanella algae keratitis." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 67, no. 1 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_617_18.

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KIM, Dae-Hyun, and Sung-Woo PARK. "A Shewanella putrefaciens infection in cultured Mud Loach (Misgurnus mizolepis)." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 29, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 1203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2017.29.4.1203.

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Yoon, Jung-Hoon, Soo-Hwan Yeo, In-Gi Kim, and Tae-Kwang Oh. "Shewanella marisflavi sp. nov. and Shewanella aquimarina sp. nov., slightly halophilic organisms isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63198-0.

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Two Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms, strains SW-117T and SW-120T, were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T simultaneously contained both menaquinones (MK) and ubiquinones (Q) as isoprenoid quinones; the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The major fatty acid detected in the two strains was iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strains SW-117T and SW-120T was 51 and 54 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains SW-117T and SW-120T fall within the radiation of the cluster comprising Shewanella species. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97·4 % and a DNA–DNA relatedness level of 10·1 %. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 93·8–98·5 % and 92·4–97·0 %, respectively, to Shewanella species. Strain SW-117T exhibited DNA–DNA relatedness levels of 8·3–20·3 % to the type strains of six phylogenetically related Shewanella species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strains SW-117T and SW-120T were classified in the genus Shewanella as two distinct novel species, for which the names Shewanella marisflavi sp. nov. (type strain, SW-117T=KCCM 41822T=JCM 12192T) and Shewanella aquimarina sp. nov. (type strain, SW-120T=KCCM 41821T=JCM 12193T) are proposed, respectively.
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Yun, Bo-Ram, Sunjoo Park, Min-Kyeong Kim, Jisun Park, and Seung Bum Kim. "Shewanella saliphila sp. nov., Shewanella ulleungensis sp. nov. and Shewanella litoralis sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002929.

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32

Bujak, Katarzyna, Przemyslaw Decewicz, Joanna M. Rosinska, and Monika Radlinska. "Genome Study of a Novel Virulent Phage vB_SspS_KASIA and Mu-like Prophages of Shewanella sp. M16 Provides Insights into the Genetic Diversity of the Shewanella Virome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 11070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011070.

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Shewanella is a ubiquitous bacterial genus of aquatic ecosystems, and its bacteriophages are also isolated from aquatic environments (oceans, lakes, ice, and wastewater). In this study, the isolation and characterization of a novel virulent Shewanella phage vB_SspS_KASIA and the identification of three prophages of its host, Shewanella sp. M16, including a mitomycin-inducible Mu-like siphovirus, vB_SspS_MuM16-1, became the starting point for comparative analyses of phages infecting Shewanella spp. and the determination of their position among the known bacterial viruses. A similarity networking analysis revealed the high diversity of Shewanella phages in general, with vB_SspS_KASIA clustering exclusively with Colwellia phage 9A, with which it forms a single viral cluster composed of two separate viral subclusters. Furthermore, vB_SspS_MuM16-1 presented itself as being significantly different from the phages deposited in public databases, expanding the diversity of the known Mu-like phages and giving potential molecular markers for the identification of Mu-like prophages in bacterial genomes. Moreover, the functional analysis performed for vB_SspS_KASIA suggested that, despite the KASIA host, the M16 strain grows better in a rich medium and at 30 °C the phage replication cycle seems to be optimal in restrictive culture conditions mimicking their natural environment, the Zloty Stok gold and arsenic mine.
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Li, Zhi, Jun Zhao, Bianhua Liu, Linlin Yang, Guangmei Han, Fan Yang, Shuai Han, Zhenyang Wang, and Zhongping Zhang. "Graphene oxide composite membrane accelerates organic pollutant degradation by Shewanella bacteria." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 1037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.285.

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Abstract Degradation of various organic pollutants by bacteria has been proved to be an economical and environmentally friendly method. The key challenge in making these technologies widely available is their low degradation efficiency. Here, we report a composite membrane composed of graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PVA) which can markedly enhance the efficiency and rate of Shewanella bacteria to degrade Congo red (CR). The degradation efficiency of Shewanella bacteria alone on CR solution was about 42% at 72 h. After the addition of the GO-PVA membrane, the degradation efficiency reached 91% at the degradation time at 36 h. The degradation efficiency of CR was increased by two times and the degradation rate was increased by four times in the presence of GO-PVA membrane and Shewanella bacteria compared to Shewanella bacteria alone. This indicates that the CR could be rapidly and completely degraded by increasing the input amounts of GO-PVA membrane in the process of Shewanella algae degradation of CR. Moreover, the GO-PVA membrane showed good recyclability and reusability. The biocatalysts performance of the GO-PVA membrane did not decrease after 10 cycles. Furthermore, the role of the GO-PVA membrane in the degradation process and the degradation products of CR were discussed.
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Lassak, Jürgen, Anna-Lena Henche, Lucas Binnenkade, and Kai M. Thormann. "ArcS, the Cognate Sensor Kinase in an Atypical Arc System of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 10 (March 26, 2010): 3263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00512-10.

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ABSTRACT The availability of oxygen is a major environmental factor for many microbes, in particular for bacteria such as Shewanella species, which thrive in redox-stratified environments. One of the best-studied systems involved in mediating the response to changes in environmental oxygen levels is the Arc two-component system of Escherichia coli, consisting of the sensor kinase ArcB and the cognate response regulator ArcA. An ArcA ortholog was previously identified in Shewanella, and as in Escherichia coli, Shewanella ArcA is involved in regulating the response to shifts in oxygen levels. Here, we identified the hybrid sensor kinase SO_0577, now designated ArcS, as the previously elusive cognate sensor kinase of the Arc system in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Phenotypic mutant characterization, transcriptomic analysis, protein-protein interaction, and phosphotransfer studies revealed that the Shewanella Arc system consists of the sensor kinase ArcS, the single phosphotransfer domain protein HptA, and the response regulator ArcA. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that HptA might be a relict of ArcB. Conversely, ArcS is substantially different with respect to overall sequence homologies and domain organizations. Thus, we speculate that ArcS might have adopted the role of ArcB after a loss of the original sensor kinase, perhaps as a consequence of regulatory adaptation to a redox-stratified environment.
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Toffin, Laurent, Adeline Bidault, Patricia Pignet, Brian J. Tindall, Alexander Slobodkin, Chiaki Kato, and Daniel Prieur. "Shewanella profunda sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment of the Nankai Trough." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 1943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03007-0.

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A novel piezotolerant, mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, organotrophic, polarly flagellated bacterium (strain LT13aT) was isolated from a deep sediment layer in the Nankai Trough (Leg 190, Ocean Drilling Program) off the coast of Japan. This organism used a wide range of organic substrates as sole carbon and energy sources: pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, fumarate, lactate, citrate, peptone and tryptone. Oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, ferric iron and cystine were used as electron acceptors. Maximal growth rates were observed at a hydrostatic pressure of 10 MPa. Hydrostatic pressure for growth was in the range 0·1–50 MPa. Predominant cellular fatty acids were 16 : 1ω7c, 15 : 0 iso, 16 : 0 and 13 : 0 iso. The G+C content of the DNA was 44·9 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain LT13aT was shown to belong to the γ-Proteobacteria, being closely related to Shewanella putrefaciens (98 %), Shewanella oneidensis (97 %) and Shewanella baltica (96 %). Levels of DNA homology between strain LT13aT and S. putrefaciens, S. oneidensis and S. baltica were <20 %, indicating that strain LT13aT represents a novel species. Genetic evidence and phenotypic characteristics showed that isolate LT13aT constitutes a novel species of the genus Shewanella. Because of the deep origin of the strain, the name Shewanella profunda sp. nov. is proposed, with LT13aT (=DSM 15900T=JCM 12080T) as the type strain.
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Gao, Haichun, Anna Obraztova, Nathan Stewart, Radu Popa, James K. Fredrickson, James M. Tiedje, Kenneth H. Nealson, and Jizhong Zhou. "Shewanella loihica sp. nov., isolated from iron-rich microbial mats in the Pacific Ocean." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64354-0.

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A novel marine bacterial strain, PV-4T, isolated from a microbial mat located at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, has been characterized. This micro-organism is orangey in colour, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic and psychrotolerant (temperature range, 0–42 °C). No growth was observed with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor and lactate as the electron donor. The major fatty acid detected in strain PV-4T was iso-C15 : 0. Strain PV-4T had ubiquinones consisting mainly of Q-7 and Q-8, and possessed menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 53.8 mol% and the genome size was about 4.5 Mbp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed PV-4T within the genus Shewanella. PV-4T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 99.6 and 97.5 %, respectively, with respect to the type strains of Shewanella aquimarina and Shewanella marisflavi. DNA from strain PV-4T showed low mean levels of relatedness to the DNAs of S. aquimarina (50.5 %) and S. marisflavi (8.5 %). On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, the bacterium was classified in the genus Shewanella within a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella loihica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PV-4T (=ATCC BAA-1088T=DSM 17748T).
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Castillo, Daniel, Lone Gram, and Frank E. Dailey. "Complete Genome Sequence of Shewanella sp. WE21, a Rare Isolate with Multiple Novel Large Genomic Islands." Genome Announcements 6, no. 16 (April 19, 2018): e00277-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00277-18.

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ABSTRACT We present here the whole-genome sequence of Shewanella sp. WE21, an unusual omega-3 fatty acid-producing bacterium isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of the freshwater fish Sander vitreus (walleye). This genome contains a number of unique, large genomic islands with genes not present in other Shewanella bacteria.
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38

Kim, Duwoon, Keun Sik Baik, Mi Sun Kim, Bok-Mi Jung, Tai-Sun Shin, Gyu-Hwa Chung, Moon Soo Rhee, and Chi Nam Seong. "Shewanella haliotis sp. nov., isolated from the gut microflora of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 2926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65257-0.

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A motile, rod-shaped, pink–orange pigmented bacterium, designated strain DW01T, was isolated from the gut microflora of abalone collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (17.7 %), C16 : 0 (13.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c (12.5 %) and C17 : 1 ω8c (10.7 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DW01T forms a lineage of the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (98.3 % sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Shewanella (91.0–94.9 %). The phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data indicate that strain DW01T should be distinguished from S. algae ATCC 51192T. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain DW01T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DW01T (=KCTC 12896T=JCM 14758T).
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39

Korenevsky, Anton A., Evgeny Vinogradov, Yuri Gorby, and Terry J. Beveridge. "Characterization of the Lipopolysaccharides and Capsules of Shewanella spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 9 (September 2002): 4653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.9.4653-4657.2002.

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ABSTRACT Electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver staining and 1H, 13C, and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to detect and characterize the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of several Shewanella species. Many expressed only rough LPS; however, approximately one-half produced smooth LPS (and/or capsular polysaccharides). Some LPSs were affected by growth temperature with increased chain length observed below 25°C. Maximum LPS heterogeneity was found at 15 to 20°C. Thin sections of freeze-substituted cells revealed that Shewanella oneidensis, S. algae, S. frigidimarina, and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 possessed either O-side chains or capsular fringes ranging from 20 to 130 nm in thickness depending on the species. NMR detected unusual sugars in S. putrefaciens CN32 and S. algae BrYDL. It is possible that the ability of Shewanella to adhere to solid mineral phases (such as iron oxides) could be affected by the composition and length of surface polysaccharide polymers. These same polymers in S. algae may also contribute to this opportunistic pathogen's ability to promote infection.
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40

Shanmuganathan, Malini, Bak Leong Goh, Christopher Lim, Zakaria NorFadhlina, and Ibrahim Fairol. "Shewanella algaePeritonitis in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 36, no. 5 (September 2016): 574–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2015.00287.

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Patients with peritonitis present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and turbid peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid. Shewanella algae peritonitis has not yet been reported in PD patients in the literature. We present the first 2 cases of Shewanella algae peritonitis in PD patients. Mupirocin cream is applied on the exit site as prophylactic antibiotic therapy.
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41

Yilmaz, Gurdal, Kemalettin Aydin, Devrim Bektas, Rahmet Caylan, Refik Caylan, and Iftihar Koksal. "Cerebellar abscess and meningitis, caused by Shewanella putrefaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae, associated with chronic otitis media." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47044-0.

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Shewanella putrefaciens is a facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative, non-fermentative bacterium. It is found in various environments and has been isolated worldwide. S. putrefaciens is a rare cause of brain abscesses and meningitis. This is a case report of a cerebellar abscess and meningitis caused by Shewanella putrefaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a river trap fisherman.
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42

Semple, Kathleen M., James L. Doran, and D. W. S. Westlake. "DNA relatedness of oil-field isolates of Shewanella putrefaciens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-153.

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Classification of several oil-field isolates of Shewanella putrefaciens was assessed by nucleic acid hybridization techniques. The results of DNA – DNA hybridization analysis generally confirmed the phenetic characterization of these isolates and supported the classification of oil-field isolates of S. putrefaciens groups 1, 3, and 4. However, two group 2 isolates were considered to be mistakenly classified. Strain ESSO 1-1 appeared to belong to group 3, a result which was supported by the pattern of 5S rRNA hybridization to restriction digests of genomic DNA, and strain 213 appeared to be a member of group 1. Several of the oil-field strains of S. putrefaciens were found to possess indigenous plasmids, a feature which was not shared by the other strains of S. putrefaciens examined. This study indicates mat these oil-field isolates were more closely related to strains of S. putrefaciens isolated from various environments than to the other Shewanella species (S. benthica and S. hanedai) that shared the important metabolic characteristics of iron reduction and sulfide production from thiosulfate. There was very little genetic relationship found between Shewanella spp. and the other species studied.Key words: Shewanella putrefaciens, DNA relatedness, oil-field iron reduction, sulfide production, taxonomy.
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43

Verma, Pankaj, Prashant Kumar Pandey, Arvind Kumar Gupta, Ho Jun Kim, Keun Sik Baik, Chi Nam Seong, Milind Shivaji Patole, and Yogesh Shreepad Shouche. "Shewanella indica sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the Arabian Sea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.026310-0.

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A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, motile by means of a single polar flagellum and designated strain KJW27T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Karwar jetty, west coast of India. The strain was β-haemolytic and grew with 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl, at 10–45 °C and at pH 6.5–10, with optimum growth with 2 % (w/v) NaCl, at 37 °C and at pH 7.5. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (21 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c; 10.2 %), C16 : 0 (7.1 %), iso-C13 : 0 (5.6 %) and C17 : 0 (4.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 51.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain KJW27T forms a lineage within the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (98.8 %), Shewanella haliotis DW01T (98.8 %) and Shewanella chilikensis JC5T (98.2 %). Sequence identity with other members of this genus ranges from 92.2 to 96.4 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain KJW27T with S. algae ATCC 51192T, S. haliotis DW01T and S. chilikensis JC5T was 52, 44 and 33 %, respectively. The phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data indicate that strain KJW27T should be distinguished from S. algae ATCC 51192T, S. haliotis DW01T and S. chilikensis JC5T. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain KJW27T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJW27T ( = KCTC 23171T = BCC 41031T = NCIM 5388T).
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44

Kim, So-Jeong, Soo-Je Park, Yong-Sik Oh, Sang-Ah Lee, Kee-Sun Shin, Dong-Hyun Roh, and Sung-Keun Rhee. "Shewanella arctica sp. nov., an iron-reducing bacterium isolated from Arctic marine sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_5 (May 1, 2012): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.031401-0.

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Two strains of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, which could couple lactate oxidation to iron reduction for energy conservation, were isolated from Arctic marine sediment. The strains, IR12T and IR26, were both Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and facultative anaerobes. Their cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of a polar flagellum. Both strains grew in the presence of 0.5–3.5 % (w/v) NaCl, with an absolute requirement for Na+. Both were psychrotolerant since they could grow at 4-28 °C but had an optimum growth temperature of 20 °C. Both grew at pH 4.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). The major fatty acids of strains IR12T and IR26 were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains IR12T and IR26 belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and were most closely related to Shewanella vesiculosa M7T, Shewanella livingstonensis NF22T and Shewanella frigidimarina ACAM 591T (with 98.5 and 98.8 %, 98.5 and 98.8 %, and 98.5 and 98.8 % sequence similarities, respectively). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains IR12T and IR26 were 40.0 and 40.3 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness data indicated that the two novel strains represented a single species that was distinct from S. vesiculosa M7T, S. livingstonensis NF22T and S. frigidimarina ACAM 591T. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the two new strains represent a single novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IR12T ( = KCTC 23109T = JCM 16723T).
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45

Park, Hye Yoon, and Che Ok Jeon. "Shewanella aestuarii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a tidal flat." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.055178-0.

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A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain SC18T, was isolated from a tidal flat of Suncheon bay in South Korea. Cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of a polar flagellum. Cells were catalase-, oxidase- and β-haemolysis-positive. Growth was observed at 4–37 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids. Strain SC18T contained Q-7, Q-8, MK-7 and MMK-7 as the dominant respiratory quinones and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrase B (gyrB) gene sequences showed that strain SC18T formed a tight phyletic lineage with members of the genus Shewanella . Strain SC18T was related most closely to Shewanella denitrificans OS217T (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Shewanella gaetbuli TF-27T (97.1 %), but the DNA–DNA relatedness levels between strain SC18T and the type strains of S. denitrificans and S. gaetbuli were 18.3±2.8 and 22.5±1.6 % (mean±sd), respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain SC18T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC18T ( = KACC 16187T = JCM 17801T).
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46

Brink, A. J., A. van Straten, and A. J. van Rensburg. "Shewanella (Pseudomonas) putrefaciens Bacteremia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.5.1327.

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47

Leong, James, Mansur Mirkazemi, and Frank Kimble. "Shewanella Putrefaciens Hand Infection." ANZ Journal of Surgery 70, no. 11 (November 21, 2000): 816–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01962.x.

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48

Ivanova, E. P., T. Sawabe, N. M. Gorshkova, V. I. Svetashev, V. V. Mikhailov, D. V. Nicolau, and R. Christen. "Shewanella japonica sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-3-1027.

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49

Bhandari, Sunil, Terry L. T. Pan, John Horvath, and David Tiller. "CAPD, swimming in Shewanella." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/15.9.1484.

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50

Constant, Jonathan, Ivan Chernev, and Eric Gomez. "Shewanella putrefaciens infective endocarditis." Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18, no. 6 (November 2014): 686–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.06.001.

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