Journal articles: 'Sheep lens'

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Kayikçioğlu, Özcan, Sait Eğrilmez, Sinan Emre, and Tansu Erakgün. "Human cataractous lens nucleus implanted in a sheep eye lens as a model for phacoemulsification training." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 30, no. 3 (March 2004): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.08.018.

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Gruijters, W. T., J. Kistler, and S. Bullivant. "Formation, distribution and dissociation of intercellular junctions in the lens." Journal of Cell Science 88, no. 3 (October 1, 1987): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.88.3.351.

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A 70,000 Mr membrane protein (MP70) has previously been identified as a specific component of lens intercellular junctions. In this paper we use anti-MP70 immunofluorescence microscopy of dissected fibre bundles to study the formation, distribution and dissociation of junctional plaques in the outer cortex region of the sheep lens. Abundant, small junctional plaques are assembled de novo in the broad sides of the elongating fibres near the equatorial lens periphery. In fully elongated, pole-to-pole fibres, junctional plaques are generally larger, and while dispersed on the broad sides of the fibres in the equatorial lens plane, these junctions line up in the middle of the broad and narrow sides of the fibres in the lens polar regions. This precisely defined positioning is independent of junction size and hence cannot solely be explained by the constraints of fibre width. Junctional plaques fragment to smaller sizes and MP70 is cleaved to MP38 in mature, enucleated fibres located in the deeper portions of the lens outer cortex. These results demonstrate a dynamic aspect of lens intercellular junctions and show that they are positioned in a precise fashion, possibly in association with other membrane or cytoskeletal components.

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Beydemir, Ş., D. N. Kulaçoğlu, M. Çiftçi, and Ö. I. Küfrevioğlu. "The Effects of Some Antibiotics on Sheep Lens Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Vitro." European Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (March 2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210301300207.

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Purpose To investigate the in vitro effects of gentamicin sulfate, vancomycin hydrochloride, sodium cefazolin and ceftriaxone on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) purified from sheep lenses. Methods G6PD was purified from sheep lenses with a yield of 66.8% and a specific activity of 7.8 U/mg proteins, and 10,400-fold using ammonium sulfate fractionation and 2′,5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel. The enzyme activity was determined by Beutler's method. Results Gentamicin sulfate and vancomycin hydrochloride strongly inhibited the enzyme in vitro. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition (IC50) were 15.34, and 8.0 mM, respectively. Conversely, cefazolin sodium strongly activated this enzyme, and ceftriaxone caused milder activation. Conclusions If a patient with G6PD deficiency requires gentamicin sulfate or vancomycin hydrochloride, routine ophthalmic did not inhibit this enzyme. Postmortem studies are now needed to investigate the activity of G6PD and how it is affected by these antibiotics.

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Lurtz, Monica M., and Charles F. Louis. "Intracellular calcium regulation of connexin43." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): C1806—C1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00630.2006.

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The mechanism by which intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates the permeability of gap junctions composed of connexin43 (Cx43) was investigated in HeLa cells stably transfected with this connexin. Extracellular addition of Ca2+ in the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin produced a sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i that resulted in an inhibition of the cell-to-cell transfer of the fluorescent dye Alexa fluor 594 (IC50 of 360 nM Ca2+). The Ca2+ dependency of this inhibition of Cx43 gap junctional permeability is very similar to that described in sheep lens epithelial cell cultures that express the three sheep lens connexins (Cx43, Cx44, and Cx49). The intracellular Ca2+-mediated decrease in cell-to-cell dye transfer was prevented by an inhibitor of calmodulin action but not by inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or protein kinase C. In experiments that used HeLa cells transfected with a Cx43 COOH-terminus truncation mutant (Cx43Δ257), cell-to-cell coupling was similarly decreased by an elevation of [Ca2+]i (IC50 of 310 nM Ca2+) and similarly prevented by the addition of an inhibitor of calmodulin. These data indicate that physiological concentrations of [Ca2+]i regulate the permeability of Cx43 in a calmodulin-dependent manner that does not require the major portion of the COOH terminus of Cx43.

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Churchill, Grant C., and Charles F. Louis. "Imaging of intracellular calcium stores in single permeabilized lens cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): C426—C434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.2.c426.

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Intracellular Ca2+ stores in permeabilized sheep lens cells were imaged with mag-fura 2 to characterize their distribution and sensitivity to Ca2+-releasing agents. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) released Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores that were maintained by an ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump. The IP3 antagonist heparin inhibited IP3- but not cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release, whereas the cADPR antagonist 8-amino-cADPR inhibited cADPR- but not IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, indicating that IP3 and cADPR were operating through separate mechanisms. A Ca2+ store sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin appeared to be distributed throughout all intracellular regions. In some cells a Ca2+ store insensitive to IP3, cADPR, thapsigargin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not ionomycin, was present in a juxtanuclear region. We conclude that lens cells contain intracellular Ca2+ stores that are sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin, as well as a Ca2+store that appears insensitive to all these agents.

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Gonzalez, Ezequiel Bernardo, Diego Mariano Sacchero, and Marcos Horacio Easdale. "Environmental influence on Merino sheep wool quality through the lens of seasonal variations in fibre diameter." Journal of Arid Environments 181 (October 2020): 104248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104248.

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Churchill, G., and C. Louis. "Roles of Ca2+, inositol trisphosphate and cyclic ADP-ribose in mediating intercellular Ca2+ signaling in sheep lens cells." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.9.1217.

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To further characterize how gap junction-dependent Ca2+ waves propagate between sheep lens cells, we examined the possible roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), Ca2+ and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) in mediating intercellular Ca2+ waves. Second messengers were microinjected into a single cell in a monolayer of sheep lens cells while monitoring cytosolic Ca2+ with fura-2 and fluorescence microscopy. All three compounds initiated intercellular Ca2+ waves, but more cells responded following the injection of either IP3 or cADPR than responded following the injection of Ca2+. When either IP3 or cADPR was co-injected with the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, cytosolic Ca2+ in the injected cell decreased but cytosolic Ca2+ in the adjacent cells increased, indicating that the intercellular messenger was IP3 or cADPR, rather than Ca2+. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 eliminated mechanically initiated intercellular Ca2+ waves, indicating that mechanical initiation probably requires IP3 production. In U73122-treated cells, injected IP3 initiated an intercellular Ca2+ wave in which the number of cells responding increased as the amount of IP3 injected increased, indicating that the distance traveled by the Ca2+ wave was dependent on cell-to-cell diffusion of IP3. In contrast, the ability of cADPR both to increase cytosolic Ca2+ in the injected cell and to initiate intercellular Ca2+ waves was greatly attenuated by U73122. In conclusion, Ca2+, IP3 and cADPR can all mediate intercellular Ca2+ waves by passing through gap junction channels, but both IP3 and cADPR are more effective intercellular messengers than Ca2+.

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van Boekel, Martinus A. M., Daan M. F. van Aalten, Gert-Jan Caspers, Beate Röll, and Wilfried W. de Jong. "Evolution of the Aldose Reductase-Related Gecko Eye Lens Protein ρB-Crystallin: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing." Journal of Molecular Evolution 52, no. 3 (March 2001): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010152.

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Rashid, Frank D. "Transparent Eye, Voice Howling Within: Codes of Violence in Lawrence Joseph's Poetry." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1611.

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In the early quatrains of “Rubaiyat,” a poem in Lawrence Joseph's fourth book, into it, The poet adopts a curious perspective for an American poet of Arab ancestry who is intensely critical of American military aggression. Taking on the “eye” of the aggressor, he pulls up the “satellite image of a major / military target, a 3-D journey / into a landscape of hills and valleys.” He follows the lens as it zooms closer to the ground:Zoom in close enough—the shadowsof statues, the swimming pools of palaces …closer—a garden of palm trees,oranges and lemons, chickens, sheep. … (41)

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van Eeden, Lily M., Bradley P. Smith, Mathew S. Crowther, Chris R. Dickman, and Thomas M. Newsome. "‘The dingo menace’: an historic survey on graziers’ management of an Australian carnivore." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18031.

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Studies of environmental history provide an important lens through which to analyse our contemporary thinking and practices. Here we consider historic management of the conflict caused by dingo predation on livestock. We present unpublished findings of a comprehensive national survey of graziers’ attitudes, knowledge and interactions with dingoes that was conducted by Professor N.W.G. Macintosh in the 1950s. By analysing the 137 responses from this survey, we sought to determine the factors that shaped graziers’ attitudes and management decisions. The four most popular management methods employed to protect livestock from dingoes were trapping (80%), ground-baiting (68%), fencing (44%), and shooting (34%). Whether a respondent had sheep or not was the strongest determinant of which management methods were used, with sheep graziers less likely to use ground-baiting and shooting and more likely to use trapping and fencing. While some patterns among responses were evident, the study reveals the complex nature of graziers’ experiences with dingoes and suggests that, given the lack of scientific evidence available to them at the time of Macintosh’s survey, their decisions, observations, and attitudes were influenced by contextual factors. We use this analysis to consider how history has shaped contemporary dingo management. While the economic, social and environmental context has changed since Macintosh’s survey over 60 years ago, some historical attitudes and practices surrounding dingoes have endured and attacks on livestock by dingoes continue to be regarded as a major threat to graziers.

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Finn, Jeremy. "John James Meikle and the Problem of the Wrongly Convicted: An Enquiry into the History of Criminal Appeals in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i3.5217.

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This article investigates the development of the law governing of appeals in criminal cases in New Zealand, and the substantial though neglected history of agitation for recourse for the wrongly convicted. It uses as a lens the story of John James Meikle, a farmer convicted of sheep stealing in 1887, who later successfully prosecuted the principal prosecution witness for perjury, successfully petitioned Parliament for compensation, was the subject of a Royal Commission into his conviction and, uniquely, was declared innocent by an Act of Parliament in 1908. Meikle's case was one of several highly publicised cases in the period 1880-1910 which demonstrated serious shortcomings in the law and led to parliamentary and public calls for reform. By 1910, calls for enactment of legislation on the lines of the Court of Criminal Appeal (established 1907) received wide supporting in parliament and from the judiciary. The article concludes by looking at the reasons why, despite this level of consensus, reform legislation was delayed until 1945.

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Gurey, Lowell, Stanley M. Shapshay, Michelle Simkulet, and Jason E. Smith; Haibo Liu. "R428 – Evaluation of an Endoscope With an Ultra-wide Field of View." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.583.

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Problem The objective of this project is to establish if an advantage exists in using the C-View ‘trademark’ endoscope compared to a typical 0-degree Hopkins rod-lens telescope. The C-View ‘trademark’ endoscope is a novel design that provides a field of view up to ‘plus-minus’ 135-degrees about the optical axis and 360-degrees panoramically. Methods A cadaveric sheep glottis and trachea was examined using both a 4-mm Hopkins rod-lens telescope and a C-View ‘trademark’ endoscope (under development by Inter-Science, Inc., Troy, NY). At this time, the C-View ‘trademark’ endoscope prototype performs optical imaging only and does not include a means of internal illumination. Therefore, a separate external illumination source was used. Video taken during these examinations was analyzed and still images were obtained using the video editing software included with our stroboscopy tower (KayPentax Model 9295, Lincoln Park, NJ). Results The C-View ‘trademark’-based endoscope offers a sizable increase in field of view. Mucosal findings on the tracheal wall that could not be appreciated with the standard 0-degree model were readily apparent using this endoscope. Conclusion The C-View ‘trademark’ endoscope has enormous potential in the field of diagnostic endoscopy by creating a new working environment with an unmatched ultra-wide field of view. At this point, its use in living models or patients cannot be assessed without further development of the endoscope's illumination subsystem. Significance The true potential of this endoscopic system may not be fully realized until a prototype is developed which includes adequate illumination capabilities. Once perfected, this system will provide an enlarged field of view to any endoscopic surgeon or diagnostician. In the field of otolaryngology, this system has potential clinical relevance in many areas, including sinus endoscopy, laryngoscopy/tracheoscopy, esophagoscopy, and skull base surgery. Furture studies will assess manipulation of instruments in this new environment.

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LoPinto, Alexander J., Chris G. Pirie, Sandra L. Ayres, and Daniela Bedenice. "Comparison of indocyanine green and sodium fluorescein for anterior segment angiography of ophthalmically normal eyes of goats, sheep, and alpacas performed with a digital single-lens reflex camera adaptor." American Journal of Veterinary Research 78, no. 3 (March 2017): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.78.3.311.

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Lumi, Xhevat, Tanja Dučić, Martin Kreuzer, Marko Hawlina, and Sofija Andjelic. "UV Effect on Human Anterior Lens Capsule Macro-Molecular Composition Studied by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Micro-Spectroscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105249.

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an important risk factor in cataractogenesis. Lens epithelial cells (LECs), which are a highly metabolically active part of the lens, play an important role in UV-induced cataractogenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell compounds such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in human UV C-irradiated anterior lens capsules (LCs) with LECs, as well as to compare them with the control, non-irradiated LCs of patients without cataract, by using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) micro-spectroscopy. In order to understand the effect of the UV C on the LC bio-macromolecules in a context of cataractogenesis, we used the SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy setup installed on the beamline MIRAS at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, where measurements were set to achieve a single-cell resolution with high spectral stability and high photon flux. UV C irradiation of LCs resulted in a significant effect on protein conformation with protein formation of intramolecular parallel β-sheet structure, lower phosphate and carboxyl bands in fatty acids and amino acids, and oxidative stress markers with significant increase of lipid peroxidation and diminishment of the asymmetric CH3 band.

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Cicek, Harun, Joanne R. Thiessen Martens, Keith C. Bamford, and Martin H. Entz. "Forage potential of six leguminous green manures and effect of grazing on following grain crops." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 6 (October 16, 2014): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000349.

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AbstractThere is a need to design intensive cropping systems that can reap multiple benefits from annual forages including animal feed, soil fertility and weed control. Considering pea/oat (Pisum sativumcv. 40–10/Avena sativacv. Legget) as a standard green manure, this study investigated the productivity, weed competitiveness, utilization and nitrogen (N) benefit from grazed and ungrazed green manures to spring wheat (Triticum aestivumcv. Waskada) and fall rye (Secale cerealecv. Hazlet). A set of 3-year experiments was carried out in Carman, Manitoba, Canada in 2009, and was repeated in 2010 and 2011. Green manures were grazed by 2–3 ewes and 2–5 lambs for 24 h (1111–1667 sheep days per ha). Averaged over experiments pea/oat mix, hairy vetch (Vicia villosaL.) and sweetclover (Melilotus officinaliscv. Norgold) above-ground dry matter (DM) production were 5036, 5032 and 4064 kg ha−1, respectively. Lentil (Lens culinariscv. Indianhead), a mixture of seven species and soybean (Glycine maxcv. Prudence) produced the least amount of DM over 3 years; 3589, 3551, 3174 kg ha−1, respectively. Pea/oat and hairy vetch were the most weed-competitive species and, averaged over 3 years, contained less than 15% weed DM. Utilization of green manures by grazing animals varied little among species across years and ranged from 28 to 86% for individual species and years. When combined across experiments grazing increased N availability to the wheat crop. The grazing effect was significant for wheat DM production, N uptake and grain N, but not significant for yield across experiments. Averaged over 3 years, wheat took up 107 kg N ha−1from grazed plots versus 98 kg N ha−1from ungrazed plots. A significant species×management interaction for total (wheat+fall rye) N uptake in 2009 indicated that increasing the proportion of legumes in the green manure increased N benefit from grazing. Fall rye productivity was not affected by grazing. We recommend pea/oat and hairy vetch as two green manure species to enhance the overall system performance to achieve high level of DM production, good weed competition, utilization by sheep and provision of N benefit to the following wheat and fall rye crops.

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Ram, Jagat, Jitender Jinagal, ParulC Gupta, and Gaurav Gupta. "Pigment sheet on lens surface." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 66, no. 10 (2018): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_715_18.

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Schneider, Peter. "Generalized multi-plane gravitational lensing: time delays, recursive lens equation, and the mass-sheet transformation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424881.

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We consider several aspects of the generalized multi-plane gravitational lens theory, in which light rays from a distant source are affected by several main deflectors, and in addition by the tidal gravitational field of the large-scale matter distribution in the Universe when propagating between the main deflectors. Specifically, we derive a simple expression for the time-delay function in this case, making use of the general formalism for treating light propagation in inhomogeneous spacetimes which leads to the characterization of distance matrices between main lens planes. Applying Fermat’s principle, an alternative form of the corresponding lens equation is derived, which connects the impact vectors in three consecutive main lens planes, and we show that this form of the lens equation is equivalent to the more standard one. For this, some general relations for cosmological distance matrices are derived. The generalized multi-plane lens situation admits a generalized mass-sheet transformation, which corresponds to uniform isotropic scaling in each lens plane, a corresponding scaling of the deflection angle, and the addition of a tidal matrix (mass sheet plus external shear) to each main lens. The scaling factor in the lens planes exhibits a curious alternating behavior for odd and even numbered planes. We show that the time delay for sources in all lens planes scale with the same factor under this generalized mass-sheet transformation, thus precluding the use of time-delay ratios to break the mass-sheet transformation.

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Van Grinsven, Kari L., Alireza Ousati Ashtiani, and Hongrui Jiang. "Flexible Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Microlens Array Sheet." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070464.

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We have fabricated a fully-flexible, focus-tunable microlens array on a sheet and demonstrated its imaging capabilities. Each liquid lens of the array is individually tunable via electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) actuation and is situated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which allows the lens array to operate as a reconfigurable optical system. In particular, we observed a significant increase in the field of view (FOV) of the system to 40.4° by wrapping it on a cylindrical surface as compared to the FOV of 21.5° obtained by the array on a planer surface. We also characterized the liquid lenses of the system, observing a range of focus length from 20.2 mm to 9.2 mm as increased voltage was applied to each EWOD lens. A Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) was used to measure the wavefront of the lens as it was actuated, and the aberrations of the lens were assessed by reporting the Zernike coefficients of the wavefronts.

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Liu, Zhen, and Le Yi Ren. "Study of Anti-Counterfeit Printing with Cylindrical Lens Sheet Basic on Screening Copy." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.140.

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Grating material can have security effects in print for its specific optical properties. In this paper, the technology of copyright protection used in Screening Copy is studied basic on the optical properties of cylindrical lens sheet and screening. Firstly, the relation of the parameter of cylindrical lens sheet and the parameters of half-tone image is studied. Achieving the arithmetic what used to set dot basic on the relation. Secondly, imitating the experiment in Photoshop cs2 and setting dot after transferring the image to halftone use the screening of it. Meanwhile, generate the layer which has the effect of cylindrical lens sheet and can get the imitate effect while rotate the layer. In the experiment, using the printer of Epson 7880 to print the image and examining the security through corresponding cylindrical lens sheet. The experiment proves the hidden information only can be seen though cylindrical lens sheet and it shows the anti-counterfeit way have well effect in screening copy. And the equipment and processes are not needed too much for this way, so the anti-counterfeit effect can be achieved in the condition of not adding cost.

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Tolentino, Georgina S., Leticia M. Estevinho, Ananias Pascoal, Sandra S. Rodrigues, and Alfredo J. Teixeira. "Microbiological quality and sensory evaluation of new cured products obtained from sheep and goat meat." Animal Production Science 57, no. 2 (2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14995.

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The present work aims to study the effect of species and seasoning time on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of cured legs of sheep and goats. Three cure periods were used: two for sheep and one for goat legs. Legs of lamb were cured for 7 and 8 months whereas legs of goat were cured for 8 months only. Samples were evaluated regarding pH, water activity and indicators of food microbial quality and safety. A trained panel carried out the sensory analysis, with aroma, texture, appearance and taste being the evaluated parameters. Significant differences were detected between the amount of aerobic mesophiles of the products cured during 7 months and the sheep legs cured during 8 months. Moulds and yeasts were between 1.81 × 106 ± 1.73 × 106 and 3.97 × 106 ± 5.45 × 106 colony-forming units/g, whereas total coliforms varied from 2.80 × 102 ± 4.13 × 102 to 1.31 × 104 ± 2.39 × 104. All samples were negative for toxigenic species. Concerning sensory analysis, hardness and taste persistence were the attributes that presented the highest and the lowest discriminative power, respectively. In general, the panel was able to characterise and distinguish the samples. The cured legs of goats were characterised as harder and as less succulent than those obtained from sheep. Sheep meat with larger time of cure was the brightest, whereas the one with a smaller time of cure was the most succulent. However, goat meat presented higher values of rancid and acid flavour. Sheep meat submitted to longer processing presented the most intense flavour and sheep meat with an inferior cure period presented the lowest intensity in all flavour attributes. This paper describes, for the first time in Portugal, the production and characterisation of cured legs of sheep and goats as a strategy to enhance economic value to good quality products obtained from animals of second category.

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OTA, Sadao. "Light Sheet Microscopy Using Single Objective Lens." Seibutsu Butsuri 57, no. 4 (2017): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.57.200.

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Wolter, Reimer J. "Continuous sheet of lens epithelium on an intraocular lens: Pathological confirmation of specular microscopy." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 19, no. 6 (November 1993): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80353-7.

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Sahebjam, Farzin. "A Rapid and Effective Method to Prolong Pain Relief in Sheep Using Bupivacaine and Intralipid ® Combination." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000185.

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Background : To compare the duration of action of a local anesthetic block using a lipid formulation of bupivacaine to the commercially available aqueous formulation. Bupivacaine 0.5% was mixed with an equal volume of either lipid emulsion (Intralipid, Fresenius Kabi) or normal saline resulting in a final concentration of 0.25% bupivacaine. Eighteen sheep were administered a n erve block of either control or treatment at the metacarpal region of each forelimb to compare the efficacy of the injected formulations. The nociceptive test was determined by applying a blunt noxious stimulus to the foot below the nerve block at multiple time intervals until the sheep responded by withdrawing its foot. The person assessing the response to the noxious stimulus was blinded to the treatment. Results: The Intralipid formulation significantly extended the duration of the nerve block compared to the control group. The mean analgesic period (mean±SD) in the control legs was 4.23±1.8 hr. compared to 5.81±1.78 hr. in the Intralipid injected legs (p=0.013). Conclusions : In conclusion, an Intralipid® - based formulation provided a more prolonged dura tion of local anesthesia after nerve blocks in the sheep metacarpal region compared to aqueous bupivacaine.

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Chaudhury, Manoj K., Timothy Weaver, C. Y. Hui, and E. J. Kramer. "Adhesive contact of cylindrical lens and a flat sheet." Journal of Applied Physics 80, no. 1 (July 1996): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362819.

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Fahrbach, Florian O., Fabian F. Voigt, Benjamin Schmid, Fritjof Helmchen, and Jan Huisken. "Rapid 3D light-sheet microscopy with a tunable lens." Optics Express 21, no. 18 (August 30, 2013): 21010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.021010.

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Jagadale, A. B., S. S. Sonavane, and D. V. Jadhav. "Development of Scale Invariant lens Opacity Estimation System using Hough Circle Detection Transform, Normalization and Entropy." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.e8614.0210421.

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Clear eye lens is responsible for correct vision. Ageing effect acquires opacity at lens structure causing foggy or blurred vision. It is termed as cataract. This may become cause of permanent blindness if remain unidentified and untreated. Due to hazards change in environment and adoption of sluggish lifestyle many diseases like cataract are becoming universal challenge for health organization over the world. Lack of medication and diagnosis facility in developing countries makes cataract as savior vision problem. Proposed methodology suggests image processing based, low cost solution for lens opacity or cataract detection. In this system eye lens image from input image is acquired using Iterative Hough circle detection transform. It is normalized using Daugman’s rubber sheet normalization algorithm which makes system scale invariant. Structural variation in normalized lens image is estimated in terms of entropy or mean value. Comparison of right and left half entropies of normalized image is basis for estimation of lens opacity. It is used to detect and categorize lens opacity or cataract. This system easily categorize lens opacity based on structural features of opacity in one of three grades such as “No cataract”, “Cortical cataract” or “Nuclear cataract”.

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Rumyantsev, V. D., Yu V. Ashcheulov, N. Yu Davidyuk, E. A. Ionova, P. V. Pokrovskiy, N. A. Sadchikov, and V. M. Andreev. "CPV Modules Based on Lens Panels." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.211.

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A work on development of the high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) modules with Fresnel lens panels and III-V multijunction cells is presented. A composite structure of the small-aperture area 40x40 (or 60x60) mm2 Fresnel lenses, united in a panel, was realized. A silicate glass sheet (front side of a module) serves as a superstrate for transparent microprisms formed in silicone. Small averaged thickness of the prisms ensures low IR absorption of sunlight in comparison with acrylic Fresnel lenses. Temperature dependences of the optical properties in such a type of the solar concentrators and PV properties of the cells in passive heat dissipation conditions are under consideration. The solar cells are the triple-junction InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge cells with designated illumination area 1.7-2.3 mm in diameter. A HCPV module consists of the 144 (or 64) sub-modules in 12x12 (or 8x8) configuration. Solar cells are protected from environment in different ways: by side walls of a module body, or by a rear glass sheet at integrated sealing the cells in a back-side module panel. Module design includes refractive smooth-surface secondary lenses. The cell strings are glued to the rear glass surface of the module body using lamination process. Proper quality of the solar cells in a multistage module assembling procedure is ensured owing to specially developed contactless test method, based on analyzing the electroluminescent signals at local photoexitation. For arrangement of the HCPV modules in a solar installation, a number of the solar trackers have been developed and realized for 1-3-5 kWp of the installed power.

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PARK, KUN JOONG, and HO-YOUNG KIM. "Bending of floating flexible legs." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 610 (August 8, 2008): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008002784.

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When long thin flexible solid objects, such as the legs of water striders, disposable spoons and human hairs, are pressed against a liquid surface, they bend due to interfacial and hydrostatic forces. To understand the phenomenon, we study the bending of a sheet touching the liquid surface at an angle while clamped at the other end, to find its deflection and the load that the sheet can support before sinking. The theoretically predicted shapes of the sheet and the meniscus match well with experiments. Our theory shows that flexible sheets can support more load than rigid ones before sinking when the sheets are highly hydrophobic.

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Shi, Fenghua, Jing Wen, and Dangyuan Lei. "High-efficiency, large-area lattice light-sheet generation by dielectric metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 9, no. 12 (June 29, 2020): 4043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0227.

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AbstractLattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) was developed for long-term live-cell imaging with ultra-fine three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, and low photo-toxicity by illuminating the sample with a thin lattice-like light-sheet. Currently available schemes for generating thin lattice light-sheets often require complex optical designs. Meanwhile, limited by the bulky objective lens and optical components, the light throughput of existing LLSM systems is rather low. To circumvent the above problems, we utilize a dielectric metasurface of a single footprint to replace the conventional illumination modules used in the conventional LLSM and generate a lattice light-sheet with a ~3-fold broader illumination area and a significantly leveraged illumination efficiency, which consequently leads to a larger field of view with a higher temporal resolution at no extra cost of the spatial resolution. We demonstrate that the metasurface can manipulate spatial frequencies of an input laser beam in orthogonal directions independently to break the trade-off between the field of view and illumination efficiency of the lattice light-sheet. Compared to the conventional LLSM, our metasurface module serving as an ultra-compact illumination component for LLSM at an ease will potentially enable a finer spatial resolution with a larger numerical-aperture detection objective lens.

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Alperstein, Ariel M., Joshua S. Ostrander, Tianqi O. Zhang, and Martin T. Zanni. "Amyloid found in human cataracts with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 14 (March 20, 2019): 6602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821534116.

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UV light and other factors damage crystallin proteins in the eye lens, resulting in cataracts that scatter light and affect vision. Little information exists about protein structures within these disease-causing aggregates. We examined postmortem lens tissue from individuals with and without cataracts using 2D infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy. Amyloid β-sheet secondary structure was detected in cataract lenses along with denatured structures. No amyloid structures were found in lenses from juveniles, but mature lenses with no cataract diagnosis also contained amyloid, indicating that amyloid structures begin forming before diagnosis. Light scatters more strongly in regions with amyloid structure, and UV light induces amyloid β-sheet structures, linking the presence of amyloid structures to disease pathology. Establishing that age-related cataracts involve amyloid structures gives molecular insight into a common human affliction and provides a possible structural target for pharmaceuticals as an alternative to surgery.

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Synge, B., F. Scott, and D. MacDougall. "Dermatitis of the legs of sheep associated with Staphylococcus aureus." Veterinary Record 116, no. 17 (April 27, 1985): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.116.17.459.

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Barner, Lindsey A., Adam K. Glaser, Lawrence D. True, Nicholas P. Reder, and Jonathan T. C. Liu. "Solid immersion meniscus lens (SIMlens) for open-top light-sheet microscopy." Optics Letters 44, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.004451.

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Fuerst-Waltl, B., and R. Baumung. "Economic weights for conformation traits in Mountain sheep." Archives Animal Breeding 49, no. 6 (October 10, 2006): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-49-575-2006.

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Abstract. Between October 2004 and April 2005, data of 304 and 504 Mountain sheep rams and ewes, respectively, were collected at seven auction sales for sheep breeding stock. Conformation scores of all animals were assessed before the auction started. In Mountain sheep, the scores 1 (worst) to 9 (best) are assigned for the conformation traits type, frame, form, feet and legs and wool. For the analysis of auction price, effects accounted for were the fixed effects of conformation traits, auction and lamb(s) sold with ewe (ewes only) as well as the covariate success at exhibitions. Auction had a significant effect on price in rams (P<0.05) and ewes (P<0.001), while for exhibition success only a trend (P<0.10) could be observed in ewes. Ewes sold with lambs did not achieve significantly higher prices. Within conformation traits, only type was found to have a significant effect in both sexes (P<0.01 in rams and P<0.001 in ewes). In rams, frame had a significant effect on auction price (P<0.001) while only a trend could be observed for form and feet and legs (P<0.10). Contrary to these results, in ewes higher scores for form and wool led to significantly higher prices (P<0.05 and <0.001, respectively). By means of the obtained Least Squares Means for score classes, economic weights for conformation traits were derived. The economic weights per genetic standard deviation, ewe place and year range from approximately € 0.9 to € 4.9 in ewes and € 1.3 to € 4.8 in rams.

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Chen, Lianwei, Xiaorui Zheng, Zheren Du, Baohua Jia, Min Gu, and Minghui Hong. "A frozen matrix hybrid optical nonlinear system enhanced by a particle lens." Nanoscale 7, no. 36 (2015): 14982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03304g.

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McINTYRE, K. M., H. TREWBY, S. GUBBINS, and M. BAYLIS. "The impact of sheep breed on the risk of classical scrapie." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 3 (August 14, 2009): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809990537.

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SUMMARYThe risk of classical scrapie in sheep is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein (PrP) gene. In recent years, large-scale selective breeding programmes for sheep at lower risk of disease have been undertaken across the European Union. We analysed large-scale datasets on scrapie and sheep demography to investigate additional effects of sheep breed on scrapie risk. There was evidence for variation between certain breeds in the scrapie risk of some PrP genotypes, which could be caused by innate breed differences or distinct scrapie strains circulating within them. While the PrP genotypes of cases are generally consistent across breeds, some exceptions provide evidence that scrapie strain may influence affected PrP genotypes to a greater extent than innate breed differences. There was a significant association between the breed-level incidence of scrapie and the frequency of susceptible PrP genotypes in breeds. Our results lend support to selective breeding programmes which aim to reduce the frequency of high-risk PrP genotypes with measures not varying by sheep breed.

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Sutter, John P., and Lucia Alianelli. "Aberration-free aspherical lens shape for shortening the focal distance of an already convergent beam." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 6 (October 6, 2017): 1120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517011808.

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The shapes of single lens surfaces capable of focusing divergent and collimated beams without aberration have already been calculated. However, nanofocusing compound refractive lenses (CRLs) require many consecutive lens surfaces. Here a theoretical example of an X-ray nanofocusing CRL with 48 consecutive surfaces is studied. The surfaces on the downstream end of this CRL accept X-rays that are already converging toward a focus, and refract them toward a new focal point that is closer to the surface. This case, so far missing from the literature, is treated here. The ideal surface for aberration-free focusing of a convergent incident beam is found by analytical computation and by ray tracing to be one sheet of a Cartesian oval. An `X-ray approximation' of the Cartesian oval is worked out for the case of small change in index of refraction across the lens surface. The paraxial approximation of this surface is described. These results will assist the development of large-aperture CRLs for nanofocusing.

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Abdul-Malak, D., and F. Durgin. "Dividing the legs of sheep: Does Burr's Australian stockman strategy work?" Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.980.

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Chen, Xiaoyang, Zhuocheng Diao, Siyan He, Guo Zheng, and Qingkang Yu. "Amplification Characteristics of Fresnel Zone Plate Acoustic Lens." STEM Fellowship Journal 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2017-003.

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This paper aims to determine the effects of a Fresnel Zone Plate on the intensity of sound waves upon their interaction. To observe these effects, a prototype Even Fresnel Zone Plate, composed of four concentric rings, was made from an acrylic sheet with the dimensions 60.0cm x n60.0cm x 3.13mm. The exact dimensions of the prototype were calculated using the selected focal length and working frequency in order to optimize for the constructive interference of sound waves. After a sound wave at the selected frequency is produced, a small region of highly amplified sound is formed and studied. It was discovered that the amplification of sound waves is highly dependent on the frequency of sound, as well as the location at which the sound intensity level is measured.

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Teixeira, Alfredo, Severiano Silva, Cristina Guedes, and Sandra Rodrigues. "Sheep and Goat Meat Processed Products Quality: A Review." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070960.

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Even though sheep and goat processed meat products are not as popular as pork, beef or poultry and are generally considered not as important, they have a very important role in meat consumption around the world. A concise review of the origin and type of the most important sheep and goat processed meat products produced in different countries and world regions is made. The manuscript also summarizes the most recent studies on sheep and goat processed meats on the physicochemical characterizations, sensory quality, microbiological quality and safety. Some conclusions and future trends in production, processing and commercial potentiality for sheep and goat processed meat products are discussed. Several possibilities exist to make them more diversified and appealing to the market. Processing meat from culled animals is an interesting way to value animals with low market acceptability. Some as fermented sausages, cured legs and pâtés have great commercial potential as highly acceptable consumer commodities. An interesting field of food research is the rediscovery of a new generation of goat and sheep meat products as functional foods that will respond to the constant innovation required by the meat industry. Everything related to food safety must be considered in the future.

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GONG, Wei-xing, Tao YU, Wei-zhi WANG, Jia-lun ZHANG, and Zhi-yu HUANG. "Simulation of modal control liquid crystal lens with step sheet resistance distribution." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal and Displays 35, no. 9 (2020): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/yjyxs20203509.0908.

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41

Hu, Yu-Yao, Dong Liang, Jing Wang, and Jun Liu. "High-speed and large-scaled light-sheet microscopy with electrically tunable lens." Acta Physica Sinica 69, no. 8 (2020): 088701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.69.20191908.

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Li, Chun-Jiang, Sheng-Xue Gu, Wu-Xiang Zhao, and Qiong-Hua Wang. "P-96: Autostereoscopic Three-dimensional Display Based on Sparse Lenticular Lens Sheet." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 48, no. 1 (May 2017): 1610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.11973.

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Yang, Zhengyi, Martynas Prokopas, Jonathan Nylk, Clara Coll-Lladó, Frank J. Gunn-Moore, David E. K. Ferrier, Tom Vettenburg, and Kishan Dholakia. "A compact Airy beam light sheet microscope with a tilted cylindrical lens." Biomedical Optics Express 5, no. 10 (September 5, 2014): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.5.003434.

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44

Denzel, Philipp, Sampath Mukherjee, Jonathan P. Coles, and Prasenjit Saha. "Lessons from a blind study of simulated lenses: image reconstructions do not always reproduce true convergence." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 3885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa108.

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ABSTRACT In the coming years, strong gravitational lens discoveries are expected to increase in frequency by two orders of magnitude. Lens-modelling techniques are being developed to prepare for the coming massive influx of new lens data, and blind tests of lens reconstruction with simulated data are needed for validation. In this paper, we present a systematic blind study of a sample of 15 simulated strong gravitational lenses from the EAGLE suite of hydrodynamic simulations. We model these lenses with a free-form technique and evaluate reconstructed mass distributions using criteria based on shape, orientation, and lensed image reconstruction. Especially useful is a lensing analogue of the Roche potential in binary star systems, which we call the lensing Roche potential. This we introduce in order to factor out the well-known problem of steepness or mass-sheet degeneracy. Einstein radii are on average well recovered with a relative error of ${\sim }5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for quads and ${\sim }25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for doubles; the position angle of ellipticity is on average also reproduced well up to ±10°, but the reconstructed mass maps tend to be too round and too shallow. It is also easy to reproduce the lensed images, but optimizing on this criterion does not guarantee better reconstruction of the mass distribution.

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Stamm, F. O., L. O. Leite, M. J. Stamm, and C. F. M. Molento. "The welfare of ewes on stud and meat farms in southern Brazil." Animal Production Science 61, no. 12 (2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19654.

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Context Brazilian sheep production chain includes farms that raise sheep to produce breeding rams and ewes, i.e. stud farms, and farms that raise sheep to breed lambs for meat. However, there are few studies on sheep welfare in Brazil. Aims To assess the welfare of sheep in Brazil, comparing ewes on stud and meat farms. Methods Seven stud (S) and 10 meat (M) farms were assessed in the metropolitan regions of Curitiba and Castro, State of Parana, using the Animal Welfare Indicators protocol for sheep. Results of both groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for yes or no questions, Mann–Whitney test for non-normal data and linear mixed models to check each indicator, with significance level at 0.05. Key results Main characteristics that reduce sheep welfare were low body condition scores (40.6% on both groups), lesions to the legs (S = 45.9%, M = 56.0%), and pain induced by tail docking, with most ewes having a short tail length (S = 79.1%, M = 85.6%). Comparing both groups, ewes from stud farms presented less light faecal soiling (S = 1.3%, M = 27.0%), less faecal soiling and dags (S = 0%, M = 15.7%), better fleece cleanliness (S = 64.8%, M = 19.8%), fewer lesions to the head and neck (S = 3.2%, M = 12.3%), and higher frequency of panting (S = 28.0%, M = 1.5%). Conclusions We were able to identify the main welfare restrictions in both stud and meat farms, and the hypothesis that welfare is higher on stud farms was not confirmed. Implications The identification of on-farm welfare concerns as well as the differences between stud and meat farms allows for readily applicable recommendations, tailored to improve welfare within the prevalent sheep-rearing systems in southern Brazil. This experience with the Animal Welfare Indicators protocol for sheep in the Brazilian context may facilitate further studies and implementation of permanent welfare monitoring and action plans.

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Suzumori, Koichi, and Fumitaka Saito. "Micro Rubber Structures for Passive Walking." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 2 (April 20, 2010): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0167.

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The final goal of this work is the development of functional rubber sheets with micro rubber structures such as friction free, adhesion, and impact adsorption rubbers, etc. We report a micro rubber structure that can successfully perform flexible passive walking with 3 V-shaped units consisting of 4 legs to achieve very low friction. We show how to miniaturize and integrate this structure to produce, by means of a micro rubber molding process using the stereo lithography method, a rubber sheet with 64 legs. The prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Under certain conditions, the 64-legged rubber sheet successfully realizes flexible passive walking down an incline.

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Li, Wen, Xing He Yu, Xin Shan, Xiao Ming Zeng, and Jian Zhong Wang. "The Seismic Facies in the Pliocene from the Shenhu Gas Hydrate Survey in the Northern Continental Slope of South China Sea." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.246.

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According to the tectonic movement occurring in the South China Sea since the late Miocene and the sea level changes in Yingqiong Basin, Pearl River Mouth Basin, and global, combining with seismic reflection terminate characteristics, we divided Shenhu gas hydrate survey areas Pliocene strata into four sequences. According to the basic principles of the "outside-shape, internal-structure ,from seismic wave external geometry, supplemented by seismic physical attributes (amplitude, frequency, consistence),we identified the fill, mound, sheet, lens, sheet shape, wedge-shaped 6 categories, a total of 19 kinds of seismic facies in the study area. Contrasting to the drilling gas hydrate depth, the gas hydrate is mainly enriched around the slump deposits.

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Li, Nan, Christoph Becker, and Simon Dye. "The impact of line-of-sight structures on measuring H0 with strong lensing time delays." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 2224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab984.

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ABSTRACT Measurements of the Hubble–Lemaitre constant from early- and local-Universe observations show a significant discrepancy. In an attempt to understand the origin of this mismatch, independent techniques to measure H0 are required. One such technique, strong lensing time delays, is set to become a leading contender amongst the myriad methods due to forthcoming large strong lens samples. It is therefore critical to understand the systematic effects inherent in this method. In this paper, we quantify the influence of additional structures along the line of sight by adopting realistic light-cones derived from the cosmoDC2 semi-analytical extragalactic catalogue. Using multiple-lens plane ray tracing to create a set of simulated strong lensing systems, we have investigated the impact of line-of-sight structures on time-delay measurements and in turn, on the inferred value of H0. We have also tested the reliability of existing procedures for correcting for line-of-sight effects. We find that if the integrated contribution of the line-of-sight structures is close to a uniform mass sheet, the bias in H0 can be adequately corrected by including a constant external convergence κext in the lens model. However, for realistic line-of-sight structures comprising many galaxies at different redshifts, this simple correction overestimates the bias by an amount that depends linearly on the median external convergence. We therefore conclude that lens modelling must incorporate multiple-lens planes to account for line-of-sight structures for accurate and precise inference of H0.

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van den Brink, Marieke, and Yvonne Benschop. "Gender practices in the construction of academic excellence: Sheep with five legs." Organization 19, no. 4 (July 29, 2011): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508411414293.

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M.H.Anil, T. Yesildere, Ü. Çoteliöglu, and B. Nazli. "The effects of handling on stress parameters before religious slaughter in sheep and cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023989.

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Religious slaughter methods which preclude the use of preslaughter stunning have been subject to controversy for many years. Three fundamental questions have been raised and need clarification: Does the preceeding handling of the animal cause undue stress, is the sticking wound during cutting and afterwards painful, and how long does it take before permanent insensibility is reached. This study has attempted to answer the first question about the stress of handling cattle and sheep prior to religious slaughter. Eight slaughter sheep previously fitted with jugular vein catheters for blood sampling were used. The first sample was taken in the holding pen and animals were transported to the University's slaughterhall (approx. 500m). The legs of sheep were tied together for restraint on arrival. A second sample was taken immediately prior to religious slaughter which was performed within 2 minutes. A third sample was taken from the exsanguinated blood from the wound made with a gash stick

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sheep lens'

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