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Journal articles on the topic 'Sheep ranches'
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Guerisoli, María de las Mercedes, Estela Luengos Vidal, Marcello Franchini, Nicolás Caruso, Emma Beatriz Casanave, and Mauro Lucherini. "Characterization of puma–livestock conflicts in rangelands of central Argentina." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 170852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170852.
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Livestock predation is one of the major causes of conflicts between humans and pumas ( Puma concolor ). Using data from interviews with ranchers and kill-site inspections, we characterized puma–livestock conflicts in Villarino and Patagones counties of central Argentinean rangelands. Depredation was considered the major cause of livestock losses, and puma attacks were reported in 46.6% and 35.4% of ranches in Villarino and Patagones, respectively. The majority of ranches underwent losses smaller than 1000 USD. The proportion of livestock lost to predation (0.1–10.4%) and financial losses (5.3–1560.4 USD) per ranch/year varied across ranches, and small sheep ranches in Villarino were affected the most. Depredation was recorded only at night and preferentially in grassland with shrubs and cropland habitats. Although nocturnal enclosures appeared to decrease sheep losses, puma hunting was considered the most effective form of reducing depredation and was implemented by most ranchers. Mortality rates were 3.7 and 1.1–1.56 individuals/year × 100 km 2 for sheep and pumas, respectively. Nocturnal fencing, shepherding and spatial separation from predators may efficiently reduce sheep losses. However, the poor association between the intensity of puma persecution and puma-related livestock losses suggests that conflict mitigation in central Argentina is not only about reducing damage but also about increasing tolerance.
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Addis, Shimeles Abegaz, and Andualem Yimer Desalegn. "Comparative Seroepidemiological Study of Brucellosis in Sheep under Smallholder Farming and Governmental Breeding Ranches of Central and North East Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018 (July 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7239156.
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This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of brucellosis in sheep management under extensive smallholder farming and intensively in governmental breeding ranches in six districts selected from three administrative zones. Using multistage sampling, serum samples of 2409 sheep from 274 flocks were collected and tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBPT) and positive sera were confirmed using a Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Of all animals tested, 4.98% were RBPT positive, and after confirmation with CFT, the overall animal-level prevalence was found to be 4.89% (CI: 3.24-6.9%). Of the flocks sampled, 61 (22.3%, CI: 18.03-29.17%) had at least one animal positive to both tests. Significantly higher (P < 0.001) individual animal seroprevalence of 5.87% (CI: 3.83-7.31%) was found in sheep under smallholder production than in breeding ranches (1.75%, 95% CI: 1.57-3.05%). However, flock level seroprevalence in breeding ranches was found to be 100% (8/8), while in the smallholder production it was 19.92% (CI: 16.4-25.81%). Significantly highest animal-level seroprevalence of 9.55% (CI: 7.91-12.4%) was observed in north Wollo zone’s smallholder farms. From the three studied breeding ranches, highest seroprevalence of 3.57% (CI: 2.84%-5.18%) was found in Sheno Agricultural Research Centre. Significantly higher seroprevalence (P < 0.01) was found in aborted sheep and with history of retained fetal membrane in both production systems. All the sheep flocks in the studied breeding ranches were found to be seropositive; hence, this study suggests strict control measures of ovine brucellosis in the breeding reaches, since they could be a source of infection for the smallholder farms.
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Li, Xunde, Tamara Vodovoza, and Edward R. Atwill. "Diverse Genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Sheep in California, USA." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091023.
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Cryptosporidium spp. is a parasite that can infect a wide variety of vertebrate species. The parasite has been detected in sheep worldwide with diverse species and genotypes of various levels of zoonotic potential and public health concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of genotypes of Cryptosporidium in sheep in California, USA. Microscopic positive samples from individual sheep from central and northern California ranches were genotyped by sequencing a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene and BLAST analysis. Eighty-eight (63.8%) of the microscopic positive samples were genotyped, and multiple genotypes of Cryptosporidium were identified from sheep in the enrolled ranches. Approximately 89% of isolates (n = 78) were C. xiaoi or C. bovis, 10% of isolates (n = 9) were C. ubiquitum, and 1% of isolates (n = 1) were C. parvum. The C. parvum and C. ubiquitum isolates were detected only from lambs and limited to four farms. Given that the majority of Cryptosporidium species (i.e., C. xiaoi and C. bovis) were of minor zoonotic concern, the results of this study suggest that sheep are not a reservoir of major zoonotic Cryptosporidium in California ranches.
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Villagra, Edgar Sebastián, Alicia Pelliza, Priscila Willems, Guillermo Siffredi, and Griselda Bonvissuto. "What do domestic livestock eat in northern Patagonian rangelands?" Animal Production Science 53, no. 4 (2013): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11283.
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The Patagonian rangelands are dominated by steppes interspersed with meadows (locally called mallines), which are small but permanently humid areas, characterised by high spring–summer quality and productivity of grasses and grasslikes. The region’s main economic activity is sheep ranching, either alone or mixed with goats and/or cattle, using horses as transportation animals. Overstocking has been signalled as one of the causes of rangeland degradation in this region. Knowledge of botanical composition of livestock diets provides valuable information helping in the design of management strategies to improve or maintain the forage resource. With this objective we studied the dietary botanical composition of domestic livestock on Patagonian ranches with and without mallines, at different seasons. It was found that the differences between diets of the same herbivore species on ranches with and without mallines were greater than the differences among the diets of the different herbivores species grazing in the same type of ranch. Grasses were the forage class most consumed by livestock in 76% of ranches without mallines and in 38% of the diets of ranches with them, with Stipa spp. being the main species consumed. Grass-like species were important in ranches with mallines, specially Juncus spp., and woody plants (Chuquiraga spp. as the most consumed) in ranches without mallines. Forbs hardly exceeded 10% in some spring diets of sheep, at both ranch types. Grasslikes constituted the major component of the spring and summer cattle diets, and constituted one-third of winter diets. For the rest of the herbivores studied, this forage class was important in spring–summer diets, but insignificant in the winter samples. Goats showed a greater use of the shrub in the less productive ranches and they were the most important consumers of shrubs on ranches with mallines during winter, which is the critical season of forage production. We conclude that the presence of mallines strongly condition the diet composition of the studied domestic herbivores. And, since the use of forage classes is different between these animal species, given a ranch type, the replacement of single-species grazing by mixed grazing can achieve the optimal possible use of the Patagonian rangelands.
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Moraga, Claudio A., Martín C. Funes, J. Cristóbal Pizarro, Cristóbal Briceño, and Andrés J. Novaro. "Effects of livestock on guanaco Lama guanicoe density, movements and habitat selection in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile." Oryx 49, no. 1 (October 16, 2014): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001238.
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AbstractLocally abundant ungulates often come into conflict with human activities. After a population collapse that reached its nadir in the 1970s, the guanaco Lama guanicoe population in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, recovered and is now in conflict with sheep ranching and commercial logging. We studied the effects of livestock density and environmental factors on guanaco abundance and spatial ecology, using seasonal counts and radio-telemetry in a private protected area (Karukinka) and neighbouring ranches in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego. Guanaco density was highest in low-elevation areas with more grassland cover and little snow accumulation in winter. In low-elevation areas, guanaco density decreased with increasing livestock density. Radio-tracked guanacos exhibited a partial migration pattern: two individuals migrated seasonally, selecting grasslands and avoiding forests mainly in summer, whereas six sedentary individuals used habitats according to their availability. Migratory guanacos spent the summer in Karukinka and winter on nearby ranches. High sheep densities and poor range condition on the ranches reduce key forage resources available to guanacos and may promote use of forests by guanacos, affecting forest regeneration and increasing conflict with logging. Current guanaco harvest by loggers may fail to reduce the impact of guanacos on logged-forest regeneration if guanaco spatial ecology and sheep management are not considered. Our results provide insight into the interactions among guanacos, forests and livestock ranching, and may be used to reduce conflicts and guide conservation in the Fuegian ecosystem.
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García-Suárez, Federico, Gabriela Pérez-Quesada, and Carlos Molina Riccetto. "Rangeland cattle production in Uruguay: Single-output versus multi-output efficiency measures." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 22, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2022.01.04.
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Rangeland cattle production is the largest agricultural sector of Uruguay. Ranches produce up to three products (beef, sheep-meat, and wool) usually combined into an equivalent meat (EM) index. The objective is to compare the empirical results from the estimation of a single output stochastic production frontier (SPF) and a multi-output stochastic ray frontier (SRF) to provide insights on the useof the EM index to evaluate ranches performance. Results show similar efficiency scores. The average level of TE is 0.769 for the SPF and 0.779 for the SRF. We cannot discard EM index as a simple measure of combined production.
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Julian, Alexis, Derek Scasta, Barton Stam, Brian Sebade, Chad M. Page, Brady Springer, Wilson Renner, Hannah Cunningham, and Whit C. Stewart. "288 Forage mineral and nutrient element concentrations on sheep winter range." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.390.
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Abstract Supplementation strategies and nutritional management of ewes during critical production periods of breeding and gestation is an important consideration, particularly when ewes are on winter range. Clinical and subclinical trace mineral deficiencies at these times limit ewe productivity in these extensive environments. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify mineral element concentrations of common forages on winter range, and (2) evaluate producer supplementation strategies using a survey. We hypothesized that mineral element concentrations in winter forages were inadequate to meet ewe requirements during critical production stages and shrub species would contain higher levels of macro- and micro-mineral element concentrations than grass species. Forage samples were collected from 25 ranches across Wyoming winter range and were compiled by species and analyzed for nutrient and mineral element composition; however, data presented herein represents the first year of data collection (12 of 25 ranches). Nutrient and mineral element concentration results indicated an effect in CP, Ca, P, K, Mg, S, Na, Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, and Mo concentrations between grass and shrub species (P < 0.05). Specifically, Mg and Mo concentrations were higher in grasses while the other mineral element concentrations were higher in shrubs. No effect was observed for Fe and Co concentrations between grass and shrub species (P = 0.37 and P = 0.29). Survey results revealed that 80% of ranches had more than 1000 sheep, and 47% of respondents utilized winter range for 131 to 170 day periods throughout production year. While on winter range the majority of producers (47%) supplement with a protein source. Additionally, 58% do not supplement white salt, while 47% supplement a complete trace mineral mix.
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Salohiddin, Meyliev, and Ulukov B.K. "The Epizology of Cattle and Sheep Helminthoz in some Districts of Samarkand and Kashkadarya Regions." International Journal of Biological Engineering and Agriculture 3, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51699/ijbea.v3i2.3447.
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This article describes the helminthos found in cattle, sheep, and cattle raised in the Taylok, Urgut, Bulungur, and Ishtikhan regions of the Samarkand, cattle ranches in the book and Guzar districts of the Kashkadarya region, and in the households of the population.
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Madigan, J., J. Rowe, J. Angelos, W. F. Herthel, D. Matz, M. Dinucci, and V. Fletcher. "(A323) Wildfire Associated Burn Injury of 1400 Sheep in Northern California: A Coordinated Mass Casualty Veterinary Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s90—s91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003074.
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IntroductionWildfires can injure animals both from burns and inhalation of smoke and particulates. In 2006 a rapidly moving grass wildfire burned 12 square miles in Yolo County. Approximately 1400 sheep on the range suffered variable degrees of burns. A coordinated effort of triage and individual treatment or humane euthanasia was performed by the UC Davis Veterinary Emergency Response Team.MethodsAnimals: Two sheep ranches with 1100 (ranch A) and 300 (ranch b) adult sheep of different breeds, ranging in age from 1-6 years of age. Initial owner evaluation: Both ranchers considered humane destruction of all sheep showing evidence of burned discoloration, estimated to be over 95% of 1400 sheep. Ranch B attempted shooting comprised sheep but stopped and requested aid from UC Davis as did ranch A. Veterinary initial evaluation and communications: Several burned sheep were visible from the roadway. Many sheep were standing with limited movement and some were recumbent. Triage was performed by bringing food and water sources to the sheep and those not eating and drinking were evaluated first. Gunshot euthanasia following AVMA guidelines based on veterinary determination of hopeless prognosis was used. Veterinary team members (N = 25) coordinated treatments, communications with public health, animal control, and press media, carcass disposal, volunteer management, and acquisition of office of emergency services resources.TreatmentTopical treatment of eyes and skin burns with silver sulfadiazine ointment, administration of systemic antibiotics (LA 200), pain relief (flunixine meglumine), wound debridement, and cesarean section of late term terminal sheep were performed.ResultsOver 500 sheep were euthanized by gunshot and the remainder (approximately 900) recovered lasting from 1-42 days. Progression of burn injury to skin, udder, face, and hoofs persisted for 42 days.ConclusionA coordinated veterinary response provided humane care and triage of this mass casualty animal emergency.
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Díaz-Ruiz, Francisco, Alejandro Rodríguez, Diego Procopio, Sonia Zapata, Juan Ignacio Zanón-Martínez, and Alejandro Travaini. "Inferring Species Interactions from Long-Term Monitoring Programs: Carnivores in a Protected Area from Southern Patagonia." Diversity 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090319.
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Protected areas recently created in Argentina often include previously degraded lands, such as sheep ranches in the Patagonian deserts. We show the results of a 14-year monitoring program of three formerly persecuted carnivores, the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), the South American grey fox (Lycalopex griseus) and the puma (Puma concolor), in two abandoned sheep ranches that were incorporated into a Patagonian national park approximately 25 years ago. The culpeo fox population underwent an average annual decline of 10–23%, whereas the grey fox and puma populations increased at an average annual rate of 7% and 19%, respectively. The grey fox’s increasing trends were strongly correlated with the decline of the culpeo fox, whereas the correlations between the fox and puma trends were weaker. Culpeo fox decline was stronger in the ranch where sheep and predator controls had been removed earlier. These relationships between species trends support the competitive release hypothesis, assuming that puma competition with the culpeo fox for trophic resources is stronger than competition with the grey fox, and that the puma can exclude culpeo foxes through interference. Species trends suggest a competitive hierarchy between fox species, with grey fox being the inferior competitor. However, mechanisms other than competition could not be discounted. Our study illustrates how long-term monitoring of interacting species allows a better understanding of ecological processes and wildlife ecology.
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KILONZO, CHRISTOPHER, EDWARD R. ATWILL, ROBERT MANDRELL, MELISSA GARRICK, VERONICA VILLANUEVA, and BRUCE R. HOAR. "Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Three Sheep Farming Operations in California." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-529.
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A year-long study was conducted to determine the fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in three sheep ranches. Strain diversity and persistence were compared with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ranch C, a feedlot, consisted of young sheep raised predominantly on a high-grain diet. The other two sites consisted of sheep raised on native pasture and a combination of native and irrigated pasture. Forty fecal samples were collected every month from each ranch. Samples were examined for E. coli O157:H7 by immunomagnetic separation and culture of the magnetic beads onto selective media. Detection of virulence markers in positive isolates was determined by PCR. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 100 (22.7%) of 440 fecal samples collected from ranch C. On ranch B, 9 (1.9%) of the 480 fecal samples were positive for the pathogen, while none of the samples from ranch A were positive. On ranch C, the odds of detecting E. coli O157:H7 was 3.2 times greater during the warmer months compared with the cooler months of the year. There was no association between days spent in the feedlot and fecal prevalence of the pathogen (P = 0.62). Most multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis types were isolated only once from ranch C (14 of 23), but several strains were isolated over 4 to 6 months, often in many intervening negative months. This study revealed that the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 can be high in some sheep ranches in California, especially in feedlots where young sheep are fed predominantly high-grain rations.
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Lloyd, J. E., and R. Kumar. "Fall Application of 2.5% Ectrin® Spray for Control of Sheep Ked, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.359.
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Abstract Experimental flocks were located on ranches in southeastern Wyoming. Animals were of mixed breeds and sex and were naturally infested with sheep ked. Prior to treatment, all animals were weighed and fleece length was recorded. Ectrin® WDL 2.5% low volume spray was applied once to each flock. The insecticide was applied with a C02 powered sheep sprayer with a single no. 8002 flat fan nozzle directed at the belly. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10 ml of insecticide solution per s or approximately 10 ml per animal. Ked density was determined by whole body counts the same 10 animals from each flock on d 0 and at 42 d posttreatment.
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Taber, Sara Mansfield. "A History of Schooling and Family Life On Southern Argentine Sheep Ranches." Journal of Family History 15, no. 1 (March 1990): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909001500119.
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Taber, Sara Mansfield. "A History of Schooling and Family Life on Southern Argentine Sheep Ranches." Journal of Family History 15, no. 3 (July 1990): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909001500306.
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Llanos, Romina, and Alejandro Travaini. "Diet of puma (Puma concolor) in sheep ranches of central Patagonia (Argentina)." Journal of Arid Environments 177 (June 2020): 104145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104145.
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Marino, Andrea, and Andrés Johnson. "Behavioural response of free-ranging guanacos (Lama guanicoe) to land-use change: habituation to motorised vehicles in a recently created reserve." Wildlife Research 39, no. 6 (2012): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11174.
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Context Guanacos, the only native ungulates inhabiting Patagonian arid lands, are perceived by local people as a threat to livestock production and, consequently, uncontrolled hunting and harassment are widespread across the region. In 2005, a traditional sheep ranch (RSP) was converted into a wildlife reserve, offering the opportunity to assess changes in guanaco tolerance to motorised vehicles after harassment ceased. Aims The aims of the present study were to address factors influencing guanaco flight response on RSP, to assess inter-annual variation in flight responses after management changed and to compare guanaco response to cars among the RSP population, neighbouring ranches with traditional management and a southern population (C2B) that has had effective protection since the early 1970s. Methods Field surveys using available roads at RSP were conducted during a 4-year period to assess inter-annual changes in guanaco flight probability. Current estimates of flight probability at RSP were then compared with point estimates obtained from neighbouring ranches and the C2B population. Results We found that flight probability at RSP decreased as groups were located farther from the transect line and groups with at least one juvenile were more likely to flee than were adult-only groups. Flight probability decreased progressively during the study and significant differences with initial conditions emerged during the fourth year of monitoring. The current flight response observed at RSP is consistent with an intermediate state between neighbouring ranches and C2B population. Key conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that guanacos can become rapidly habituated to vehicles if harassment ceases and subsequent traffic acts as a neutral stimulus for enough time. Implications Finally, we discuss how our results may be helpful for other recently created reserves and ecotourism oriented projects.
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Zanón Martínez, Juan Ignacio, Alejandro Travaini, Sonia Zapata, Diego Procopio, and Miguel Ángel Santillán. "The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma Puma concolor in southern Patagonia." Oryx 46, no. 1 (January 2012): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001821.
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AbstractThere is evidence for the ecological extinction of the native prey of the puma Puma concolor in north-western Argentine Patagonia. In this study we examine whether this is also the case in southern Patagonia. From 2004 to 2007 we examined the puma’s diet in three protected areas and two sheep ranches in Santa Cruz province. A total of 282 puma scats were analysed. In two of the protected areas and in the ranches 60–74% of the puma’s diet was native prey. Prey species were primarily guanaco Lama guanicoe, followed by Patagonian mara Dolichotis patagonum, lesser rhea Pterocnemia pennata pennata, Patagonian pichi Zaedyus pichiy and Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. In the third protected area the main prey was the European hare Lepus europaeus. Our results show a clear difference in the diet of the puma in southern compared to north-western Patagonia. Large native herbivores (i.e. guanaco and lesser rhea) maintain their role as the main prey species for the puma in southern Patagonia. We suggest, therefore, that native prey could be restored to those areas of Argentine Patagonia, such as the north-west, where they are currently ecologically extinct. Facilitating native species recovery and/or restoration and applying more rigorous controls to prevent the introduction of potential alien prey species of the puma both, within and outside protected areas, needs to be evaluated as a regional strategy.
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Brown, Austin R., Julie Finzel, Rosie Busch, Morgan Doran, John Harper, Dan Macon, Rebecca Ozeran, and Alison L. Van Eenennaam. "PSIII-2 Late-Breaking: Collaboration to Demonstrate the Potential Use and Value of Electronic Identification and DNA Testing in the Sheep Industry." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_4 (October 22, 2022): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac313.048.
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Abstract The dearth of individual performance records derived from an extensively driven production system coupled with the impracticality of utilizing reproductive technologies makes commercial genetic improvement challenging in small ruminants. We collaborated with five producers throughout California to assess how electronic ID (EID) and genetic testing could inform ram selection. Our objective was to determine how the data collected from these technologies could augment genetic improvement on commercial ranches. Familiarity and use of EID tags on ranches at the start of the research varied; thus, allowing for a qualitative reflection on the participant's perceptions of the usefulness of this technology. Ear notch samples were collected and EID ear tags were placed in 2,963 sheep; 305 rams, and 2,658 of their potential progeny. We partnered with Superior Farms (Dixon, CA) to genotype the animals using their Flock54 single nucleotide polymorphism panel which contains 956 markers for assigning parentage, and includes markers linked to quantitative trait loci and/or known single gene causative markers to aid in disease management. SNP data was used to assign paternity and determine sire prolificacy. A total of 524 carcass samples from ram lambs from two of the ranches were processed at Superior Farms' plant and assessed with a USDA-approved camera grading system (e+v, Oranienburg, Germany) that matches EID’s to carcass data. Progeny contemporary group deviations were calculated for hot carcass weight, yield grade, and ovine cutability calculation (OCC) which predicts the yield of edible product on the carcass. The average number of lambs per sire born at each ranch and the mean OCC of the progeny for each sire were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. There was a significant ranch effect on the average progeny number per ram (P < 0.05). The ranch with the lowest ram to ewe ratio (1:10) also has the lowest average progeny per ram and the ranch with the greatest ratio (1:50) has the most progeny per ram. There was a large range in the number of lambs per sire (0-135) within each ranch. There was a significant sire effect (P < 0.05) on average OCC within each progeny contemporary group, meaning some sires were producing offspring with significantly more marketable meat. The use of EIDs in combination with genetic testing, allowed for the collection of individual progeny performance data. This provided insight into sire performance and identified prolific sires that were also producing lambs with superior carcass merit. Producers could use this information to select for high-performing rams; however, there is an unavoidable delay between ram turnout and the collection of progeny carcass data. This limits the practical utility of these data and reinforces the value of having estimated breeding values available at ram purchase to select genetically superior rams.
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Bret, J., and B. Taylor. "36 Beyond Environmentally Adapted, Towards Ecologically Purposed: Sheep Production in the Us West." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.369.
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Abstract Consumer demand for sheep products is robust, the annual consumption of U.S. lamb is steadily rising, and the number of U.S. sheep farms is increasing. Nevertheless, the U.S. sheep industry continues to lose market share to foreign competitors and the breeding ewe inventory has declined 30% since 2002. This decline has been more drastic in the upper U.S. Mountain West states, where ewe inventories have declined 37% compared with the national average decline of 26%. This is problematic given the Mountain West generates one-third and one-half of the total U.S. lamb crop and wool revenue, respectively. This depopulation trend indicates obstacles unique to the Mountain West, which are not experienced elsewhere in the nation. Mountain West sheep production systems depend on both private and public rangelands for grazing, which must co-exist with many other goals for public lands, including species conservation and critical wildlife habitat. Extensive conversion of native rangeland to croplands, rural housing, and degraded grasslands has simultaneously resulted in a substantial loss of wildlife habitat, thus creating competing ideologies for how remaining rangelands should be managed. Accordingly, public land management agencies are constantly pressured to change land management plans to accommodate public agendas aimed at restricting or halting livestock grazing on public lands with the assumption wildlife habitat will automatically improve. Such exclusion of grazing from public lands has negatively impacted operational capacity of sheep ranches, thus posing serious threats to the U.S. sheep industry and its contributions towards national food security, rural communities, and rangeland conservation. Therefore, to maintain grazing access to public lands, sheep producers and land managers urgently need tools (e.g., management, genetic) to optimize both conservation and production outcomes synergistically. However, ecological and sheep genetic outcomes have thus far been considered separate rather than integrated goals. Traditional genetic improvements in sheep production are focused strictly on the sheep without regard to the ecological outcome. In other words, the “ecosystem” is only considered to achieve profitable production within that environment. With this in mind, can sheep research move beyond the traditional focus of “environmentally adapted” flocks to “ecologically purposed” flocks? We propose that heritable ecologically focused traits can be identified and used to complement the overall sheep genetic improvement goals of the industry while creating precision-based solutions for sustainable habitat management, such as mitigating catastrophic wildfire risk, halting noxious weed invasion, and shaping vegetative structure of native plant communities towards desirable rangeland and conservation goals. We believe such outcomes extend beyond shaping public opinion about sheep grazing but also towards introducing novel value-based marketable products from the sheep industry.
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Bailey, Derek, Mark G. Trotter, Colin Tobin, Kelsey Nelson, Caroline Wade, Cory Oltjen, Milton G. Thomas, and Jennifer A. Hernandez Gifford. "305 Awardee Talk: Application of on-Animal Sensors and Precision Livestock Management on Extensive Cattle and Sheep Ranches." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.270.
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Abstract Monitoring livestock and forage conditions on extensive rangelands is labor intensive and expensive, and often observations occur infrequently. Technological advancements have made real-time remote monitoring more feasible and less costly. Global positioning system (GPS) tracking data can be transferred from livestock to the internet using cellular phone technologies, low range wide area networks (LoRaWan) and satellite transmissions. With good coverage, cellular-based real time tracking systems work well. Rugged terrain and extensive pastures increase the cost of LoRaWan. Additional LoRaWan gateway towers are needed for data transmission, because these systems rely upon line-of-sight signals. Satellite systems are expensive but hold great potential for rugged terrain. Accelerometers can be used to monitor animal activity, and after on-device summarization the data summary can be transmitted to the internet. Changes in behavior from normal patterns are useful for detecting illness and wellbeing. Bovine ephemeral fever in heifers and perennial ryegrass staggers in sheep were identified by a decrease in activity during the morning and evening grazing bouts using accelerometers. In pen settings, accelerometers were able to detect the timing of lambing and illness associated with unexpected feeding of moldy silage. Continued congregation of livestock at water tanks may indicate water system failures. Normally, animals move away from water to rest after drinking. Tracking is a valuable tool to identify locations where new water developments can improve distribution. Tracking also has potential to notify managers where livestock are congregating and potentially overgrazing, but prediction of forage utilization at light levels is not exact. Tracking systems would also facilitate genetic selection for grazing distribution by providing terrain use phenotypes. Improvements in technology and associated cost reductions of sensors as well as development of algorithms and software potentially gives ranchers mechanisms to remotely monitor livestock wellbeing and rangeland conditions and allow them to respond promptly.
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Brown, Austin R., Julie Finzel, Roselle Busch, Morgan Doran, John Harper, Dan Macon, Rebecca Ozeran, Morgan R. Stegemiller, Karissa Isaacs, and Alison L. Van Eenennaam. "397 Field Demonstration Analyzing the Implementation of Individual Animal Electronic Identification and Genetic Testing in Western Range Sheep Flocks." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.396.
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Abstract The lack of individual performance records derived from an extensively driven production system coupled with impracticality to utilize reproductive technologies makes commercial genetic improvement challenging in small ruminants. We collaborated with five producers throughout California to assess how Electronic ID (EID) and a genotyping panel can augment the productivity of a flock. We sought to study how the data collected from these technologies can hasten genetic improvement towards desirable operational objectives. Familiarity and use of EID tags on ranches at the start of the research varied; thus, allowing for a qualitative reflection on the perceptions of the participants of the usefulness of this technology. We partnered with Superior Farms, a slaughterhouse, to evaluate their targeted genotyping panel, Flock54. Flock54 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel containing 956 markers for assigning pedigree and includes markers linked to quantitative trait loci and/or known single gene causative markers to aid in disease management and fecundity scoring. Ear notch samples were collected from 2,963 animals for analysis. This included 305 total sires as well as their progeny, 989 female lambs and 1,669 male lambs, which were marketed. Nine lambs were positive at a fecundity marker. No other notable results were found from the Flock54 panel. Genomic data was used to ascertain prolific sires on every ranch; however, ram to ewe ratio altered the influence that a prolific sire had on a lamb crop. The lowest ram to ewe ratio was 1:10. Parentage results from this ranch reports the following progeny metrics: Average: 9.9 males (±12.5); Median: 4 males; Max: 61 males, minimum 1 male. In contrast, the greatest ram to ewe ratio was 1:50. Parentage results from this ranch reports the following progeny metrics: Average: 51.9 (± 41.7); Median: 43.5; Max: 135; Minimum: 4,524 carcass samples from terminal lambs at two ranches were processed at Superior Farms` plant and assessed with a USDA inspected camera grading system. Progeny contemporary group deviations were calculated for hot carcass weight, yield grade, ovine cutability calculation (OCC), and OCC yield. After coupling carcass metrics with USDA reported prices, we identified prolific sires within the flock that garnered significantly higher and lower dollar merit at slaughter. A two-tailed Student`s T-test was used on the dollar deviation of edible product sold to identify if there was a statistically significant difference (P-value < 0.05) between a given ram`s progeny and the rest of the progeny slaughtered. We found that twenty-three out of the forty-three rams with progeny from one ranch had a statistically significant dollar deviation difference with a T-value greater than 2.0167. For the other ranch, we found that nineteen out of the thirty-five rams with progeny had a statistically significant difference with a T-value greater than 2.0301.
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Cosse, Mariana, Susana González, and Mariano Gimenez-Dixon. "Feeding ecology of Ozotoceros bezoarticus: conservation implicationsin Uruguay." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 99, no. 2 (June 2009): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212009000200007.
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The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758) was in the recent past one of the most characteristic species in the Uruguayan grasslands. However, today the species is very rare, with small relict populations inhabiting in few ranches. To improve our understanding of pampas deer habitat use in modified ecosystems and propose management guidelines we analyzed the pampas deer feeding ecology at Los Ajos ranch. We performed an annual vegetation survey with the purpose to identify the main components of pampas's deer diet and the spatial overlap with livestock. Vegetation offer was characterized by predominance of monocotyledon plants; in three of the four sample periods. The preference values for the crops were positive for ryegrass in winter (0.24) and spring (0.54), the moments of greatest productivity of this pasture; while the rice crops values were negative all year round. The spatial overlap indexes with sheep show a complete exclusion, whereas with cattle the indexes gave values of 0.95 in spring to 0.14 in summer. The niche amplitude was significantly correlated with the spatial overlap levels with cattle. Pampas deer foraging behaviour is opportunistic, typical of mixed feeders. Conservation efforts should focus on implementation of management guidelines of agriculture and cattle breeding activities.
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Pedrana, Julieta, Alejandro Travaini, Juan Ignacio Zanón, Sonia Cristina Zapata, Alejandro Rodríguez, and Javier Bustamante. "Environmental factors influencing guanaco distribution and abundance in central Patagonia, Argentina." Wildlife Research 46, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18085.
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Context The guanaco is the largest wild herbivore inhabiting the Patagonian steppes. Since the end of the 19th Century, it has suffered a progressive decline in numbers owing to poaching and unregulated hunting because of on an assumed competition with sheep. Unfortunately, there has never been a management program for guanaco populations in Argentine Patagonia. Consequently, the guanaco is still considered a pest species by ranchers and has never been considered profitable in the range management model implemented in Patagonia. Aims The present article updates the distribution limits of guanaco and estimate its abundance across Chubut, a large province of Patagonia, Argentina. The relative effects of several environmental and anthropogenic factors on guanaco distribution are also assessed. Methods Road surveys (7010km) and species distribution modelling were used to build a habitat suitability model and a distribution map. A distance sampling method was used to estimate guanaco population densities and size. The survey effort required to monitor population trends in this region was also calculated. Key results According to the best habitat suitability model, guanaco distribution decreased with altitude and primary productivity, as measured by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and increased with the distance to the nearest urban centre and oil field. Guanaco distribution showed a clear geographical pattern in Chubut, with low to medium occurrence probability towards the west and higher values towards the east. Guanaco population size was estimated as 657304 individuals (95% CI 457437 to 944059), with a mean density of 2.97 guanacos km–2. Finally, through simulations of guanaco monitoring, it was estimated that an annual survey effort of 10 to thirty 30-km road transects is needed to detect with confidence a significant population decrease or increase over the next 6 or 10 years. Conclusions The habitat suitability map presented herein highlights areas with high guanaco densities in Chubut, where it would be possible to identify ranches suitable for performing profitable herding and shearing experiences. Implications The maps of guanaco distribution and density, as well as the survey effort required to monitor population trends, may be used to inform decisions concerning the sustainable use of this species.
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Monica Resta Lestari, Asep Mulyana, and Yunizar Yunizar. "Proposed Knowledge Management System in Farms to Increase Productivity." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems2514.
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Animals developing is a sub-area of cultivation that has a lot of room for improvement as a sub-cultivating from now into the foreseeable future. The public's essential for creature things will manufacture dependably, as animals is one of the providers of proteins, energy, enhancements and crucial minerals, and meanwhile open respect for the supporting necessities to work on the singular satisfaction is making. The legitimization behind the continuous review is to perceive the on a very basic level fundamental credits and issues of sheep ranches working in the city of Bangko and to propose two or three arrangements with any outcomes in regards to these issues. The stream study's outcomes are supposed to give data to future examination and add to the ongoing extension of value and efficiency. A profound strategy with a setting focused assessment approach is proposed for this evaluation. The emotional strategy was picked in light of the fact that it is the most effective way to check out at the issues and gives a profound comprehension of the issues with Bangko Estate's business. The proprietor of Bangko Farm proposed that, to make arrangements for the organization's extension, we lay out a business methodology from all points, especially in the execution of leader data, to build effectiveness and find all issues immediately. Before expanding the business, the owner's primary focus is on creating a knowledge management-based strategy for human resources development.
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Korndörfer, C. M., A. L. Abdalla, and E. Crossara. "Industrial passion fruit residue as ruminant feed." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598251.
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In the Brazilian savanna region, which covers 2.1 million km2, roughage production is irregular during the year. However the manufacture of passion fruit juice produces approximately 13,000,000 ton per year of industrial residue which consist of fruit pulp and seeds (FPSR) (Medina, 1980). Beef and dairy cattle farmers are feeding it to their livestock with no knowledge of its nutritive value or concern for its pollution aspects. The FPSR is left in piles outside on the ranches and fluid effluent is often observed reaching streams and contaminating the environment. Furthermore it is a good medium for fly proliferation which stresses the animals and reduces profits. The objective of this study was to demonstrate to the farmers a better way for storing the FPSR and to determine its nutritional value for ruminants.The FPSR was stored in triplicate experimental mino-silos (200 1) in a complete 2x2 factorial design to observe the effects of 48-h wilting (sun dry) and anaerobic conditions. Open mini-silos were left uncovered while in anaerobic mini-silos the FPSR was sealed in plastic bags and covered with sacks of soil. Treatments were: Tl wilted and anaerobic; T2 wilted and open; T3 unwilted and anaerobic; T4 unwilted and open. The mini-silos were sampled at 30-day intervals for up to ll2 days. The samples were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin (LIN), phenolic compounds (PHEN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N), soluble carbohydrats (CHO sol) and pH. The DM effective degradability (DMED) was determined “in situ” using six Santa Inês male sheep fitted with rumen cannula and fed with a mixture 80:20 diet containing grass pasture and concentrate (160 g CP/kg DM). The effects of experimental conditions were analysed in a factorial treatment structure and tested by analysis of variance. Treatment means were compared by contrasts.
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Korndörfer, C. M., A. L. Abdalla, and E. Crossara. "Industrial passion fruit residue as ruminant feed." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033869.
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In the Brazilian savanna region, which covers 2.1 million km2, roughage production is irregular during the year. However the manufacture of passion fruit juice produces approximately 13,000,000 ton per year of industrial residue which consist of fruit pulp and seeds (FPSR) (Medina, 1980). Beef and dairy cattle farmers are feeding it to their livestock with no knowledge of its nutritive value or concern for its pollution aspects. The FPSR is left in piles outside on the ranches and fluid effluent is often observed reaching streams and contaminating the environment. Furthermore it is a good medium for fly proliferation which stresses the animals and reduces profits. The objective of this study was to demonstrate to the farmers a better way for storing the FPSR and to determine its nutritional value for ruminants.The FPSR was stored in triplicate experimental mino-silos (200 1) in a complete 2x2 factorial design to observe the effects of 48-h wilting (sun dry) and anaerobic conditions. Open mini-silos were left uncovered while in anaerobic mini-silos the FPSR was sealed in plastic bags and covered with sacks of soil. Treatments were: Tl wilted and anaerobic; T2 wilted and open; T3 unwilted and anaerobic; T4 unwilted and open. The mini-silos were sampled at 30-day intervals for up to ll2 days. The samples were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin (LIN), phenolic compounds (PHEN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N), soluble carbohydrats (CHO sol) and pH. The DM effective degradability (DMED) was determined “in situ” using six Santa Inês male sheep fitted with rumen cannula and fed with a mixture 80:20 diet containing grass pasture and concentrate (160 g CP/kg DM). The effects of experimental conditions were analysed in a factorial treatment structure and tested by analysis of variance. Treatment means were compared by contrasts.
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Boughton, Raoul K., Bethany Wright, and Martin B. Main. "Rancher Perceptions of the Coyote in Florida." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-uw143-2016.
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Throughout the continental United States and large portions of Canada and Central America, changes people make to the landscape such as the clearing of forested land and the extermination of larger predators like gray and red wolves have made the environment perfect for the adaptive coyote. Coyotes have rapidly taken advantage of these environmental shifts and expanded into new areas, now including all 67 counties in Florida and even Key Largo. Each year more people in Florida catch a glimpse of a coyote crossing a road or running across open fields, or notice coyote scat along a hiking trail–and farmers and ranchers are seeing signs of coyotes on their farms. As coyotes become a fixture of the Florida landscape, potential grows for conflict with humans. Coyotes are in Florida to stay, and understanding the agricultural community’s perception of their influence on livestock and wildlife is important to developing effective policies for coyote management. This revised 4-page fact sheet provides results of ongoing statewide surveys of ranchers in Florida regarding the influence of coyotes on their operations. Written by Raoul K. Boughton, Bethany Wight, and Martin B. Main, and published by the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, January 2016. WEC 146/UW143: Rancher Perceptions of the Coyote in Florida (ufl.edu)
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Jorgensen, Daniel. "Gestational Psittacosis in a Montana Sheep Rancher." Emerging Infectious Diseases 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0302.970214.
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Timm, Robert M., and Guy E. Connolly. "Sheep-killing coyotes a continuing dilemma for ranchers." California Agriculture 55, no. 6 (November 2001): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v055n06p26.
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Jones, Helen Walker. "Sheep Ranch Near Hillspring." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227319.
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Faheema, Fathima. "Solar based multi functional Agricultural Robot using Arduino." International Journal of Engineering Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijereee/09.01.a003.
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Horticulture robotics has thrown a consistent boost with the innovative automation into an entire substructure, for example, farming, pursuing crops, rover service, cultivating, workshop. By considering the importance of robots, yielding of professional’s are being done in order to elaborate the robot applications. Flying robot, lettuce bot, robot milker, versatile robots are some of the sincere dedication done by the researchers towards the agriculture and even for mankind. Horticulture robot consists of an instrument called as an end effector at the end finish of a mechanical arm which is used for various farming and agriculturing activities. Robots are used as an alternative to the human activities in the various field including agriculture such as driverless tractor, sprayer, seed sowers, sheep shearing etc. The alternative utilization of robots can be done in the symbolization of greenery for example showering, checking, weeding, pruning etc. Here the main purpose of our tender Setup is to assist rancher in furrowing, reaping, soil dampness checking etc. This assessment expected to investigate an establishment using a keen framework which utilizes an inserted framework with solar panel and smart phone for horticulture and basic reasoning using an Arduino mega. The disclosures of this examination found that the structure could screen enveloping soil conditions relying upon that watering will be finished. The casing work was seen to be pleasant for ranchers to use and they can feasibly control the bot realizing cost decline, asset saving and productive organization in horticulture.
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Câmara, Antônio Carlos Lopes, Benito Soto-Blanco, Jael Soares Batista, André Menezes do Vale, Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó, and Robério Gomes Olinda. "Rhinocerebral and rhinopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis in sheep." Ciência Rural 41, no. 5 (May 10, 2011): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011005000058.
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The present study aimed to report the occurrence as well as the clinical, laboratorial, pathological and mycological findings of three outbreaks of rhinocerebral and rhinopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis in sheep from Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. A total of six sheep with clinical signs of conidiobolomycosis were evaluated, and information on history was obtained from ranchers. Clinical signs included depression, progressive emaciation, sero-sanguinolent nasal discharge, tachycardia, dyspnea, miosis and unilateral exophthalmia with increased ocular globe volume, corneal ulceration and nervous system signs. The main hematological alteration was neutrophilia. Serum biochemical evaluation revealed increased values for AST, GGT, creatinine, urea, and glucose, and decreased total proteins and albumin levels. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed the presence of fibrin reticules and pleocytosis. Upon necropsy, longitudinal sections of the head revealed the presence of a nodular mass with a friable consistency and a white-yellowish coloration. Microscopic findings included meningitis, cortex necrosis and encephalitis with the presence of eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli substance. Histopathology of the lungs revealed a Splendore-Hoeppli-like material and hyperplasia of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium. Renal lesions were suggestive of amyloidosis.
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Saitua, Iker. "“Flagging the Lines”: Basque immigrant sheepherders and the early US Forest Administration in Nevada, 1890-1920." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 77 (December 3, 2018): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.077e06s.
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In the early twentieth century, the US Forest Service began to exclude itinerant sheep operations from the public-domain lands it administered: the National Forests. But beyond the National Forests, the extensive public-domain lands devoted to grazing were not regulated. To some local ranchers and stockmen, the increasing presence of itinerant sheepherders, including Basque immigrants, represented the first of a growing number of competitors on Nevada’s public-domain lands. These stockmen blamed itinerant sheepherders for all the problems affecting the water and grassland ecosystems, such as the deterioration of the ranges and the fouling of springs and streams. Their representatives requested an expansion of National Forest boundaries as a means of asserting exclusive use of the range for stockmen. Although at first the Forest Service keenly appreciated the problems of local stock raisers, it opposed the idea of expanding the National Forests in Nevada solely for the purpose of range control. This article explores how some ranchers advocated expanding the National Forest lands within the State of Nevada as a strategy to protect their economic interests and force itinerant sheepherders out of business.
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Fajrin, Muharram, Aisyah Nurmi, and Nurainun Harahap. "PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK TERNAK DALAM PEMBUATAN MINERAL BLOK HERBAL DI DESA MARENU KECAMATAN AEK NABARA BARUMUN KABUPATEN PADANG LAWAS." Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v1i2.31-35.
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This activity has been conducted in February to March 2017 in the village of Marenu sub-district of Aek Nabara Padanglawas District with partnersAdvanced Livestock Group Jaya with the aim to increase knowledge of the breeder about the processing of feed sheep and lamb weight disorders as well as mineral technology blocks transfer herbs.A special target in this program is producing herbal mineral products to accelerate weight gain local sheep. The product is potentially for patents, publications, appropriate technology, and textbook enrichment and increases the income of local sheep rancher above the UMR. The approach method does include phases: (a) Dissemination of herbal mineral technology program in an effort to overcome the local sheep weight disorders; (b) the preparation of the social preconditions, namely the strengthening of local sheep farmer groups, either group or forum as a media meet and problem solving-problems encountered breeder; (c) mineral technology program execution herbs both technical and nontechnicalfor the breeder community, supported by related agencies (local government and higher education (Faculty of animal husbandry, Muhammadiyah University of South Tapanuli); (d) Monitoring, evaluation and reporting. The results obtained are very satisfactory known breeders, among others, as follows: 1.) all cattle like the mineral blocks, 2) livestock appetite grew, 3)herding cattle so much faster, 4) livestock quieter moments infree-range, 5). cattle drinking increased and 6)the addition of the weight of the body of livestock. Keywords:Local Lamb, Mineral Blocks, Appetite, Body Weight.
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Rikoon, Sandy, and Louie W. Attebery. "Sheep May Safely Graze: A Personal Essay on Tradition and a Contemporary Sheep Ranch." Western Historical Quarterly 26, no. 2 (1995): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970227.
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Martin, Jeff M. "Facing into the Blizzard: Resiliency and Mortality of Native and Domestic North American Ungulates to Extreme Weather Events." Diversity 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010011.
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Unseasonably early blizzards in the northern Great Plains threaten large mammal populations unacclimated for variable and extreme winter conditions. This region averaged 22 blizzards per winter season during the 2010s, up from 6 during the 1960s, and is anticipated to average 32 blizzards by the 2050s. In early October 2013, the fatal Atlas Blizzard affected four livestock and captive species in 16 counties of western South Dakota. Expected one-week total death losses for the study area were estimated from national average background mortality rates: 161 cattle, 102 sheep, 9 horses, and 6 bison. However, observed death loss varied significantly (McNemar’s Test: p < 0.001) from the expected during the blizzard with: 35,682 cattle; 6428 sheep; 400 horses; and 40 bison. Observed proportional mortalities varied significantly from the expected proportional mortalities in cattle (83.9% vs. 58.0%); sheep (15.1% vs. 36.7%); horse (0.9% vs. 3.2%); and bison (0.1% vs. 2.1%; chi-squared goodness-of-fit: χ23 = 16.85, p ≤ 0.001). Husbandry practices, animal behavior, and physiology may also explain some of the inequitable death losses for each species. Bison appear to be resilient to blizzards and blizzards are expected to increase due to climate change, therefore, bison may offer viability for ranchers in the face of blizzards and more variable weather.
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AAGESEN, D. "Crisis and conservation at the end of the world: sheep ranching in Argentine Patagonia." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000229.
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Patagonia was one of the last regions in the Americas to be settled by Europeans. It was not until the mid-1880s that the Argentine government secured effective control over the region, after which settlement and economic development were based on sheep ranching. Virtually free of domesticated animals in 1885, by 1910 Patagonian rangelands supported some 12 million sheep. This growth was sustained until 1952, when the sheep population of the region peaked at approximately 22 million, but the number of sheep in Patagonia has since declined to about 13 million. Numerous factors have been implicated in the collapse of sheep ranching, one of great significance being the very poor state of Patagonian rangelands. Soil erosion is widespread, and the flora has been so heavily modified that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to determine what the composition and characteristics of Patagonia's pre-European vegetation were. This paper reviews the evolution of Patagonia's sheep industry and the nature and extent of environmental degradation caused by livestock. Although researchers have long called for a response to the environmental and socio-economic dimensions of the crisis, only in the past decade have initiatives to assess, monitor, and reverse degradation in Patagonia been launched. These initiatives often promote the diversification of land-use and alternative production strategies. Case study evidence from the upper Percey River watershed in western Chubut province indicates that ranchers may view alternative livelihoods with suspicion. It is suggested that measures to restore and protect Patagonian ecosystems would gain greater acceptance if local producers were seen as equals in the conservation and development process. This could be achieved by replacing more-traditional top-down models of policy design and implementation with measures based on genuine consultation and participatory, community-based approaches to natural resource management.
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Sellers, Brent A., and Jason A. Ferrell. "Weed Management in Pastures and Rangeland—2017." EDIS 2017 (February 9, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wg006-2016.
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Weeds in pastures and rangeland cost ranchers in excess of $180 million annually in Florida by reducing forage yield, lowering forage quality, and causing animal injury through toxicity or specialized plant organs (thorns and spines). Effective weed management begins with a healthy pasture. Weeds are seldom a serious problem in a well-managed, vigorously growing pasture. Good pasture management involves the proper choice of the forage species and variety, an adequate fertility program, controlled grazing management, and pest management (weeds, insects, and diseases). This 16-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by Brent Sellers and Jason Ferrell, and published by the Agronomy Department, December 2016. SS-AGR-08/WG006: Weed Management in Pastures and Rangeland—2022 (ufl.edu)
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Studebaker, William. "Sheep May Safely Graze: A Personal Essay on Tradition and a Contemporary Sheep Ranch by Louie W. Attebery." Western American Literature 28, no. 4 (1994): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1994.0104.
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Wilson, R. T., C. P. Peacock, and A. R. Sayers. "Pre-weaning mortality and productivity indices for goats and sheep on a Masai group ranch in south-central Kenya." Animal Science 41, no. 2 (October 1985): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100027860.
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ABSTRACTIn an examination of the productivity of goats and sheep on a Masai group ranch in Kenya, estimated least-squares means for pre-weaning mortality were 28·6% for goats and 32·1% for sheep. Three productivity indices based on total live weight of young produced per female per year, per kg female per year and per kg metabolic weight per year gave values of 11·1 kg, 410 g and 0·99 kg for goats and 14·1 kg, 473 g and 1·18 kg for sheep. The effects of environmental variables on these indices, the comparative advantage accruing to the variables, mortality, reproductive success and weight gain were used to construct a proposed set of interventions for the improvement of small ruminant production in south-central Kenya.
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Ozdemirov, A. A., A. I. Surov, E. S. Surzhikova, A. A. Khozhokov, Z. K. Gadzhiev, D. D. Evlagina, E. M. Alieva, and R. A. Akaeva. "Polymorphism of <i>GH/HaeIII</i> and <i>GDF9/AsplEI</i> genes, genetic variation and association of their genotypes with immune status in sheep of different breeds ranched in different natural and geographic areas." South of Russia: ecology, development 17, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-78-84.
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Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The purpose of this research was to study the genetic polymorphism of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ; GDF9/AsplEIАА, GDF9/AsplEIGG; heterozygous GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.Conclusion. For the first time, genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment. A deeper study of the adaptive characteristics of sheep of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.
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Onoja, Anthony Ojonimi. "Urban Population Growth and Per Capita Income's Effect on Nigerian Ruminant Livestock Production System." Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research 7, no. 3 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000298.
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The study broadly explored the relationship between urban population growth and ruminant livestock production systems in Nigeria. It utilized aggregate time series data from World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT over a period of 53 years. Data collected were analysed with descriptive methods and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The three FMOLS models used were cointegrated. Growths in urban population, temperature change, per capita income in relationship with historical outputs of meat from cattle, sheep and goat were on the ascent right from 1961 to 2013. A major descent was observed in 1986 when the Structural Adjustment Programme was embarked upon in Nigeria. It was found that urban population, total population and per capita income significantly determined the long run output levels of meat from cattle production systems in Nigeria. Urban population significantly influenced the variability of meat production from sheep. The goat meat output were determined by urban population, total population and per capita income. Conclusively, the growing relationship between urbanization and livestock production could exacerbate land scarcity and fuel land intensification especially for livestock production in urban fringes. The need for guided, sustainable land intensification in livestock production is therefore recommended at peri-urban areas of Nigerian cities. Herdsmen and ranchers should be provided with farm credits to boost their productive capacities and meet the food security needs of the growing urban population in Nigeria. More engagement of organized private sector in livestock value chain should be promoted.
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Roper, Caroline G., Joy N. Rumble, Tracy A. Irani, and Yiqian Ma. "Talking Local: Florida Consumer Definitions of Local Food." EDIS 2017 (November 21, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc174-2017.
Full textAbstract:
This is a minor revision of an EDIS publication focusing on consumer definitions of local food. It is the first in the Talking Local series, a six-part EDIS publication series about Florida consumers and their perceptions of local food. This series focuses on ways Extension agents can assist Florida farmers and ranchers in the labeling, sale, and promotion of locally produced products. This series provides information about Florida consumers’ perceptions of local food to Extension faculty who are interested in local food programming or who work with local food clientele. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Caroline G. Roper, Joy N. Rumble, Yiqian Ma, and Tracy A. Irani, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, November 2017. AEC509/WC174: Talking Local: Florida Consumer Definitions of Local Food (ufl.edu)
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Roper, Caroline G., and Joy N. Rumble. "Talking Local: Florida Consumers’ Reasons for Purchasing Local Food." EDIS 2017 (November 21, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc176-2017.
Full textAbstract:
This is a minor revision of an EDIS publication focusing on understanding Florida consumers’ reasons for purchasing local food. It is the third in the Talking Local series, a six-part EDIS publication series about Florida consumers and their perceptions of local food. This series focuses on ways Extension agents can assist Florida farmers and ranchers in the labeling, sale, and promotion of locally produced products. This series provides information about Florida consumers’ perceptions of local food to Extension faculty who are interested in local food programming or who work with local food clientele. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Caroline G. Roper and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, November 2017. AEC511/WC176: Talking Local: Florida Consumers' Reasons for Purchasing Local Food (ufl.edu)
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Rumble, Joy N., and Caroline G. Roper. "Talking Local: Florida Consumers' Fresh from Florida Perceptions." EDIS 2017 (November 27, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc181-2017.
Full textAbstract:
As the final publication of the Talking Local series, this EDIS publication focuses on Florida consumer perceptions of Fresh from Florida. Fresh from Florida is a program administered by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), which aims to advertise and promote Florida products (FDACS, 2013). This series focuses on ways Extension agents can assist Florida farmers and ranchers in the labeling, sale, and promotion of locally produced products. It provides Extension faculty who are interested in local food programming or who work with local food clientele with information about Florida consumers’ perceptions of local food. This 4-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by Joy N. Rumble and Caroline G. Roper, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, November 2017. AEC516/WC181: Talking Local: Florida Consumers’ Fresh from Florida Perceptions (ufl.edu)
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Perumbakkam, S., R. M. Rattray, M. J. M. Delorme, J. M. Duringer, and A. M. Craig. "Discovery of novel microorganisms involved in ergot alkaloid detoxification: An approach." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3142.
Full textAbstract:
Fescue toxicosis and ergot alkaloids are estimated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to cost the U.S. ranchers $860 million per year. The endophyte fungi Neotyphodium coenophialum is present in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). This fungus produces toxic alkaloids (principally ergovaline) that cause deleterious effects in cattle and other livestock when infected grasses are eaten. Previous studies in sheep and cattle have yielded no culturable microbes able to detoxify the ergot molecules, leading to the search for novel sources of anaerobic organisms capable of degrading ergot alkaloids. Anaerobic incubation of earthworm (Eisenea fetida) homogenate with pure ergovaline has exhibited a 60% decrease in ergovaline concentration. Digestive tracks were dissected from worms obtained from an endophyte-fed digester. Cloning and partial sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA obtained from these samples revealed a diverse microbiota, including bacteria sequences which classified into the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Planktomycetes. Future work is focused on refining our understanding of the contribution towards possible ergot alkaloids detoxification made by the bacteria of the worm-gut microbiota. Keywords: ergovaline, microbial degradation, endophyte, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Eisenea fetida
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Khamesipour, Faham, Sana Sadat Afzal, Shadan Shojaat, Saeed Nezaratizade, Bahareh Chelgerdi Dehkordi, Parya Kheyri, and Seyed Hossein Hejazi. "A Review of the Paratuberculosis in Iran." Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine 1 (October 14, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_1_2020.
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The available information for decision-making and adoption of appropriate policies to control paratuberculosis in most countries is based on published studies in developed countries. Therefore, the present study is aimed to review the situation of Johne’s disease (JD) in Iran, in a method to provide accurate information to implement effective programs to control the disease. This research is a systematic review based on valid databases inside and outside the country. The search was performed by keywords of Iran JD, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, buffaloes, milk, semen fluid, and a combination of them. Then, all articles that had necessary indexes were chosen. Unfortunately, despite the extended population of ruminants in the country and the higher infection rate of paratuberculosis in Iran in comparison with developed countries, the accepted strategies for the administration of paratuberculosis are voluntary and considered by ranchers. Basic control approaches are management modification, testing, culling, and vaccination, and implementation of these programs can be operative in control of the disease occurrence in Iran. Numerous mistakes in the design of studies limit the quality of evidence concerning the prevalence of paratuberculosis in the region.
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Srivastava, Mayank, Dipanjan Bhattacharjee, and Vinod Kumar Sinha. "Socio-demographic correlates of school refusal among primary school students in Ranchi City." Indian Journal of Psychiatric Social Work 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29120/ijpsw.2020.v11.i1.205.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: School refusal has some distinctive features and it can affect the academic achievement of the students very negatively. Several socio-demographic factors are responsible for school refusal. This study intends to see the role of some socio-demographic factors in school refusal among primary grade students of five private schools of the city of Ranchi. Methodology: It was a Cross-sectional school-based study on five private schools of Ranchi city. Total students approached were 1640, out of which 52 students were selected purposively as per the study criteria. Socio-demographic Data Sheet and School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) were used and descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results: Factors like the gender of the students, parental education, monthly family income and family type have a significant impact on school refusal behaviour of selected students. Conclusion: School refusal is a complicated problem and it has been influenced by various factors.
Keywords: School refusal, demographic variables, parents, family, absenteeism
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Câmara, Antônio Carlos Lopes, André Menezes do Vale, Jael Soares Batista, Francisco Marlon C. Feijó, and Benito Soto-Blanco. "Suppurative intracranial processes in 15 domestic ruminants." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 5 (May 2014): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000500006.
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In addition to listeriosis which is relatively common in ruminants, there are three other uncommon suppurative intracranial processes (SIP) identifiable in adult ungulates as brain abscess, basilar empyema and suppurative meningitis. The present paper reports the epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, pathological and microbiological findings of 15 domestic ruminants with SIP. A total of 15 animals were selected (eight sheep, four cattle and three goats); with the definitive diagnoses of basilar empyema (n=3), brain abscess (n=1), listeriosis (n=5) and suppurative meningitis (n=6). Hematology revealed leukocytosis with inversion of the lymphocyte/ neutrophil ratio in 4 cases. In the majority of animals, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presented light yellow coloration and cloudy aspect due to neutrophilic pleocytosis (15 - 997 leukocytes/µL). Microbiological culture of CSF or central nervous system (CNS) fragments resulted on isolation of Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes,Listeria monocytogenes,Escherichia coli and Stenotrophomonas sp. In a goat with thalamic abscess, microbiological assay was not performed, but Gram positive bacilli type bacteria were observed in histology. The diagnosis of these outbreaks was based on the association of epidemiological, clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings; reiterating that the infectious component remains an important cause of CNS disease in domestic ruminants and also shows the need for dissemination of information about the most effective preventive measures for the ranchers.
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Kilonzo, JM, WN Ekaya, and RN Kinuthia. "Feeding characteristics of sheep (Ovis aries) and Grant's gazelles (Gazella granti) on Kapiti ranch, Kenya." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 22, no. 1 (April 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220110509485856.
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