Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shells, Concrete – Design and construction

Academic literature on the topic 'Shells, Concrete – Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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Qahorov, K. Q., O. E. Sysoev, and E. O. Sysoev. "Influence of Class of Concrete on Oscillations of Thin-Wall Cylindrical Reinforced Concrete Shells." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.59.

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Thin-walled cylindrical shell made of reinforced concrete, is widely used in the construction of buildings and structures as coatings and forms of architecture of buildings. Thin-walled shell its shape can give entertainment to the architectural design of buildings, and their rigidity helps to block large spans, creating more closure of the room without additional supports. Another advantage of using cloud forms of structures is the efficiency of this design, since for the manufacture of shell forms of structures less construction material is spent than any other design for coating. The purpose of theoretical calculations and the studied excrement over reinforced concrete shells with different elastic modules, is to ensure reliability in the operation of buildings and structures, and to exclude accidents arising resonance phenomena of free vibrations of the shells from the effects of external forces (loads). On the basis of the laboratories of Komsomolsk-on-Amur state University in the laboratory of building materials and structures, experimental studies were conducted to determine the spectra of forced and free vibrations of the reinforced concrete shell with different elastic modules. The purpose of research on reinforced concrete shells is to determine the oscillation frequencies at different locations of the combined masses. The article deals with the theoretical calculation based on the equation of the theory of flat thin-walled shells, using the Bubnov-Galerkin method, by which we determine how the parameters of the shell affect the process of free oscillation.
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Camba, Carolina, José Luis Mier, Luis Carral, María Isabel Lamas, José Carlos Álvarez, Ana-María Díaz-Díaz, and Javier Tarrío-Saavedra. "Erosive Degradation Study of Concrete Augmented by Mussel Shells for Marine Construction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101087.

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This work proposes a green material for artificial reefs to be placed in Galicia (northwest Spain) taking into account the principles of circular economy and sustainability of the ecosystem. New concrete formulations for marine applications, based on cement and/or sand replacement by mussel shells, are analyzed in terms of resistance to abrasion. The interest lies in the importance of the canning industry of Galicia, which generates important quantities of shell residues with negative environmental consequences. Currently, the tests to determine the abrasion erosion resistance of concrete on hydraulic structures involve large and complex devices. According to this, an experimental test has been proposed to estimate and compare the wear resistance of these concretes and, consequently, to analyze the environmental performance of these structures. First, a numerical analysis validated with experimental data was conducted to design the test. Subsequently, experimental tests were performed using a slurry tank in which samples with conventional cement and sand were partially replaced by mussel shell. The abrasive erosion effect of concrete components was analyzed by monitoring the mass loss. It shows an asymptotic trend with respect to time that has been modeled by Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and nonlinear regression models. The results were compared to concrete containing only conventional cement and sand. Replacing sand and/or cement by different proportions of mussel shells has not significantly reduced the resistance of concrete against erosive degradation, except for the case where a high amount of sand (20 wt.%) is replaced. Its resistance against the erosive abrasion is increased, losing between 0.1072 and 0.0310 wt.% lower than common concrete. In all the remaining cases (replacements of the 5–10 wt.% of sand and cement), the effect of mussel replacement on erosive degradation is not significant. These results encourage the use of mussel shells in the composition of concrete, taking into account that we obtain the same degradation properties, even more so considering an important residue in the canning industry (and part of the seabed) that can be valorized.
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Caluk, Nerma, Islam M. Mantawy, and Atorod Azizinamini. "Cyclic Test of Concrete Bridge Column Utilizing Ultra-High Performance Concrete Shell." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (February 2020): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120906088.

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Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a durable material that can be used in constructing new and unique structural elements. This research utilizes UHPC to construct prefabricated shells that act as stay-in-place forms for bridge columns and eliminate the use of traditional formwork. These innovative structural elements reduce the on-site construction time, improve the structural performance of the column, and act as a protective layer in aggressive environments. Generally, during the construction process, the prefabricated UHPC shell is placed around the column reinforcement, which is fabricated using conventional methods. To connect the UHPC shell and column reinforcement with the footing and footing dowels, a step made of UHPC is utilized. The UHPC step connection is designed to shift the plastic hinge away from the column-to-footing interface. In the next stage, normal concrete is cast inside the shell, forming a concrete-filled UHPC shell. The final stage of construction involves placing and connecting a prefabricated cap-beam using the same UHPC step connection. The column specimen was tested under constant axial load and incremental lateral load. In this test, the UHPC shell cracked on the north side at a drift ratio of 3%; however, the column had a significant capacity and behaved similarly to a conventional reinforced concrete column during higher cycles of drift ratios. The test was completed after the column had reached a drift ratio of 7.5% when the first bar ruptured. No damage occurred in the footing and UHPC step which proved that the design was successful in shifting the plastic hinge away from the column-to-footing interface.
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Petzoldt, Carolin, Sandra Gelbrich, Meike Röhrkohl, Christian Müller, Johannes Freund, and Lothar Kroll. "Textile Reinforced Lightweight Shells." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.319.

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Modern architecture is dominated by the tendency to design organically shaped filigree buildings. The resource and energy efficient construction of multifunctional buildings is as important as a broad variety of possible shapes. Multi-material support structures and shell constructions in lightweight design that also take over e. g. lighting and monitoring are needed for these purposes. Textile reinforced lightweight shell structures have been developed at Technische Universität Chemnitz within the scope of research projects. They consist of a hybrid material from carbon-fiber-reinforced concrete and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic. Thanks to the coupling of the positive material characteristics, the combination of two different composite materials results in a hybrid material with a total thickness of 15 mm, which has a high fatigue strength (XF4) and surface quality (exposed concrete). Furthermore, the hybrid is characterized by excellent compressive strength (120 MPa) and bending tensile strength (150 MPa), low susceptibility to corrosion and free formability. Therefore, it is highly suitable for thin-walled filigree lightweight shell structures. A research pavilion with a size of 4 x 4 x 3 m3 (l x w x h), made from textile reinforced lightweight shells, was built on the campus of TU Chemnitz, to test the theoretical investigations. Specially developed tensile sensors for the active lighting and determination of the elongations were integrated into the different layers. This aimed at an online-monitoring of the shell support structure.
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Moreyra Garlock, Maria E., and Branko Glisic. "Thin Shell Concrete Structures of Félix Candela and Max Borges Jr." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.031.

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Max Borges Jr. (1918 – 2009) was an architect of thin shell concrete structures in Cuba in the 1950's. During this time, Félix Candela (1910 – 1997) owned a construction company that was dedicated to the design and construction of thin shells. Candela also owned an international reputation as a designer of thin shells in the hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) form. The two men worked together for the first time on a project in Mexico City in 1954, and since then collaborated on several more, most of them in Cuba. This paper illustrates the architect – engineer relationship between Borges and Candela and documents the collaborative projects between them. The research grew out of a course co-taught by the authors, where the course was inspired by the style of teaching of David Billington (1927 – 2018) that integrates engineering with the humanities. Billington believed in scholarship based on historical studies and documentation of heritage structures. This paper is in tribute to this great man who continues to inspire.
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Kovářík, Michal, Pavel Svoboda, and Henri Hubertus Achten. "Limits and Potential of 3D Printing Technologies for Construction of Concrete Shells." Solid State Phenomena 292 (June 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.292.249.

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Concrete shells are a very effective type of building structures due to their ability to bridge large spans with minimal construction thickness. This type of building structures built on the medieval vaulting techniques and, regarding the use of reinforced concrete over the last 100 years, it has overcome the limitations of the masonry vaulting technologies and enabled to increase the span of structures to tens of meters. The construction technology to realize concrete shells using monolithic casting into formwork is besides abovementioned advantages characterized by high labour and thanks to the cost and manufacturing intensity of double curved formwork panels it allows economical realization of only selected structural geometries. Its considerable limitation is, besides the costly production of double curvature formwork, also the laborious installation of formwork and falsework structures. The solution seems to be in line with the upcoming transition to Construction 4.0 robotizing the construction technology of shells that could create a similar increase in productivity and design possibilities as was the technological transition between vaults and shells. One of the promising technologies of robotic production seems to be digital fabrication methods and, in particular, 3D printing or in other words additive manufacturing. This wasteless technology, which has been used to date for experimental projects mainly for the realization of vertical bearing structures, has, despite the first attempts at realizing vaults, a number of technological limitations. In this article, authors aim to summarize and indicate possible constraints of on site 3D printing of domes. They further indicate the possible ways to overcome these limitations and suggest two different means of on site 3D printing of hemispherical dome and the dome based on the catenary profile using extrusion nozzles with different profiles. Finally they discuss the Eurocode requirements for concrete shells and suggest technological solutions for on site 3D printed shells in terms of structural reinforcement.
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Krivoshapko, Sergey N. "Shell structures and shells at the beginning of the 21st century." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 17, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2021-17-6-553-561.

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Researchers know that golden century of shells falls on 1920-1960 when the finishing of building of a thin-walled shell became an important event in life of country where this shell was erected. Every built shell was analyzed in tens of scientific works with a point of view of used method of analysis, applied constructive materials, cost of erection. Later on, an interest to thin-walled shells fell down. On the base of the fulfilled research in a paper, it is shown that application of shell structures is increasing in the 21st century because it was closely connected with needs of different branches of human activity. It is proved, that practically in all countries of the world, design and building of shell structures and shells was carried out. Only priority in application constructive materials changed. In the main, reinforced concrete was used earlier but now bar curvilinear structures, composite shells, and bar structures with the glass filling are in priority. It is shown that young and prominent architects and engineers tale part in construction of considered structures and thin-walled shells. All conclusions are confirmed by references containing 38 used original sources.
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Schnobrich, William C. "Design and construction of concrete shells, G. S. Ramaswamy, Robert E. Krieger Publishing." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23, no. 4 (April 1986): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230415.

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Vasudevan, Gunalaan, Hidayu Murni Abu Hussain, Noor Aina Misnon, and Faridah Hanim Khairuddin. "Effect of Alum Sludge (AS) and Palm Kernel Ash (PKA) with Coconut Shell as Partial Replacement of Aggregates." Materials Science Forum 1077 (December 15, 2022): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7lp1b2.

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At present, there is a high demand for concretes with varying properties. Generally, concrete with high durability can be produced by considering the constituents of the concrete, such as cement, sand, aggregates, and water. The quality of concrete is also dependent on the mix design and production method, such as transporting and pouring of concrete. In recent years, the developed countries have been focusing on the issue of sustainability in construction to create a healthier environment and reduce the environmental impact of a building throughout its lifetime while optimizing its economic viability and ensuring the comfort and safety of the occupants. One way to achieve sustainability is using agricultural waste material such as palm oil fuel ash, rice husk, fly ash slag, sludge, and coconut shell in concrete production. This study performs a series of tests to investigate the effect of using alum sludge (AS) and palm kernel ash (PKA) with coconut shells as a partial replacement of aggregates. The concrete samples were subjected to compressive strength, flexural strength, rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water permeability, water absorption, carbonation, alkali-silica reaction, SEM, and shrinkage tests.
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Gonzalez, Edwin, Giancarlo Di Marco, Cynthia Gonzalez, and Jessica Galindo. "Parametric Analysis of the Dome of the Sports Palace of Mexico City." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2021.004.

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The Sports Palace of Mexico City was built in 1968 and became a turning point in the design and construction of laminar shells, leading the transition from reinforced concrete to metallic grid structures. Felix Candela observed that the use of concrete in designing laminar structures was limited to achieve great spans for sport spaces; he thus changed his first proposal for using a concrete laminar shell to a metallic structure. However, in the first architectural conception of the metallic structure, a lighter cable structure was proposed respecting the built geometry, with the intent of using high-strength wires in the upper and lower chords of the arches. In this paper, three different proposals are modeled. The first uses a 3D modelled concrete shell for understanding the geometry. The others use the final geometry and are analyzed using advanced NURBS (Non-uniform rational Bspline) modeling techniques with Rhinoceros and a parametric design with Grasshopper, where the parameters and results obtained in previous tests are compared with the results obtained in the simulations. Paneling plugins, forces simulation add-ons, finite elements analysis and environmental design simulation tools in Grasshopper are used to compare the results under normal design conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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Alexandridis, Angelos. "Specifying tolerance limits for construction imperfection in reinforced concrete cooling tower shells." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5468.

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Gendron, Guy. "Optimal design of geodesically stiffened composite cylindrical shells." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134754/.

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Bostanci, Sevket Can. "Low carbon sustainable concrete design and construction." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/34545/.

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Ho, Ching-ming Johnny, and 何正銘. "Inelastic design of reinforced concrete beams and limited ductilehigh-strength concrete columns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27500305.

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Leung, Chun-yu Cliff, and 梁鎮宇. "Performance of in-situ concrete stitches in precast concrete segmentalbridges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617758.

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Multi-span precast concrete segmental bridges are commonly constructed using the balanced cantilever method, which essentially involves sequentially extending precast segments outwards from each pier in a balanced manner. A gap of 100 to 200 mm wide is usually provided around the mid-span location between the last two approaching segments to facilitate erection. In-situ concrete is then cast to ‘stitch’ the segments together, thus making the bridge deck continuous. In the current practice, the in-situ concrete stitches are usually designed to be capable of sustaining considerable sagging moment but only minimal hogging moment. Failure of stitches may occur under exceptional circumstances that may potentially trigger a progressive collapse. However, relatively little research in this area has been carried out. In view of this, the author is motivated to undertake an extensive study of the behaviour of in-situ concrete stitches and the effects of their performance on the robustness of typical segmental bridges. Experimental study is carried out to examine the behaviour of in-situ stitches under different combinations of internal forces. Series of stitch specimens of different configurations are tested. Subsequent parametric studies are conducted numerically to examine the effects of various parameters on the load-displacement characteristics of the stitches. Formulae for strength estimation are proposed based on the results. A study of robustness involves analyzing the collapse behaviour of a structure in an extreme event and the analysis should be carried out up to and then well beyond the state of peak strength of structural members. A finite element programme for post-peak analysis is therefore developed for the present study. As the ability of a member section to sustain large inelastic deformation can ultimately affect the robustness of a structure, an investigation is conducted to examine the effects of steel content, yield strength and prestressing level on the ductility and deformability of prestressed concrete sections. Using the programme developed, the formation of collapsing mechanisms of a multi-span segmental bridge deck in an extreme event is examined. A typical bridge deck is subject to prescribed accidental load on its span in order to analyze the sequence of failure. Substantial redistribution of internal forces along the deck is observed as failures initiate, thus causing subsequent failures of other deck sections even though they have been designed to resist the internal forces at the ultimate limit state. The results indicate that any span of a multispan bridge may become a temporary end-span in the event of collapse of an adjacent span and the strength of the sections must be designed accordingly to prevent progressive failure. As a span becomes a temporary end-span, the in-situ concrete stitches may experience substantial moment and shear, and their failure could potentially trigger progressive collapse of the entire bridge deck. Towards the end of the thesis, important design considerations that can enhance the performance of in-situ concrete stitches and robustness of precast concrete segmental bridges are presented.
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Civil Engineering
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Doctor of Philosophy
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Chai, Hsi-Wen. "Design and testing of self-compacting concrete." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317644/.

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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can flow into place and compact under its own weight into a uniform void free mass even in areas of congested reinforcement. The research reported in this thesis examined the production of SCC with readily available UK materials, with the overall aims of evaluating test methods and establishing a suitable mix design procedure. There have been significant recent developments and applications of SCC in several countries, notably Japan. A literature survey gave an understanding of the advantages and properties of SCC, test methods and the range of constituent materials and their relative proportions for its successful production. A range of SCC mixes can be produced with the common features of a lower aggregate content than conventional concrete and the use of superplasticizers. Most mixes also contained one or more of pulverized fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and an inert powder filler. A four stage experimental programme was carried out: *tests on pastes to assess the effect of the types and proportions of the powders and superplasticizers on the rheology. *tests on mortars to determine suitable dosage of superplasticizers for high fluidity, low segregation and low loss of workability with time after mixing. Flow spread and funnel tests were used. *tests on fresh concrete to enable suitable types and quantities of coarse aggregate to be combined with these mortars to produce SCC. Fluidity and viscosity were measured using slump flow and V-funnel tests, and passing ability using L- and U-type tests. Two-point workability tests were also carried out, and a novel way of assessing segregation resistance was developed. *tests on hardened concrete to determine compressive strength, bond to reinforcement and drying shrinkage. A mix design procedure, based on a method suggested by Japanese workers, has been developed. This includes optimisation of the mix with a linear optimisation tool from a commercial spreadsheet package.
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Foundoukos, Nickolaos. "Behaviour and design of steel-concrete-steel sandwich construction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8819.

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Nash, T. "The experimental behaviour of double skinned composite and reinforced concrete shells subjected to external hydrostatic pressure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383249.

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Navarro, Cota Juan Pedro Martin 1963. "DESIGN AND BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE SPACE TRUSSES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276505.

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A fully automated computer program is developed for the optimum design of steel space trusses acting compositely with a concrete slab placed on top. The program sizes the truss members to meet the requirements of the load and resistance factor design specification of the American Institute of Steel Construction using the load combinations of ANSI. Earthquake loading is not considered. The optimum size is based on minimum cost, regarding the amount of welding required at the joints and of the member itself. The total cost is based on all steel work in the truss. Once the truss configuration has been defined, and it has been ensured that linear elastic behavior exists, the structure is analyzed for the construction process, to make sure that no overstressing will take place in any structural element at any time during construction and service. The analysis and design principles are presented and an actual design case is solved. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Joy, Westin T. "Concrete capacity design of the Cazaly hanger." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799711381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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Chatterjee, Binoy Kumar. Theory and design of concrete shells. London: Chapman and Hall, 1988.

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F, Limbrunner George, ed. Reinforced concrete design. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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F, Limbrunner George, ed. Reinforced concrete design. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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F, Limbrunner George, ed. Reinforced concrete design. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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Wang, Chu-Kia. Reinforced concrete design. 4th ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.

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Wang, Chu-Kia. Reinforced concrete design. 5th ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1992.

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Wang, Chu-Kia. Reinforced concrete design. 6th ed. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley, 1998.

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Prestressed concrete design. 2nd ed. London: E & FN Spon, 1998.

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O, Aghayere Abi, ed. Reinforced concrete design. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010.

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Wang, Chu-Kia. Reinforced concrete design. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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Soutsos, Marios, and Peter Domone. "Concrete mix design." In Construction Materials, 249–58. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-25.

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Mosley, W. H., J. H. Bungey, and R. Hulse. "Composite construction." In Reinforced Concrete Design, 350–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14911-7_13.

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Surahyo, Akhtar. "Errors in Design and Detailing." In Concrete Construction, 273–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10510-5_12.

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Salter, R. J. "Design of Concrete Pavements." In Highway Design and Construction, 105–40. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10067-5_4.

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Setareh, Mehdi, and Robert Darvas. "Metric System in Reinforced Concrete Design and Construction." In Concrete Structures, 591–605. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24115-9_10.

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Menn, Christian. "Design and Construction of Special Bridge Types." In Prestressed Concrete Bridges, 293–438. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9131-8_7.

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Olsen, Tor Ole. "Design of Marine Concrete Structures." In Innovative Materials and Techniques in Concrete Construction, 303–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1997-2_20.

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Han, Lin-Hai, Dennis Lam, and David A. Nethercot. "Construction." In Design Guide for Concrete-Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular Structures, 73–76. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429440410-6.

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Schrader, Ernest K., and William F. Swiger. "Concrete Dam Construction and Foundation Treatment." In Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation, 540–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0857-7_18.

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del Cueto Ruiz-Funes, J. I., and J. Antuña Bernardo. "Hypar concrete shells: A structural, geometric and constructive revolution in the mid-20th century." In History of Construction Cultures, 805. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173359-110.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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"Upgrading Reinforced Concrete Columns by Jacketing with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Sheets." In "SP-193: Repair, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Concrete Structures, and Innovations in Design and Construction - Pro". American Concrete Institute, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5840.

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Stout, Roger Paul. "Thermal Performance of a Monolithic Thin-Shell Concrete Dome." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32814.

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A 3,000 sq.ft., two-story monolithic thin-shell concrete dome custom home was constructed in 2005 in Mesa, AZ, by the author. This architectural construction style represents a small, but growing, commercial and residential market, one of whose selling points is energy efficiency. During the preliminary architectural design phase, the only anecdotal and case studies available to the author were mainly related to cold-weather climates. No technically adequate thermal performance studies were found for the opposite, high temperature extreme of climate conditions. To address this need, two models are developed and explored. First, a preliminary lumped-parameter model (initially created to lend technical credence to the exuberant claims of dome aficionados and provide rationalization for the custom home construction project), is compared with actual data collected at the dome during construction. Because the correlation is not very good, a second model based on thermal two-port transmission line theory, is developed. This model provides additional insight, and in particular, comparison with the actual data suggests that model verification will require a somewhat different approach to data collection itself (and to the manner in which the model is utilized). This is confirmed using a small set of subsequent trial data. Thermal models aside, actual utility consumption data for the dome is compared with two conventional block-construction homes in the same geographic locale, showing that the dome thermal performance, at least during the hot months of the year, provides a measurable advantage. Finally, it is shown how the transmission line model makes it very easy to explore the thermal effects of reversing the order of the primary material layers (insulation and concrete).
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Tej, Petr, Petr Kněž, and Jan Mourek. "Design of an Experimental Arch Pedestrian Bridge Made of UHPC." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.1347.

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This paper presents the design of an experimental arch pedestrian bridge made of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The structure is designed as a permanent single-span bridge. The span of the bridge structure is 10.00 m, the total width of shell structure is 0.03 m, and the clearance width of the bridge is 1.50 m. The main structure of the bridge is one prefabricated arch shell structure made of UHPC with dispersed steel fibers without conventional reinforcement. Simultaneously with the designing of the bridge, computer analyses were created in which optimization of the material and geometric parameters of the structure were carried out. The presentation on the conference will contain also production and assembly of the pedestrian bridge. The presentation will include also long-term monitoring of the specimen of the shell structure in 1:1 scale and finally experimentally obtained load bearing capacity of the specimen. Production and testing of the bridge is scheduled for July 2016.
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Patterson, Albert E., Bhaskar Vajipeyajula, and William R. Norris. "System Architecture and Design Parameters for Extrusion-Based Autonomous Construction Systems." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-93884.

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Abstract Autonomous construction systems (ACSs) have become a topic of great interest in recent years in a variety of areas, including design, materials science, architecture, space exploration, natural disaster recover, military operations, and others. Several different approaches have been proposed, the most promising (and so far most widely-applied) one being a large-scale system based on additive manufacturing (or 3-D printing) principles, where a concrete- or foam-based material is extruded in layers to produce a structure. This structure may be used as a basic shell around which a useful building, shelter, bridge, extraterrestrial habitat, or other infrastructure can be built or may be able to produce a full building in one operation. This article extracts information about the the major components, sub-systems, and interfaces in these systems from a broad sampling of published literature and uses this information to propose a quasi-general system architecture and identify design opportunities. These models can be used to drive further research efforts on these systems, assist with more agile implementation, and improve the design of large-scale 3-D printing-based systems. This work is a first step in the development of a reliable general system architecture similar to those used in the design of large-scale military and aerospace systems.
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Olipitz, Michael. "A universal UHPC shell element for consideration of future building with precast elements." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2280.

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<p>This article describes a technology of UHPC-precast elements (Ultra High Performance Concrete) from the idea to the concrete implementation and shows different possible applications. The development steps of the precast elements relate on the one hand the manufacturing up to the series product and on the other hand the joining technique of the elements. UHPC-prefabricated parts are joined using steel components. The bolted and/or tightened connections of the elements implement a later disassembly and thus a very sustainable use of UHPC- components in the sense of urban mining. The applications concern some examples of architectural objects where the first experiences with the production of UHPC-precast elements were made and which are shown in this article as an example. In the future UHPC-precast elements will play an important role in the field of civil engineering. A concrete prototype will be described and further developments will be shown. In civil engineering, in addition to the aspect of durability, the aesthetics, that results from the construction, play an essential role. It is therefore essential for the planning process of civil engineering structures to consider nature, ethics and aesthetics as equal value properties. The applications of UHPC- precast elements for building constructions are currently limited due to lower durability requirements. However ways are shown that allow meaningful applications. An economic application is given only when considering the overall life cycle. The aesthetics resulting from material-appropriate planning plays an essential role. In the future the consideration of good design will lead to creative construction products such as a universal shell element, which meets all the requirements of sustainable constructions.</p>
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Leyong, Wei, Yan Yonglun, Huang Liji, Ma Zeng, and Song Yingtong. "Overall Design of the Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0157.

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<p>This paper systematically introduces the overall design concept of the Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge. The main bridge is a three-tower cable-stayed bridge featuring a longitudinal diamond cable tower and dual central cable planes. The bridge span is designed to be a total of 80+218+600+600+218+80 = 1796m. A steel-shell composite cable tower design is adopted, with the main girder including a high-performance steel-coarse aggregate reactive powder concrete</p><p>（CA-RPC） composite girder structure. The cable tower uses cast-in-situ bored pile group foundations, and the stay cables are formed of steel strands. The south and north approach bridges use segmented prefabricated prestressed concrete box girders. The bridge over the river dyke uses a continuous box girder made of prestressed corrugated steel webs for the 78m span and the construction technology of segmented prefabrication has being used for the first time. Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge has become a classic engineering structure which not only environmentally-friendly, but also meets all requirements of industrial construction attributed to the application of a high-performance composite structure for the main bridge, as well as large-scale prefabricated assembly structures for approach bridges and bridges over river dykes.</p>
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Mola, Franco, Antonio Migliacci, Elena Mola, Alejandro Erick Antelo, and Riccardo Soffientini. "New construction ideas for special housing complexes." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0247.

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<p>The problems concerning the design, construction and use of buildings in a city environment or even other, less dense, environments, constitute a complex scenario in which various different disciplines are called to give their contribution: energy efficiency, reduction of the footprint, comfort, affordability and new living standards all play a key role in the design of new housing solutions. In the present paper, a new design idea is presented for the construction of buildings, capable of guaranteeing a high level of comfort for the users while safeguarding the surrounding territory. The proposed system, named GEODE, consists of a 120m diameter spherical steel or concrete structure with internal cores acting as shear-resistant elements. The shell contains five decks supported by mega-beams, on which 5-story high buildings can be erected, following design guidelines that have as a primary objective the preservation of high livability conditions. Among the defining characteristics of the system are its enhanced performance with respect to buildings of equal volume but different shape and the possibility of building the spherical shell using two different structural materials. These are distinctive features, which allow for the construction of small self-sufficient cities that synergically interact with their surrounding environment. In the present paper, an initial feasibility study is presented while the performance of different possible structural solutions, i.e. using R.C. or steel elements, are compared.</p>
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Ottevaere, Olivier. "Ruled Based Construction and the Materialization of a Line in Motion." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.36.

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From the work of the Architect and Engineer Felix Candela on Hyperbolic Paraboloid surfaces for thin shell construction, the paper retraces how ruled geometries, generalized by a sequence of rotating lines, directly regulate procedures of construction for concrete formwork, made of straight timber elements. From the conception of three timber structures, The Pinch, Sweep and Warp, it is discussed how such geometrical principles are further explored structurally, materially and spatially. Finally, a series of subsequent physical experiments are put forward in search of new shell topologies, generated solely from a moving line described by time and movement. For the timber structures, sequences of changing wooden trusses capture the movement of a line to support ruled decks performing as new active grounds. The results are a series of three small scalesocial programs: a library, a play area and a roadsidemarketplace. They were each built with students and with the helpof a local timber workshop, developing constructionmethods for adapting highly articulated geometriesto simple traditional techniques. Situated at the intersection of teaching and research, experimentation and on-site construction, complex geometry and local craftsmanship, these design-build projects engage with full scale construction in difficult sites through experiential learning.
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DANIELI, MOSHE. "CONSTRUCTION OF PRECAST CONCRETE SHELLS IN GEORGIA." In ERES 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eres170091.

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Danisˇka, Vladimir, Jozef Pri´trsky´, Frantisˇek Ondra, Matej Zachar, and Vladimi´r Necˇas. "Reuse of Conditional Released Materials From Decommissioning: A Review of Approaches and Scenarios With Long-Term Constructions." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59149.

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Paper presents the overall scope and actual results of the project for evaluation of representative scenarios for reuse of conditionally released materials from decommissioning. Aim of the project is to evaluate the possibilities of reuse of conditionally released steels and concrete in technical constructions which guarantee the long-term preservation of design properties over periods of 50–100 years. Interaction of conditionally released materials with public is limited and predictable due to design and purpose of selected constructions and due to fact that in many scenarios these materials are embedded in non-radioactive materials such as bars in reinforced concrete. Worker’s scenarios for preparation, operation and maintenance of these constructions are analysed in detail including the manufacturing of elements for these constructions. Project aims to evaluate the scenarios of reuse of conditionally released materials in a complex way in order to develop the data for designers of scenarios and to evaluate the volumes of conditionally released materials based on facility (to be decommissioned) inventory data. The long-term constructions considered are bridges, tunnels, roads, railway constructions, industrial buildings, power industry equipment and others. Evaluation covers following areas: • Analysis of activities for manufacturing of reinforcement bars, rolled steel sheets and other steel elements and analysis of activities for construction of evaluated scenarios in order to evaluate the external exposure of professionals performing these activities; • Analysis of external exposure of professionals involved in operation and maintenance of the long-term constructions; analysis of external exposure of public groups which are exposed to evaluated constructions; • Analysis of internal exposure of public groups from the radionuclides released from the evaluated scenarios based on models for migration of radionuclides from the long-term constructions to critical groups of public; • Based on evaluation of external and internal exposure both for public and workers, maximal concentration of individual radionuclides is defined for construction elements of evaluated scenarios, manufactured from conditionally released materials; • Evaluation of volumes of steels and concrete in the frame of a decommissioning project which fulfil the defined radioactivity concentration limits. Visiplan 4.0 3D ALARA software is used for evaluation of external exposure of professionals and public, GOLDSIM software for evaluation of internal exposure of public and OMEGA code for evaluation of volumes of conditionally releasable materials. Several other parallel papers proposed for ICEM 11 are presenting selected details of the project.
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Reports on the topic "Shells, Concrete – Design and construction"

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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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Grasty, R. L., and Y. B. Blanchard. The design, construction, and application of concrete models for calibrating borehole gamma-ray spectrometers. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193320.

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LaNier, M. W. LWST Phase I Project Conceptual Design Study: Evaluation of Design and Construction Approaches for Economical Hybrid Steel/Concrete Wind Turbine Towers; June 28, 2002 -- July 31, 2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15011444.

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Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su, and Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.

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Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete to overcome such issues and to enable better infrastructure quality. To this end, the self-healing cementitious composites (SHCC) investigated in this work could be a promising solution to the aforementioned problems. In this project, the team has designed a series of cementitious composites to investigate their mechanical performances and self-healing abilities. Firstly, various types of fibers were investigated for improving ductility of the designed SHCC. To enhance the self-healing of SHCC, we proposed and examined that the combination of the internal curing method with SHCC mixture design can further improve self-healing performance. Three types of internal curing agents were used on the SHCC mixture design, and their self-healing efficiency was evaluated by multiple destructive and non-destructive tests. Results indicated a significant improvement in the self-healing capacity with the incorporation of internal curing agents such as zeolite and lightweight aggregate. To control the fiber distribution and workability of the SHCC, the mix design was further adjusted by controlling rheology using different types of viscosity modifiers. The team also explored the feasibility of the incorporation of colloidal nano-silica into the mix design of SHCC. Results suggest that optimum amounts of nano-silica have positive influence on self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of the SHCC. Better hydration was also achieved by adding the nano-silica. The bonding strength of the SHCC with conventional concrete was also improved. At last, a standardized mixing procedure for the large scale SHCC was drafted and proposed.
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DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Performance Evaluation of Stabilized Support Layers for Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-003.

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A research investigation was conducted on the erosion potential of stabilized subbases under concrete pavements and asphalt layers supporting concrete overlays. Through field surveys and testing in Illinois, this project evaluated if existing concrete pavements with stabilized subbases and concrete overlays were exhibiting potential erosion of the underlying support layer. The field evaluation testing included falling weight deflectometer testing, distress surveys, coring, and ultrasonic tomography scanning. A laboratory performance test was also established using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device to assess the erodibility of the various stabilized subbase layers for new construction and existing asphalt layers available for a concrete overlay. The analyzed field test results were coupled together with the laboratory performance testing to provide recommendations for updating the Illinois Department of Transportation’s “Bureau of Design and Environment Manual” guidance. No changes were recommended for hot-mix asphalt stabilized subbases, but testing using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device should be considered for Portland cement concrete stabilized support layers (e.g., CAM II) under concrete pavements. For testing of asphalt support layers for concrete pavement overlays, the Hamburg wheel-tracking device is recommended with performance criteria similar to flexible pavements for appropriate functional classes.
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Roesler, Jeffery, Sachindra Dahal, Dan Zollinger, and W. Jason Weiss. Summary Findings of Re-engineered Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-011.

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This research project conducted laboratory testing on the design and impact of internal curing on concrete paving mixtures with supplementary cementitious materials and evaluated field test sections for the performance of crack properties and CRCP structure under environmental and FWD loading. Three experimental CRCP sections on Illinois Route 390 near Itasca, IL and two continuously reinforced concrete beams at UIUC ATREL test facilities were constructed and monitored. Erodibility testing was performed on foundation materials to determine the likelihood of certain combinations of materials as suitable base/subbase layers. A new post-tensioning system for CRCP was also evaluated for increased performance and cost-effectiveness. This report volume summarizes the three year research effort evaluating design, material, and construction features that have the potential for reducing the initial cost of CRCP without compromising its long-term performance.
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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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Thompson, Marshall, and David Lippert. Flexible Pavement Design (Full-depth Asphalt and Rubblization): A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-021.

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This report summarizes activities undertaken to support and ensure that the Illinois Department of Transportation utilizes the best demonstrated available technology for design and construction of full-depth hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements and HMA pavements on rubblized Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP). To achieve this goal, the researchers reviewed pavement design and special provisions for full-depth asphalt and rubblization projects as well as full-depth asphalt and rubblization project performance via condition surveys and deflection measurements. They also modified design inputs as needed from the review of literature and responded to specific issues related to full-depth asphalt and rubblization design and construction. The researchers studied 32 rubblization projects on the interstate system and found this rehabilitation technique is providing good to excellent performance that exceeds design expectations. They provided input on proposed changes to full-depth hot-mix asphalt pavement on rubblized PCCP specifications as well as provided input on the RoadTec 1105e material transfer device. Analysis of traffic speed deflectometer data obtained on several hot-mix asphalt and rubblized pavements resulted in the development of analysis algorithms.
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DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Longitudinal Cracking Investigation on I-72 Experimental Unbonded Concrete Overlay. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-002.

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A research study investigated longitudinal cracking developing along an experimental unbonded concrete overlay (UBOL) on I-72 near Riverton, Illinois. The project evaluated existing literature on UBOL (design, construction, and performance), UBOL case studies, and mechanistic-empirical design procedures for defining the mechanisms that are contributing to the observed distresses. Detailed distress surveys and coring were conducted to assess the extent of the longitudinal cracking and faulting along the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint. Coring over the transverse contraction joints in the driving lane showed stripping and erosion of the dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) interlayer was the primary mechanism initiating the longitudinal cracks. Cores from the lane-shoulder joint confirmed stripping and erosion was also occurring there and leading to the elevation difference between the driving lane and shoulder. Field sections by surrounding state departments of transportation (DOTs), such as Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Pennsylvania, with similar UBOL design features to the I-72 section were examined. Site visits were performed in Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania, while other sections were reviewed via state DOT contacts as well as Google Earth and Maps. Evidence from other DOTs suggested that HMA interlayers, whether dense graded or drainable, could experience stripping, erosion, and instability under certain conditions. An existing performance test for interlayers, i.e., Hamburg wheel-tracking device, and current models reviewed were not able to predict the distresses on I-72 eastbound. Adapting a dynamic cylinder test is a next step to screen HMA interlayers (or other stabilized layers) for stripping and erosion potential. To slow down the cracking and faulting on I-72 eastbound, sealing of the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint and driving lane transverse joints is suggested. To maximize UBOL service life, an HMA overlay will minimize water infiltration into the interlayer system and significantly slow down the HMA stripping and erosion mechanism that has led to longitudinal cracking and lane-shoulder faulting.
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