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KULIKOVA, A. YA. "QUALITY OF SHEEP SEED OF MEAT-WOOL BREEDS BY SEASON YEAR." Sheep, goats, wool business, no. 4 (2022): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2022-4-20-22.
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In the conditions of the hot climate of the South of Russia, purebred Texel sheep of Australian breeding by the beginning of the main breeding season in sheep breeding in the North Caucasus zone (end of August, fi rst decade of September) have reduced sexual activity, ejaculate volume and unsatisfactory seed quality, compared with Texel sheep of Finnish breeding and Kuban Lincolns. The reproductive ability of texel sheep of Australian breeding is restored at a later date.
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Lane, L. A., J. F. Ayres, and J. V. Lovett. "A review of the introduction and use of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in Australia —significance for breeding objectives." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 7 (1997): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97044.
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Summary. White clover was introduced to Australia with the early European settlers in the late 18th century and is now the most valuable pasture legume in high rainfall temperate regions of Australia. Through a process of ingress and naturalising in conjunction with pastoral expansion during the 19th century and widespread pasture improvement in the 20th century, white clover now occupies 6 million hectares in Australia and is of major significance for the sheep, beef cattle and dairy industries. This paper describes these historical influences on formation of the white clover zone in Australia and the continuing requirement for better adapted cultivars in key agro-geographic regions, with particular close reference to the northern tablelands of New South Wales—the most extensive dryland region. These considerations provide a basis for defining breeding objectives for white clover improvement in Australia.
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Besier, R. B., and S. C. J. Love. "Anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in Australia: the need for new approaches." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02229.
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Sheep worm infections increasingly threaten the profitability of the Australian sheep industry as the prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance continues to rise. Field experiments have demonstrated that the use of drenches that are of reduced efficacy due to resistance can reduce wool production by 10% and significantly reduce sheep sale value. The major factor in benzimidazole (BZ) and levamisole (LV) resistance, and in part macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in Haemonchus contortus, is considered to be the excessive frequency of treatment. In Ostertagia circumcincta, ML resistance appears to be related chiefly to interactions between the environment and the time of treatment, where resistant worms surviving drenches are not significantly diluted by worms acquired after treatment. Resistance to the BZs and LV affects almost all Australian sheep farms, and on most drench efficacy is now below a useful level. ML resistance is common in O. circumcincta in Western Australia, and increasingly prevalent in H. contortus in summer rainfall regions. Closantel resistance is a major threat to H.�contortus control in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. The organophosphate naphthalophos, especially when used in combination with other compounds, has proved useful although variable in efficacy. It is essential that the sheep industry adopts approaches that minimise reliance on chemical control, such as the breeding of worm resistant sheep, use of specific grazing strategies for worm control and apply flock treatment tactics to minimise further resistance development. New non-chemical technologies under development are also expected to contribute to more sustainable worm control. Nutritional regimens that minimise the impact of worm infections and enhance the immune response require investigation and integration into sustainable control practices.
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Lakota, E. А. "PRESERVATION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF STAVROPOL SHEEP BREED FOR POVOLZHYE DREY STEPPE ZONE." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 3(50) (September 8, 2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-179-184.
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In conditions of Povolzhye steppe zone development of productive qualities of Stavropol breed sheep was conducted by meat merino sheep. Experimental research was carried out in ZAO «Novaya Zhizn» in Novouzensky district of Saratov region, located in semi desert zone, bordering upon South-West Khazakhstan. The research aim was the increase and maintenance of genetic potential of Stavropol breed sheep of Povolzhye population. Working procedure is based on guidelines of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural sciences, All Union research institute of sheep and goat breeding. The study materials were Stavropol pure breed sheep and 1/8 –thoroughbred cross breed with Australian meat merino herdmates. As the result of stepped breeding of local Stavropol ewe with half bred by Australian meat merino ram- breeder of Stavropol breed animals of 1/2 ,1/4, 1/8 –blood were obtained, which then one- shear tupped by breeding «inter se». It is proved that in applying such selective method 1/8-blood by Australian meat merino sheep were characterized with higher body weight, better wool quality in contrast to Stavropol pure –breed herdmates. So, in 1/8-blood by Australian meat merino of hybrid ewe during breeding «inter se» live body at birth was higher than at pure breed herdmates for 5,56 %, during ablactation –at the age of 4 months - for 6,38 % (difference isn’t accurate). According to sharing of wool in grease, superiority of ewe of hybrid origin over pure breed was 5,6 % (Р≥0,99), but in terms of washed fiber it increases to 8,3 % (Р≥0,999). So, in dry steppe zone of Povolzhye new improved, according to its productive qualities, genotype of Stavropol breed sheep is created with retention of genetic resource that is essential economic factor for the modern maintenance of fine-wool sheep breeding field.
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Humphries, A. W., E. T. Kobelt, W. D. Bellotti, and G. C. Auricht. "Tolerance of Australian lucerne (Medicago sativa) germplasm to grazing by sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04044.
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The sheep grazing tolerance of a diverse range of lucerne germplasm (Medicago sativa subspp. sativa, falcata and caerulea) was investigated at Roseworthy in South Australia. Lucerne entries were established on a sandy loam soil in 1998 and managed with rotational grazing management for the first 12 months. Continuous grazing by sheep in the following year reduced the plant density of each entry as measured by plant frequency estimates by 2–98%. Lucerne was allowed to recover, then grazed continuously for another 12 months. There was great diversity in tolerance to sheep grazing among the entries tested, with final plant frequency ranging from 0–13% for highly winter-active entries, 7–23% (at least 7–23 plants/m2) for winter-active entries and 11–40% for winter dormant entries. A grazing tolerance index of commercial cultivars was determined by comparing their plant frequency decline under continuous grazing to that under rotational grazing in an adjacent experiment. Australian-bred highly winter-active cultivars displayed a greater level of tolerance than those developed overseas. The superior performance of several breeders’ lines in the continuously grazed trial indicates there is further scope for improvement with selection and breeding.
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HAAG, K. L., A. M. ARAÚJO, B. GOTTSTEIN, M. SILES-LUCAS, R. C. A. THOMPSON, and A. ZAHA. "Breeding systems in Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda; Taeniidae): selfing or outcrossing?" Parasitology 118, no. 1 (January 1999): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003485.
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We used the PCR–SSCP method followed by sequencing in order to assess the genetic variability of coding and non- coding parts of the genome of Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda; Taeniidae) and to test whether or not the parasite populations are mainly self-fertilizing. For this, we analysed a sample of 110 E. granulosus metacestode isolates collected from different geographical regions (Southern Brazil, Europe and Australia) and from different intermediate hosts (ovine, bovine, human, macropod, swine and equine). Using appropriate controls, we were able to identify 4 strains in that sample (sheep, cattle, pig and horse strains). The high degree of genetic differentiation between strains, but not within, and the monomorphism found in most loci (EgAg4, EgActII, EgHbx2 and EgAg6 – non-coding – EgAgB/1 and EgND1 – coding) indicated that they are largely selfed. On the other hand, outcrossing was also shown to occur, since 5 potential hybrid genotypes between cattle and sheep strains were found in populations of Southern Brazil, but absent in other geographical areas. We suggest that both processes are adaptive. The article also reports, for the first time, the occurrence of the E. granulosus cattle strain in South America.
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Csizmár, Nikolett, András Jávor, and Szilvia Kusza. "Examination of microsatellite markers of Dorper sheep breed." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 69 (March 23, 2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1789.
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Number of not woolly and molty sheep exceeds 60 million throughout the world. Their numbers and their importance is growing, still they have appeared in the past two decades all over in North-America, Australia, New-Zealand and also in Europe. The South African Dorper has been a pioneer among them in Hungary. It was introduced in 2006 in the country. The Dorper sheep is the second largest breed in South Africa, which was developed from the crossing of Dorset Horn and the Blackhead Persian. The aim of the EU Member States in terms of this specific breed is increasing the small populations, improving the productive qualities, in addition to this avoiding inbreeding. However, finding appropriate breeding stock is difficult due to the small size of available populations and also to the suspected common of origin. With the help of various molecular genetic methods we could get a total view of the genetic background of these flocks. Nowadays the most commonly known and used genetic markers are microsatellites, because their applications give fast, accurate and easily reproducible results. There is no specific descriptive information on the genetic background of Dorper populations in the various EU countries , also regarding diversity between populations. Therefore in our work we want to optimize the conditions of applicability of 31 selected microsatellite reactions as a first step of mapping the entire genetic background of the different EU Dorper populations.
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Reed, K. F. M. "Perennial pasture grasses—an historical review of their introduction, use and development for southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 8 (2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13284.
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The development and use of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh.) in the high-rainfall zone and the wheat–sheep zone is reviewed through the pastoral era of extensive grazing (from European settlement to ~1930), the expansive era of pasture improvement (1930–80) and in the modern era. Their adoption, in conjunction with inoculated clover seed, rose steadily in specifically Australian systems of animal production, designed with an appreciation of the environment, and aided by technical developments such as single-disc and aerial spreaders for mineral fertiliser, chemical fallowing and direct-drilling. These species remain vital contributors to the competitive productivity of Australia’s cattle and sheep industries. Perennial ryegrass (~6 Mha by 1994) and cocksfoot emerged as the most important after a wide range of species was introduced through the 19th Century; many of these became naturalised. Regional strains of perennial ryegrass were subsequently selected for commercialisation in Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. In the modern era, persistent ecotypes were harnessed to breed persistent cultivars. Vision to both improve grass persistence and extend the area of adaptation encouraged the adoption of phalaris (~2.7 Mha by 2009) and, to a lesser extent, early-flowering types of cocksfoot and tall fescue, particularly for the marginal-rainfall, wheat–sheep zone. The sowing of grass and clover seed expanded after the wide adoption of superphosphate, which became recognised as essential for correcting the severe deficiency of soil phosphorus and nitrogen associated with ancient, intensely weathered soils. The initial and dramatic response of clover to superphosphate increased farm revenue, so fostering a phase in which perennial grasses could be successfully sown, due to having the benefit of (biologically fixed) nitrogen. The influence of European practice, agricultural societies, the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, CSIRO, universities, state Departments of Agriculture, collaborative arrangements and individuals that nurtured and managed pasture technology, plant breeding, cultivar registration and evaluation are outlined. Future considerations emerging from the review include monitoring the national pasture inventory, promotion of the great potential for increasing livestock carrying capacity, cultivar discrimination and information, relevance of models, and national coordination of collaborative research.
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Baylov, V. V., and L. N. Trudova. "Rams balanoposthitis treatment." International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine 1 (2020): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.1.145.
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In recent years, sheep farms in the Lenin-grad region began to increase import from abroad of sheep breed "Dorper" This breed were bred in the 1930s in the deserts of South Africa. Later this breed began to be exported to Australia, the UK and in small quantities to Russia. Breed "Dorper" very precocious, young quickly gaining live weight up to 500 grams per day. Adult sheep reach a weight up to 90 kg or more. Rams can be used as producers from 5 months. Taking into account that, like all meat breeds of sheep, dorpers are very sensitive to drafts, high humidity, dampness in sheep-fields. The object of research- breeding sheep breed "Dorper". The research was carried out in the farm "SP A. Krylov" Leningrad re-gion. Two groups of 3 heads each were formed to treat the rams. In the scheme of treatment of animals of the first (experimental) group, a finely dispersed soft powder (manganese-acid potassium+copper sulfate+ boric acid + streptocide 1:1:3:5) was used, which was applied on the ulcer with the help of a powder blower. For animals of the second group were applied "Konkov ointment". For the rams of both groups were used a short novocaine blockade with an antibiotic (streptomycin) directly under the pathological focus. Repeated treatments were carried out after 3,6,12 16 days. It should be noted that balanoposthitis in rams appears mainly in autumn and spring. The use of complex powders in rams with ulcerative balanoposthitis showed positive dynamics of the course of this disease, re-duces the healing time of the ulcer surface by 3-4 days, compared to the conventional treatment in the farm with the use of "Konkov ointment
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Young, J. M., A. N. Thompson, M. Curnow, and C. M. Oldham. "Whole-farm profit and the optimum maternal liveweight profile of Merino ewe flocks lambing in winter and spring are influenced by the effects of ewe nutrition on the progeny's survival and lifetime wool production." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10078.
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Profitability of sheep production systems in southern Australia is optimised at a stocking rate that provides adequate nutrition for breeding ewes and enables efficient utilisation of grown pasture and supplements. In this paper we used bio-economic modelling to develop optimum liveweight1 profiles for spring-lambing Merino ewes in different environments. The modelling included the impacts of the ewe liveweight profile on the production of the ewe and the survival and lifetime wool production of her progeny. Fifteen ewe liveweight profiles were analysed for each region to determine the profitability of varying ewe liveweight at joining, varying rate of loss of liveweight after joining and the rate of gain in liveweight from the minimum to lambing. The analyses support the hypotheses that whole-farm profitability is sensitive to the liveweight profile of Merino ewe flocks and that there is a liveweight profile that maximises whole-farm profit. The variation between the most and least profitable ewe liveweight profile was $69 0002 per farm ($14.30/ewe) for south-west Victoria, $51 000 per farm ($8.70/ewe) for Great Southern Western Australia and $33 300 per farm ($9.70/ewe) for southern New South Wales. The changes in profit were due to differences in costs of feeding to achieve the ewe liveweight profile and its influence on the production of both the ewes and their progeny. Failure to include the impacts of liveweight profile on progeny survival and lifetime wool production incorrectly identifies the optimum ewe liveweight profile and provided inaccurate estimates of profitability. The optimum liveweight profiles for ewes lambing in spring were similar for all three regions and insensitive to changing commodity prices, pasture productivity and management. The optimum profile was to join ewes at ~90% of the standard reference weight of the genotype, lose a small amount of weight after joining and regain weight in late pregnancy to return to the joining weight by lambing. Regaining the liveweight lost in early pregnancy by lambing is the most important target to achieve. The cost per farm of missing this liveweight target by 1 kg was $13 000 ($2.60/ewe) for south-west Victoria, $8900 ($1.45/ewe) for Great Southern Western Australia and $5500 ($1.65/ewe) for southern New South Wales. By contrast, the cost per farm of missing the joining target by 1 kg was $5500 for south-west Victoria and less than $2000 across the other two regions. Whole-farm profit increased with increasing stocking rate up to an optimum and regardless of stocking rate there is an additional opportunity to increase whole-farm profit by up to 15% by managing ewes to achieve the optimum liveweight profile. This indicates that the optimum liveweight profile should be achieved by increasing the level of grain feeding and altering the timing of utilising the farm feed resources rather than manipulating stocking rate.
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Bray, M., D. K. Revell, C. S. Bawden, and P. I. Hynd. "Keratin gene expression in Merino sheep with divergent wool growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03253.
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South Australian Merino sheep were selected on the basis of high or low estimated breeding values (EBV) for wool growth rate (W), but with similar bodyweight, follicle density, and mean fibre diameter. Differences in the level of expression of keratin genes were examined in the skin of these sheep to test the hypothesis that divergence in EBV for wool growth is related to the production of wool proteins differing in sulfur (S) content. Further, it was proposed that this differential gene expression would be most pronounced when the supply of S amino acids to the animal was increased. Sheep selected for high EBV (+W) produced more wool per day than low EBV sheep (–W) (on average 32.5 v. 17.7 g/day clean wool, respectively; P < 0.05) but the S content of the wool did not differ between selection groups (2.77% v. 2.87% S, respectively; P = 0.2). Expression of keratin genes including keratin-associated protein KAP 2 (a high S gene), KAP 4 (an ultra-high S gene), KAP 6 (a high glycine/tyrosine gene), and the intermediate filament gene K 2.10, did not differ significantly between +W and –W groups. KAP 2 and K 2.10 each accounted for approximately 5% of the variation in wool growth rate (WGR) but expression of none of the genes examined was significantly related to the S content of the fibre produced. This suggests that differential keratin gene expression was not the source of genetic divergence in WGR. Instead the latter likely reflects a combination of differential cellular rate and growth processes (e.g. rate of bulb cell production, hypertrophy of cortical cells), differences in the relative production of inner root sheath and fibre from the follicle bulb cell population, or differential nutrient uptake into the follicle.
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Brash, LD, NM Fogarty, AR Gilmour, and AF Luff. "Genetic parameters for liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in Australian meat and dual-purpose sheep breeds." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 4 (1992): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920831.
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The genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances for liveweight at 5 to 19 months of age and ultrasonic subcutaneous fat depth were estimated using REML procedures for the Border Leicester, Suffolk, Corriedale, Coopworth and Gromark breeds. The data comprised 12 923 progeny from 46 flocks, representing 590 sires, and were collected by the New South Wales Meatsheep Testing Service between 1981 and 1990. Fixed effects included in the model were management group, birth type, rearing type, age of dam and age of lamb. Each breed was analysed separately, and the larger breed data sets (Border Leicester and Suffolk) were split on age at measurement. The estimates of heritability for the various data sets ranged from 0.09 � 0.09 to 0.40 � 0- 10 for liveweight and 0.07 � 0.08 to 0.40 � 0 -07 for fat depth. There was a moderate positive genetic correlation (0 - 14 to 0.77) between liveweight and fat depth. Adjustment of fat depth for liveweight reduced this genetic correlation (-0.34 to 0.24) and had little effect on the heritability of fat depth, which then ranged from 0-06 � 0-08 to 0.44 � 0.07. Variation in estimates between the breeds is discussed. The results will be used to provide breed-specific parameters to improve the accuracy of Estimated Breeding Values produced by LAMBPLAN, Australia's national performance testing scheme for meatsheep. The mean age of sires at the birth of progeny varied from 3-2 to 3-5 years amongst the breeds, with 14% to 30% of animals sired by rams 5 years of age or older. Sire-use patterns in some breeds indicated high levels of inbreeding.
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Reed, K. F. M., Z. N. Nie, and B. Clark. "Field evaluation of phalaris, tall fescue and cocksfoot cultivars and accessions in western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 10 (2008): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar08080.
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To assess their potential usefulness in the central and south-western Victorian environment, cultivars/experimental varieties and accessions of each of three perennial grasses, phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. Lolium arundinaceum. (Schreb.) Darbysh.), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), were established as swards by spring-sowing and then evaluated under rotational grazing by sheep. Pasture establishment, production, and survival following severe drought were measured at two locations. Persistent novel material of phalaris and tall fescue was identified that could increase the cool-season and year-round production relative to that obtained from current commercial cultivars. Phalaris and tall fescue varieties were compared at Hamilton. Results indicated that, in contrast to tall fescue, the seedling vigour of winter-active phalaris types was similar in spring relative to that of summer-active types. Most phalaris cultivars were more productive than tall fescue in autumn and winter (P < 0.05). For the experimental phalaris variety Perla × Sirocco, dry matter (DM) production during these seasons was 19% greater than for the most productive tall fescue, cv. Fraydo (P < 0.05). In a short growing season site at Warrak, winter-active cultivars of tall fescue produced up to 17% more DM in winter (P < 0.05) than the highest yielding, summer-active cv. Quantum MaxP, but for cumulative production over 3 years, Quantum MaxP was significantly more productive (P < 0.05) than 18 other entries. However, the persistence of Quantum and Quantum MaxP declined considerably post-drought; a more persistent accession from Sardinia, FA 005, was as productive as Quantum MaxP. Of the 13 cultivars compared in the longer growing season of Hamilton, Fraydo and Resolute MaxP were the most productive in winter (P < 0.05). For cumulative herbage yield over 4 years, Fraydo, Quantum MaxP, Quantum, Resolute MaxP, and Tanit were the most productive cultivars (P < 0.05). Infection with the MaxP endophyte did not affect persistence of Quantum at either site but improved the persistence of Resolute at Hamilton (P < 0.05). At Warrak, MaxP endophyte-infected Quantum was 35% more productive in summer–autumn than the endophyte-free cv. Quantum (P < 0.05). Compared with the most productive commercial cv. Holdfast, experimental varieties from breeding populations of winter-active phalaris selected for grazing tolerance and which incorporated Perla, were superior for seedling vigour (rating 5 v. 3), winter growth (by ≥15%), and cumulative production over 4 years (≥12%) (P < 0.05).
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Kelman, W. M., and R. A. Culvenor. "Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in Phalaris aquatica populations developed by divergent selection for panicle shattering and seed retention." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 7 (2007): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06383.
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Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a valuable perennial grass for grazing and land-care purposes in south-eastern Australia. Population survival is predominantly by clonal spread, whereas seedling recruitment is limited by low longevity in the seedbank, ant seed harvesting, and competition from other species. We examined the possibility that breeding and selection could alter the seed dispersal pattern of phalaris, and that this change would result in an increase in seedling recruitment under reduced competition created by grazing. Using 3 phalaris populations with contrasting degrees of panicle shattering and seed retention, and the commercial cultivar, Holdfast, seed dispersal, seedling emergence, and plant establishment were followed over 3 years at a field site near Canberra, ACT. In 2 of the years, half the experimental area was grazed intensively by sheep for a 4-day period after seed dispersal in early autumn. Consistent differences in the timing of seed dispersal were demonstrated between the early, free seed dispersal of the panicle shattering/non-seed-retaining population and the more prolonged seed dispersal of the seed-retaining populations. The 2 seed-retaining populations had greater seedling emergence and recruitment than cv. Holdfast, but did not attain emergence or recruitment levels of the non-seed-retaining population, possibly because of poorer seed–soil contact. Averaged over populations, more seedlings emerged in the grazed than in the ungrazed area, but the number of established plants at the end of the experiment was similar in the 2 areas. Emerged seedlings were 1–2% of the seed rain in each season, but the proportion of established plants at the end of the third season was less than 0.1% of the seed rain in the third season and 3–5% of the number of seedlings that emerged in the 2 previous years. Final recruitment levels were 1–4 established plants/m2. The study confirmed that selection in phalaris populations can produce plants with a more prolonged seed dispersal period, and thus greater potential for seedling recruitment than current seed-retaining cultivars The work suggested that recruitment, while low, has a potential role in the persistence of phalaris pastures, but management of the established pasture base remains the most effective means of maintaining population persistence under commercial grazing.
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O'Callaghan, M. G., P. J. O'Donoghue, and E. Moore. "Coccidia in sheep in South Australia." Veterinary Parasitology 24, no. 3-4 (May 1987): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(87)90038-0.
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RAADSMA, H. W., G. D. GRAY, and R. R. WOOLASTON. "Breeding for disease resistance in Merino sheep in Australia." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.17.1.1103.
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Sari, Eka Meutia. "Economic Evaluation of The Breeding Objective for Meat Sheep." Jurnal Agripet 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v2i1.3089.
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ABSTRACT. Data ultrasound and Computer Tomography (CT) diambil dari Meat Elite Project NSW Australia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengembangkan indek seleksi pada berat domba pada saat dijual (PWWT) dan sifat kualitas daging (EM4, EMD, EMW, FD) pada domba pedaging seluruh dat diambil sejak tahun 1992-1994 sebanyak 869 data yang diambil dari Meat Elite Project di Australia. Jenis domba yang dipergunakan adalah domba Poll Dorset. Heritabilitas untuk kualitas daging 0.15-0.36. Secara keseluruhan perolehan nilai ekonomi dari ultrasound lebih kecil dari Computer Tomography yaitu; $4.27 dan $5.91. Peningkatannya nilai ekonomi pada ketebalan lemak ($-4.66), menyebabkan perubahan pada indek seleksi terhadap semua sifat dengan menggunakan ultrasound lebih kecil dari menggunakan Computer Tomography.
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Shaughnessy, PD, NJ Gales, TE Dennis, and SD Goldsworthy. "Distribution and abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South Australia and Western Australia." Wildlife Research 21, no. 6 (1994): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940667.
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A survey to determine the distribution and abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South Australia and Western Australia was conducted in January-March 1990. Minor surveys were conducted in the summers of 1987-88, 1988-89 and 1990-91. Although the surveys were primarily of black pups in breeding colonies, opportunity was taken to count fur seals of all age-classes, including those in non-breeding colonies. Pups were counted and, in more accessible and larger colonies, numbers of pups were estimated by a mark-recapture technique. The latter technique gave higher estimates than counting, and was considered more accurate. In South Australia, the seals extend from The Pages in Backstairs Passage to Nuyts Reef in the Great Australian Bight. In Western Australia, the range comprised islands on the south coast from the Recherche Archipelago to islands near Cape Leeuwin. There are 29 breeding localities; 13 are in South Australia and 16 in Western Australia. Eighteen of these have not been reported previously. The term ''breeding locality'' is used for aggregations of breeding colonies as well as for isolated breeding colonies. Estimates of the number of pups for the 1989-90 breeding season were 5636 in South Australia and 1429 in Western Australia. This leads to a population estimate of approximately 34600 seals in these two states (using a multiplier of 4.9). But such estimates of overall abundance must be treated cautiously as the multiplier incorporates estimates of population parameters not available for A. forsteri. Most of the population (77%) is in central South Australian waters (from Kangaroo Island to the southern end of Eyre Peninsula). With the estimate of 100 for a breeding colony in southern Tasmania, the population of New Zealand fur seals in Australia can be estimated at 34700. Historical aspects of some colonies are outlined and evidence for increases described. The largest breeding localities are at South Neptune Islands (1964 pups) and North Neptune Islands (1472). The combined Neptunes group accounts for 49% of the pup estimate for Australia. One-fifth of the pups are from colonies on Kangaroo Island and the nearby Casuarinas.
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Torekhanov, A. A., and N. K. Zhumadillayev. "ETTI MERINOS – KAZAKHSTANI EXPORT-ORIENTED MEAT BREAD." REPORTS 335, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.21.
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Sheep breeding in Kazakhstan is a traditional branch of animal husbandry. The development of the industry is facilitated by the presence of large areas of pasture lands, as well as the existing valuable gene pool of breed resources, created by national selection and long-term work of scientists-breeders. The republic has great potential for the further development of sheep breeding industry and is able not only to meet the population's need for mutton, but also to become a major exporter. The restoration and further development of domestic sheep breeding should be based on rational use of genetic potential of animals and natural pastures of the country for the cost-effective production of high quality sheep products that meet international standards. The article deals with the development of fine-wool sheep breeding in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions, improvement of meat characteristics of the South Kazakh merino. The experience of using "etti merino" rams-producers in farms of Turkestan region showed that meat merino rams have a positive effect on meat productivity of the South Kazakh merino, and at the same time do not worsen their wool characteristics. The information on the population number of sheep of "Etti Merino" breed for 2020, the class composition of the ewes on farms, productivity of rams-producers in a number of generations, assessment of the quality of the offspring of 6-7 month old rams, wool productivity of the breeding groups of female sheep are presented.
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Ayres, J. F., J. R. Caradus, L. A. Lane, and R. D. Murison. "White clover breeding for dryland sheep and cattle pastures in Australia." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 6 (January 1, 1996): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3358.
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Despite the potential value of white clover for Australian pastures in the high rainfall zone, there is a lack of adapted cultivars, especially for dryland environments where hot dry conditions in summer limit persistence. A joint NZ AgResearch - NSW Agriculture breeding project is evaluating key groups of world-sourced white clover germplasm characterised by specific criteria; medium leaf/early flowering, high nodal root frequency, taprootedness, stoloniferous/medium leaf and drought tolerance. Results in the first growth cycle indicated that plant spread and herbage yield were associated with these criteria. Results over three growth cycles will be used to identify elite parent genotypes for polycrossing and testing in target dryland environments. Keywords: breeding, drought tolerance, dryland pastures, persistence, Trifolium repens, white clover
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Wheeler, SH, and DR King. "The European Rabbit in South- Western Australia II. Reproduction." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850197.
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'The reproduction of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), at two intensive study sites in south-western Australia is compared with reproductive data from rabbits taken throughout the coastal and inland districts of the south-west region. South-western Australia has hot, arid summers and cool wet winters. Rabbit breeding in the region is characteristic of that in Mediterranean climates, with a winter breeding season which begins when pastures germinate with the initial winter rainfall (April-May) and ceases when the pastures dry out at the end of the year. Unseasonal cyclonic rain can promote pasture growth in summer, leading to limited breeding. At all times of year there were some fertile males, with fewest at the height of summer, followed by an increase before the winter breeding season. Near the coast, male fertility increased more rapidly than further inland. At our two study sites at Cape Naturaliste (on the coast) and Chidlow (55 km inland) the pattern was similar to that in the coastal district. Production of kittens was greater near the coast than further inland, because near the coast there was a high early peak in incidence of pregnancy, a second peak late in the year, and litters remained large throughout the breeding season. In the inland district, the early incidence of pregnancy was lower, there was no second peak, and litter sizes fell at the end of the year. Female reproduction at Cape Naturaliste was typical of that in the coastal district, but that at Chidlow was typical of the inland. The second peak of pregnancy at Cape Naturaliste was due to intensive breeding by subadults born earlier in the year. The differences in female reproduction and productivity between the coastal and inland districts are probably because pasture growth begins earlier and is better in the more fertile coastal areas than in the inland. That nutrition is better for rabbits in the coastal areas than in the inland is reflected in higher growth rates of kittens at Cape Naturaliste than at Chidlow. It is postulated, on the basis of the literature and the results of our studies, that the factor which determines whether rabbits will breed is the presence of growing vegetation, and that the intensity of breeding is influenced by a seasonal cycle in fertility.
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Ottaway, JR, R. Carrick, and MD Murray. "Reproductive Ecology of Silver Gulls, Larus-Novaehollandiae Stephens, in South-Australia." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880541.
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Aspects of the reproductive ecology of silver gulls, Larus novaehollandiae Stephens, were studied in South Australia during 1968-78. Some 15 950 pulli and 597 breeding adults were banded on 15 colonies, using numbered and coloured leg bands designed for identification of free-living individuals without the necessity of recapture. Nine colonies were on marine islands, four were on lacustrine islands, one was on a port breakwater, and one was on causeways in a saltworks complex. Fidelity to colony, mate and nest-site, and timing of breeding are considered in detail. The spatial relationship of adult and immature gulls, on the colony studied in greatest detail, and reproductive longevity of the gulls are also discussed. The gulls nested from June to December inclusive, although the commencement and length of breeding seasons varied between colonies and between years. There was a marked absence of 1-year-old gulls on breeding colonies. Of 3530 pulli banded on the major study colony, Penguin Island (37�30''S., 140�01''E.) at Beachport, in 1968, 950 were known to be alive in the 1970 breeding season. Almost 40% of these 2-year-olds were seen on breeding colonies, and mostly on the natal colony; however, only 0.3% were known to raise pulli, and a further 0.7% to produce eggs. Significant breeding activity therefore did not commence until the end of the third year, or later. The older, previously established breeders on Penguin Island were significantly more successful, and had significantly earlier laying dates, than younger birds. Potential reproductive longevity appears to be at least 11 breeding seasons. In this study, silver gulls showed considerably less fidelity to nest-sites and colonies than has been suggested previously. Significant shifts of nest-site, or change of colony, with or without the previous mate, were not uncommon. Of gulls banded on nests as established breeding aduls, 7-44% of gulls found breeding in subsequent years were at colonies other than the one where banded. In 1970, over 80% of 2-year-old gulls recorded present on any colony were only recorded on the natal one. Of the pulli banded on Penguin Island in 1968 and 1969 and later found actually nesting or breeding, 18% were recorded on other colonies. A small percentage of gulls were seen to have high fidelity to nest-site and to mate over 3 or 4 seasons, but it is suggested that, for some colonies, over 50% of silver gulls which eventually breed may do so at colonies other than natal. Significant spatial separation was found on Penguin Island between areas generally occupied by established breeders, which were known to be at least 4-year-olds, and by the 2-year-olds. The older birds may select and hold the territories most suitable for nesting, where vegetation or topography minimise intraspecific aggression which often leads to high mortality rates of eggs and pulli, and assist protection of eggs and pulli from extreme weather. Non-breeding gulls associating with the colonies occasionally move into the nesting areas, but are aggressively forced away and tend to congregate on the periphery of the colony or on exposed areas not suitable for successful breeding.
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Akale, Adina, Tadlo Mengesha, Addis Getu, and Solomon Abegaz. "Herd management and breeding practices of holla sheep owners in south wollo zone, Ethiopia." International Journal of Biological Research 5, no. 2 (October 11, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v5i2.8333.
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This study was aimed to generate organized information on selective breeding objectives, trait's preferences and major constraints of the Holla sheep production system in Kalu and Worebabo districts of South Wollo Zone under small holders' management conditions. The study was performed based on the semi-structured questionnaire, focused group discussions. Secondary data source analysis and field observations were used to generate the required information. In addition, simple random sampling technique was used to select 180 sheep owners. Simple descriptive statistics, ranking trial and chip-square test was considered. The primary purpose of keeping sheep was asset development (income generation) followed by breeding purposes with the index value of 0.365 and 0.201, respectively. Body size/Appearance was the primary preference in both districts for breeding ram index value of 0.258 and 0.207 Kalu and Worebabu, respectively. In the study areas, culling inferior sheep, weaning, record keeping, castrating ram at right age and provision of regular vaccination before disease out breaks were poorly practiced. Age at first sexual maturity of male sheep was 7.3±2.17and 7.23±1.34 months while for females 7.9±1.87 and 5.8±1.16 months in Kalu and Worebabo district, respectively. Disease prevalence and genetic potential were the major production constraints in the entire studied districts. In order to minimize the failure of breed improvement programs it is important to involve farmers considering the existing breeding practices, management systems and trait preferences of the community and the multipurpose roles of targeted animals.
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Isaeva, D. A., and O. S. Korotkevich. "Characteristics of the Edilbay sheep breed of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-157-163.
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The article analyses material from sheep domestication to the present state. Data on the world’s leading countries, where sheep breeding is most intensively developed, are given. The largest sheep populations are concentrated in China, Australia, India and Sudan. There are 995 registered local sheep breeds, of which 100 are international cross-border sheep breeds. Many species are continually becoming extinct. Therefore, the problem of preserving the unique gene pool of aboriginal breeds is acute in many countries. More than 20 breeds of sheep are bred in Kazakhstan. Over the last ten years, the number of sheep in the Republic has been between 18.0-20.0 million. The most widespread sheep breeds are Edilbay, Kazakh Arkharmerinos and Kazakh Kurdish coarse-wool sheep. Sheep of the Edilbay breed are bred in 10 regions of Kazakhstan. Edilbay breed is adapted to breeding in areas of dry steppes, semi-desert and desert regions. The article gives a brief zootechnical characteristic of Edilbay sheep and describes the epizootic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to changing the breeding strategy. In further breeding and pedigree work, the aim is to create a sheep population with reduced fat content. A plan has been outlined for comprehensive studies of the sheep gene pool and phenofund, including evaluating protein, carbohydrate, fat and mineral metabolism, chemical, physiological, cytogenetic, molecular-genetic, and other research methods. Water, soil, and feed will be monitored for heavy metals and macronutrients during the experimental work.
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McLean, B. M. L., O. D. Davies, and D. E. Evans. "Improving lamb performance from Welsh Mountain Sheep breeding groups." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006050.
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Sheep group breeding schemes have gained in popularity in recent years. The objectives of group breeding schemes are to improve desirable traits such as carcass conformation, weight and maternal ability whilst maintaining local type. However, if group breeding schemes were to work together then a larger genetic pool of performance recorded animals would be available to facilitate improvements. The objectives of this project were therefore twofold, 1.) was to improve traits such as weight and carcass conformation and 2.) to demonstrate the benefits of cooperative groups working together. In this project, group breeding schemes from North and Mid Wales have been working together with ram performance testing groups from North, South and Mid Wales to improve results from Welsh Mountain breeding schemes.
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Williams, A. R., L. J. E. Karlsson, D. G. Palmer, P. E. Vercoe, I. H. Williams, J. C. Greeff, and D. L. Emery. "Faecal dry matter and nematode infection in parasite-resistant Merino sheep in Australia." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028684.
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Scouring (diarrhoea) is a major concern for sheep producers as the accumulation of faecal material (dags) around the breech pre-disposes sheep to flystrike. Scouring occurs when the consistency of faeces is fluid with a low percentage of dry matter. In temperate areas such as the southern half of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, scouring is associated with ingestion of parasitic nematode larvae, mainly Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Larsen et al., 1994). Breeding sheep to be resistant to these nematodes is a sustainable parasite-control strategy due to reduced reliance on chemical treatment. However, in adult sheep, scouring appears equally prevalent in resistant animals and, in some environments, is even more severe than in susceptible sheep (Karlsson et al., 2004). In this experiment, we investigated how faecal dry matter (FDM) in sheep from a flock bred for resistance to parasitic nematodes changed when challenged with infective larvae. We expected that FDM would be lower in challenged sheep compared to unchallenged controls, and FDM would also be lower in sheep with high dag scores compared to sheep with low dag scores.
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Shaughnessy, P. D., S. D. Goldsworthy, and A. I. Mackay. "The long-nosed fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) in South Australia in 2013–14: abundance, status and trends." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 2 (2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14103.
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The long-nosed (or New Zealand) fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) breeds in southern Australia and New Zealand. Most of the Australian population is in South Australia, between Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Fur seal populations in southern Australia were heavily exploited by colonial sealers between 1801 and 1830, resulting in major reductions. Numbers remained low for 150 years, then slowly built up and new colonies established across their presumed former range. Here we present estimates of pup abundance at South Australia colonies, mostly during the 2013–14 breeding season. Long-nosed fur seals bred from Baudin Rocks in the south-east to Fenelon Island in the north-west. In total, 29 breeding colonies produced 20 431 pups, 3.6 times greater than the 1989–90 estimate; the increase is attributed to recovery from 19th century overharvesting. The 2013–14 pup estimate leads to an estimate of abundance of long-nosed fur seals in South Australia of 97 200. Most pups were on Kangaroo Island (49.6%) and the Neptune Islands (38.6%). New breeding colonies were identified on Williams Island and at two small sites on Kangaroo Island. The increasing trend in South Australia is likely to continue over the coming decade, primarily by expansion in colonies on Kangaroo Island and by establishment of new colonies.
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Sumner, John, Elena Petrenas, Peter Dean, Paul Dowsett, Geoff West, Rinie Wiering, and Geoff Raven. "Microbial contamination on beef and sheep carcases in South Australia." International Journal of Food Microbiology 81, no. 3 (March 2003): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00220-9.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Simon D. Goldsworthy, Paul Burch, and Terry E. Dennis. "Pup numbers of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) at The Pages Islands, South Australia, over two decades." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13015.
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The Australian sea lion is an Australian endemic, restricted to South Australia and Western Australia, with 86% of the population in South Australia. It was listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act as Vulnerable in February 2005, and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has listed it as Endangered. Sea lions are taken as bycatch in the gill-net fishery for school shark and gummy shark, and the risk of extinction of breeding colonies is high even from low levels of bycatch. We assessed trends in pup population size at The Pages Islands, a large breeding colony in South Australia. Pup abundance was estimated by direct counting of live and dead pups; the maximum count in each breeding season was used for trend analysis. The average of direct counts of pups in 14 breeding seasons between 1989–90 and 2009–10 was 473 (s.d. = 58.4). There was no trend in pup numbers, contrasting with two other large colonies: Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island (decreasing), and Dangerous Reef (increasing since 2000). The Australian Sea Lion Management Strategy of the Australian Fisheries Management Authority aims to reduce sea lion bycatch in the shark fishery; a key item is a fishery closure around each breeding colony in South Australia. Implementation of the closure around The Pages should lower the risk of bycatch of its sea lions with foraging areas that previously overlapped with the fishery and should allow the colony’s population size to increase.
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Schoeman, S. J., S. W. P. Cloete, and J. J. Olivier. "Returns on investment in sheep and goat breeding in South Africa." Livestock Science 130, no. 1-3 (May 2010): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.012.
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Swan, Andrew A., David J. Johnston, Daniel J. Brown, Bruce Tier, and Hans-U. Graser. "Integration of genomic information into beef cattle and sheep genetic evaluations in Australia." Animal Production Science 52, no. 3 (2012): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11117.
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Genomic information has the potential to change the way beef cattle and sheep are selected and to substantially increase genetic gains. Ideally, genomic data will be used in combination with pedigree and phenotypic data to increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBVs) and selection indexes. The first example of this in Australia was the integration of four markers for tenderness into beef cattle breeding values. Subsequently, the availability of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels has made selection using genomic information possible, while at the same time creating significant challenges for genetic evaluation with regard to both data management and statistical modelling. Reference populations have been established in both the beef cattle and sheep industries, in which an extensive range of phenotypes have been collected and animals genotyped mainly using 50K SNP panels. From this information, genomic predictions of breeding value have been developed, albeit with varying levels of accuracy. These predictions have been incorporated into routine genetic evaluations using three approaches and trial results are now available to breeders. In the first, genomic predictions have been included in genetic evaluation models as additional traits. The challenges with this method have been the construction of consistent genetic covariance matrices, and a significant increase in computing time. The second approach has been to use a selection index procedure to blend genomic predictions with existing EBVs. This method has been shown to produce very similar results, and has the advantage of being simple to implement and fast to operate, although consistent genetic covariance matrices are still required. Third, in sheep a single-step analysis combining a genomic relationship matrix with a standard pedigree-based relationship matrix has been used to estimate breeding values for carcass and eating-quality traits. It is likely that this procedure or one similar will be incorporated into routine evaluations in the near future. While significant progress has been made in implementing methods of integrating genomic information in both beef and sheep evaluations in Australia, the major challenges for the future will be to continue to collect the phenotypes needed to derive accurate genomic predictions, and in managing much larger volumes of genomic data as the number of animals genotyped and the density of markers increase.
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Badirova, Arzu Insalla kizi. "Spreading bowel paraziteies (Eimerii, Cryptosporidium)in sheep in the south regions of Azerbaijan." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i3pp45-47.
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In 2018–2019 in order to study the dynamics of the spread of protozoan intestinal parasites, scatological studies of various age groups of sheep were carried out in private sheep-breeding farms in Masalli and Astara regions of the southern region of Azerbaijan. It was found out that in the farms of the Masalli region, the infection of sheep with eimeria is 30.7%, with cryptosporidium - 29.3%; in the farms of Astara region, respectively, 27.1 and 24.2%.
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Delroy, LB, J. Earl, I. Radbone, AC Robinson, and M. Hewett. "The Breeding and Reestablishment of the Brush-Tailed Bettong, Bettongia-Penicillata, in South-Australia." Wildlife Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860387.
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The brush-tailed bettong formerly ranged over much of southern Australia, but is now extinct except in the south-west of Western Australia and northern Queensland. A small colony was obtained from the Perth Zoo in 1975 and these were bred successfully at the Para Wirra Recreation Park near Adelaide and provided stock for a re-establishment program in South Australia. Details of the breeding program are given. Bettongs were kept in small colonies, usually one male and two or three females; the young were removed when they reached 550 g, or, with very intensive breeding, at a lower weight. The animals were fed principally on commercial kangaroo pellets with a range of supplements. Usually two offspring per year were produced although up to three were produced with intensive breeding. Females commenced breeding when approximately 4 months old. Techniques for re-establishment were tested on small islands. One island, Island A in Venus Bay, provided apparently ideal habitat and the captive-bred stock released there established quickly. Bettongs bred in the wild on two small and two large islands. However, the introduction to St Francis I., their last stronghold before extinction in South Australia, was least successful. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Zhelyazkova, P., V. Petrova, and D. Dimov. "Study on the continuity of farmer`s breeding activity with Patch Faced Maritza sheep breed." Agricultural Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2018): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2018.04.054.
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Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze tendencies in the population of Patch Faced Maritza sheep breed and estimation of sustainability of the breeding program for this breed by analyzing continuity of farmer`s breeding activity. Patch Faced Maritza sheep breed is a local Bulgarian sheep breed typical for lowland regions of South Bulgaria and could be successfully used as local genetic resource in productive strategies for milk and meat production. Data about breeders and population structure of the breed during 27 years (1991-2017) were provided by the breeding association of Maritza sheep breed. The changes in the population structure during the 2005-2017 were tracking. The number of breeders included in the breeding program was increased from 10 to 88 herds. This positive trend in the population and increased farmer`s interest to participate in the breeding program were due to government programs for supporting sheep farming and preserve many indigenous sheep breeds that are part of agricultural heritage. The increased number of herds included in the breeding program led up to enlarge active population in three main reproductive categories: ewes, rams and breeding lambs. Comparatively small number of ewes, rams and breeding lambs which in 2005 were respectively 375, 13 and 180 run to 7678, 493 and 1868 in 2017. This enlarge of active population was achieved by three ways: joining farmers which kept Patch Faced Maritza sheep but not participating in official breeding program of the breed, increasing the breeding lambs for replacement rate and limited upgrade crossing. On the based breeding activity contracts with farmers it was estimated continuity of breeding activity in two categories of breeders: finished breeding activity with the breed and continuing with active breeding activity with the breed. The causes for discontinuing of active farmers breeding work were analysed. A total number of farmers which finished breeding activity was 54 for 27 years. Averaged continuity of farmer`s breeding activity was 4.26 years. The analysis of this information find out five reasons for discontinuing farmers breeding activity: disinterest, death, old age, switching to another business, and changing the breed. From the listed reasons the most important are switching to another business 23 farmers and disinterest for active breeding work 17 farmers. The most important fact results nowadays is the fact that Patch Faced Maritza sheep is occurred already in 11 regions in Bulgaria, although 74.11% of the population is situated in two regions Plovdiv and Pazardzhik.
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Pullman, AL, I. Beveridge, and RR Martin. "Epidemiology of nematode infections of weaner sheep in the cereal zone of South Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 4 (1988): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880691.
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Trichostrongyloid nematode infections of weaner sheep were investigated at the Turretfield and Minnipa Research Centres in the cereal zone of South Australia over a three-year period (1982-1985). Acquisition of nematode larvae from pasture occurred over a limited period each year, principally during the winter months, and coincided with the elimination of, or a reduction in the numbers of adult nematodes; sheep subsequently resisted challenge by infective larvae. Faecal egg counts were elevated during the summer, but declined to negligible levels during the winter months when larval challenge was at its maximum. Scouring, which was common in untreated sheep during winter at Turretfield, did not occur in regularly treated sheep, but no adverse effects were noted at Minnipa.
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SCHULTZ, M. A., and N. I. KLOMP. "Chick-provisioning behaviour of two shearwaters breeding in south-eastern Australia." Austral Ecology 25, no. 4 (August 2000): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2000.tb00036.x.
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Schultz, M. A., and N. I. Klomp. "Chick-provisioning behaviour of two shearwaters breeding in south-eastern Australia." Austral Ecology 25, no. 4 (August 2000): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01041.x.
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Warren, Victoria E., Rochelle Constantine, Michael Noad, Claire Garrigue, and Ellen C. Garland. "Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 201084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201084.
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The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia and New Caledonia (2015–2017). Singing northbound whales migrated past New Zealand from June to August via the east coast of the South Island and Cook Strait. Few song detections were made along the east coast of the North Island. New Zealand song matched New Caledonia song, suggesting a migratory destination, but connectivity to East Australia could not be ruled out. Two song types were present in New Zealand, illustrating the potential for easterly song transmission from East Australia to New Caledonia in this shared migratory corridor. This study enhances our understanding of western South Pacific humpback whale breeding population connectivity, and provides novel insights into the dynamic transmission of song culture.
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Dunlop, JN. "Reproductive Periodicity in a Population of Crested Terns, Sterna bergii Lichtenstein in South Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 1 (1985): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850095.
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Crested terns breeding in the Fremantle area of south-western Australia nest over an 8-month period, from early April to early November. However, laying is markedly bimodal, with subseasons in autumn and spring. Observations of individually marked breeding crested terns indicated a sedentary population utilizing a number of alternative, traditional colony sites all of which were within the study area. Individual crested terns tended to lay in the same part of the season as in the previous year. Colonies made up of terns with similarly phased reproductive cycles formed at different times within the protracted laying period. Individuals completed only one nesting cycle within a season, remaining in breeding condition for approximately 11-13 weeks. Breeding cycles were broadly circannual but potentially sub-annual. Despite superficial similarities at the populational level, this laying pattern differs markedly from that recorded for the silver gull in the same area. The pattern of breeding shown by crested terns therefore provides a second model to explain the double-nesting phenomenon observed in a number of seabird species on the western Australian coastline.
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Islamov, E., G. Kulmanova, B. Kulataev, D. Bekbaeva, D. Darkenbayuly, and P. Kulemetova. "IMPROVEMENT THE PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF KAZAKH MEAT-WOOL SEMI-FINE SHEEP BY USING THE ROMNEY-MARSH BREED." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 248, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-248-4-82-85.
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The article presents the wool productivity of different sex and age groups of Kazakh meat-wool semi-fine wool sheep in the south and south-east of Kazakhstan. The growth and development, meat and woolen productivity, meat and breeding qualities of purebred and kneaded lambs and yaks of the first generation of kneaded Kazakh meat-wool semi-fine sheep with the blood of Romney marsh breed have been studied.
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Bolowe, Monosi Andries, Ketshephaone Thutwa, Phetogo Ineeleng Monau, Cosmas Malejane, and Patrick Monametsi Kgwatalala. "Production Characteristics and Management Practices of Indigenous Tswana Sheep in Southern Districts of Botswana." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070830.
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The aim of this study was to describe the indigenous Tswana sheep production systems, their management and farmers’ preferred selection traits when selecting breeding rams in four southern districts of Botswana. A total of 105 households; Kgatleng (n = 30), Kweneng (n = 27), southern (n = 24) and south–east (n = 24) districts were interviewed using structured questionnaire. An index-based approach was used to rank farmers’ most preferred traits for their production systems. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The Chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance among categorical variables. The results indicated that indigenous Tswana sheep are mainly kept by males, single people, aged between 51 and 60 years possessing primary and secondary education. Management practices across the districts include castration, health care and supplementation mostly during the dry season. Superior fitness traits of indigenous Tswana rams over exotic rams were considered more important when selecting breeding rams in Kgatleng, Kweneng and south–east while in the southern district, rams were mainly selected based on body size. Most farmers kept breeding rams while those who did not keep rams depended on communal rams for service. This information is important in designing successful breeding programs and strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of indigenous Tswana sheep genetic resources.
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Pullman, AL, I. Beveridge, and RR Martin. "Corrigendum - Epidemiology of nematode infections of weaner sheep in the cereal zone of South Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 4 (1988): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880691c.
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Trichostrongyloid nematode infections of weaner sheep were investigated at the Turretfield and Minnipa Research Centres in the cereal zone of South Australia over a three-year period (1982-1985). Acquisition of nematode larvae from pasture occurred over a limited period each year, principally during the winter months, and coincided with the elimination of, or a reduction in the numbers of adult nematodes; sheep subsequently resisted challenge by infective larvae. Faecal egg counts were elevated during the summer, but declined to negligible levels during the winter months when larval challenge was at its maximum. Scouring, which was common in untreated sheep during winter at Turretfield, did not occur in regularly treated sheep, but no adverse effects were noted at Minnipa.
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Ceyhan, Ayhan, Vecihi Aksakal, Gürsel Dellal, Mehmet Koyuncu, Nedim Koşum, and Turgay Taşkın. "Türkiye’de Organik Koyun ve Keçi Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu ve Gelişim Stratejileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 13 (December 29, 2017): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i13.1769-1780.1642.
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Conventional production methods are widely used in agricultural production in order to provide healthy and balanced nutrition to the growing population in the world. However, the chemical substances used to increase the efficiency and combat against diseases in plant and animal production affects human and animal health by passing to water and soil. Today, consumers around the world, especially in developed countries such as the European Union (EU) countries, the United States (USA), Japan, Canada and Australia are need of consumption of agricultural products that do not harm the environment and do not affect people and animals negatively. Sheep and goat breeding both in Turkey and in the world, organic animal meat and milk production in the consumer's needs to meet the demands is playing an important role. Worldwide, in 2012, the number of certified organic cattle, sheep and pigs are approximately 4.6, 5.6 and 1.0 million head, respectively. 2015 years, the number of organic certified cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and poultry are approximately 3.7, 0.978, 4.5, 0.718 and 31.6 million head, respectively in the European Union (EU) 28 countries. The most significant increase in organic livestock production in Turkey occurred in goat breeding (652.1%), followed by poultry (187.7%) and sheep (22.3%) breeding. Organic milk and red meat production of Turkey has occurred 2.6% and 38.2% of sheep and 6.3% and 1.6% of goats in 2015 year.
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Suprun, I., A. Getya, and V. Fychak. "The current state and future outlook for development of sheep breeding in Ukraine." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2(166) (December 9, 2021): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2021-166-2-21-31.
Full textAbstract:
Our research aimed to analyse the current state of the sheep industry in Ukraine, to highlight the geographical location of genetic resources, to describe the state of the breeding work, and to form the proposals for the development of this branch in the future. The date from the State register of breeding farms for 2005-2019 and statistical reporting were used for analysis. It is shown that Ukraine has good natural and climatic preconditions, as well as customer demands for the development of the sheep industry. In addition to the domestic market, it is necessary to look for opportunities to enter foreign markets. Over the last 15 years, the sheep industry in Ukraine has undergone significant changes: the form of ownership has changed, the number of livestock has decreased and the breed composition of sheep has changed. At present time, there are 0.7 million sheep in Ukraine, 26.7 thousand are registered like breeding animals belonging to 10 breeds. Breeding work in the sheep industry in Ukraine does not meet modern requirements: the total number of breeding stock of 26.7 thousand is insufficient for production needs. The number of farms engaged in sheep breeding has critically decreased. The situation is critical for such breeds as the Latvian dark-headed, Ukrainian mountain Carpathian and Sokilska. There is no organized breeding workin Ukraine regarding many popular breeds of sheep, which are popular among producers and are already available in the country. Ukrainian mountain Carpathian and Sokilska breeds belong to local breeds, but due to the lack of organized selection work they may be lost. The largest number of sheep is concentrated in the south and west of the country, where the climatic conditions are favourable for this branch in the past. The leaders in terms of numbers are Odesa and Transcarpathia, Chernivtsi and Zaporizhia regions. Breeding pedigree animals are concentrated in Odesa and Kherson oblasts. The most numerous breeds are the Askanian meat-wool breed with crossbred wool and the Askanian Karakul breed. Taking into consideration the big potential of the sheep breeding, it is proposed to perform some steps to stimulate its development in Ukraine. To improve the sheep industry in Ukraine it is necessary to implement a set of measures, in particular: to extend the system of state support to the sheep industry; to promote the construction of slaughterhouses, including the use of the slaughter system HALAL; to assist in finding new markets for fattened animals or meat in abroad, especially in countries with Muslim population; to use state support mechanisms to facilitate breeding work; to allow to keep registers of breeding animals by producer associations and other interested organizations; to simplify the procedure for registration of production facilities for the production of local cheeses and other products; to impose a duty on the export of adult animals not for breeding purposes. The implementation of these measures will promote the development of sheep breeding in Ukraine and will serve as a basis for the production of a sufficient amount of high-quality food products and the preservation of traditional food preferences of different regions of the country. Key words: sheep breeding, breed, local breed type.
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Russell, E. M., the late R. J. Brown, and M. N. Brown. "Life history of the white-breasted robin, Eopsaltria georgiana (Petroicidae), in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 2 (2004): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo03049.
Full textAbstract:
The white-breasted robin, Eopsaltria georgiana, is endemic to south-western Australia. We studied breeding, dispersal and survival in known groups from 1978 until 1987, with some groups followed until 1992, in Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri) forest near Manjimup, Western Australia. E. georgiana bred cooperatively, with 66% of groups including one or more birds in addition to the breeding pair (mean group size 3.1); these helpers were predominantly males and assisted the senior male in feeding the female on the nest and the young and defending the territory. The survival of adults was high (males 86%; females 79%). Breeding territories and groups persisted from year to year, although in the non-breeding season, males ranged more widely. Dispersal was female-biased; most females and some males dispersed in their first year. Divorce was rare; breeding males that disappeared were replaced by a helper from within the group if one was present, and females were replaced from outside the group. Eggs were laid between July and December. Clutch size was almost always 2, incubation lasted 16–17 days and nestlings fledged 13–14 days later. Juveniles were dependent on adult provisioning for 6–8 weeks. We found no parasitism by cuckoos. Of 429 nests found, 74% fledged at least one young, and overall nesting success calculated by the Mayfield method was 63%. The median time between initiation of two successive clutches was 54 days, and 52% of females renested after fledging one brood; at least two broods per year were fledged by 44% of females. Groups produced a mean of 2.8 fledglings, 1.3 independent young and 0.7 yearlings per year. The most productive groups were those with two or more helpers on high-quality territories, but we could not separate the effects of helpers and territory quality. E. georgiana has the 'slow' life history typical of many Australian passerines – cooperative breeding, sedentary, resident all year round in an equable habitat that promotes high survival of breeding adults. Their low reproductive rate produces a small crop of yearlings, some of which may stay in the parental home range.
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Beveridge, I., TH Brown, SM Fitzsimons, GE Ford, GJ Judson, RR Martin, and DW Miller. "Mortality in weaner sheep in South Australia under different regimes of anthelmintic treatment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 6 (1985): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850857.
Full textAbstract:
Causes of mortality in weaner sheep subjected to differing regimes of anthelmintic treatment were investigated at Kybybolite, S.A., between 1976 and 1981. The greatest mortality occurred in untreated sheep during the winter months, and was directly attributable to nematode infections, principally Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Deaths occurred during the summer months of the later years of the experiment. Nematode infections were considered to be a predisposing cause, with anaemia possibly due to infection with Eperythrozoon ovis as the precipitating factor in mortalities.
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White, RM, DJ Kennaway, and RF Semark. "Reproductive seasonality of the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes greyi) South Australia." Wildlife Research 23, no. 3 (1996): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960317.
Full textAbstract:
The reproductive seasonality of the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes greyi) was investigated in Scott Creek Conservation Park near Adelaide, South Australia, by catch and release trapping conducted at irregular intervals over a 4-year period in a population of higher density than previously reported for this species. A seasonal pattern in breeding activity was observed with the production of young in spring and summer (October-February) with a peak in December. There was seasonal variation in the testicular index of males with minimal values from April to June. Some animals may have retained the ability to mate throughout the year but there was no evidence of offspring surviving from any winter matings. Differences were seen in the timing and intensity of the non-breeding season between years. Possible causes of reproductive seasonality were seasonal changes in vegetative growth and the abundance of fungi and insects and predictive cues provided by seasonal changes in ambient temperature and photoperiod.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, and John K. Ling. "Records of vagrant phocid seals (family Phocidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 2 (2012): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11036.
Full textAbstract:
Five species of phocid seal of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica come ashore occasionally on the southern Australian coast but do not breed there. We document records (specimens and sightings) of visits to South Australia (SA) by southern phocids from 1883 until August 2011. We used records from the SA Museum, reports from coastal officers of SA Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the DENR fauna database, information from the public, the literature and newspapers. Thirty-six southern elephant seal records included two births, in November 1932 and October 1986. The latter pup suckled for 20 days and then stayed ashore for eight weeks; both are similar to average durations at Macquarie Island. Of 33 dated records, 31 were between August and April, when elephant seals at Macquarie Island (the closest breeding site) are ashore to breed or moult. A recognisable male on Kangaroo Island has been sighted often over 10 years to 2010. Of the ice-breeding species, there were 54 leopard seal records. All of 40 dated records were between June and December, with the maximum (12) in August, similar to the seasonal distribution in Tasmania. There were five records of crabeater seals, one of a Ross seal, and one of a Weddell seal.
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Naidu, R., RH Merry, GJ Churchman, MJ Wright, RS Murray, RW Fitzpatrick, and BA Zarcinas. "Sodicity in South Australia - a review." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930911.
Full textAbstract:
The current knowledge of the nature and distribution of sodic soils in South Australia is reviewed. The agriculturally developed area of South Australia lies south of latitude 32-degrees-S. and is mainly used for low intensity grazing and dry land cereal/sheep production. A high proportion of the State, including much of the high rainfall area, has soils which are sodic (>6% ESP) through a significant proportion of the profile but information on the precise nature of sodicity in these soils is limited. Where exchangeable cation data axe available, the analytical techniques used often did not precisely delineate between soluble salts in the soil and ions on exchange sites. Therefore, many of the datasets have major weaknesses and may be unreliable. Since many soils with ESP <6 also show dispersive characteristics typical of sodic soils, there is an urgent need for new sodicity studies relating to distribution and the criteria (ESP) used to identify dispersive soils. Information on the effect of sodicity on nutrient requirements of plants, especially the modern varieties, is scarce both locally and internationally, making development of management strategies for economically sustainable crop production difficult. Further, many different grades of gypsum are available in South Australia. Preliminary studies show the presence of impurities drastically influences gypsum dissolution characteristics. More effort is needed to assess the quality and reactivity of South Australian gypsum. Some effort has been directed by land managers towards reclamation and management of sodic soils by using both gypsum and lime either separately or as mixtures. However, there is neither a scientific basis for the application of gypsum-lime mixtures nor crop production data to support such management strategies.
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King, DR, and SH Wheeler. "The European Rabbit in South-Western Australia. I. Study Sites and Population Dynamics." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850183.
Full textAbstract:
Descriptions are given of 2 study sites in the south-west of Western Australia, on which rabbit numbers were monitored. Breeding seasons began in March or April, with the onset of winter rain, and rabbit numbers peaked in October-December, followed by a fall over the non-breeding period in summer. Winter epizootics of myxomatosis, which were spread by Spilopsyllus cuniculi, caused severe declines in rabbit numbers at both sites. Summer epizootics at one site before the introduction of the flea as a biological control agent, and rabbit mortality during these, was lower than in the winter epizootics.