Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sheep lens

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sheep lens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sheep lens"

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Kayikçioğlu, Özcan, Sait Eğrilmez, Sinan Emre, and Tansu Erakgün. "Human cataractous lens nucleus implanted in a sheep eye lens as a model for phacoemulsification training." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 30, no. 3 (March 2004): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.08.018.

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Gruijters, W. T., J. Kistler, and S. Bullivant. "Formation, distribution and dissociation of intercellular junctions in the lens." Journal of Cell Science 88, no. 3 (October 1, 1987): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.88.3.351.

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A 70,000 Mr membrane protein (MP70) has previously been identified as a specific component of lens intercellular junctions. In this paper we use anti-MP70 immunofluorescence microscopy of dissected fibre bundles to study the formation, distribution and dissociation of junctional plaques in the outer cortex region of the sheep lens. Abundant, small junctional plaques are assembled de novo in the broad sides of the elongating fibres near the equatorial lens periphery. In fully elongated, pole-to-pole fibres, junctional plaques are generally larger, and while dispersed on the broad sides of the fibres in the equatorial lens plane, these junctions line up in the middle of the broad and narrow sides of the fibres in the lens polar regions. This precisely defined positioning is independent of junction size and hence cannot solely be explained by the constraints of fibre width. Junctional plaques fragment to smaller sizes and MP70 is cleaved to MP38 in mature, enucleated fibres located in the deeper portions of the lens outer cortex. These results demonstrate a dynamic aspect of lens intercellular junctions and show that they are positioned in a precise fashion, possibly in association with other membrane or cytoskeletal components.
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Beydemir, Ş., D. N. Kulaçoğlu, M. Çiftçi, and Ö. I. Küfrevioğlu. "The Effects of Some Antibiotics on Sheep Lens Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Vitro." European Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (March 2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210301300207.

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Purpose To investigate the in vitro effects of gentamicin sulfate, vancomycin hydrochloride, sodium cefazolin and ceftriaxone on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) purified from sheep lenses. Methods G6PD was purified from sheep lenses with a yield of 66.8% and a specific activity of 7.8 U/mg proteins, and 10,400-fold using ammonium sulfate fractionation and 2′,5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel. The enzyme activity was determined by Beutler's method. Results Gentamicin sulfate and vancomycin hydrochloride strongly inhibited the enzyme in vitro. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition (IC50) were 15.34, and 8.0 mM, respectively. Conversely, cefazolin sodium strongly activated this enzyme, and ceftriaxone caused milder activation. Conclusions If a patient with G6PD deficiency requires gentamicin sulfate or vancomycin hydrochloride, routine ophthalmic did not inhibit this enzyme. Postmortem studies are now needed to investigate the activity of G6PD and how it is affected by these antibiotics.
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Lurtz, Monica M., and Charles F. Louis. "Intracellular calcium regulation of connexin43." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): C1806—C1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00630.2006.

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The mechanism by which intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulates the permeability of gap junctions composed of connexin43 (Cx43) was investigated in HeLa cells stably transfected with this connexin. Extracellular addition of Ca2+ in the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin produced a sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i that resulted in an inhibition of the cell-to-cell transfer of the fluorescent dye Alexa fluor 594 (IC50 of 360 nM Ca2+). The Ca2+ dependency of this inhibition of Cx43 gap junctional permeability is very similar to that described in sheep lens epithelial cell cultures that express the three sheep lens connexins (Cx43, Cx44, and Cx49). The intracellular Ca2+-mediated decrease in cell-to-cell dye transfer was prevented by an inhibitor of calmodulin action but not by inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or protein kinase C. In experiments that used HeLa cells transfected with a Cx43 COOH-terminus truncation mutant (Cx43Δ257), cell-to-cell coupling was similarly decreased by an elevation of [Ca2+]i (IC50 of 310 nM Ca2+) and similarly prevented by the addition of an inhibitor of calmodulin. These data indicate that physiological concentrations of [Ca2+]i regulate the permeability of Cx43 in a calmodulin-dependent manner that does not require the major portion of the COOH terminus of Cx43.
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Churchill, Grant C., and Charles F. Louis. "Imaging of intracellular calcium stores in single permeabilized lens cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): C426—C434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.2.c426.

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Intracellular Ca2+ stores in permeabilized sheep lens cells were imaged with mag-fura 2 to characterize their distribution and sensitivity to Ca2+-releasing agents. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) released Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores that were maintained by an ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump. The IP3 antagonist heparin inhibited IP3- but not cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release, whereas the cADPR antagonist 8-amino-cADPR inhibited cADPR- but not IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, indicating that IP3 and cADPR were operating through separate mechanisms. A Ca2+ store sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin appeared to be distributed throughout all intracellular regions. In some cells a Ca2+ store insensitive to IP3, cADPR, thapsigargin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not ionomycin, was present in a juxtanuclear region. We conclude that lens cells contain intracellular Ca2+ stores that are sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin, as well as a Ca2+store that appears insensitive to all these agents.
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Gonzalez, Ezequiel Bernardo, Diego Mariano Sacchero, and Marcos Horacio Easdale. "Environmental influence on Merino sheep wool quality through the lens of seasonal variations in fibre diameter." Journal of Arid Environments 181 (October 2020): 104248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104248.

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Churchill, G., and C. Louis. "Roles of Ca2+, inositol trisphosphate and cyclic ADP-ribose in mediating intercellular Ca2+ signaling in sheep lens cells." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.9.1217.

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To further characterize how gap junction-dependent Ca2+ waves propagate between sheep lens cells, we examined the possible roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), Ca2+ and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) in mediating intercellular Ca2+ waves. Second messengers were microinjected into a single cell in a monolayer of sheep lens cells while monitoring cytosolic Ca2+ with fura-2 and fluorescence microscopy. All three compounds initiated intercellular Ca2+ waves, but more cells responded following the injection of either IP3 or cADPR than responded following the injection of Ca2+. When either IP3 or cADPR was co-injected with the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, cytosolic Ca2+ in the injected cell decreased but cytosolic Ca2+ in the adjacent cells increased, indicating that the intercellular messenger was IP3 or cADPR, rather than Ca2+. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 eliminated mechanically initiated intercellular Ca2+ waves, indicating that mechanical initiation probably requires IP3 production. In U73122-treated cells, injected IP3 initiated an intercellular Ca2+ wave in which the number of cells responding increased as the amount of IP3 injected increased, indicating that the distance traveled by the Ca2+ wave was dependent on cell-to-cell diffusion of IP3. In contrast, the ability of cADPR both to increase cytosolic Ca2+ in the injected cell and to initiate intercellular Ca2+ waves was greatly attenuated by U73122. In conclusion, Ca2+, IP3 and cADPR can all mediate intercellular Ca2+ waves by passing through gap junction channels, but both IP3 and cADPR are more effective intercellular messengers than Ca2+.
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van Boekel, Martinus A. M., Daan M. F. van Aalten, Gert-Jan Caspers, Beate Röll, and Wilfried W. de Jong. "Evolution of the Aldose Reductase-Related Gecko Eye Lens Protein ρB-Crystallin: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing." Journal of Molecular Evolution 52, no. 3 (March 2001): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010152.

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Rashid, Frank D. "Transparent Eye, Voice Howling Within: Codes of Violence in Lawrence Joseph's Poetry." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1611.

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In the early quatrains of “Rubaiyat,” a poem in Lawrence Joseph's fourth book, into it, The poet adopts a curious perspective for an American poet of Arab ancestry who is intensely critical of American military aggression. Taking on the “eye” of the aggressor, he pulls up the “satellite image of a major / military target, a 3-D journey / into a landscape of hills and valleys.” He follows the lens as it zooms closer to the ground:Zoom in close enough—the shadowsof statues, the swimming pools of palaces …closer—a garden of palm trees,oranges and lemons, chickens, sheep. … (41)
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van Eeden, Lily M., Bradley P. Smith, Mathew S. Crowther, Chris R. Dickman, and Thomas M. Newsome. "‘The dingo menace’: an historic survey on graziers’ management of an Australian carnivore." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18031.

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Studies of environmental history provide an important lens through which to analyse our contemporary thinking and practices. Here we consider historic management of the conflict caused by dingo predation on livestock. We present unpublished findings of a comprehensive national survey of graziers’ attitudes, knowledge and interactions with dingoes that was conducted by Professor N.W.G. Macintosh in the 1950s. By analysing the 137 responses from this survey, we sought to determine the factors that shaped graziers’ attitudes and management decisions. The four most popular management methods employed to protect livestock from dingoes were trapping (80%), ground-baiting (68%), fencing (44%), and shooting (34%). Whether a respondent had sheep or not was the strongest determinant of which management methods were used, with sheep graziers less likely to use ground-baiting and shooting and more likely to use trapping and fencing. While some patterns among responses were evident, the study reveals the complex nature of graziers’ experiences with dingoes and suggests that, given the lack of scientific evidence available to them at the time of Macintosh’s survey, their decisions, observations, and attitudes were influenced by contextual factors. We use this analysis to consider how history has shaped contemporary dingo management. While the economic, social and environmental context has changed since Macintosh’s survey over 60 years ago, some historical attitudes and practices surrounding dingoes have endured and attacks on livestock by dingoes continue to be regarded as a major threat to graziers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sheep lens"

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Lei, Jie. "The role of antioxidants in the hydrogen peroxide-induced opacification of sheep lens." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070517.162145/.

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The lens of the eye needs to be transparent with a high refractive index to focus images on the retina. In cataracts the lens becomes opaque, eventually leading to blindness. There are many possible causes of cataract but a lot of evidence implicates oxidative damage as contributing to opacification. This includes epidemiological studies showing that diets rich in antioxidants lowered the prevalence of cataract. This research tested the hypothesis that if cataracts were at least partially caused by oxidative damage then their progression would be slowed by application of antioxidants. The antioxidants used were two plant compounds found in the diet, resveratrol and quercetin. The system used was sheep lenses cultured in Eagles Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM). Lenses remained transparent for up to 7 days in EMEM but became opaque within 24 h when exposed to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The lens is exposed to H2O2 in vivo as it is found in the aqueous humor. Prior Lenses pre-treated with quercetin reduced but did not prevent opacification. Lens cell death, as determined by measurement of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, was found to increase with H2O2 and the increase was prevented by pre-treatment with antioxidants. The role of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione was also investigated. It was found that H2O2 decreased the amount of reduced glutathione in the lens cortex and increased the levels of oxidised glutathione but only at levels of 2 mM and above. Thus the results of this research indicate that H2O2 at low concentration (1 mM) is able to damage lens cells and cause opacification without affecting the reduced glutathione levels and that the exogenous antioxidants have some ability to protect the lens.
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McDermott, Joshua D. "The ovine lens cytoskeleton." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/700.

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The lens of the eye is a vital tissue in the visual system, responsible for the collection and focusing of light on to the retina. Comprised of epithelial cells at differing stages of differentiation, the transparency of the lens is dependent on the highly ordered crystalline structure of lens proteins. The lens consists of several proteins including crystallins (α, β, γ) that make up 90% of the soluble protein, and the lens cytoskeletal proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins contribute only a fraction of the total lens protein, but are thought to play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of transparency. Calpain-induced degradation of these proteins may be involved in the development of cataracts. This has been an area of research at Lincoln University where a flock of sheep genetically predisposed to cataract maintained as a cataract development model. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the lens, and to examine the effects of calpain proteolysis on these proteins, with the goal of establishing the role of the lens cytoskeletal proteins in the ovine cataract model. A combination of techniques was used including immunohistochemistry, which required the development of a specific protocol for ovine lenses. Cytoskeletal proteins were identified using immunohistochemistry in lens tissue sections and exhibited characteristic distributions. Actin displayed preferential distribution in the short sides of the fibre cells in the cortex of the lens but was absent in the lens nucleus, while spectrin in the cortex and nucleus was associated with the fibre cell membrane. Filensin was observed in the outer cortex of lens sections associated with the fibre cell membrane and cytoplasm, although the pattern of localisation was indistinct due to the abundance of filensin breakdown products. Vimentin displayed membrane and cytoplasmic association in the outer cortex that diminished toward the lens nucleus, with membrane associated vimentin only persisting in the deeper regions of the cortex and nucleus. Additionally, the effect of novel calpain inhibitors (Cat0059 and Cat811) in preventing proteolysis of lens cytoskeletal protein was investigated and compared with calpain inhibitors developed elsewhere (SJA6017). The inhibitors were tested at between 10 and 0.1 μM (100 nM). All inhibitors were effective at 10 μM. SJA6017 provided significant protection to vimentin at 1 μM. Cat0059 was found to protect spectrin and filensin at 1 μM, but not vimentin, while inhibitor Cat811 was found to protect spectrin only. SJA6017 added to assays at 100 nM offered significant protection to spectrin, and Cat0059 was found to protect filensin and spectrin to a significant degree at 100 nM, indicating the novel inhibitors were comparable to those developed elsewhere in terms of their effectiveness. Taken together, the evidence presented in this thesis shows the cytoskeletal proteins as crucial elements in the lens. Their pervasive presence coupled with evidence that lens cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to calpain-induced proteolysis that is inhibited with novel calpain inhibitors suggests that the lens cytoskeletal proteins may be useful targets in cataract prevention for future research.
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Muir, Matthew Stewart. "Proteomics of the ovine cataract." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/792.

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The lens of the eye needs to be completely transparent in order to allow all light entering the eye to reach the retina. This transparency is maintained by the highly ordered structure of the lens proteins the crystallins. Any disruption to the lens proteins can cause an opacity to develop which is known as cataract. During cortical cataract formation there is increased truncation of the lens crystallins. It is believed that overactivation of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains, is responsible for the increased proteolysis of the crystallins seen during cataractogenesis. Within the ovine lens there are three calpains, calpain 1, 2 and the lens specific calpain Lp82. The aim of this thesis was to determine the changes in the lens proteins during ageing and cataractogenesis, and to establish the role of the calpains in these processes. Calpain 1 and 2 were purified from ovine lung and Lp82 was purified from lamb lenses using chromatography. Activity and presence of the calpains was determined by using the BODIPY-FL casein assay, gel electrophoresis, Western blot and casein zymography. Changes in the lens proteins, specifically the crystallins, were visualised using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Lenses from fetal, 6 month old and 8 year old sheep were collected, as well as stage 0, 1, 3 and 6 cataractous ovine lenses. The proteins from the lenses were separated into the water soluble and urea soluble fractions and analysed by 2DE. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses and therefore modifications of the crystallins. Finally, the individual crystallins were separated using gel filtration chromatography and incubated with the purified calpains in the presence of calcium. The extent of the proteolysis was visualised using 2DE and truncation sites determined by mass spectrometry. Purification of the calpains resulted in samples that were specific for each calpain and could be used in further experiments. 2DE analysis showed that there were changes to the crystallins during maturation of the lens. The α-crystallins become increasingly phosphorylated as the lens ages and a small amount becomes truncated. The β-crystallins were also modified during ageing by truncation and deamidation. When crystallins from cataractous lenses were compared using 2DE there were changes to both the α- and β-crystallins. The α-crystallins were found to be extensively truncated at their C-terminal tail. Four of the seven β-crystallins, βB1, βB3, βB2 and βA3, showed increased truncation of their N-terminal extensions during cataract formation. All three calpains truncated αA and αB-crystallin at their C-terminal ends after incubation. Calpain 2 and Lp82 each produced unique αA-crystallin truncations. All three calpains truncated βB1 and βA3 and calpain 2 also truncated βB3. When the truncations from the calpain incubations were compared to those seen during cataract formation, many of the truncations were found to be similar. Both the unique truncations from calpain 2 and Lp82 were found in cataractous lenses, with the Lp82 more obvious in the 2DE. The β-crystallin truncations found after incubation with the calpains were similar to those found during cataractogenesis. In conclusion this study documents the changes to the ovine lens during maturation and cataractogenesis and indicates a role for the calpain family in the increased proteolysis observed in the ovine cataract.
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Beyer, Ashley Chantel. "Habitat comparisons of historically stable and less stable bighorn sheep populations." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/beyer/BeyerA1208.pdf.

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Limited research has examined how habitat differences between stable and less stable bighorn populations may influence their success. Understanding these habitat differences may help explain how habitat contributes to bighorn sheep population stability. The objective of the study was to identify potential limiting habitat factors for the Tendoy Mountains bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population in western Montana. Habitat variables that were evaluated are unlikely to be influenced by fine-scale weather or disturbance patterns. Land cover, slope, aspect, elevation, landscape ruggedness, solar radiation index (SRI), and distance to escape terrain were measured using GIS. Shrub canopy cover, graminoid and forb frequency, and horizontal visibility were measured in the field. Logistic regression was used to identify habitat differences between the stable and less stable sheep populations in summer and winter. Odds ratios from the logistic regressions were used to identify potential limiting habitat variables for the less stable population. Results from this study indicate that landscape ruggedness (P <0.01) and aspect (P <0.01) in summer ranges, and landscape ruggedness (P =0.01), aspect (P <0.01), and SRI (P <0.01) in winter ranges were the habitat characteristics most likely influencing population stability. Landscape ruggedness and SRI are relatively new habitat metrics that require more research to determine threshold values for bighorn sheep habitat. Results from this study provide initial insights into potential threshold values for landscape ruggedness and SRI for Rocky Mountain bighorns.
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Cundall, Rich. "Shepherding the lamb-less sheep a pastor's guide to ministry with infertile couples /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Cundall, Rich. "Sheperding the lamb-less sheep a pastor's guide to ministry with infertile couples /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001.

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Redjel, Bachir. "Mécanique et mécanismes de rupture dans les matériaux composites SMC (Sheet Molding Compound)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092483.

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Redjel, Bachir. "Mécanique et mécanismes de rupture dans les matériaux composites SMC (Sheet Molding Compound)." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD067.

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L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre les phénomènes de rupture dans les matériaux composites SMC à résine phénolique et polyester renforcée de fibres de verre mat. Tout d’abord une étude de caractérisation sur éprouvettes lisses menée en flexion 3 points, en traction et en compression, a mis en évidence des comportements différents des SMC dans ces 3 types de sollicitations. La présence d’un domaine important d’endommagement avant rupture, qui pertube le champ de contraintes dans les éprouvettes de flexion est à l’origine de ces divergences. L’analyse des contraintes à la rupture par les statistiques de Weibull montre que ces matériaux ne relèvent pas de cette théorie. Concernant l’étude de la résistance à la fissuration sur éprouvettes entaillées, l’application de la mécanique de la rupture à ces matériaux a permis de définir deux paramètres de ténacité : un paramètre d’amorçage de l’endommagement Kam défini au point de non linéarité de la courbe charge-déplacement représentant une caractéristique intrinsèque du matériau, et un paramètre d’instabilité Kins calculé au maximum de charge avec une longueur de fissure effective correspondante indépendante de la longueur d’entaille, mais relative à chaque type de sollicitation. En fixant une géométrie d’éprouvette, (flexion 3 points), l’influence de divers paramètres – anisotropie, fraction volumique des fibres de verre et de charges d’alumine, température, post-cuisson) sur ces deux paramètres de ténacité ainsi que la forme des courbes KR, a été mise en évidence. Enfin, l’étude de la résistance à la fatigue a permis d’établir la courbe S-N de chaque matériau. Cette courbe se caractérise par une dispersion importante dans le valeurs de durée de vie et ne peut être utilisée que pour des comparaisons correspondant à des variations de composition, de signal, de fréquence d’essai etc…
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Joulié, Aurélien. "Etude de la diversité génotypique et phénotypique de la bactérie Coxiella burnetti chez les ruminants domestiques et les chevaux en France." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC055/document.

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La fièvre Q est une zoonose de répartition mondiale due à une bactérie intracellulaire stricte, Coxiella burnetii. Les ruminants domestiques contaminent l’environnement en excrétant la bactérie principalement dans les produits de parturition, le mucus vaginal et les fèces. L’Homme et l’animal s’infectent ensuite par inhalation de pseudo-spores circulantes dans l’environnement. Des enjeux de santé publique et vétérinaires ont ainsi motivés la mise en place de ce projet de thèse afin de mieux maîtriser les infections par C. burnetii dans les élevages. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de produire des connaissances épidémiologiques descriptives sur : (a) la dynamique de circulation de C. burnetii en élevage ovin naturellement infecté ; (b) la diversité génotypique des souches de C. burnetii circulantes dans les élevages de ruminants domestiques en France ; (c) la diversité phénotypique de ces souches via l’utilisation de deux modèles de virulence, un in vivo et un in vitro ; et (d) l’implication du cheval dans l’épidémiologie de la fièvre Q, en étudiant son exposition à C. burnetii ainsi qu’une potentielle symptomatologie.Le suivi longitudinal réalisé en élevage ovin a permis de fournir des indicateurs pertinents à utiliser pour évaluer rapidement le risque de transmission de C. burnetii en contexte infectieux, en termes de lots d’animaux, d’outils diagnostics ou encore de périodes d’échantillonnage à privilégier. Par ailleurs, nous avons également identifié trois grands clusters génotypiques de souches circulantes dans les élevages de ruminants domestiques en contexte d’avortement fièvre Q en France. Deux clusters génotypiques regroupent majoritairement les petits ruminants, dont un principalement les ovins et l’autre les caprins. Le troisième cluster génotypique est composé quasi-exclusivement de bovins. Nous avons montré que le gène IS1111 impacte significativement la diversité génotypique MLVA observée. Nous avons également montré qu’en plus d’une spécificité d’espèce, les génotypes circulants en France sont stables d’un point de vue spatio-temporel. Pour l’étude phénotypique, nous avons mis au point deux modèles d’infection, l’un in vivo par inoculation dans le coussinet plantaire de souris mâle CD1 et l’autre in vitro par infection de deux lignées cellulaires macrophagiques : l’une bovine (SV40) et l’autre ovine (MoCl4). Ces modèles nous ont permis d’identifier 4 clusters phénotypiques, qui n’étaient pas systématiquement corrélés aux trois clusters génotypiques, identifiés in vivo à partir de l’analyse de la charge bactérienne dans la rate de souris, ni aux cinétiques de multiplication de C. burnetii observés in vitro. Enfin, les séroprévalences obtenues chez le cheval dans une zone considérée hyperendémique pour l’Homme (Camargue et Plaine de La Crau) suggèrent que les chevaux sont exposés à la fièvre Q dans cette région et pourrait éventuellement être utilisés comme des indicateurs pertinents du risque zoonotique. Néanmoins, nos résultats ne nous permettent pas de conclure sur les formes cliniques potentiellement associées à la fièvre Q chez le cheval. À l’avenir, les résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse permettront une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique de circulation et des conséquences de l’infection par C. burnetii en élevages de ruminants domestiques et de chevaux. Ces données permettront in fine d’améliorer la surveillance, le diagnostic ainsi que la mise en œuvre de mesures de gestion sanitaire de la fièvre Q en santé publique et vétérinaire
Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis, due to a strict intracellular bacterium: Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants mainly shed the bacteria in parturition products, vaginal mucus and feces. Humans and animals infect by inhalation of circulating pseudo-spores into the environment.Public and veterinary health issues therefore motivated the implementation of this PhD project in order to better control C. burnetii infections on farms. The objectives of this thesis were to provide descriptive epidemiological findings about: (a) circulation dynamics of C. burnetii in a naturally infected flock of sheep; (b) the genotypic diversity of circulating C. burnetii strains on domestic ruminant farms in France; (c) the phenotypic diversity of these strains as demonstrated by the use of two virulence models, one in vivo and one in vitro; and (d) the involvement of horses in the epidemiology of C. burnetii, by studying their exposure and a potential symptomatology.Longitudinal follow-up in a flock of sheep provided relevant tools to rapidly assess the risk of C. burnetii transmission when a flock was identified as infected, in terms of animal pens, diagnostic tools, or sampling periods to be preferred. We also identified three main genotypic groups of circulating strains in domestic ruminant farms in France where Q fever abortion were recorded. Two genotypic groups mainly included small ruminants, with one group mainly composed of sheep and the other mainly composed of goats. The third genotypic group was comprised almost exclusively of cattle. We have shown that the IS1111 gene significantly impacts the genotypic MLVA diversity observed. In addition to this species specificity, we have shown that the circulating genotypes in France were also spatiotemporally stable. We then developed two models of infection, one in vivo by inoculating CD1 male mice in the footpad of and one in vitro by infecting two macrophage cell lines: one bovine (SV40) and one ovine (MoCl4). These two models allowed us to show that the genotypic clusters were not systematically correlated with both the four phenotypic clusters identified in vivo from the analysis of the bacterial load in the mouse spleens and the analysis in vitro of the C. burnetii multiplication kinetics.Finally, the seroprevalence observed in horses within hyperendemic areas for Q fever in humans (Camargue and Plain of La Crau) suggests that horses are exposed to the bacteria in the area and that they may be a relevant indicator of the zoonotic risk. Nevertheless, our results were inconclusive on the clinical forms associated with Q fever in horses.In the future, the findings found in our work will allow a global understanding of the circulation dynamics of C. burnetii on domestic ruminant farms as well as in others animal species. Thus, all these data will ultimately improve surveillance, diagnosis and management of Q fever in public and veterinary health
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Hillion, Erwan. "Analyse et géométrie dans les espaces métriques mesurés : inégalités de Borell-Brascamp-Lieb et conjecture de Olkin-Shepp." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1592/.

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Les travaux menés durant cette thèse sont basés sur la théorie des espaces de longueurs mesurés à courbure de Ricci uniformément minorée initiée par Sturm, Lott et Villani, utilisant de profonds résultats venant de la théorie du transport optimal. Dans une première partie, nous étudions deux familles d'inégalités fonctionnelles, dites de Prékopa-Leindler et de Borell-Brascamp-Lieb, et montrons qu'elles permettent de donner une définition alternative aux bornes sur la courbure de Ricci, satisfaisant un cahier des charges similaire à celui rempli par la condition CD(K,N) de Sturm, Lott et Villani. La seconde partie est consacrée à la recherche d'une généralisation de la définition de Sturm-Lott-Villani au cadre des espaces discrets. Un accent particulier est mis sur le problème de la translation de mesures de probabilité sur un graphe linéaire, et à l'étude de la convexité de l'entropie le long d'une telle translation. L'expression d'une telle translation sous forme d'un convolution binomiale a permis d'éclairer sous un nouvel angle une conjecture formulée par Olkin et Shepp, relative à l'entropie des sommes de Bernoulli indépendantes, et de la démontrer dans un cas particulier
The work done during this PhD thesis is based on the theory of Ricci curvature bounds in measured length spaces, developed by Sturm, Lott and Villani, using deep results coming from the optimal transportation theory. In a first part, we study two families of functional inequalities, called Prékopa-Leindler and Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities, and show that they allows us to give an alternate definition to Ricci curvature bounds, satisfying a "wishlist" similar to the one fulfilled by the Sturm-Lott- Villani condition CD(K,N). The second part is about a possible generalization of Sturm-Lott-Villani definition in a discrete setting. We emphasise the case of the translation of probability measures on a linear graph, and study the convexity of entropy along such a translation. The expression of this translation as a binomial convolution enlightens a conjecture stated by Olkin and Shepp about the entropy of sums of idependent Bernoulli random variables, for which we give a partial proof
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Books on the topic "Sheep lens"

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Verstraten, Peter. Dutch Post-war Fiction Film through a Lens of Psychoanalysis. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725330.

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Dutch Post-war Fiction Film through a Lens of Psychoanalysis is a sequel to Humour and Irony in Dutch Post-war Fiction Film (AUP, 2016), but the two studies can be read separately. Because of the sheer variety of Fons Rademakers’ oeuvre, which spans ‘art’ cinema and cult, genre film and historical epics, each chapter will start with one of his titles to introduce a key concept from psychoanalysis. It is an oft-voiced claim that Dutch cinema strongly adheres to realism, but this idea is put into perspective by using psychoanalytic theories on desire and fantasy. In the vein of cinephilia, this study brings together canonical titles (Als twee druppels water; Soldaat van Oranje) and little gems (Monsieur Hawarden; Kracht). It juxtaposes among others Gluckauf and De vliegende Hollander (on father figures); Flanagan and Spoorloos (on rabbles and heroes); De aanslag and Leedvermaak (on historical traumas); and Antonia and Bluebird (on aphanisis).
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Fytche, Eugene L. -- may safely graze: Protecting livestock against predators : the predators, risk and protection models, potential protective measures and their effectiveness. Almonte, Ont: E.L. Fyteche, 1998.

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England), Nottingham Contemporary (Nottingham, ed. But what of Frances Stark, standing by itself, a naked name, bare as a ghost to whom one would like to lend a sheet? Nottingham: Nottingham Contemporary, 2009.

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Bland, Julia E. The Shepherd and His Sheep: Eight Children's Sermons and Activity Pages for Lent and Easter. CSS Publishing Company, 2002.

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Maltby, Mark. From bovid to beaver. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.14.

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This chapter reviews evidence for the exploitation of animals in Medieval northwest Russia, highlighting the evidence from the town of Novgorod and its hinterland. The zooarchaeological evidence from this region has been complemented by other sources of archaeological and documentary evidence. Most faunal assemblages are dominated by cattle, which were of small stature and exploited mainly for their meat and milk. There is evidence that pigs became less important in later periods. Sheep and goat were poorly represented on most sites, but with goats forming a higher proportion of the sheep/goat remains than on many other European sites. Evidence for fur trade in the region comes mainly from sites deep in the forest zone. Horsemeat was consumed, although horses were mainly valued as transport animals. The high-status site of Ryurik Gorodishche produced evidence for organized carcass-processing, ritual deposition of horse skulls, and the import of exotic species.
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MacKinnon, Michael. Animals, acculturation, and colonization in ancient and Islamic North Africa. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.31.

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Zooarchaeological comparisons of Roman and Islamic North Africa indicate changes in animal use largely resultant from shifting parameters of urban and economic expansion and development, presence and involvement of the military, cultural preferences, and restrictions in dietary resources. ‘Urbanized’ and ‘militarized’ zones, such as Carthage, and the Egyptian delta and eastern desert, typically display increases in pork consumption during Roman times; others areas, such as Morocco and inland Tunisia and Libya, regions arguably less affected by, or exposed to, Roman dietary and cultural customs or demands, maintain greater temporal consistency. Islamic patterns display regional diversity, with sheep/goat pastoralism predominating, integrated husbandry schemes and animal breed manipulation generally diminishing, and cultural taboos against pork consumption registering in many areas.
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Sheen, Fulton J. Lent and Easter Wisdom from Fulton J. Sheen: Daily Scripture and Prayers Together With Sheen's Own Words (Redemptorist Pastoral Publication). Liguori Publications, 2004.

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Nobes, Christopher. 4. Financial reports of listed companies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199684311.003.0004.

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‘Financial reports of listed companies’ considers the components of an annual report and the types of financial statement that companies generally provide: balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cash flow statement. It addresses the following questions: what are assets and how are they measured? What is the difference between depreciation and impairment? Why are various expected expenses and losses not accounted for as liabilities? How can an investor decide which company to lend to or buy shares in? How could managers use accounting to mislead investors? Tangible assets, intangible assets, and financial assets are defined along with liabilities and accounting ratios.
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Sillis, Margaret, and David Longbottom. Chlamydiosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0017.

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Chlamydial pathogens cause a wide-range of infections and disease, known as chlamydioses, in humans, other mammals and birds. The causative organisms are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria that undergo a unique biphasic developmental cycle involving the infectious elementary body and the metabolically-active, non-infectious reticulate body. At least two species, Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydophila abortus, are recognized as causes of zoonotic infections in humans worldwide, mainly affecting persons exposed to infected psittacine and other birds, especially ducks, turkeys, and pigeons, and less commonly to animals, particularly sheep. Outbreaks occur amongst aviary workers, poultry processing workers, and veterinarians. Infection is transmitted through inhalation of infected aerosols contaminated by avian droppings, nasal discharges, or products of ovine gestation or abortion. Person to person transmission is rare. Control strategies have met with variable success depending on the degree of compliance or enforcement of legislation. In the United Kingdom control is secondary, resulting from protection of national poultry flocks by preventing the importation of Newcastle disease virus using quarantine measures. Improved standards of husbandry, transport conditions, and chemoprophylaxis are useful for controlling reactivation of latent avian chlamydial infection. Vaccination has had limited effect in controlling ovine infection. Improved education of persons in occupational risk groups and the requirement for notification may encourage a more energetic approach to its control.
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Leask, Nigel. Stepping Westward. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850021.001.0001.

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Stepping Westward is the first book of its kind dedicated to the literature of the Scottish Highland tour 1720-1830, a major cultural phenomenon that attracted writers and artists like Pennant, Johnson and Boswell, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, Coleridge, Scott, Hogg, Keats, Daniell, and Turner, as well as numerous less celebrated travellers and tourists. Addressing more than a century’s worth of literary and visual representations of the Highlands, the book casts new light on how the tour developed a modern literature of place, acting as a catalyst for thinking about improvement, landscape, and the shaping of British, Scottish and Gaelic identities. Attention is paid to the relationship between travellers and the native Gaels, whose world was plunged into crisis by rapid and forced social change. At the book’s core lie the best-selling tours of Pennant and Dr Johnson, associated with attempts to ’improve’ the intractable Gaidhealtachd in the wake of Culloden. Alongside the Ossian craze and Gilpin’s picturesque, their books stimulated a wave of ’home tours’ from the 1770s through the romantic period, including writing by women like Sarah Murray and Dorothy Wordsworth. The incidence of published Highland Tours (many lavishly illustrated), peaked around 1800, but as the genre reached exhaustion, the ’romantic Highlands’ were reinvented in Scott’s poems and novels, coinciding with steam boats and mass tourism, but also rack-renting, sheep clearance and emigration.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sheep lens"

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Laukant, H., C. Wallmann, M. Korte, and Uwe Glatzel. "Flux-Less Joining Technique of Aluminium with Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets by a Dual-Spot-Laser Beam." In Sheet Metal 2005, 163–70. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-972-5.163.

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Grandin, Temple. "How to improve livestock handling and reduce stress." In Improving animal welfare: a practical approach, 84–112. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0084.

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Abstract Calm, low-stress methods for handling cattle, sheep, pigs, and other farm animals will result in better productivity and increased human safety. People who are handling animals should be trained to understand and use basic behavioral principles such as the flight zone, point of balance, circling around the handler, and natural following behavior. Animals will move more easily through a race or alley if distractions such as shadows or reflections on shiny metal are removed, or if people up ahead are removed from the animal's line of sight. Stress will be reduced if animals are acclimated both to handling procedures and to having people walk through their pens or pastures. Restraint of livestock will be easier and there will be less vocalization or struggling if the following principles are used. The most important features are nonslip flooring and supporting the body to avoid triggering the instinctual fear of slipping and falling. A common mistake is to apply excessive pressure with a restraint device.
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Zhai, Muyue, Xiaoshuai Huang, Heng Mao, Qiudong Zhu, and Shanshan Wang. "Using Electrically Tunable Lens to Improve Axial Resolution and Imaging Field in Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscope." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 411–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91659-0_34.

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Yoshikawa, Yasuhiro, Hiroki Takakura, Manabu Watanabe, Tetsuya Hiyama, and Toru Sakai. "Using Air Temperature Data to Calculate Changes in Ice Sheet Thickness on the Lena River to Predict Ice-Jam Disasters." In Global Environmental Studies, 87–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4648-3_6.

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Micsonai, András, Éva Bulyáki, and József Kardos. "BeStSel: From Secondary Structure Analysis to Protein Fold Prediction by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 175–89. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0892-0_11.

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Abstract Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a classical method for the study of the secondary structure of polypeptides in solution. It has been the general view that the α-helix content can be estimated accurately from the CD spectra. However, the technique was less reliable to estimate the β-sheet contents as a consequence of the structural variety of the β-sheets, which is reflected in a large spectral diversity of the CD spectra of proteins containing this secondary structure component. By taking into account the parallel or antiparallel orientation and the twist of the β-sheets, the Beta Structure Selection (BeStSel) method provides an improved β-structure determination and its performance is more accurate for any of the secondary structure types compared to previous CD spectrum analysis algorithms. Moreover, BeStSel provides extra information on the orientation and twist of the β-sheets which is sufficient for the prediction of the protein fold. The advantage of CD spectroscopy is that it is a fast and inexpensive technique with easy data processing which can be used in a wide protein concentration range and under various buffer conditions. It is especially useful when the atomic resolution structure is not available, such as the case of protein aggregates, membrane proteins or natively disordered chains, for studying conformational transitions, testing the effect of the environmental conditions on the protein structure, for verifying the correct fold of recombinant proteins in every scientific fields working on proteins from basic protein science to biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Here, we provide a brief step-by-step guide to record the CD spectra of proteins and their analysis with the BeStSel method.
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Herman, Bernard L. "Barbacoa de Cordero de Hog Island." In A South You Never Ate, 247–64. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653471.003.0013.

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This chapter looks at the contemporary rise of Latin American foodways on the Eastern Shore of Virginia through the lens of an evolving terroir and cuisine. The chapter begins with an Eastern Shore Guatemalan mutton barbacoa, pursues the narrative of Hog Island rare breed sheep associated with the natural and cultural history of Virginia's barrier islands, and concludes with how one family finds its own traditions, terroir, and cuisine in a new home.
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Yates, Julian. "Passions of the Flock." In Geographies of Embodiment in Early Modern England, 177–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852742.003.0008.

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How did the modelling of human emotions through sheep and wolf avatars in early modern humoral psychology contribute to understandings of how and why theatre appealed to human spectators? Reading Thomas Wright’s The Passions of the Mind in General through the lens provided by the work of Gail Kern Paster, this chapter offers an account of these dynamics in the context of the public theatre as remembered in Thomas Nashe’s Piers Pennilesse.
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"Material Safety Data Sheet." In Essentials of Ophthalmic Lens Finishing, 349–50. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-7213-9.50025-8.

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"Sweden." In Rescue of Business in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826521.003.0040.

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When there is reason to believe that the company’s shareholders’ equity is less than half of the registered share capital, the Board of Directors must immediately prepare and force the company’s auditors to examine a balance sheet for liquidation purposes.
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James, Henry. "XIX." In The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536177.003.0038.

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We went straight to the lake, as it was called at Ely, and I dare say rightly called, though it may have been a sheet of water less remarkable than my untravelled eyes supposed it. My aquaintance with sheets of water was small, and...
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Conference papers on the topic "Sheep lens"

1

Tanigawa, Hideo, Yoshihiko Tanji, Yoshinao Taketomi, and Toshihiro Kubota. "Deep-image hologram recorded by using a lenticular lens sheet." In Electronic Imaging '99, edited by Stephen A. Benton. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.343770.

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Beckmann, Leo H. J. F. "Zoom lens designs for use in sheet-metal cutting by high-power CO2-lasers." In Lens and Optical Systems Design. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.142867.

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Sims, Daniel C., Yonghao Yue, and Shree K. Nayar. "Towards flexible sheet cameras: Deformable lens arrays with intrinsic optical adaptation." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccphot.2016.7492876.

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Zang, Dong-Ning, Liang-Hao Wang, Dong-Xiao Li, and Ming Zhang. "A Practical Method to Measure Parameters of Lenticular-Lens Sheet for 3DLCD." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icig.2013.151.

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Field, Jeffrey J., and Randy A. Bartels. "Toward Single-Lens Epi-Fluorescent Light Sheet Microscopy with Single-Pixel Detection." In Novel Techniques in Microscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ntm.2019.nw5c.3.

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Barner, Lindsey, Adam K. Glaser, Hongyi Huang, and Jonathan T. C. Liu. "Solid immersion meniscus lens (SIMlens) enables multi-resolution open-top light-sheet microscopy." In Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXVIII, edited by Thomas G. Brown, Tony Wilson, and Laura Waller. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576560.

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Hong, Jisoo, Joohwan Kim, Jae-Hyeung Park, Sung-Wook Min, and Byoungho Lee. "Viewing-angle-enhanced three-dimensional integral imaging using the combination of a lenticular lens sheet and a two-dimensional lens array." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Guoguang Mu, Francis T. S. Yu, and Suganda Jutamulia. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.568676.

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Ryu, Inkeon, and Daekeun Kim. "Stripe artifacts reduction in a light sheet fluorescence microscopy using a micro-lens array." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2020.jtu1b.14.

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Barner, Lindsey A., Adam K. Glaser, and Jonathan T. C. Liu. "Multi-Resolution Open-Top Light Sheet Microscopy Enabled by a Solid Immersion Meniscus Lens (SIMlens)." In Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/microscopy.2020.mm2a.3.

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DeLand, Trevor S., Ashley E. Kendell, Todd W. Fenton, and Roger C. Haut. "Fracture Patterns From Three-Point Bending of Sheep Femora." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80648.

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Fracture patterns of long bones broken under various loading conditions have been well documented [1,8]. Of particular interest in the current study was the wedge or “butterfly” type fracture that occurs as a result of bending forces on a bone. Butterfly fractures generally consist of a characteristic “Y” shape across the long axis [1,7]. While no studies were found that examine the mechanism of such a fracture, it is generally accepted and widely published that the bottom of the Y fracture is found on the tensile side and the top split portion occurs on the compressive side of the neutral axis (Figure 1). This phenomenon is explained using basic solid mechanics principles. Since the tensile strength of bone is 133 MPa compared to a compressive strength of 193 MPa [6], bending initiates a transverse fracture on the tensile side. However, across the neutral axis, compressive forces dominate and tensile failure is thought not to continue. Since the shear strength of bone is 51.6 MPa [10], less than half the compressive strength, the bone appears to fail along the planes of maximum shear stress at 45° to the transverse split [3].
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Reports on the topic "Sheep lens"

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Author, Not Given. LEDS GP Success Story: Fostering Coordinated LEDS Support in Kenya (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127275.

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Carrasco, Alex, and David Florián Hoyle. External Shocks and FX Intervention Policy in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003457.

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This paper discusses the role of sterilized foreign exchange (FX) interventions as a monetary policy instrument for emerging market economies in response to external shocks. We develop a model for a commodity-exporting small open economy in which FX intervention is considered as a balance sheet policy induced by a financial friction in the form of an agency problem between banks and their creditors. The severity of banks agency problem depends directly on a bank-level measure of currency mismatch. Endogenous deviations from the standard UIP condition arise at equilibrium. In this context, FX interventions moderate the response of financial and macroeconomic variables to external shocks by leaning against the wind with respect to real exchange rate pressures. Our quantitative results indicate that, conditional on external shocks, the FX intervention policy successfully reduces credit, investment, and output volatility, along with substantial welfare gains when compared to a free-floating exchange rate regime. Finally, we explore distinct generalizations of the model that eliminate the presence of endogenous UIP deviations. In those cases, FX intervention operations are considerably less effective for the aggregate equilibrium.
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Kvalbein, Astrid. Wood or blood? Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481278.

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Wood or Blood? New scores and new sounds for voice and clarinet Astrid Kvalbein and Gjertrud Pedersen, Norwegian Academy of Music What is this thing called a score, and how do we relate to it as performers, in order to realize a musical work? This is the fundamental question of this exposition. As a duo we have related to scores in a variety of ways over the years: from the traditional reading and interpreting of sheet music of works by distant (some dead) composers, to learning new works in dialogue with living composers and to taking part in the creative processes from the commissioning of a work to its premiere and beyond. This reflective practice has triggered many questions: could the score for instance be conceptualized as a contract, in which some elements are negotiable and others are not? Where two equal parts, the performer(s) and the composer might have qualitatively different assignments on how to realize the music? Finally: might reflecting on such questions influence our interpretative practices? To shed light on these issues, we take as examples three works from our recent repertoire: Ragnhild Berstad’s Vevtråd (Weaving thread, 2010), Jan Martin Smørdal’s The Lesser Nighthawk (2012) and Lene Grenager’s Tre eller blod (Wood or blood, 2005). We will share – attempt to unfold – some of the experiences gained from working with this music, in close collaboration and dialogue with the composers. Observing the processes from a certain temporal distance, we see how our attitudes as a duo has developed over a longer span of time, into a more confident 'we'.
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Services du Centre de Solutions Pour Les Energies Propres (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132118.

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LEDS Global Partnership in Action: Advancing Climate-Resilient Low Emission Development Around the World (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1107448.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users and validation of audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technique in Abuja, Lagos, and Ibadan, Nigeria: Report Fact Sheet. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1005.

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Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent only 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is clear, there is also a need to improve the quality and reliability of behavioral data collected for national surveillance, where these stigmatized subpopulations may underreport sensitive behaviors that put them most at risk. As noted in this fact sheet, computer-based interviewing systems are becoming an accepted alternative to face-to-face interviews, providing an efficient and replicable research tool for collecting sensitive behavioral data.
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