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Journal articles on the topic 'Shellfish'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Haque, Md Manirul, Anwar Hossain, Shankar Chandra Mandal, Mohammad Shamsur Rahman, and Zahid Hayat Mahmud. "Prevalence, characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fishes and shellfishes of coastal regions of Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v24i2.46319.

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Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fishes and shellfishes of coastal regions of Bangladesh was investigated. Fish and shellfish samples were collected from three coastal areas, namely Kuakata, Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar. Thirty five V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 33 finfish and 6 shellfish samples where all the isolates were tlh positive which was species specific gene and no isolate had possessed the virulence gene encoding tdh. Overall prevalence rate of V. parahaemolyticus in fish sample was 45.45%; having 18.75% from Kuakata, 22.22% from Chittagong and 62.5% from Cox’s Bazar. Fifty per cent shellfish were found to be positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was carried out against 11 antibiotics where the isolates were sensitive to the tested antibiotics except metronidazole (50 μg) and nalidixic acid (30 μg). Presence of this pathogenic organism in fish and shellfish could pose a serious threat to fish industry as well as human health hazard in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 121-129, 2015 (July)
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2

Atindana, Sandra Akugpoka, Patrick Kwabena Ofori-Danson, and Sandra Brucet. "Modelling the effects of climate change on shellfish production in marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana." AAS Open Research 2 (May 22, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12956.1.

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Background: Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries, particularly the small pelagic fisheries, are in a state of crisis. The decline in the number of small pelagic fish are attributable to overfishing, climate variability and unsustainable fishing methods. Similarly, in the wake of climate change, shellfishes (particularly oysters, scallops and mussels) are highly vulnerable. Methods: A total of 55 years’ worth of data from Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries were studied in relation to climate indices. The primary objective was to develop a simple linear regression model for predicting shellfish catch in Ghana. Key informant interviews were employed in soliciting data on changes in climate along the coastline and trends in marine artisanal shell fish catch. Results: The predictor variable that significantly explained shellfish production was temperature. Hence, the model is a valuable tool to predict future trends in the shellfish catch in marine artisanal fisheries. Conclusions: Increases in sea surface temperature will adversely affect shellfish production. It is therefore important that the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development and other stakeholders should, in their decision-making processes, ensure the formulation of climate smart policies and management strategies for sustainable use of the resource.
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3

Lopata, A. L., R. E. O'Hehir, and S. B. Lehrer. "Shellfish allergy." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 40, no. 6 (May 6, 2010): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03513.x.

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4

Carr, Peter. "Insensitive shellfish." New Scientist 203, no. 2721 (August 2009): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)62152-7.

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5

O'Carroll, Kevin. "Shellfish contamination." Marine Pollution Bulletin 18, no. 4 (April 1987): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(87)90225-6.

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6

Perkins, F. O. "Shellfish parasites." Parasitology Today 2, no. 3 (March 1986): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(86)90153-5.

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7

Hiraguchi, Yukiko. "Shellfish Allergy." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 37, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.37.70.

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8

RICHARDS, GARY P. "Microbial Purification of Shellfish: A Review of Depuration and Relaying." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 218–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.3.218.

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A review of the literature on shellfish depuration and relaying revealed wide diversity in microbial uptake and elimination among shellfish species and for different microorganisms. Information on relaying of five commercial shellfish species and on controlled purification (depuration) of 11 species indicates that such processes are effective in reducing the levels of bioconcentrated bacteria and viruses from shellfish. The degree of bacterial and viral bioconcentration varies with shellfish species; however, the primary sites of bioconcentration are the hepatopancreas and digestive diverticula. Low levels of enteric viruses and coliphage may be sequestered in shellfish hemolymph and tissues, thus protecting them from elimination through depurative processes. Vibrio spp. appear to proliferate when closely associated with intestinal cells of shellfish. Shellfish relaying techniques offer effective microbial depletion provided water quality is acceptable and shellfish remain physiologically active. The current body of literature on controlled purification demonstrates a broad spectrum of conditions under which shellfish are depurated. Optimal times, temperatures and salinities for effective depuration vary among shellfish species. Proper design and operation of depuration plants is crucial to insure process integrity. Recirculating and flow-through purification systems are effective in reducing the levels of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms from shellfish, but the extent to which they reduce viruses from shellfish is uncertain. Studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of depuration processes in eliminating pathogenic viruses and to address the adequacy of indicator bacteria as measures of enteric virus contamination.
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9

Diarsa, Ari Wahyu, Jani Januar, and Anik Suwandari. "ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HOME INDUSTRY KUPANG KERING DI DESA BALONGDOWO KECAMATAN CANDI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 10, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i3.5681.

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Shellfish is the raw material for making dried shellfish. Home industry located in Balongdowo village, Sidoarjo regency has long been cultivated, but until now most of the craftsmen have not showed significant development. This study was aimed to determine value added of shellfish based product dried, cost efficiency of dried shellfish processed product, and development strategy at dried shellfish home industry in Balongdowo Village, Sidoarjo Regency. Analyzer used include analysis of value added, analysis efficiency cost, and SWOT analysis. The result of the analysis shows that: (1) Wet shellfish added value in shellfish dried home industries medium, (2) Home industry shellfish dried in the use of production cost has been efficient, (3) The appropriate development strategy to be applied was using the W-O strategy that was by dried shellfish industry should use labour maximization, good packaging process, labelling, and try to get healt-assesment certification to expand the marketing process.
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10

Belva Putri Merdeka, Kezia, Anandita Ekasanti, Dewi Nugrayani, and Daisan Matsui Gyogyobu. "Inventory of Pests and Parasites in the Cultivation of Hotate Shellfish (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>) in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan." Journal Of Artha Biological Engineering 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62521/0je7xm44.

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Hotate Shellfish Cultivation is the largest shellfish cultivation in the world, but many pests and parasites are found. This research aims to inventory the types of pests and parasites found in the cultivation of Hotate Shellfish (Patinopecten yessoensis) in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. The objects used for this research were 54 Hotate shellfish, consisting of three life stages of shellfish, namely seed shellfish, juvenile shellfish, and adult shellfish. This research was carried out using observation and random sampling methods to determine the types and percentages of pests and parasites present during the research. This research was carried out for seven months from 13 April to 6 December 2022 at the Daisan Matsui Company, Ohama, Oshamambe, Hokkaido, Japan. The results of this research show that there are four types of pests, namely Starfish, Purple Shellfish, Crustaceans, and Sea Pineapples as well as two types of parasites, namely Annelid Worms and Barnacles which attack shellfish cultivation. The percentage of shellfish at three life stages that were attacked by parasites was 75.93%. There are several factors that control the attachment of pests and parasites, including substrate availability, nutrient availability, and environmental considerations. The surfaces and nutrients provided by hotate culture facilities provide adequate conditions for pest settlement and growth.
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11

BATZIOS, CH, P. ANGELIDIS, D. K. MOUTOPOULOS, CH ANASTASIADOU, and V. CHRISOPOLITOU. "Consumer Attitude Towards Shellfish In The Greek Market: A Pilot Study." Mediterranean Marine Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2003): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.236.

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During the last decade, the Greek shellfish industry has experienced significant changes affecting both the market demand and the availability of the end products. Although, shellfish and seafood in general have been promoted as healthy food by marketing boards and private seafood companies in many countries all over the world, no attention has been paid so far to analysing the Greek consumer’s purchasing behaviour and attitudes towards the shellfish market. This paper presents the results of the first survey in this field of research, which was carried out in northern Greece (area of Katerini and Greater Thessaloniki) from January to March 2002. A randomly selected sample of 400 consumers filled in a questionnaire, which covered basic marketing aspects of shellfish consumption such as choice, purchase, reasons for consuming shellfish, confidence in shellfish hygiene certification, media influence, etc. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, as well as chi-square (― 2 ) tests (crosstabulation) to examine possible relations between consumers’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and shellfish marketing aspects. Analyses of the results have shown that the majority of Greek consumers prefer the exploitable to cultured shellfish and in general do not eat shellfish often. They prefer the traditional fish shops for purchasing shellfish and consume them mainly in summer. The strongest reason to buy shellfish is their taste, while freshness is considered as the most important criterion when deciding to buy shellfish. Moreover, the vast majority of the consumers prefer a certification of quality, trust the confirmation provided by the veterinary authorities, but do not prefer ready-to-eat shellfish. Results revealed that consumers’ behaviour and attitudes vary considerably according to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The results of this study could prove to be helpful for decision makers towards a more rational planning of production and improvement of distributing roots, which in turn would improve product quality and promote shellfish consumption.
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12

Eangoor, Padmanabhan, Amruta Sanjay Indapurkar, Mani Deepika Vakkalanka, and Jennifer Sporty Knaack. "Multiplexed ELISA screening assay for nine paralytic shellfish toxins in human plasma." Analyst 144, no. 15 (2019): 4702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00494g.

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Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a lethal syndrome that can develop in humans who consume shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins. This rapid screening assay can be used to quickly diagnose exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins.
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13

Zhang, Lei, and Lei Zhang. "Contribution of Shellfish Consumption to Lower Mercury Health Risk for Residents in Northern Jiaozhou Bay, China." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/159521.

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Fish and marine mammal consumption are an important pathway for human exposure to mercury. The low mercury content in shellfish poses a low mercury health risk to people who consume shellfish. The objectives of this study are to detect mercury concentrations in different species of shellfish and to calculate the mercury health risk from shellfish consumption among traditional residents near northern Jiaozhou Bay. A total of 356 shellfish samples, which comprised 7 species from 5 different places in northern Jiaozhou Bay, were collected from April to June in 2012. The average mercury content in the collected shellfish ranged from 0.024 mg·kg−1to 0.452 mg·kg−1. A total of 44 shellfish samples (12.36%) had mercury levels exceeding the national pollution-free aquatic products limit (0.3 mg·kg−1). Generally, the viscus had the highest mercury content among all parts of the shellfish. A positive correlation between mercury content and total weight/edible part weight was found in most species of the collected shellfish. The results showed that shellfish consumption resulted in the lower risk of mercury exposure to residents based on the calculation of daily intake (DI) and target hazard quotient (THQ).
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14

Tjahjaningsih, W., A. S. Mubarak, E. Saputra, and K. T. Pursetyo. "Improving the quality of shellfish products with boiler-based steaming machines in Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati, Sidoarjo." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1273, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1273/1/012078.

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Abstract Shellfish are filter feeder animals that filter food from the mud of their habitat and are used as bioindicators of water pollution. This has an impact on food safety if it does not meet the quality standards of shellfish sanitation. To provide a sense of security to consumers is to reduce some of the hazardous materials either from biological, chemical, or physical hazards. Banjar Kemuning Village is located in Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java has five Joint Business Groups (KUB) which are engaged in catching shellfish. Shellfish taken from the waters should be handled related to sanitation processes. One solution for processing shellfish to meet quality standards is the method of steaming shellfish based on a boiler machine. Activities include (1) counseling through face-to-face meetings and discussions, (2) demonstration plots on the application of mussel steaming technology using a steamer boiler, and (3) monitoring and evaluation of post-catch shellfish handling related to sanitation and hygiene. The application of appropriate technology with the boiler-based shellfish steaming method can increase the production and quality of shellfish products.
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15

Gu, Haolei, and Kedong Yin. "Forecasting algae and shellfish carbon sink capability on fractional order accumulation grey model." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 6 (2022): 5409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022254.

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<abstract> <p>Marine biology carbon sinks function is vital pathway to earned carbon neutrality object. Algae and shellfish can capture CO<sub>2</sub> from atmosphere reducing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Therefore, algae and shellfish carbon sink capability investigate and forecast are important problem. The study forecast algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability trend base on 9 China coastal provinces. Fractional order accumulation grey model (FGM) is employed to forecast algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability. The result showed algae and shellfish have huge carbon sinks capability. North coastal provinces algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability trend smoothness. South and east coastal provinces carbon sinks capability trend changed drastically. The research advised coastal provinces defend algae and shellfish population, expand carbon sink capability. Algae and shellfish carbon sink resource will promote environment sustainable develop.</p> </abstract>
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16

Kamal, Sadia Afrin, Md Nur Alam Chad, Jakir Hossain, Afshana Ferdous, and Roksana Jahan. "Availability of Marine Fishes in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: A Case Study on the BFDC Landing Center." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2022-0014.

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Abstract Fish availability in the coastal landing center highlights the assumption of stocks in the marine fishing zone of the ocean. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the availability of marine fishes in the Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) landing center, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh between January 2021 and May 2021. A total of 54 species were recorded, of which 42 were marine fishes, 7 were shellfishes and 5 were large fishes. The dominant orders were Perciformes (56%), Scombriformes (17%) and Clupeiformes (10%). More than 56% of the total marine fishes were classified as Least Concern, nearly 10% were categorized as Near Threatened and 2% were marked Vulnerable. The dominant orders of shellfish were Portunidae (43%), followed by Penaidae (29%), Loligonidae (14%) and Octopopidae (14%). Shrimp Penaeous monodon had the highest consumer demand, whereas consumer demand for non-conventional shellfish was comparatively low. Most of the shellfish were categorized as Least Concern. Among large fishes, the wider availability of sharks (five species) and rays (two species) was observed in the winter and monsoon season, although the consumer demand for those large fishes was low. The Vulnerable sharks and rays were Sphyma zygaena and Mobula birostris. This study elucidates the present scenario of marine fishes in the BFDC fish landing center, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.
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Wu, Zong-Yen, Po-Yu Liu, Shu-Ying Tseng, Yi-Hsuan Lee, and Shu-Peng Ho. "Characteristics and Phylogeny of Shewanella haliotis Isolated from Cultivated Shellfish in Taiwan." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9895148.

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Shewanella haliotis is an emerging human pathogen. Many infectious cases were linked to shellfish ingestion or aquatic exposure. Therefore, it is important to study the phylogeny and distribution of S. haliotis in shellfish aquaculture. We investigated the distribution of S. haliotis in cultivated shellfish farming in Taiwan in which S. haliotis was found in the shellfish from all sampling sites. S. haliotis was identified in cultivated shellfish by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, such as abalone (Haliotis diversicolor), clam (Meretrix lusoria), and oyster (Crassostrea gigas). This study highlighted the contamination of S. haliotis in cultivated shellfish and importance of further study regarding the biodiversity and pathogenesis of S. haliotis.
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18

Green, J., K. Henshilwood, C. I. Gallimore, D. W. G. Brown, and D. N. Lees. "A Nested Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Detection of Small Round-Structured Viruses in Environmentally Contaminated Molluscan Shellfish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.3.858-863.1998.

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ABSTRACT We describe the evaluation of a nested reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) procedure for the detection of small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) in molluscan shellfish and the application of this assay for the detection of SRSVs in commercially produced shellfish and in shellfish implicated in outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The range of virus strains detected and the sensitivity of detection were evaluated by using a representative panel of 21 well-characterized SRSV strains. The nested RT-PCR detected 15 of 21 SRSVs, demonstrating that the assay detects a broad range of SRSVs including strains from both genogroup I and genogroup II. Seeding experiments showed the nested RT-PCR assay to be 10 to 1,000 times more sensitive than the single-round RT-PCR assay for the detection of SRSV in shellfish. SRSV-contaminated samples were identified by nested RT-PCR for shellfish grown in polluted harvesting areas and for shellfish associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis which were negative by a previously described single-round RT-PCR. The assay was shown to be effective for investigation of virus elimination during commercial shellfish processing procedures such as depuration and relaying and has potential applications for monitoring at-risk shellfish harvesting areas, for investigation of SRSV contamination in shellfish from producers linked to gastroenteritis outbreaks, and for the direct detection of virus in shellfish implicated in outbreaks.
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HARRIS, C. H., and J. M. JOHNSON. "SELECT NUTRIENT COMPARISON OF IMITATION SHELLFISH WITH REAL SHELLFISH." Journal of Food Quality 10, no. 5 (January 1988): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1988.tb00918.x.

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20

Madigan, Thomas L., Ken G. Lee, David J. Padula, Paul McNabb, and Andrew M. Pointon. "Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in South Australian shellfish." Harmful Algae 5, no. 2 (March 2006): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.12.005.

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21

Truman, Penelope, and Robin J. Lake. "Comparison of Mouse Bioassay and Sodium Channel Cytotoxicity Assay for Detecting Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish Extracts." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.5.1130.

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Abstract A neuroblastoma cell culture assay was used to analyze shellfish extracts for presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (saxitoxins). Results were compared with mouse bioassays performed as part of a screening program for shellfish toxins in New Zealand. Twenty-nine samples gave negative results in both assays. Fifty-seven samples gave positive results in at least one assay. The correlation between the assays for saxitoxin equivalent levels in shellfish was 0.867. In spiking studies on shellfish extracts, the neuroblastoma assay showed a good response to added saxitoxin. Although these results support use of the neuroblastoma assay as a screening procedure for shellfish toxicity, results close to regulatory limits should be confirmed by mouse bioassay.
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22

Nirmala, Dwitha, Wahju Tjahjaningsih, and Endang Dewi Mashitah. "Application of Sanitation and Hygiene In Improving The Quality of Products From Shells In The Collective Business Group (Kub) of Shell Fishers In Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1036, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012099.

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Abstract The increasingly fierce competition in the sale of food products is currently encouraging people to improve the quality of sales service and food quality. The reality on the ground shows that some of the processing of food products does not use methods and methods that meet good hygiene and sanitation standards. As a result, processed food products will become unhealthy for human consumption. The Joint Business Group (KUB) of Shellfish Fishermen in Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency seeks to improve the quality of food products from shellfish that will be sold to the community by implementing sanitation and hygiene standards in every process of processing food products from shellfish. Therefore, for the application of sanitation and hygiene standards in improving the quality of food products from shellfish in Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency. The best approach to ensure the safety of food products from this shellfish, which is primarily in the process where the shellfish live and where the shellfish are obtained. For shellfish caught in the waters, proper handling processes related to sanitation and hygiene should be carried out, because shellfish caught in nature have a risk of bacterial contaminants and some heavy metals that are harmful to human health.
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23

Lai, Qiuying, Jie Ma, Fei He, Aiguo Zhang, Dongyan Pei, and Minghui Yu. "Current and Future Potential of Shellfish and Algae Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148873.

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Shellfish and algae mariculture make up an important part of the marine fishery carbon sink. Carbon sink research is necessary to ensure China achieves its goal of carbon neutrality. This study used the material quality assessment method to estimate the carbon sink capacity of shellfish and algae. Product value, carbon storage value, and oxygen release value were used to calculate the economic value of shellfish and algae carbon sequestration. The results showed that the annual average shellfish and algae carbon sink in China was 1.10 million tons from 2003 to 2019, of which shellfish accounted for 91.63%, wherein Crassostreagigas, Ruditapesphilippinarum, and Chlamysfarreri were the main contributors. The annual average economic value of China’s shellfish and algae carbon sequestration was USD 71,303.56 million, and the product value was the main contributor, accounting for 99.11%. The carbon sink conversion ratios of shellfish and algae were 8.37% and 5.20%, respectively, thus making shellfish the aquaculture species with the strongest carbon sink capacity and the greatest carbon sink potential. The estimated growth rate in the shellfish and algae removable carbon sink was 33,900 tons/year in China, but this trend was uncertain. The capacity for carbon sequestration and exchange by aquaculture can be improved by expanding breeding space, promoting multi-level comprehensive breeding modes, and marine artificial upwelling projects.
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Patrício, André, Marta B. Lopes, Pedro Reis Costa, Rafael S. Costa, Rui Henriques, and Susana Vinga. "Time-Lagged Correlation Analysis of Shellfish Toxicity Reveals Predictive Links to Adjacent Areas, Species, and Environmental Conditions." Toxins 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100679.

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Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is an acute intoxication caused by the consumption of contaminated shellfish, which is common in many regions of the world. To safeguard human health, most countries implement programs focused on the surveillance of toxic phytoplankton abundance and shellfish toxicity levels, an effort that can be complemented by a deeper understanding of the underlying phenomena. In this work, we identify patterns of seasonality in shellfish toxicity across the Portuguese coast and analyse time-lagged correlations between this toxicity and various potential risk factors. We extend the understanding of these relations through the introduction of temporal lags, allowing the analysis of time series at different points in time and the study of the predictive power of the tested variables. This study confirms previous findings about toxicity seasonality patterns on the Portuguese coast and provides further quantitative data about the relations between shellfish toxicity and geographical location, shellfish species, toxic phytoplankton abundances, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, multiple pairs of areas and shellfish species are identified as having correlations high enough to allow for a predictive analysis. These results represent the first step towards understanding the dynamics of DSP toxicity in Portuguese shellfish producing areas, such as temporal and spatial variability, and towards the development of a shellfish safety forecasting system.
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Giovannini, Mattia, Burcin Beken, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Simona Barni, Giulia Liccioli, Lucrezia Sarti, Lorenzo Lodi, et al. "IgE-Mediated Shellfish Allergy in Children." Nutrients 15, no. 12 (June 11, 2023): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122714.

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Shellfish, including various species of mollusks (e.g., mussels, clams, and oysters) and crustaceans (e.g., shrimp, prawn, lobster, and crab), have been a keystone of healthy dietary recommendations due to their valuable protein content. In parallel with their consumption, allergic reactions related to shellfish may be increasing. Adverse reactions to shellfish are classified into different groups: (1) Immunological reactions, including IgE and non-IgE allergic reactions; (2) non-immunological reactions, including toxic reactions and food intolerance. The IgE-mediated reactions occur within about two hours after ingestion of the shellfish and range from urticaria, angioedema, nausea, and vomiting to respiratory signs and symptoms such as bronchospasm, laryngeal oedema, and anaphylaxis. The most common allergenic proteins involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions to shellfish include tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein, troponin c, and triosephosphate isomerase. Over the past decades, the knowledge gained on the identification of the molecular features of different shellfish allergens improved the diagnosis and the potential design of allergen immunotherapy for shellfish allergy. Unfortunately, immunotherapeutic studies and some diagnostic tools are still restricted in a research context and need to be validated before being implemented into clinical practice. However, they seem promising for improving management strategies for shellfish allergy. In this review, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of shellfish allergies in children are presented. The cross-reactivity among different forms of shellfish and immunotherapeutic approaches, including unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, peptide-based, and DNA-based vaccines, are also addressed.
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Hariharan, Harry, and Victor Amadi. "Shellfish as reservoirs of bacterial pathogens." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 4 (April 2016): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j6-13.

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27

Martín, R., T. García, B. Sanz, and P. E. Hernández. "Biotoxinas marinas: intoxicaciones por el consumo de moluscos bivalvos/Seafood toxins: poisoning by bivalve consumption." Food Science and Technology International 2, no. 1 (February 1996): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329600200102.

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Seafood toxins are becoming increasingly important as etiologic agents of foodborne diseases around the world. This is partly because of greater awareness of the potential problems of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and more recently, a new type of seafood toxicity, called amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). This review describes the molluskan shellfish and biotoxins implicated, the development of standardized methods for detecting and quantifying these toxins, the importance of the economic loss resulting from their presence and the establishment of regular chemical monitoring for marine toxins.
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Yang, Huiping, Leslie N. Sturmer, and Shirley Baker. "Molluscan Shellfish Aquaculture and Production." EDIS 2016, no. 3 (May 6, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fa191-2016.

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Molluscan shellfish aquaculture provides high quality and high value seafood for human consumption, and shellfish provide environmentally beneficial ecosystem services, such as nutrient extraction and water filtration, to the environment in which they are grown. In the past five decades, global fisheries and aquaculture have grown steadily, and seafood consumption per capita has increased. Molluscan shellfish has traditionally been a major component of world aquaculture. Today, molluscs are cultured in 76 countries. This 8-page fact sheet describes molluscan shellfish aquaculture in the United States and worldwide and outlines molluscan shellfish aquaculture stages and methodologies. Written by Huiping Yang, Leslie N. Sturmer, and Shirley Baker, and published by the UF School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, January 2016. FA191/FA191: Molluscan Shellfish Aquaculture and Production (ufl.edu)
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29

Giannetti, Arianna, Andrea Pession, Irene Bettini, Giampaolo Ricci, Giuliana Giannì, and Carlo Caffarelli. "IgE Mediated Shellfish Allergy in Children—A Review." Nutrients 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15143112.

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Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen profile. High sequence homology between shellfish species and between shellfish and house dust mites leads to a high serological cross-reactivity, which does not accurately correlate with clinical cross-reactions. Clinical manifestations are immediate and the predominance of perioral symptoms is a typical feature of shellfish allergy. Diagnosis, as for other food allergies, is based on SPTs and specific IgE, while the gold standard is DBPCFC. Cross-reactivity between shellfish is common and therefore, it is mandatory to avoid all shellfish. New immunotherapeutic strategies based on hypoallergens and other innovative approaches represent the new frontiers for desensitization.
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30

Gomez-Bautista, M., L. M. Ortega-Mora, E. Tabares, V. Lopez-Rodas, and E. Costas. "Detection of Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Cockles (Cerastoderma edule)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.1866-1870.2000.

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ABSTRACT Infective Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were detected in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (Cerastoderma edule) from a shellfish-producing region (Gallaecia, northwest Spain, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean) that accounts for the majority of European shellfish production. Shellfish were collected from bay sites with different degrees of organic pollution. Shellfish harboring C. parvum oocysts were recovered only from areas located near the mouths of rivers with a high density of grazing ruminants on their banks. An approximation of the parasite load of shellfish collected in positive sites indicated that each shellfish transported more than 103 oocysts. Recovered oocysts were infectious for neonatal mice, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis demonstrated a profile similar to that described for genotype C or 2 of the parasite. These results demonstrate that mussels and cockles could act as a reservoir ofC. parvum infection for humans. Moreover, estuarine shellfish could be used as an indicator of river water contamination.
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31

Salter, Julia E., Ralph J. Timperi, Laura J. Hennigan, Lynda Sefton, and Hilary Reece. "Comparison Evaluation of Liquid Chromatographic and Bioassay Methods of Analysis for Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisons in Shellfish Tissues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.670.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was compared with the AOAC mouse bioassay method (18.086-18.092) for determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish tissues. Shellfish samples were collected from Massachusetts coastal waters as part of a state surveillance program, and extracts of shellfish meat were analyzed for toxins by using both analytical methods. Overall correlation of the LC and bioassay methods is good (r = 0.943), but for samples with toxicities &lt; 100 jug saxitoxin/100 g shellfish meat, the correlation is significantly less (r = 0.531). Limits of detection are 10 fig saxitoxin/ 100 g shellfish meat and 40 fig saxitoxin/100 g shellfish meat for the LC and bioassay methods, respectively. Analytical capacity of the LC method is limited to 12 samples/person-day compared with 30 samples/ person-day for the bioassay. Sampling capacity of the LC method could be increased by using a fluorescence detector with a wider response range, which would eliminate the need for dilution of concentrated samples.
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32

Trainer, Vera L., and Teri L. King. "SoundToxins: A Research and Monitoring Partnership for Harmful Phytoplankton in Washington State." Toxins 15, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030189.

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The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest because of their impact on human health are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and the recent measurement of azaspiracids, known to cause azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), at low concentrations in Puget Sound shellfish. The flagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo, impacts the health and harvestability of aquacultured and wild salmon in Puget Sound. The more recently described flagellates that cause the illness or death of cultivated and wild shellfish, include Protoceratium reticulatum, known to produce yessotoxins, Akashiwo sanguinea and Phaeocystis globosa. This increased incidence of HABs, especially dinoflagellate HABs that are expected in increase with enhanced stratification linked to climate change, has necessitated the partnership of state regulatory programs with SoundToxins, the research, monitoring and early warning program for HABs in Puget Sound, that allows shellfish growers, Native tribes, environmental learning centers and citizens, to be the “eyes on the coast”. This partnership enables safe harvest of wholesome seafood for consumption in the region and helps to describe unusual events that impact the health of oceans, wildlife and humans.
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GUZEWICH, JOHN J., and DALE L. MORSE. "Sources of Shellfish in Outbreaks of Probable Viral Gastroenteritis: Implications for Control." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.5.389.

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Shellfish have been identified as vehicles of foodborne enteric disease in the United States since the first part of the twentieth century. Between 1900 and 1983, 198 incidents or outbreaks involving 8,659 cases were reported nationally. In New York State, reports of shellfishborne gastroenteritis and/or hepatitis A began to increase in 1981, when one outbreak involving 234 cases of gastroenteritis was reported. In subsequent years, the following were reported: 1982, 103 outbreaks of gastroenteritis involving 1,017 cases and 10 cases of hepatitis A; 1983, 33 outbreaks of gastroenteritis involving 504 cases; 1984, 15 gastroenteritis outbreaks and 256 cases; and the first five months of 1985, 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis involving 98 cases. States, countries or provinces identified as sources of shellfish implicated in these outbreaks included: New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, England North Carolina and Prince Edward Island. The source investigations were seriously impaired by numerous inadequacies in current shellfish-tagging regulations and the manner in which these are enforced. Possible solutions to prevent further shellfishborne disease outbreaks include: (a) improve shellfishborne disease surveillance and reporting; (b) embargo shellfish sold by shippers implicated in disease outbreaks; (c) adopt strict state and federal laws to control the sanitary quality of all shellfish; (d) accomplish greater participation in the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference; (e) provide an adequate number of enforcement officers; (f) develop a microbiologic growing water and/or product standard that assures viral as well as bacteriologic safety; (g) properly classify shellfish-harvesting waters; (h) mandate a manifest-type tagging system; (i) strictly enforce wholesale and retail shellfish-tagging requirements; (j) require depuration of all shellfish sold; and (k) advise the public against the consumption of raw or partially cooked shellfish. If these or other approaches fail to prevent morbidity, a ban on the sale of raw shellfish may be the only solution.
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34

KHALIFA, KHALIFA I., BARBARA WERNER, and RALPH TIMPERI. "Non-Detection of Enteroviruses in Shellfish Collected from Legal Shellfish Beds in Massachusetts." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.12.971.

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Eighty-five samples of shellfish (50 soft shell clams, 21 hard shell clams and 14 oysters) were examined for the presence of human enteric viruses. In addition, bacterial contamination levels, both fecal coliform and standard plate count, were determined. Seventy-five samples were harvested from open shellfish areas and 10 samples from restricted shellfish areas during seasonal opening. Enteroviruses were not detected in any of the samples tested. In contrast, 33 (30 from open beds and 3 from restricted areas) of 82 shellfish samples had levels of bacterial contamination that exceed current regulatory limits for shellfish.
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35

Ananta, Jois, and Mathew Betsy. "A rare case report on pediatric shellfish allergy." Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health 3, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.japch.1001018.

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Shellfish are extensively consumed worldwide because of their nutritional value. In general they are good sources of low-fat protein rich in several essential vitamins and minerals as well as in the essential nutrients omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) [1]. Shellfish belongs to “The Big 8” food groups causing allergy, which often does not outgrow during childhood. However, increase in IgE – mediated sea food allergy has been linked to shellfish. Seafood- associated shellfish include crustaceans & molluskans [2]. These may cause mild local symptoms & lead to severe systemic anaphylactic reactions by ingestion, inhalation, or contact. Globally, the prevalence of shellfish allergy estimated to be 0.5% to 2.5% of the general population [3]. There are limited data showing the prevalence of shellfish allergy in children.
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36

Cao, Pei, Lei Zhang, Yaling Huang, Shuwen Li, Xiaodan Wang, Feng Pan, Xiaojin Yu, et al. "Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China." Foods 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2024): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13030361.

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The Yellow-Bohai Sea is an important semi-enclosed continental shelf marginal seas with an intensive aquaculture industry in China. The current study analyzed the contamination status and the time variations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish between 2019 and 2020 from the Yellow-Bohai Sea in the Dalian area and estimated the acute health risks to consumers in China. A total of 199 shellfish samples (including 34 Pacific oysters, 25 Mediterranean blue mussels, 34 Manila clams, 36 bay scallops, 34 veined rapa whelks and 36 bloody clams) were analyzed from four representative aquaculture zones around the Yellow-Bohai Sea in Dalian. Among the samples, scallops and blood clams were the shellfish species with the highest detection rate of PSTs (94.4%), and the highest level of PSTs was detected in scallops with 3953.5 μg STX.2HCl eq./kg (μg STX.2HCL equivalents per kg shellfish tissue), followed by blood clams with 993.4 μg STX.2HCl eq./kg. The contents of PSTs in shellfish showed a time variation trend, and autumn was the season of concern for PST contamination in Dalian. For general Chinese consumers, the probability of acute health risks to shellfish consumers from dietary exposure to PSTs was around 13%. For typical consumers in coastal areas of China, especially those with higher shellfish intake, there was an acute health risk associated with exposure to PSTs through shellfish consumption during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. It is suggested that the government continue to strengthen the monitoring of the source of PSTs and the monitoring of harmful algal blooms and give reasonable advice on shellfish consumption for consumers in coastal areas, such as not eating scallop viscera.
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37

Wai, Christine Y. Y., Nicki Y. H. Leung, Ka Hou Chu, Patrick S. C. Leung, Agnes S. Y. Leung, Gary W. K. Wong, and Ting Fan Leung. "Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062234.

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Shellfish allergy caused by undesirable immunological responses upon ingestion of crustaceans and mollusks is a common cause of food allergy, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. While the prevalence of shellfish allergy is increasing, the mainstay of clinical diagnosis for these patients includes extract-based skin prick test and specific IgE measurement while clinical management consists of food avoidance and as-needed use of adrenaline autoinjector should they develop severe allergic reactions. Such a standard of care is unsatisfactory to both patients and healthcare practitioners. There is a pressing need to introduce more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapies for patients with shellfish allergy. Knowledge gained on the identifications and defining the immuno-molecular features of different shellfish allergens over the past two decades have gradually translated into the design of new diagnostic and treatment options for shellfish allergy. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, the molecular identification of shellfish allergens, recent progress in various diagnostic methods, as well as current development in immunotherapeutic approaches including the use of unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, immunoregulatory peptides and DNA vaccines for the prevention and treatment of shellfish allergy. The prospect of a “cure “for shellfish allergy is within reach.
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38

Campos, Carlos J. A., and David N. Lees. "Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 12 (April 4, 2014): 3552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04188-13.

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ABSTRACTHuman noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis following consumption of bivalve shellfish contaminated with fecal matter. NoV levels can be effectively reduced by some sewage treatment processes such as activated sludge and membrane bioreactors. However, tertiary sewage treatment and substantial sewage dilution are usually required to achieve low concentrations of virus in shellfish. Most outbreaks have been associated with shellfish harvested from waters affected by untreated sewage from, for example, storm overflows or overboard disposal of feces from boats. In coastal waters, NoV can remain in suspension or associate with organic and inorganic matter and be accumulated by shellfish. Shellfish take considerably longer to purge NoV than fecal indicator bacteria when transferred from sewage-polluted estuarine waters to uncontaminated waters. The abundance and distribution of NoV in shellfish waters are influenced by the levels of sewage treatment, proximity of shellfish beds to sewage sources, rainfall, river flows, salinity, and water temperature. Detailed site-specific information on these factors is required to design measures to control the viral risk.
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39

Bouchouar, Etran, Samantha Bruzzese, Chelsea Pyles, and Kate Stechyshyn. "Shellfish toxins a public health concern for Canadians." Environmental Health Review 57, no. 01 (March 1, 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2014-013.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide as a result of climate change and global marine traffic. HABs contain high concentrations of algal toxins. Toxin contaminated shellfish cannot be detected by taste, sight, or smell; the toxins are heat-stable and therefore are not destroyed by cooking. Human consumption of toxin-contaminated shellfish leads to illness. Treatment of shellfish poisoning is limited to symptom management. The burden of shellfish poisoning in humans is often underestimated, and the effects of chronic exposure are unknown. Currently there are regulatory practices for shellfish monitoring in Canada and the United States. Yet there is poor communication of HAB risks to the public.
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40

Warner, Jane. "Avoid the shellfish." Nursing Standard 8, no. 41 (July 6, 1994): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.8.41.45.s59.

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41

Schwartzbrod, L., and S. Boher. "Viruses and Shellfish." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0565.

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While studying the cycle of viral contamination of aqueous media, it appears that the human being is both the primary contaminator and the secondary receiver of the viruses transported in the aqueous medium. Human contamination takes place by drinking water of poor quality, by eating vegetables irrigated with waste water or shellfish. Shellfish consumption is clearly associated with the transmission of enteric infections and epidemics have been reported in many countries. The viruses responsible for the transmission of epidemics are mostly gastro-enteric viruses (Norwalk virus, Rotavirus and “small round viruses”) and the hepatitis A virus. The shellfish implicated are oysters, cockles, mussels and clams. Shellfish depuration techniques involve either closed loop circuits or semi-open circuits. They are very effective bacteriologically, but they do not totally eliminate the viral particles. Furthermore, sanitary controls are, usually, based on the sole research of fecal coliform although this bacterial type is a bad indicator of viral contamination. It is therefore necessary to include a virological criterion in the sanitary control of shellfish.
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42

Watkins, Sharon M. "Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning." Marine Drugs 6, no. 3 (September 2008): 430–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080021.

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Watkins, Sharon, Andrew Reich, Lora Fleming, and Roberta Hammond. "Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning." Marine Drugs 6, no. 3 (July 12, 2008): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md6030431.

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44

IVASH, CATHERINE. "Paralytic shellfish poisoning." Nursing 32, no. 5 (May 2002): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200205000-00084.

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45

Demirel, Yağmur Nil, and T. Haluk Çelik. "Paralytic shellfish poisoning." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 30, no. 3 (2013): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2013.30.3.08.

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46

Yasumoto, T., M. Murata, Y. Oshima, M. Sano, G. K. Matsumoto, and J. Clardy. "Diarrhetic shellfish toxins." Tetrahedron 41, no. 6 (January 1985): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96469-5.

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47

Waldichuk, M. "Amnesic shellfish poison." Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, no. 8 (August 1989): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(89)90309-3.

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48

Bosch, Albert, and Soizick F. Le Guyader. "Viruses in Shellfish." Food and Environmental Virology 2, no. 3 (June 16, 2010): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-010-9046-1.

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49

Jeffery, B., T. Barlow, K. Moizer, S. Paul, and C. Boyle. "Amnesic shellfish poison." Food and Chemical Toxicology 42, no. 4 (April 2004): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.010.

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50

Sutherland, Struan K. "Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning." Pathology 17, no. 3 (1985): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028509105522.

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