Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects"

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Klowden, Marc J. "Endocrine aspects of mosquito reproduction." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 35, no. 4 (1997): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1997)35:4<491::aid-arch10>3.0.co;2-5.

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Notter, DR. "Genetic Aspects of Reproduction in Sheep." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43 (July 2008): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01151.x.

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Tomatis, Veronica, Christian Battipaglia, and Alessandro D. Genazzani. "Thyroid, Adrenal, PRL Impairments and Ovarian Function." Endocrines 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2030021.

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Endocrine axes (prolactin, thyroid and adrenal axes) directly and indirectly modulate and drive human female central functions, mainly behavior and reproduction. Though having distinct abilities, they greatly act both at peripheral as well as at neuroendocrine levels, so as to participate in the control of reproduction. Any event that changes these balanced activities produces specific peripheral signals that induce abnormal functions centrally, thus triggering menstrual disorders such as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. It is clear that the knowledge of the relationships that exist between the different endocrine axes becomes essential for the choice of therapeutical approach. This review aims to focus on the main aspects of the physiopathology of the endocrine diseases that might be at the basis of that interference with female reproductive capacity.
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Wang, Wei, Xiaoyun He, Ran Di, Xiangyu Wang, and Mingxing Chu. "Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with mRNAs in Sheep Thyroid Gland under Different Photoperiods." Genes 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040606.

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The thyroid gland is a vital endocrine organ involved in the reproduction of animals via the regulation of hormone synthesis and secretion. LncRNAs have been proven to play important roles in reproductive regulation; however, the associated mechanism in the thyroid gland has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated to identify photoperiod-induced lncRNAs and mRNAs in the thyroid gland in Sunite ewes by comparing the expression profiles of short photoperiod (SP) and long photoperiods (LP). A total of 41,088 lncRNAs were identified in the thyroid gland through RNA-Seq. Functional analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs using the R package revealed that reproductive hormone- and photoperiod response-related pathways, including the prolactin signaling, cAMP signaling, and circadian rhythm pathways, were significantly enriched. An mRNA-lncRNA interaction analysis suggested that the lncRNA LOC1056153S88 trans targets ARG2 and CCNB3, and the lncRNA LOC105607004 trans targets DMXL2, both of these might be involved in seasonal sheep breeding reproduction. Together, these results will provide resources for further studies on seasonal reproduction in sheep.
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Vissio, Paula G., María P. Di Yorio, Daniela I. Pérez-Sirkin, Gustavo M. Somoza, Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, and Julieta E. Sallemi. "Developmental aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary network related to reproduction in teleost fish." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 63 (October 2021): 100948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100948.

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Oddy, VH. "Regulation of muscle protein metabolism in sheep and lambs: nutritional, endocrine and genetic aspects." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930901.

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Muscle protein accretion, as with the body in general, increases with feed intake. Protein balance across hind limb muscles occurs at energy intakes less than energy balance in the animal as a whole. There is considerable between-sheep variation in muscle protein accretion, and in the relative rates of protein synthesis and degradation, which are in part due to inherent differences in growth potential. Lambs selected for high weight at weaning deposit proportionately more nitrogen in the body than those selected for low weight at weaning. Inherently faster growing lambs have lower rates of protein breakdown in muscle and whole body than those which exhibit slower growth. Differences in sensitivity to insulin and plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) indicate that the inherent differences in growth are associated with differences in responsiveness of muscle to hormones, and possible direct effects of IGF-1. Arteriovenous difference methodology, and isotope dilution, have been important tools in improving our understanding of the regulation of muscle protein metabolism.
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He, Xiaoyun, Lin Tao, Yingjie Zhong, Ran Di, Qing Xia, Xiangyu Wang, Xiaofei Guo, et al. "Photoperiod induced the pituitary differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to reproduction in sheep." PeerJ 9 (April 21, 2021): e10953. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10953.

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The pituitary is a vital endocrine organ that regulates animal seasonal reproduction by controlling the synthesis and secretion of the hormone. The change of photoperiod is the key factor affecting the function of the pituitary in animals, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we studied the transcriptomic variation in pars distalis (PD) of the pituitary between short photoperiod (SP) and long photoperiod (LP) using RNA sequencing based on the OVX+E2 sheep. 346 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 186 DE-mRNA were found in the PD. Moreover, function annotation analysis indicated that the reproductive hormones and photoperiod response-related pathways including aldosterone synthesis and secretion, insulin secretion, thyroid hormone synthesis, and circadian entrainment were enriched. The interaction analysis of mRNA-lncRNA suggested that MSTRG.240648, MSTRG.85500, MSTRG.32448, and MSTRG.304959 targeted CREB3L1 and DUSP6, which may be involved in the photoperiodic regulation of the PD. These findings provide resources for further study on the seasonal reproductive in ewes.
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De Rensis, Fabio, Giorgio Morini, Irina Garcia-Ispierto, and Fernando López-Gatius. "To What Extent Does Photoperiod Affect Cattle Reproduction? Clinical Perspectives of Melatonin Administration – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 20, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0012.

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AbstractThe seasonality of reproduction in most mammals is dictated by photoperiod, temperature and nutrition. Melatonin, mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, is generally accepted as the active mediator of photoperiod responses including reproduction. While non-pregnant heifers and cows show continuous sexual activity and are therefore not seasonal breeders, it has been suggested that photo-periodicity may influence the appearance of puberty in heifers and the onset of parturition. Further, the light/dark ratio may influence endocrine patterns of gestation and a shorter light period correlates with the incidence of twin pregnancies. This review considers specific aspects of the effects of photoperiod and melatonin on reproduction in dairy cattle and discusses the clinical applications of melatonin.
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Wishy, A. B. "Some aspects of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep in Subtropics IV. Puberty and sexual maturity." Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie 91, no. 1-4 (April 26, 2010): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1974.tb01157.x.

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Blache, Dominique, Song Zhang, and Graeme B. Martin. "Dynamic and integrative aspects of the regulation of reproduction by metabolic status in male sheep." Reproduction Nutrition Development 46, no. 4 (July 2006): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2006019.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects"

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Ferasyi, Teuku Reza. "Mathematical model of the reproductive endocrine system in male sheep." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0080.

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[Truncated abstract] The activity of the reproductive endocrine axis is the result of interactions among many organs and tissues, particularly the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonad. However, it depends on more than the communication between anatomical structures because it is also affected by genotype, internal factors (e.g., metabolic inputs) and external factors (e.g., photoperiod, socio-sexual cues, stress, nutrition). This multifactorial complexity makes it difficult to use animal experimentation to investigate the pathways and mechanisms involved. Therefore, in this study, I have turned to mathematical modelling. The general hypothesis was that, by modelling the hormonal feedback loop that links the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonad, I would be able to discover the critical control points in this homeostatic system. This would allow me to inform and direct research into the processes that control reproduction, including inputs from environmental factors. My studies began with the development of a model of the negative feedback loop through which testosterone controls the secretion of pulses of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. The model incorporated two critical factors: testosterone concentration and a time delay in the inhibition of the activity of the GnRH 'pulse generator' by testosterone. The general assumptions were: i) there are two positive feedforward processes (GnRH pulses stimulate LH pulses, and, in turn, LH pulses stimulate testosterone secretion); ii) testosterone exerts negative feedback that reduces the frequency of GnRH pulses. The model incorporated a group of equations that represent the GnRH pulse generator, through which the inhibitory effect of testosterone acted to reduce GnRH pulse frequency. Simulations were run with various values for the time delay in feedback and, as model development progressed, the simulations were extended to include combinations of time delays and levels of sensitivity of the GnRH pulse generator to inhibition by testosterone. The output of the simulations showed clearly that a time delay in negative feedback, as well as the concentration of testosterone, can greatly affect the frequency of GnRH pulses and the shape of the GnRH secretory profile. Importantly, the effect of the time delay depends on the sensitivity of the pulse generator to testosterone. In addition, the simulations suggested two additional components that might be involved in the control of the GnRH pulse generator: i) a delay in the rate of adaptation to a change in steroid feedback; and ii) a minimum pulse interval (maximum frequency). These studies iii therefore suggest that the regulation of the activity of the GnRH pulse generator, and thus the frequency and profile of GnRH and LH pulses, requires interactions among these four components. These interactions should be tested in animal experimentation. In the next stage, I extended the model so I could test whether the feedback delay might involve the process of aromatization in which testosterone is converted to oestradiol at brain level. ... This information can be used to direct future experimental studies that will help us to understand the factors that underlie the dynamic behaviour of the hypothalamic and pituitary systems that control reproduction.
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Melnyk, Peter M. (Peter Michael). "Estrogen regulation of testicular function in the adult ram." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59414.

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During the nonbreeding season (July), three groups of five Dorset x Leicester x Suffolk rams were assessed over a period of 5 days. One group of rams (control) was implanted (sc) with five 5cm empty Silastic capsules (i.d. 3.4mm, o.d. 4.6mm); two other groups, designated as Low-E$ sb2$ and High-E$ sb2$, received five estradiol filled capsules of either 5cm or 10cm, respectively for 4 days. Estradiol treatment elevated serum estradiol concentration about 150% in the Low-E$ sb2$ groups (15.7 $ pm$ 1.3 pg/ml) and 300% in the High-E$ sb2$ groups (26.6 $ pm$ 2.4 pg/ml) compared with controls (6.3 $ pm$ 0.8 pg/ml). In the absence of LH pulsing, mean LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were all decreased significantly (P $<$.05) with increasing estradiol concentration, while PRL concentration was increased (P $<$.05) by as much as 105%. In the LH-pulsed groups, LH-peak height on day 4 was comparable for all three groups of rams and peak frequency was, as expected, consistently increased to 4 peaks per 6 hours. The increase in mean testosterone concentration (P $<$.05) in all three groups was due to an increase in testosterone baseline concentration and testosterone peak frequency.
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Zhang, Song. "Peripheral and central pathways linking metabolic status and reproduction in male sheep." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0037.

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[Truncated abstract] Reproductive activity is affected by external factors such as photoperiod, social cues, stress and nutrition, all of which can alter the pulsatile activity of the GnRH neurons, which is the major neuroendocrine system used by the brain to control gonadal function. In the male Merino sheep, nutrition is one of the most powerful factors that affect pulsatile LH secretion, used commonly to bioassay GnRH neuronal activity. More accurately, the reproductive system responds to “metabolic status”, rather than “nutrition”, and the three factors that contribute to metabolic status are food intake, the amount of body reserves and the rate of energy expenditure ... In this thesis, I tested the general hypothesis that the metabolic hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides that are known to control food intake also mediate the effect of metabolic status on the activity of the GnRH neurons ... In conclusion, the results from my experiments provide some insight into the mechanisms by which metabolic status affects reproductive activity in male sheep. Plasma insulin, which changes with alterations in metabolic status, appears to play a critical role in the regulation of GnRH neuronal activity. The level of leptin seems to have a permissive role only in lean animals. Orexins acting via OX2 receptors could be involved in the activation of reproductive function following an acute increase in nutrition. However, the neuropeptidergic systems can not be ruled out because they might be involved in very early steps of responses to nutrition.
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Earl, Colin R. "The regulation of the timing of melatonin secretion in the sheep." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe12.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195) Addresses the nature of the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of the circadian pattern of secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin in the highly seasonal Suffolk breed of sheep. Provides new information on the behaviour of the onset and offset of melatonin secretion under different photoperiodic conditions.
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Archer, Zoe Anne. "Neuroendocrine control of appetite and reproduction in sheep." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602029.

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Reproductive neuroendocrine activity and appetite are modulated at the hypothalamus by both nutritional status and photoperiod in the seasonal animal. The objectives of this work were (1) to measure circulating hormones and/or metabolites that relay information about peripheral nutritional status to the hypothalamus, (2) to identify which hypothalamic neuropeptides and receptors that are responsive to photoperiodic and nutritional feedback and (3) to establish which changes in peripheral signals and/or hypothalamic neuropeptides are associated with alterations in the activity of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Three main experiments were carried out. The first experiment (Chapter 1) utilised a 2 x 2 design to examine the separate and interactive effects of photoperiod and food restriction on hypothalamic neuropeptide and receptor mRNA expression and on GnRH/LH secretion. In the second experiment (Chapter 2), two components of nutritional status, BC and increased food intake were investigated since both are positively related to reproductive performance in sheep. In the final experiment (Chapter 3) the approach was to use an exogenous treatment to artificially raise plasma insulin in an attempt to "drive" some of the foregoing effects. Collectively these studies have lead to the first localisation AgRp, MCH, orexin, Mc3R, Mc4R gene expression in the ovine hypothalamus. They indicate that circulating insulin and leptin are major factors relaying information about nutritional status to the hypothalamus. In addition, they have dissociated BC and food intake as signals to the hypothalamus. Moreover these studies have provided no evidence that NPY, AgRp, POMC, MCH and ObRb play a role in driving seasonal changes in appetite and gonadotrophin secretion. However they do suggest NPY-ergic and melanocortin pathways are important in maintaining appetite/bodyweight/energy homeostasis or restoring energy balance following perturbation. Furthermore the results show that changes in nutrient-sensitive hypothalamic neuropeptide and receptor gene expression may not necessarily lead to alterations in the activity of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. However, they do indicate that increased NPY biosynthesis during food restriction may be involved in the inhibition of pulsatile GnRH/LH release.
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Nassiri, Mohammad Taghi Beigi. "Aspects of prolificacy in Cambridge sheep." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321435.

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Pryor, Andrew William. "Reproduction and Endocrine Aspects of Early and Mid Lactation Holstein Cows." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32486.

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This study was designed to determine the effects of stage of lactation and subsequent energy status on metabolic and endocrine measures, follicular development, and the quality of oocytes obtained from Holstein cows. Holstein cows were selected prior to calving and assigned to the early lactation (EL) group (n=8) while, cows at d 90 postpartum were selected for the mid-lactation (ML) group (n=7). Blood samples were taken twice weekly from 4 wk prior to the start of follicular aspirations and then on through the aspiration periods for metabolite and hormone determination. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration (TVFA) was conducted twice weekly for a 10-wk period on all cows. Follicular fluid samples were obtained from the largest follicle, > 10 mm in diameter, for hormone determination. All data were analyzed by ANOVA, using the general linear model procedures. Mean energy balance was positive for (2.43 ± 0.32 Mcal/kg) for ML cows and negative (-1.55 ± 0.33 Mcal/kg) for EL cows. In ML cows serum progesterone (P4) decreased rapidly from 2.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml at the first aspiration session to a nadir of 0.33 ± 0.1 ng/ml at wk 8, while follicular fluid P4 increased from 0.9 ± 0.5 to 5.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml. In the EL cows serum and follicular fluid P4 remained relatively constant over the course of aspirations. There was a linear increase in follicular fluid insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for EL and ML cows, however the increase was more rapid for ML cows (159 ± 36 to 200 ± 36 ng/ml) than for EL cows (145 ± 36 to 164 ± 36 ng/ml). Over the aspiration period nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) declined rapidly for the EL cows (0.32 ± 0.2 to 0.22 ± 0.2 mEq/L), while serum NEFA for the ML cows were relatively stable (0.19 ± 0.2 to 0.22 ± 0.2 mEq/L). The number of follicles observed during the aspiration sessions increased linearly for both EL and ML cows (P < 0.05) over the 10-wk period. However, the increase was larger for the ML cows than for the EL cows, going from 14.2 ± 0.5 to 18.1 ± 0.5 and 14.9 ± 0.3 to 15.7 ± 0.5, respectively. These results show that cows in early lactation are physiologically under more production stress than cows in mid lactation. Furthermore, increasing levels of serum and follicular fluid IGF-I in mid lactation may reflect differences in follicle and oocyte measures.
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Hamudikuwanda, Humphrey. "Endocrine and metabolic mediators of dietary energy status and reproduction in dairy cows." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28770.

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Five experiments were undertaken to identify metabolites and hormones that could mediate the effect of dietary energy status on reproduction, particularly pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) postpartum dairy cows.
In the first two experiments, the concentration of progesterone (P4) in tailhead adipose tissue and plasma in 12 cows at different stages of pregnancy and lactation was determined as was P4 produced in vitro by explants of tailhead adipose tissue. Concentration of P4 in adipose tissue was correlated with that of plasma P4 near estrus and during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, and P4 was released in vitro by fat mobilization.
In the third and fourth experiments, blood was collected continuously for 16 h from four ovariectomized cows offered maintenance or restricted energy diets after priming with P4 or estradiol (E2) using a crossover experimental design. The results indicated that P4 released during body fat mobilization is minor and is not related to LH secretion. Dietary energy restriction influenced plasma LH concentration and pulse amplitude but the effect was modulated by P4 and E2 priming. Dietary energy restriction decreased glucose concentration but did not influence plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, P4 and insulin levels. Cortisol was negatively related to LH pulse frequency. Glucose and insulin were positively and negatively correlated with LH pulse amplitude, respectively. Cortisol, NEFA and glucose jointly had a negative correlation with LH concentration.
In the fifth experiment, blood samples were collected daily for 60 d and every 10 min for 8 h on 18, 36 and 54 d postpartum from 24 cows (12 ovariectomized) fed low (1.4 Mcal/kg DM) (L) or high (1.7 Mcal/kg DM) (H) energy in a 2 x 2 factorial treatment design. LH pulse frequency was reduced at 18 d postpartum in ovariectomized cows, but not in intact cows, fed L. First postpartum ovulation occurred later in intact cows fed L compared to those fed H. Energy balance and plasma glucose concentration were lower, but plasma NEFA, $ beta$-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and E2 concentrations higher, in cows fed L compared to those fed H. E2 concentration in intact cows fed L was elevated for a prolonged period prior to first ovulation. Diet had no influence on plasma P4 and insulin concentrations. Plasma E2 and BHB concentrations were positively correlated with LH pulse frequency in intact cows across diets and ovariectomized cows fed L, respectively. NEFA were negatively correlated with LH pulse amplitude in ovariectomized cows fed L. Glucose, NEFA and P4 were negatively, but BHB, E2 and insulin positively correlated, individually or in association, with LH concentration.
Overall, the results suggest that the effect of dietary energy status on LH patterns and timing of onset of postpartum ovulation is modulated by priming with or presence of ovarian steroids. The relationships of metabolites and hormones with LH patterns appear to change with dietary energy level, ovarian status and mutual associations among the metabolites and hormones. These parameters, especially glucose and BHB, may be potential mediators of the effect of dietary energy status on LH patterns. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Cassidy, Carrie. "Further evidence that prostaglandin F2-alpha is the obligatory eicosanoid in porcine ovulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/MQ44139.pdf.

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Cote, Fabienne. "Induction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 in the follicles of equine chorionic gonadotropinhuman chorionic gonadotropin treated prepubertal gilts." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33741.

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Prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is a key rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthetic pathway, and PG synthesis is required for ovulation in pigs. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression and regulation of PGHS-2 in porcine follicles prior to ovulation. The combination of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 750 IU) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 500 IU) 72 h later was used to induce ovulation in prepubertal gilts. Previous studies have shown that ovulation is generally induced between 40 and 44 h post-hCG in this model. Ovariectomies were performed at 0, 24, 30, 34 and 38 h post-hCG (n = 4 or 5 animals per time-point), and all follicles larger than 4 mm in diameter were isolated. The regulation of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, whereas the regulation of PGHS-2 mRNA was studied by Northern blot. PG production was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Books on the topic "Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects"

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Agadzhani︠a︡n, N. A. Stress, adaptat︠s︡ii︠a︡, reproduktivnai︠a︡ sistema: Monografii︠a︡. Nizhniĭ Novgorod: Nizhegorodskai︠a︡ gos. medit︠s︡inskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡, 2009.

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Fellows Conference (1992 Tucson, Ariz.). A Fellows Conference, Tucson, Arizona, January 17 and 18, 1992: Proceedings of a Fellows Conference. [Birmingham, Ala.]: American Fertility Society, 1992.

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A, Aruti͡u︡ni͡a︡n N., and Stepanov M. G, eds. Ėksperimentalʹnoe besplodie: Ėndokrinologicheskie aspekty. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka," S.-Peterburgskoe otd-nie, 1992.

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Carrell, Douglas T., and C. Matthew Peterson. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: Integrating modern clinical and laboratory practice. New York: Springer, 2010.

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R, Olson Erik, and Naugle Jennifer E, eds. Endocrine and reproductive systems. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2006.

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Shinkōkyoku, Japan Monbu Kagakushō Kenkyū. Naibunpitsu kakuran busshitsu ni yoru seishoku e no eikyō to sono sayō kikō ni kansuru kenkyū (Heisei 10--12-nendo): Seika hōkokusho. [Tokyo]: Monbu Kagakushō Kenkyū Shinkōkyoku, 2001.

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1924-, Iizuka Rihachi, Semm K. 1927-, and International Academy of Human Reproduction., eds. Human reproduction: Current status/future prospect : proceedings of the VIth World Congress on Human Reproduction, held in Tokyo, Japan, 25-30 October 1987. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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Odent, Michel. The functions of the orgasms: The highways to transcendence. London: Pinter & Martin, 2009.

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Odent, Michel. The functions of the orgasms: The highways to transcendence. London: Pinter & Martin, 2009.

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Odent, Michel. The functions of the orgasms: The highways to transcendence. London: Pinter & Martin, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sheep – Reproduction – Endocrine aspects"

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Pivonello, Claudia, Cristina de Angelis, Francesco Garifalos, Rosario Pivonello, and Annamaria Colao. "Environmental Factors’ Interference in Endocrine Aspects of Male Reproduction." In Beyond Our Genes, 37–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35213-4_3.

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Sánchez Dávila, Fernando, and Gerardo Pérez Muñoz. "Reproduction in Small Ruminants (Goats)." In Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93481.

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The exploitation of small ruminants (goat and sheep) has always been linked to the development of human civilizations, where they have mainly fed on their derived products such as milk and meat. Currently, the sheep population is around 1 billion head concentrated above 50% in three countries, China, Australia, and New Zealand, contrary to goats with around 720 million heads, distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, and South America. Both species have similar characteristics in some anatomical aspects (a pair of nipples), gestation period (150 days), and presence of seasonal anestrus, differing in terms of magnitude and depth and presence of the male effect. However, they are completely different in feeding habits, nutrient needs, and grazing systems, with differences in terms of the female’s reproductive tract, among other characteristics. Currently, the study of reproduction has intensified over the years in the goats and its counterpart that is the buck. Therefore, in the following topics, the importance of global reproduction of the goat will be discussed, considering that progress has been made today in the application of third generation reproductive techniques and that today they are already consolidated and developed in the bovine species.
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"Reproduction and development." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0025.

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Reproduction and development are large topics, knowledge of which underpins several medical specialities including sexual health, fertility, gynaecology, urology, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, and neonatology. Doctors need to know the structure, function, and endocrine control of both male and female systems in order to diagnose and manage conditions specific to either male or female organs, as well as conditions such as impotence and infertility. Not surprisingly, the reproductive system is the only body system that shows major differences in both structure and function between males and females. However, sexual differences go beyond the primary sexual characteristics present at birth and the secondary sexual characteristics that emerge under the influence of sex hormones at puberty. Sexual dimorphism in some brain structures commences at an early age, and differences in the endocrine profiles of males and females produce characteristic changes in morphology, physiology, and behaviour that go beyond simple sexual dimorphism to affect many aspects of life, including sexual differences in susceptibility to disease and the longer life expectancy of women as compared to men that is seen around the world. Whether these differences, mainly beneficial to women, are because females are ‘biologically superior’ or because of a complex mix of genetic, behavioural, and social factors is a matter for discussion and research. Some knowledge of embryology is important to every medical student. As a minimum it provides explanations for the congenital malformations and their consequences that are encountered in many areas of clinical practice. Deeper knowledge will assist those seeking real insights into the structure of the human body. It is the study of embryological development and the knowledge of how each tissue type arises, how one tissue meets another, and how tissues move and change shape during development that explains the relations between tissues and organs in the adult human form. Achieving a full understanding of the dynamics of the formation of the body’s organs and tissues is demanding, but it can replace some of the rote learning of anatomical structures, familiar to many students, with a deeper understanding of form and function.
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Radojčić Badovinac, Anđelka, and Neda Smiljan Severinski. "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes and Infertility Treatment." In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101994.

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The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) includes different clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and morphological criteria in women of reproductive age and consequently different health risks in later life of a woman. Controversy and debates related to diagnostic criteria are constant and current worldwide. As a result of many proposals for PCOS diagnostic criteria, clinicians recognize four phenotypes of PCOS. PCOS is a frequent cause of infertility with an overall prevalence of 5–15% and counts for approximately 70% of all cases of ovulation disorders. There are many aspects of studying differences between PCO phenotypes and problems in infertility treatments. Ovulation induction is often used to treat anovulatory patients with PCOS, but many of these women fail to conceive and the next step in the treatment is assisted reproduction. The contribution of oocyte health to reproductive potential varies and largely depends on the PCOS phenotype and comorbidities associated with PCOS. Contrary to the previous one, PCOS phenotype is not significantly associated with the morphological quality of oocytes. It seems that a combination of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation is associated with a negative impact on the cumulative pregnancy rate in medically assisted reproduction.
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