Journal articles: 'Sheet material'

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NAKAMURA, Toshihiko, Hideki AOYAMA, Naohisa MATSUSHITA, and Akihiko USHIMARU. "3298 Sheet Material Forming without Dies." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3298–1_—_3298–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3298-1_.

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Čačko, Viliam, Iveta Onderová, Ľubomír Šooš, Pavol Varga, and Andrej Smelík. "Experimental Determination of Mechanical Properties of Waste Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.62.

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The paper is primarily focused on the determination of the ultimate strength of pressed materials in the form of steel sheets. The breaking strength of homogeneous materials such as e.g. steel sheet is not a relevant indication for pressed steel sheet waste material. The ultimate strength serves as a main parameter in the design of sheet metal cutting machines. For the design and technological design of machines and equipment for shearing steel waste in the form of pressed sheets, it is necessary to know the limit strength of the material. The paper describes in detail the experimental procedure and the principle of determining the ultimate strength of the steel waste sheet. Several dozen experimental samples of pressed metal waste were used. The very principle of the experiment consisted of sheared samples, while monitoring the shear force and the thickness of the pressed material. The ultimate strength of the shear material was calculated from the measured data. The measured and calculated data were statistically processed to increase the objectivity of the determination of the already mentioned ultimate strength parameter of the pressed waste sheets.

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Karakaya, Cetin. "Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0142.

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Abstract Perforated sheets are used in many areas due to their high specific load, economical production, aesthetic structure, and filtering ability. Their use in industrial machinery and the construction industry can be given as examples of these areas. In this study, the mechanical behaviour of perforated metal sheets under tensile loads has been investigated numerically. The influence of material type, hole geometry, and hole arrangement were examined with finite element analyses. Stainless steel and aluminium materials are used as sheet materials. The hole geometries are circle, ellipse, triangle, square, and hexagon. As a result of the simulations, the aluminium material gave the highest values in terms of carried load capacity and absorbed energy. The sheets with the staggered hole arrangement have higher load and energy values than the sheets with the linear arrangement. The elliptical perforated aluminium sheet provided the highest load value of 28,386 N in the staggered arrangement. In both hole arrangements, the elliptical perforated sheet gave the highest load value, while the triangle perforated sheet gave the lowest load value. The elliptical perforated sheet with linear hole arrangement provided the highest values in terms of specific load (435.57 N/g) and specific energy (0.27 J/g).

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HINO, R., F. YOSHIDA, N. NAGAISHI, and T. NAKA. "INCREMENTAL SHEET FORMING WITH LOCAL HEATING FOR LIGHTWEIGHT HARD-TO-FORM MATERIAL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 6082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051613.

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A new incremental sheet forming technology with local heating is proposed to form lightweight hard-to-form sheet metals such as aluminum-magnesium alloy (JIS A5083) sheet or magnesium alloy (JIS AZ31) sheet. The newly designed forming tool has a built-in heater to heat the sheet metal locally and increase the material ductility around the tool-contact point. Incremental forming experiments of A5083 and AZ31 sheets are carried out at several tool-heater temperatures ranging from room temperature to 873K using the new forming method. The experimental results show that the formability of A5083 and AZ31 sheets increases remarkably with increasing local-heating temperature. In addition, springback of formed products decreases with increasing local-heating temperature. The developed incremental sheet forming method with local heating has great advantages in not only formability but also shape fixability. It is an effective forming method for lightweight hard-to-form sheet metal for small scale productions.

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Han, Seong-Sik, Hyun-jin Eom, Min-Su Lee, Tai-Hong Yim, and Heung-Kyu Kim. "Design of wood-like metallic material using metal sheet architecture." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 5 (September 11, 2021): 1290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab048.

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Abstract This study proposed a new metal-based material design with a modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity comparable to that of wood by architecturing of metal sheets. The proposed new material is designed in a form in which metal sheets of the same shape with beads are repeatedly stacked. In order to find a design with the target modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity values, designs were derived using the Design of Experiment (DOE) and the material properties were predicted accordingly. For the prediction of material properties designed in the shape of a metal sheet architecture, finite element analysis combined with the homogenization method was used in consideration of the repeatability of the material microstructure. The reliability of the prediction of material properties based on the finite element analysis using a unit cell was verified by comparison with the results obtained from the compression test and the temperature wave method for the specimen. By analysing the modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity data corresponding to the designs derived by DOE, we evaluated the effect of the design variables of the metal sheet architecture on the material properties. In addition, we investigated whether the material properties comparable to wood or leather were included within the derived design domain, and presented detailed design data of a metal sheet architecture that provides targeted material properties. It can be inferred from this study that the use of architecturing of metal sheets enables the development of new metal-based materials that can simulate the properties of other materials while utilizing the advantages of fire resistance and recyclability inherent in metals.

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Phanitwong, Wiriyakorn, Arkarapon Sontamino, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "Experimental Analysis of the Feasibility of Shaving Process Applied for High-Strength Steel Sheets." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1634840.

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In recent years, the engineered materials were developed to improve their mechanical properties. A high-strength steel sheet is one of them, developed to serve the requirement of reducing weight of vehicles. Therefore, as a new material, many researches have been carried out to examine the use of sheet metal forming process applied for high-strength steel sheet. However, the feasibility of shaving process applied for it has not been investigated yet. In the present study, this feasibility was revealed by using experiments on two types of high-strength steel sheets: SAPH 440 and SPFH 590Y (JIS). The relationship between shaved surface feature and shearing clearance of high-strength steel sheets corresponded well with those of their conventional metal sheets. However, due to the high ultimate strength of these materials, it was revealed in this present study that there were not any suitable conditions of shaving process that could be applied to achieve the requirements of smooth cut surface overall material thickness.

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Pollock, Rachel E. "Material Safety Data Sheet." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 14, no. 2 (2012): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fge.2012.0051.

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Matsuo, Koichiro, Kazuhiro Maekawa, and Teruhisa Kondo. "4888242 Graphite sheet material." Carbon 29, no. 1 (1991): II. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(91)90109-v.

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Pollock, Rachel E. "Material Safety Data Sheet." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 14, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41939194.

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He, Xiao Cong. "Sheet Material Property Effects upon Dynamic Behavior in Self-Pierce Riveted Joints." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.999.

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Self-pierce riveting (SPR) technology offers an alternative to resistance spot welding (RSW) for joining sheet materials. It has been found that the SPR technology produced a much stronger joint than the RSW in fatigue test. For efficient design of SPR structures, the knowledge of dynamic characteristics of the SPR beams is essential. In this paper, the free transverse vibration characteristics of single lap-jointed cantilevered SPR beams are investigated in detail. The focus of the analysis is to reveal the influence on the natural frequency and natural frequency ratio of these beams caused by variations in the material properties of sheet materials to be jointed. It is shown that the transverse natural frequencies of single lap jointed cantilevered SPR beams increase significantly as the Young’s modulus of the sheet materials increases, but change slightly corresponding to the change in Poisson’s ratio. It is also found that the material density of the sheets have significant effects on the free transverse vibration characteristics of the beams.

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HARADA, YASUNORI, and YUJI KOBAYASHI. "COLD BUTT JOINING OF LIGHT METAL SHEET BY SHOT PEENING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 6100–6105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051649.

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Aluminum and magnesium materials are very attractive for light weight applications. However, their use is complicated by the fact that dissimilar metals are joined by fusion welding. In the present study, the cold butt joining of light metal sheet with dissimilar material sheet by shot peening was investigated. The shot peening process is widely used to improve the performance of engineering components. In this process the substrate undergoes a large plastic deformation near its surface when hit by many shots. The substrate material close to the surface flows during shot peening. When the dissimilar metal sheets with notched edges are connected without a level difference and then the connection is shot peened, the sheets can be joined by the plastic flow generated by the large plastic deformation during shot peening. In this experiment, an air-type shot peening machine was used. The influences of peening time and shot material on joinability were mainly examined. The joinability was evaluated by tensile test. The joint strength increased with the amount of plastic flow. It was found that the present method can be used to enhance the butt joining of the light metal sheets with the dissimilar material sheets.

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Pöplau, Julia, Sebastian Stille, Thijs Romans, Tilmann Beck, Lorenz Singheiser, and Gerhard Hirt. "The Influence of Process Parameters on the Forming of Riblets during Riblet Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.715.

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In aeronautics, economic and environmental aspects become increasingly important. As those are very much influenced by the frictional drag of the airplane, a reduction of skin friction which causes a major portion of total aerodynamic drag is desirable. One possible approach for passive drag reduction is the application of riblets small longitudinal grooves orientated in flow direction. Through an adapted rolling process, riblets can be brought into metal sheets on a large scale. For this process a thin high-strength steel wire is wound around a work roll to structure it with the negative riblet imprint. In a subsequent step the riblet profile is rolled into the sheet material. Different parameters can influence the process and the quality of the resulting riblet structure. Those parameters that depend on the sheets sheet thickness, material strength, and composition of the sheet are discussed in this paper. Form filling is used as an indicator for riblet quality. It is found that decreasing sheet thickness is beneficial for form filling, but a process dependent minimum sheet thickness exists for which this effect will reverse. Material strength is found to have a much smaller influence on form filling. Nevertheless, harder alloys seem to need a slightly smaller thickness reduction, but higher rolling forces and pressures to achieve desired form filling. Using clad instead of bare materials has a positive influence on form filling and riblet structuring. Furthermore, riblet rolling does not reduce the fatigue strength of the clad material.

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Gautam, Vijay, and Subhajit Konar. "Material Selection for a Fuel Tank and its FE Simulation in deep drawing." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201801121.

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Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which deformation forces are oriented in the plane of the sheet, and the surface pressures in the tool are generally lower than the yield stress of the sheet material. The present work discusses the selection of sheet material suitable for a fuel tank by experimental evaluation of tensile properties of interstitial free steel and deep draw quality steel sheets of the same thickness of 0.8mm. The tensile specimens are laser cut from a blank with a known rolling direction and are tested for tensile properties and anisotropy. These tensile properties of the sheets are used in the material model in FE simulation of the deep draw process using HyperWorks. It is observed that an optimum blank holder force is necessary to remove the wrinkling defects. It is concluded that higher ductility and normal anisotropy are the key factors for higher thinning resistance in deep drawing and hence, interstitial free steel sheet qualifies as the better material for the fuel tank.

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Vijayananth, S., V. Jayaseelan, and G. Shivasubbramanian. "Formability Analysis of AA6061 Sheet in T6 Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.416.

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Formability of a material is defined as its ability to deform into desired shape without being fracture. There will always be a need for formability tests, a larger number of tests have been used in an effort to measure the formability of sheet materials. Aluminium Alloy 6061 is a magnesium and silicon alloy of aluminium. It is also called as marine material as it has high corrosion resistance to seawater. In this paper Formability test of AA6061 sheet is done by Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) Analysis. FLD or Forming Limit Curve (FLC) for the forming processes of AA6061 sheets is obtained by Experimental method and FEM. Experimental method involves Deep drawing test of the sheet and ANSYS software is used for FEM.

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Pandey,, Neetesh Kumar, and Dr Sunil Kumar. "Mechanical Characterization and Feasibility Analysis of Polymer Fiber Composite Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48445.

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Abstract: The most prevalent reinforcing component in composite materials is carbon fiber. However, obtaining the monofilament's performance metrics of carbon fiber is a challenging task. In this study, we have used PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) sheets having low mechanical properties. Our goal is to improve the mechanical properties of PVC sheets with the wrapping of carbon fiber. The wrapping of carbon fiber is done by the Hand Lay up method. In this paper, we analyze and compare the mechanical properties of the sheet by using two, four and six layers of carbon fiber on PVC sheets . The main aim of this study is to enhance the mechanical properties of PVC sheets by increasing the number of layers of carbon fiber without replacing the sheet and without enhancing the overall cost.

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Tran, Bong Dang, and Tuan Ngoc Pham. "OPTIMIZATION OF ORIENTED NESTING LAYOUT ON RECTANGULAR MATERIAL SHEETS." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2133.

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This article introduces research results on optimization of oriented nesting layout for pieces of irregular shapes to be cut in rectangular material sheets in order that number of cut pieces is maximized or material waste is minimized. The optimized alternative is selected when material utilization coefficient is maximized with the requirement on strain, texture, fiber orientation of material sheet. This solution may be applied in some industries using sheet material and having requirement on orientation when cutting.

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Salishchev, Gennady A., Oleg R. Valiakhmetov, Werner Beck, and F. H. Froes. "Production of Ti-6Al-4V Sheets for Low Temperature Superplastic Forming." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.31.

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The availability to produce Ti-6Al-4V sheet material with submicron-grained microstructure for superplastic forming (SPF) has been studied. The laboratory scale sheets with an average grain size of 0.3 μm and the commercial size sheets with an average grain size of 0.65 μm were produced by pack rolling manufacturing technique from the forgings with pre-formed submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure. The sheets possessing isotropic mechanical properties in the sheet plane had higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength. Over the exceptionally low temperature range of 700-750°C the SMC sheets demonstrated enhanced superplastic properties, namely an initial flow stress of 20-25 MPa and elongation more than 600% at the strain rate of 3×10-4/s. The sheet material with SMC structure was characterized by well formability compared to a conventional sheet under low temperature superplastic conditions.

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Teichrib, Sergey, and Richard Krimm. "Electromagnetic Material Feeder for High Speed Rates." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.213.

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In sheet metal forming technology stamping machines are mainly used for an economical production of sheet metal workpieces. Apart from increasing the stroke rates of currently more than 3000 min-1, which can be achieved with modern high-performance stamping machines, the demands on the periphery of the plant are rising as well. In particular, this concerns the material feeding systems used for a reliable feed of the sheet metal. The current technology is based primarily on the roll and gripper feed. Here the sheet metal is clamped between the grippers or rollers with a high contact pressure, which is required for a slip-free operation. To avoid an external damage of the surface or a roll out of the sheet, the clamping forces may not be increased indefinitely. In addition, contamination of the sheet metal or the elements of the feeding system should be excluded in order to avoid a permanent damage of the system and related maintenance costs. This means that the feed rates of previous feeding systems, currently up to 2000 min-1, cannot be further increased, so that the performance potential of modern high-performance presses with large stroke rates cannot be exhausted. Thus the development of feeding systems in sheet metal processing with significantly higher forces is required.As part of a research project at the IFUM, facilitated by the German Machine Tools' Association (VDW), a novel method has been developed in which the sheet metal is fed completely without contact by means of electromagnetic forces. No mechanical elements are required for clamping the sheet metal, so that the inertia of the system can be reduced significantly. Thus higher dynamic properties of the feeder can be realized. The principle is based on the asynchronous linear motor with eddy current runner in a double cam arrangement. This feeder basically consists of two primary components, comprised of a laminated iron package and a three-phase winding. The primaries are symmetrically fixed positioned to compensate the forces of attraction in ferromagnetic materials as well as the repulsive forces in paramagnetic sheet metals such as aluminium or copper. The electrical conductive sheet metal acts as a secondary part and is located in the air gap between the two primary components. Thus the sheet is kept suspended in the air gap a damage to the sheet metal surface is prevented. Therefore surface-finished metal sheets can also be fed with high speed rates. The force initiation is performed entirely contactless to the sheet metal with the three-phase winding in the primaries which induce a sinusoidal magnetic traveling field in the air gap. During operation eddy currents are induced in the metal strip due to the speed of the traveling magnetic field relative to the sheet. By the interaction between the magnetic field and the eddy currents an advancing force is applied to the sheet metal according to the Lorentz law.For the design and optimization of the electromagnetic feeder extensive simulation-based studies have been performed using a parameterized finite element model. For this purpose the development of a three-dimensional model was necessary to represent the eddy currents in the sheet metal. The main subjects of the investigations were in particular the optimization of the iron core, the winding distribution and also to ensure an acceptable temperature in the primaries and the sheet metal during continuous operation. The studies show that, depending on the sheet material applied, very high feed forces can be achieved. For sheet metals with a width of about 100 mm more than 1000 N can be achieved by means of the electromagnetic feeding system. Compared to current mechanical feeders the forces can be more than doubled.To validate the simulation results and test the functional ability a demonstrator of the electromagnetic feeder was designed and manufactured. Due to the simulation-based optimization of the feeding system an external cooling is not required. The control of the feeder is realised via a conventional frequency converter, with which the voltage can be controlled in its amplitude and frequency, and thus indirectly the sheet metal position. The first experimental investigations were carried out on a specially designed force test bench. The results show a very good correlation obtained by simulation and the experimental measured feed forces. Future work objectives are to identify the feed characteristics and limitations as well as the implementation of a robust control algorithm for a reliable positioning of the sheet metal.

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Zhou, Ze-Jie, Zhi-Chao Huang, Yu-Qiang Jiang, and Nan-Lin Tang. "Joining Properties of SPFC440/AA5052 Multi-Material Self-Piercing Riveting Joints." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092962.

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With the development of new energy vehicles, the joining of lightweight alloys has received more attention. Self-piercing riveting experiments of aluminum alloy and high-strength steel sheets were performed to analyze the effects of rivet height and laying order of metal sheets on the joining quality in the work. The forming surface, cross-sectional morphology, static tensile property, fatigue property, failure mode, and mechanism were analyzed. The results show that AA5052 alloy and SPFC440 steel can be joined effectively by self-piercing riveting, and there is good contact between rivet head and sheet surfaces. When the rivet is 2.5–3.5 mm higher than the total thickness of two layers sheets, the rivet leg flares symmetrically without cracks or buckling, and the lower sheet completely encapsulates the joint button. The joints have better static tensile properties when the rivet is about 3 mm higher than the thickness of two sheets. The higher static strength is obtained when the aluminum alloy is placed at the lower position. The rivet legs fall off from the lower sheets for all the samples in the tensile tests, which is independent of the rivet height and laying order of metal sheets. The fatigue strength of the sample with the rivet height of 7 mm is the greatest, and the fatigue cracks always occur on the aluminum sheet under all experimental conditions. The findings in this work can help the practical application of self-piercing riveting for aluminum/steel sheets.

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Niu, Yiting, and Xianqing Xiong. "Investigation on panel material picking technology for furniture in automated raw material warehouses." BioResources 17, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 4499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4499-4516.

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The integrated development of the global economy has prompted the manufacturing industry of China to enter the era of intelligence, and manufacturing in the furniture manufacturing industry has gradually realized the transformation and upgrading from manual or semi-automation to automation and informatization. The traditional storage mode of receiving materials has been unable to coordinate and match the efficiency of its upstream supply and downstream processing. In order to coordinate production, reduce management costs, and achieve zero inventory, this paper integrates the common needs of the market, enterprises, actual production, and storage conditions. In addition, it designs a technical solution for the collection of sheet materials in furniture enterprises based on the environment foundation of automated three-dimensional warehouses. The research results show that the collation algorithm proposed in this study can reduce the amount of sheet material collated by 152 sheets, improve the pallet utilization rate by up to 21.6%, and increase the storage space utilization rate by up to 22.7%.

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Wang, Yu Heng, Qing Bang Shu, Tai Jiao Du, Fan Yuan Meng, Xiao Ya Yang, and Li Bing Cai. "Simulation and Design for Laser Protective Structures of Aluminum Material." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1602.

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There are two protection structures for duralumin sheet, including surface anodizing and spraying ZrO2 coating, designed for preventing damage induced by laser. In this paper, for anodized aluminum sheet and ZrO2 coated sheet, the ability for laser protection has been simulated and analyzed. The thermal model of sandwich material is established and a finite element method (FEM) code is developed. The rule of the thermal effects in two structures induced by laser irradiation have been discussed, under chosen requirements of laser protection, including that laser power density is 500W/cm2; irradiation time is 3s; the aluminum sheets cannot be much thicker than 3mm; reflectivity cannot be much than 0.6. And the calculation results are verified experimentally and can give a guide to design for laser protection.

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Zhu, Hu, Yang Wang, Yibo Liu, and Dongwon Jung. "The Influence of Sheet Tilting on Forming Quality in Single Point Incremental Forming." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143907.

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In the CNC incremental forming process, the sheet tilting method can be used to realize the non-fracture forming of a surface with large forming angles. However, the forming effect of the formed part will have big differences when the inclined angle of the sheet is different. Therefore, four different tilted sheets with inclined angles of 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30° were used to study the influence of sheet tilting on forming quality by using 1060 Aluminum sheet as the forming sheet in single point CNC incremental forming. First, the influence of four different inclined angles of the sheet on the overall thickness distribution, plastic strain, and material flow of the formed part was studied by using numerical simulation. Then, the influence of four different inclined angles of sheets on the profile accuracy and thickness thinning rate of the formed part was studied through single point incremental forming experiments. The research results show that sheet tilting has little effect on the profile accuracy of the formed part, but has a great influence on the material flow, plastic strain, and thickness distribution.

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Yanagisawa, A., M. Kaneko, and T. Nakagawa. "Production of Metal Fiber by Coiled Sheet Slicing Method and Its Composite Materials." Advanced Composites Letters 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 096369359200100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359200100110.

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A new manufacturing process of long-length metal fiber which can be applied to the composite materials has been developed. In this new process, the metal fiber is produced out of coiled thin metallic sheet by a new slicing method. In the manufacturing trial, each specific cutting conditions for fiber production from brass and either copper or stainless steel has been confirmed. This method has high productivity and applicability for many kind of materials. Then, the metal fiber obtained this method can be used for various fields of composite materials1). As one of the important characteristics of this method, it is capable that a uniformly mixed different material fibers can be easily produced with different material sheets such as metal, plastics and paper and so on, which are wound layer by layer. Using a uniformly mixed fiber of plastics and metals, the plastic pellet and sheet including metal fiber has been produced. Further, the electric conductive composite materials has been developed utilizing the plastic pellets and sheets.

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Schulz, Mark J., Sung Yong Kim, Ashley Kubley, David Mast, and Vesselin Shanov. "Nanotube Sheet and Yarn Manufacturing and Commercialization." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (August 5, 2021): 1149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.108.

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Nanotube macroscale materials such as yarns, tapes, and sheets provide combinations of material properties that are unique relative to existing materials. Although nanotube sheet and yarn commercialization is still an emerging activity, these materials may become important in the future Business and Economics of societies. Therefore, this paper surveys current worldwide efforts toward manufacturing and commercialization of nanotube macroscale materials. The survey will help researchers, investors and economists consider how the new materials might be used in new applications and how the materials might spur economic development. Nanotube macroscale materials consist of yarn, tapes, and sheets, and exclude powdered forms of nanotubes used as filler materials. Both Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and Boron Nitride Nanotube (BNNT) materials are considered. It is anticipated that macroscale sheet and yarn with customizable properties will have broad applications. This paper is organized to provide ideas for possible areas of applications of nanotube yarn and sheet, followed by a survey of current commercialization efforts. Manufacturing barriers that must be overcome to push the development of nanotube macroscale materials toward large scale commercialization are also discussed. The paper also provides references for researchers and industry professionals who may want to further develop and put nanotube macroscale materials into their own applications.

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Tipalin, Sergey A., Vladislav B. Belousov, and Nikolay F. Shpunkin. "Investigation of Uneven Properties of Stainless Steel 12Kh18N10T Depending on the Thickness of the Sheet." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.28.

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The authors conduct the research of the properties of a cold-rolled sheet made of corrosion-resistant steel 12Kh18N10T of a variable thickness. Further, they build hardening curves and defined their coefficients. The research identifies the patterns of the thickness impact on the nature of hardening of the sheet material 12Kh18N10T. The authors conduct the measurements of micro-hardness along the sheet thickness. The article confirms the suggestion that hardness in the sheet center decreases for various thicknesses. The authors further present a comparative analysis of hardness values distribution for the corrosion-resistant steel 12Kh18N10T and steel containing 0.08% of carbon. It is revealed that lower material thickness alters the strength parameters of the process and increases the mean material hardness. The authors provide the hardening curves for various sheet thicknesses and the dependence of hardness distribution on the thickness of these sheets.

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Tateishi, Ikuma, Xiaoni Zhang, and Iwao Matsuda. "Electronic Structures of Polymorphic Layers of Borophane." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061808.

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The search for free-standing 2D materials has been one of the most important subjects in the field of studies on 2D materials and their applications. Recently, a free-standing monolayer of hydrogenated boron (HB) sheet has been synthesized by hydrogenation of borophene. The HB sheet is also called borophane, and its application is actively studied in many aspects. Here, we review recent studies on the electronic structures of polymorphic sheets of borophane. A hydrogenated boron sheet with a hexagonal boron frame was shown to have a semimetallic electronic structure by experimental and theoretical analyses. A tight-binding model that reproduces the electronic structure was given and it allows easy estimation of the properties of the material. Hydrogenated boron sheets with more complicated nonsymmorphic boron frames were also analyzed. Using the symmetry restrictions from the nonsymmorphic symmetry and the filling factor of hydrogenated boron sheets, the existence of a Dirac nodal line was suggested. These studies provide basic insights for research on and device applications of hydrogenated boron sheets.

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Laukant, H., C. Wallmann, M. Korte, and Uwe Glatzel. "Flux-Less Joining Technique of Aluminium with Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets by a Dual-Spot-Laser Beam." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.163.

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Joining of iron with aluminium in the liquid phase is complicated due to the formation of brittle intermetallics within Fe-Al melts. In this work we present the technology of a laser weldingbrazing (LWB) process to join zinc-coated steel and aluminium sheets in an overlap geometry. The process is divided into welding of the aluminium sheet and brazing of filler material and molten aluminium sheet onto the zinc-covered steel sheet to avoid the liquid stage of iron. It is possible to join those materials with a single laser beam. However, with a second laser beam, the melt flow can be controlled more effectively and the wetting behaviour can be improved by preheating the zinc-covered steel sheet surface. This is beneficial since the process works without any flux agent. Wetting lengths increase by using this technique and generate a joint that exceeds the tensile strength of the base material. Due to the zinc cover on the steel sheet there are two possible filler materials that have miscibility with zinc as well as aluminium. Zinc based filler materials have the advantage of a lower melting point and thus lower process temperatures. And aluminium based filler wires result in more ductile brazed seams, making it possible to deform such joints in a later application as tailored blanks.

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Setyanto, Djoko. "Design and FE Modeling of UPVC Corrugated Hollow Roofing Sheet." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801017.

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The corrugated roofing sheet of UPVC polymer material is the potential material to replace common roof materials that has been developed in Indonesia. This study describes the design of the roof profile and analysis of the roof structure to static load. The resulting roof profile is a hollow corrugated roofing sheet with five crests and four valleys. The effective width is 860 mm, 10 mm cavity thick, and 45 mm peak height. The finite element model of the hollow UPVC corrugated sheets roof structure shows that the roof structure is capable of withstanding the static load/ mass of 133 kg equivalent of two applicators and capable of withstanding the wind lift force equivalent to 99 km/ h.

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Lu, Yao, Thamer Alsalem, and Masoud Akbarzadeh. "A Method for Designing Multi-Layer Sheet-Based Lightweight Funicular Structures." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2022.018.

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Multi-layer spatial structures usually take considerable external loads with a small material usage at all scales. Polyhedral graphic statics (PGS) provides a method to design multi-layer funicular polyhedral structures, and the structural forms are usually materialized as space frames. Our previous research shows that the intrinsic planarity of the polyhedral geometries can be harnessed for efficient fabrication and construction processes using flat-sheet materials. Sheet-based structures are advantageous over conventional space frame systems because sheets can provide more load paths and constrain the kinematic degrees of freedom of the nodes. Therefore, they are more capable of taking a wider variety of load cases compared to space frames. Moreover, sheet materials can be fabricated into complex shapes using CNC milling, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and CNC bending techniques. However, not all sheets are necessary as long as the load paths are preserved and the system does not have kinematic degrees of freedom. To find an efficient set of faces that satisfies the requirements, this paper first incorporates and adapts the matrix analysis method to calculate the kinematic degrees of freedom for sheet-based structures. Then, an iterative algorithm is devised to help find a reduced set of faces with zero kinematic degrees of freedom. To attest to the advantages of this method over bar-node construction, a comparative study is carried out using finite element analysis. The results show that, with the same material usage, the sheet-based system has improved performance than the framework system under a range of loading scenarios.

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Ma, Shengqian. "Bandgap modulation and hydrogen storage with Cr-doped BN sheets." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 22 (September 7, 2015): 1550160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921550160x.

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The theoretical calculations indicate that the metal-doped boron nitride (BN) sheets are potential materials to store the hydrogen and tune the bandgap. It is all known that the BN sheet is a nonmagnetic wide-bandgap semiconductor. Using density function theory (DFT), the lattice parameters of Cr-doped BN sheets are optimized, which are still kept on two-dimensional (2D) planar geometry, and the bandgap and [Formula: see text] storage are studied. The simulation results show that the [Formula: see text] molecule can be easily absorbed by Cr-doped N in BN sheet. As the adsorption energy was greatly decreasing with the increasing number of Cr-doped N, B had an affinity for adsorption of [Formula: see text]. With the increase of Cr doping, the bandgap of Cr-doped BN sheet is decreasing. The bandgap decreases from 4.705 eV to 0.08 eV. So Cr-doped BN sheet is a promising material in storing [Formula: see text] and tuning the bandgap.

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31

Adamus, J., and P. Lacki. "Investigation of Sheet-Titanium Forming with Flexible Tool – Experiment and Simulation / Badanie Kształtowania Blach Tytanowych Z Wykorzystaniem Elastycznego Narzędzia - Doświadczenie I Symulacja." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 1247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0139-8.

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In the paper the results of investigation of sheet-titanium forming with flexible tool are presented. Titanium alloy sheets belong to a group of materials which are very hard to deform at ambient temperature. To improve sheet formability forming technology using a semi-flexible tool was implemented. Experiments were carried out on a specially designed for this purpose device. Due to the application of a rubber pad the stress state similar to triaxial compression was produced in the deformed material. Such a stress state made it possible to obtain higher material deformation without risk of fracture. The numerical simulations were used for analysing the flexible forming process. The ADINA System basing on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was applied.

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Henseler, Thorsten, Madlen Ullmann, Rudolf Kawalla, and Franz Berge. "Influence of the Sheet Manufacturing Process on the Forming Limit Behaviour of Twin-Roll Cast, Rolled and Heat-Treated AZ31." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.154.

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In the age of lightweight design, magnesium alloys play an increasing role in weight reduction of transport vehicles. The specific strength compared to aluminium alloys and steel grades is superior, giving the material great potential in lightweight application. The automobile and aeronautic industry use sheet metals with minimum thicknesses, making research in this field very important. Successful sheet metal forming depends on various process parameters and material characteristics. Thus, the influence of sheet thickness on the forming limit behaviour of twin-roll cast, rolled and heat-treated AZ31 was investigated. Nakajima tests were performed on a hydraulic sheet metal testing device at elevated temperatures with various sheet thicknesses from 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm. The results show an increase in formability with rising temperatures for all sheets. Furthermore, changes in formability among the sheet thicknesses were linked to their divergent microstructures, which result from the different sheet manufacturing parameters.

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Gall, Sven, Sören Müller, and Walter Reimers. "Extrusion of AZ31 Magnesium Sheet." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1530.

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Due to the increasing demand of deep drawing applications for magnesium alloys in the future magnesium sheets with good mechanical and forming properties are required. These properties depend on the processing route of the sheet material. The deformation behavior of magnesium alloys is strongly influenced by the texture. Extruded magnesium sheets exhibit a different texture than rolled magnesium sheets. Therefore, the forming properties of the extruded magnesium sheets are supposed to be different compared to rolled sheets. Thin extrusion of the magnesium alloy AZ31 with a thickness of 1.5 and 2 mm were performed. Adjacent the extruded sheets were tested for their microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. The texture stability and evolution after the rolling of extruded magnesium sheets were investigated. Thus some of the 1.5 mm sheets were rolled to 1.0 mm and analyzed by OIM, X-Ray and mechanical testing. Concluding the results were compared to the properties of the just extruded 1.5 mm sheet and conventionally rolled sheet of 1 mm thickness.

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34

Hino, Makoto, Ryoichi Kuwano, Norihito Nagata, Kazuya Nagata, and Teruto Kanadani. "Effects of Surface Treatment for A5052 Aluminum Alloy on Adhesiveness between A5052 Aluminum Alloy and Engineering Plastics." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1815.

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Effects of the surface-treated A5052 aluminum alloy on the adhesiveness of joining dissimilar materials, such as A5052 aluminum alloy sheet and polyamide resin sheet, was examined to manufacture a multi-material. Various surface treatments for the A5052 sheet were performed. The hot melt adhesive sheet comprising polyamide resin was used as the adhesive. The shear strength of adhered specimens was measured via tensile testing, and the shear strength was made to be the joining strength. Using various surface treatment techniques, oxidation films with different hole sizes and surface roughness were formed on the A5052 aluminum sheets. The joining strength of the surface-treated specimens was the lowest, whereas those joined via anode electrolysis exhibited the highest joining strength. These differences in joining strengths were owing to the anchor effect and chemical interfacial bonding force.

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Venkatachalam, G., S. Narayanan, and Narayanan C. Sathiya. "Prediction of Limiting Strains for Square Pattern – Square Hole Perforated Commercial Pure Aluminium Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.382.

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Forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most appropriate tool used to obtain the safe strain region in sheet metal forming industries. This FLD is based on limiting values of major and minor strains. This Limiting strain is the strain at the onset of fracture / necking in a sheet metal. It is influenced by the material / condition of the material, strain condition in geometrical features of a sheet metal. In this paper, square pattern – square holed, perforated commercial aluminium sheets are considered for the study. The limiting strain for the above perforated sheet metals is predicted using finite element analysis. It is found that the limiting strain is controlled by percentage of open area, ligament ratio and hole size.

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Ma, Sheng Qian, and Feng Li. "First-Principles Study of Tuning the Band Gap with Cr Doped BN Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.171.

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It is all known that the BN sheet is a nonmagnetic wide-band-gap semiconductor. Using Density Function Theory (DFT), the lattice parameters of Cr doped BN sheets were optimized, which were still kept on 2D planar geometry, and the band gap was studied. The simulation results show that the band gap is very easy to be tuned by Cr doped BN sheet, which is more stable structure. So Cr doped BN sheet is a promising material in modulating the band gap and through tuning the band gap it can be a highly efficient photocatalytic material et al. Because Cr is poisonous and harmful substance, it does harm to people’s health and environmental pollution, particularly, heavy metal contamination in soil. So Cr doped BN sheet is a promising material in modulating the band gap, through tuning the band gap it can be a highly efficient photocatalytic material and benefit humanity and protect the environment et al.

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37

Kumma, Parinya, and Panuwat Soranansri. "Effect of Blank Holder Force and Edge Radius on Joining Strength in Flat-Clinching Process." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.175.

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A lightweight structure has been often mentioned in the automotive industry due to the increasing cost of energy as well as environmental legislation. Multi-material design is applied to reduce the weight of a car body. To join dissimilar sheet materials, it is quite difficult to achieve by welding processes. A flat-clinching process is one of the mechanical joining processes, which have join-ability of dissimilar sheet materials by plastic deformation. The purpose of this paper was to study the clinch-ability to join AA1100-to-AA1100 aluminum, AISI1010-to-AISI1010 steel, and AISI1010 steel-to-AA1100 aluminum sheets. Furthermore, the effect of both blank holder force (BHF) and edge radius (BHR) in the flat-clinching process on a joining strength was investigated. A shear strength test was conducted to examine the joining strength. The results show that the flat-clinching process can be successfully applied to join the similar sheet materials with the formation of interlocking. However, to achieve the joint of the dissimilar sheet materials, the AISI1010 steel sheet must be on the punch side. Also, both the BHF and the BHR significantly influent on the joining strength.

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38

Mucha, Jacek, and Waldemar Witkowski. "The Structure of the Strength of Riveted Joints Determined in the Lap Joint Tensile Shear Test." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2015-0009.

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Abstract The article presents the analysis of the structure of the load capacity of riveted joints. For the four joining systems the lap joint specimens were made and tested in the shearing test. The joints were prepared for the three combinations of the DC01 steel and EN AW- 5754 aluminium alloy sheets with the thickness of 2mm. On the basis of the obtained load-elongation diagram tensile shear test curves, the basic parameters defined in the ISO/DIS 12996 standard were determined. In the case of the conventional riveted joints the maximum load capacity of the joint is determined by the strength of the fastener. For the joints with aluminium-steel blind rivet , the load capacity of the joint was on the strength limit of the rivet tubular part and on the strength limit of the sheet material. The strength of the SSPR joint is determined by the mechanical properties of the material of the joined sheets. From all sheets and rivet specimens arrangements the highest load capacity of the joint was obtained for the DC01 sheet material joints, and the lowest load capacity of the joint was obtained for the EN AW-5754 sheet material joints.

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39

Kornopol’tsev, V. N. "Sheet antifriction material with specified structure." Journal of Friction and Wear 31, no. 5 (October 2010): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068366610050077.

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Kobari, Masao, Yukio Shimizu, Mihoko Endo, and Hikoji Inazumi. "Contact drying of fibrous sheet material." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 24, no. 1 (January 1985): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200028a032.

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41

Lee, Daeyong. "Recent innovations in sheet material forming." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 46, no. 3-4 (November 1994): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90120-1.

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42

Moore, Pamela V., and Barbara Kingsley Hathaway. "Understanding the Material Safety Data Sheet." AAOHN Journal 42, no. 6 (June 1994): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999404200605.

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43

Wei, Na, Xiao Xiu Hao, Cheng Sun, and Jun Qing Wei. "Research and Application of Reversible Thermochromism Materials in Polyethylene Sheet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.233.

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Reversible thermochromism polyethylene sheet was prepared by the reversible thermochromism material and polyethylene particles using the method of melt blend. Then the color difference, test temperature and the mechanical properties of the reversible thermochromism sheet were tested. Using of electron microscopy in order to observe the details of the reversible thermochromism polyethylene sheet. Finally, this paper discusses the different amounts of reversible thermochromism materials on the polyethylene sheet relative color difference and mechanical properties. This study has some guiding sense over the application and the production of reversible thermochromism polyethylene sheet material.

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44

Mucha, Jacek, Ľuboš Kaščák, and Waldemar Witkowski. "Research on the Influence of the AW 5754 Aluminum Alloy State Condition and Sheet Arrangements with AW 6082 Aluminum Alloy on the Forming Process and Strength of the ClinchRivet Joints." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112980.

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Clinching joints with an additional deformable rivet are modifications of the clinching joints. The clinch riveting (CR) joint is formed indirectly by a deformable rivet. The research included an analysis of CR joints’ forming process for aluminum alloy sheets made of AW 6082 in T6 state condition and AW 5754 in three different state conditions: H11, H22 and H24. As a result of forming the joint for various sheet arrangements, the highest value of blocking the upper sheet in the lower sheet (tu) was obtained for the arrangements with two 5754-H24 aluminum alloy sheets. For such a large interlock parameter tu, the greatest thinning of lower sheet (tn) was obtained, which influenced the maximum tensile shear force and the joint failure mechanism. Based on the load-displacement diagrams obtained from the static shear test of lap joints, the total energy of failure and energy to achieve the maximum load capacity were calculated. The highest energy absorption to achieve the maximum load capacity, in the case of the same sheet materials, was obtained for the 5754-H11 aluminum alloy sheets. On the other hand, among the tested combinations, the highest value of energy absorption (for the joint maximum load capacity) was obtained for the sheet arrangement: top sheet AW 6082-T6 and the bottom AW 5754-H24. The highest value of the total energy up to fracture was obtained when the material of the top sheet was AW 6082-T6, and the bottom AW 5754-H22. For each sheet arrangement, a similar analysis of the joint strength parameters, interlock parameters and forming force were made.

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45

Cote, Laura J., Jaemyung Kim, Vincent C. Tung, Jiayan Luo, Franklin Kim, and Jiaxing Huang. "Graphene oxide as surfactant sheets." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-25.

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Graphite oxide sheet, now referred to as graphene oxide (GO), is the product of chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite powders that was first synthesized over a century ago. Interest in this old material has resurged in recent years, especially after the discovery of graphene, as GO is considered a promising precursor for the bulk production of graphene-based materials. GO sheets are single atomic layers that can readily extend up to tens of microns in lateral dimension. Therefore, their structure bridges the typical length scales of both chemistry and materials science. GO can be viewed as an unconventional type of soft material as it carries the characteristics of polymers, colloids, membranes, and as highlighted in this review, amphiphiles. GO has long been considered hydrophilic due to its excellent water dispersity, however, our recent work revealed that GO sheets are actually amphiphilic with an edge-to-center distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. Thus, GO can adhere to interfaces and lower interfacial energy, acting as surfactant. This new property insight helps to better understand GO’s solution properties which can inspire novel material assembly and processing methods such as for fabricating thin films with controllable microstructures and separating GO sheets of different sizes. In addition, GO can be used as a surfactant sheet to emulsify organic solvents with water and disperse insoluble materials such as graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water, which opens up opportunities for creating functional hybrid materials of graphene and other π-conjugated systems.

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46

Zhang, Lian Zhen, and Wei Xiong. "Numerical Simulations of the Drifting Ice Sheets Collision with the Bridge Pier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1383.

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The drifting ice sheets impact with the bridge pier and other hydraulic structures in the rivers, which may damage even cause collapse of the structures. In this paper, the FEM software package LS-DYNA was used to performed the numerical simulations of the collision process of the ice sheets and the bridge piers to make clear the interaction between them and to understand the failure mechanism of the ice sheet. The elastic strain-stress model with von mises failure criterion was used to describe the ice material. The brittle damage material model was used to describe the concrete pier. Three types thickness of ice sheets were performed at various velocity of the ice sheet respectively. The impact process of every case were displayed and the time history curve of the collision force were given out. The simulations results show that the peak value of the collision force time history curve increases with the velocity of the sheet firstly and then decreases with the velocity of the ice sheet. There is one critical velocity which relate to the compressive strength of the ice sheet. The simulation result were also compared with the different bridge design code, which show that the code result is more conservative in bridge design.

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Srinivasan, R., and G. Karthik Raja. "Experimental study on bending behaviour of aluminium-copper clad sheets in V-bending process." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019059.

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The bimetallic sheets are used in the industrial sheet metal products to meet the demands of multi-functionality. The bending behaviour of bimetallic sheet is contributed by individual layers of the sheet and it is entirely different from the monolithic material. In this study, V-bending experiments are carried out to understand the springback, bend force and thickness change of Al-Cu clad sheets. The effect of different parameters such as sheet thickness, sheet setting condition, die angle, die opening and punch radius have been investigated. The results indicated that springback is more for smaller die angle, wider die opening and larger punch radius. Increase in die angle, increase in die opening or decrease in punch radius decreases the bend force. The clad sheet thickens at Al/Cu setting condition whereas it thins at Cu/Al setting condition. This thinning or thickening of the sheet influences the springback and bend force.

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48

Hao, Xiao Xiu, Na Wei, Jie Meng, Jun Qing Wei, and Cheng Sun. "Research and Application of Rare-Earth Europium Complex Materials in Polyethylene Sheet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.229.

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Rare-earth europium complex is a UV photochromic materials. Fluorescent Polyethylene Sheet Material were prepared by the Rare-earth europium complex and polyethylene particles using the method of melt blend. Then the fluorescence of polyethylene sheet and the relative fluorescence intensity of the mechanical properties were tested. Finally, this paper discusses the different amounts of phosphor on the polyethylene sheet relative fluorescence intensity and mechanical properties. This study has some guiding sense over the application and the production of fluorescent polyethylene sheet material.

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Hofmann, Dennis, and Mathias Liewald. "Deep Drawing of One-Sided, Stiffness Increasing Sheet Metal Composites." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.879.

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Hybrid sheet metal composites do show advantages compared to monolithic materials when strength, stiffness, and damping characteristics are set to a global optimum. Even though the mechanical properties of hybrid sheet metal composites have been improved in recent years, the application of such hybrid materials in the automotive industry is not well-established due to insufficient knowledge about their forming characteristics (e.g. in deep drawing process). Stiffness increasing composites consist of two metal sheets and a viscoelastic damping layer in-between: the outer sheet reveals stamped beads which increases stiffness of composite while the inner sheet serves as cover sheet. This paper deals with challenges of formability of stiffness increasing composites in industrial deep-drawing processes. The main concern is dimensional stability and accuracy of those layered materials after finishing the forming process. In order to ensure accuracy of formed parts, a methodology was developed for increased quality of sheet metal composites. Depending on the drawing limit ratios and blankholder forces, which evaluate the drawability of component in general, the drawing limit ratio is influenced for profound or insufficient residual bead heights and widths. Besides insufficient bead height, which causes a reduction in moment of inertia, inner marks on the visible outer sheet hamper a broad application in practical use. Finally, paper provides detailed recipies for manufacturing and tool layout for deep drawing objectives of such composite material.

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Tejangkura, Worapol, Chaval Sriwong, and Kittisak Choojun. "Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Rubber-TiO₂-rGO Composite Sheets for Dye Decomposition in Wastewater." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.738.

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In this work, rubber-TiO2-rGO (RT-rGO) composite sheets were successfully prepared by a simple latex mixing-casting method using TiO2 and natural rubber latex with different amounts of rGO loading. The prepared RT-rGO sheet samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, SEM and EDS techniques. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared RT-rGO sheets as catalyst were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) dye solution under UV light irradiation. The result indicated that all the composite sheets loaded with rGO had better photocatalytic activities than the sheet without rGO loading. RT-rGO6.2% sheet showed the highest removal efficiency of 93.3% which has the rate constant (kapp) as 98.2 times higher than the unloaded sheet. Furthermore, the efficiency of the RT-rGO sheet upon the repeated usage was also studied. The result indicated that the sheet could be easily used, recovered and reused many times with no need for the cleaning in between successive uses. Thus, the RT-rGO sheet appears to be an attractive-material for the wastewater treatment or the water purification industry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sheet material'

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